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Alou L, Gómez-Rubio E, Giménez Mestre MJ, Alvaro-Afonso FJ, Coronel P, Sevillano D. Exploring therapeutic options for mild diabetic-related foot infections: a comparative in vitro study of cefditoren versus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2024; 37:356-359. [PMID: 38864830 PMCID: PMC11231490 DOI: 10.37201/req/028.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and particularly diabetic-related foot infections (DFI), present diagnostic and therapeutic complexities, often leading to severe complications. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of cefditoren and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against typical DFI pathogens. Clinical samples from 40 patients with mild SSTIs were analyzed, revealing a predominance of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. species. Cefditoren exhibited activity against 90% of isolates, with superior potency over amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. These findings underscore the utility of cefditoren in empirical treatment of DFI, although a larger sample size would be desirable for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - P Coronel
- Pilar Coronel, PhD, Scientific Department, Meiji Pharma Spain, Alcalá de Henares, Avda. de Madrid, 94, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28802, Spain.
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Akhtar N, Tahir A, Abbas M, Zaman N, Qadir A, Arshad M. Temporal trends in indoor bioaerosols: implications for dental healthcare environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38944751 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, a significant public health hazard, is predicted to cause 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050. The study aimed to identify culturable bioaerosols in the indoor air of dental units in Lahore and assess their antibiotic resistance. Air samples were collected from 10 dental unit locations at different distances, with average concentrations of fungi and bacteria falling within intermediate ranges, per the Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC/m3) index. The study found higher antibiotic-resistant strains in hospital dental units, particularly during winter. The most vigorous strain, S.aureus-NAJIH18, exhibited 70% resistance to ceftazidime. The research highlights the importance of quantifying microbial pollutants for evaluating their source and complexity. It suggests proactive mitigation techniques, such as focused cleaning and air filtration, to improve indoor air quality can mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. These insights offer hope in combating the growing public health threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Tahir
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeza Abbas
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Basic Science, Jhang Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Zhang L, Yang J, Xu X, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Ju Y, Luo B, Liu Y, Gou X, Sui J, Chen B, Wang Y, Tao T, He L, Yang T, Luo Y. Discovery and Optimization of Novel SaFabI Inhibitors as Specific Therapeutic Agents for MRSA Infection. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10096-10134. [PMID: 38845361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
As the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (SaFabI) emerges as a compelling target for combating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Herein, compound 1, featuring a 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one scaffold, was identified as a potent SaFabI inhibitor (IC50 = 976.8 nM) from an in-house library. Subsequent optimization yielded compound n31, with improved inhibitory efficacy on enzymatic activity (IC50 = 174.2 nM) and selective potency against S. aureus (MIC = 1-2 μg/mL). Mechanistically, n31 directly inhibited SaFabI in cellular contexts. Moreover, n31 exhibited favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, and dose-dependently treated MRSA-induced skin infections, outperforming the approved drug, linezolid. The chiral separation of n31 resulted in (S)-n31, with superior activities (IC50 = 94.0 nM, MIC = 0.25-1 μg/mL) and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. In brief, our research proposes (S)-n31 as a promising candidate for SaFabI-targeted therapy, offering specific anti-S. aureus efficacy and potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baozhu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xupeng Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Beltrán-Martínez ME, Tapia-Rodríguez MR, Ayala-Zavala JF, Gómez-Álvarez A, Robles-Zepeda RE, Torres-Moreno H, de Rodríguez DJ, López-Romero JC. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of Flourensia retinophylla against Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1671. [PMID: 38931103 PMCID: PMC11207523 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria with the greatest impact in the clinical area, due to the high rate of infections and deaths reaching every year. A previous scenario is associated with the bacteria's ability to develop resistance against conventional antibiotic therapies as well as biofilm formation. The above situation exhibits the necessity to reach new effective strategies against this pathogen. Flourensia retinophylla is a medicinal plant commonly used for bacterial infections treatments and has demonstrated antimicrobial effect, although its effect against S. aureus and bacterial biofilms has not been investigated. The purpose of this work was to analyze the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of F. retinophylla against S. aureus. The antimicrobial effect was determined using an ethanolic extract of F. retinophylla. The surface charge of the bacterial membrane, the K+ leakage and the effect on motility were determined. The ability to prevent and remove bacterial biofilms was analyzed in terms of bacterial biomass, metabolic activity and viability. The results showed that F. retinophylla presents inhibitory (MIC: 250 µg/mL) and bactericidal (MBC: 500 µg/mL) activity against S. aureus. The MIC extract increased the bacterial surface charge by 1.4 times and the K+ concentration in the extracellular medium by 60%. The MIC extract inhibited the motility process by 100%, 61% and 40% after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The MIC extract prevented the formation of biofilms by more than 80% in terms of biomass production and metabolic activity. An extract at 10 × MIC reduced the metabolic activity by 82% and the viability by ≈50% in preformed biofilms. The results suggest that F. retinophylla affects S. areus membrane and the process of biofilm formation and removal. This effect could set a precedent to use this plant as alternative for antimicrobial and disinfectant therapies to control infections caused by this pathogen. In addition, this shrub could be considered for carrying out a purification process in order to identify the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Edith Beltrán-Martínez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Colonia la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (M.E.B.-M.); (J.F.A.-Z.)
| | - Melvin Roberto Tapia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Colonia la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (M.E.B.-M.); (J.F.A.-Z.)
| | - Agustín Gómez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | | | - Heriberto Torres-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83600, Mexico;
| | | | - Julio César López-Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83600, Mexico;
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Park SY, Sivakumar R, Lee NY. D-Glucose-Mediated Gold Nanoparticle Fabrication for Colorimetric Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:284. [PMID: 38920588 PMCID: PMC11202049 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) fabrication via the oxidation of D-glucose is applied for detecting two foodborne pathogens, Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). D-glucose is used as a reducing agent due to its oxidation to gluconic acid by sodium hydroxide (NaOH), resulting in the formation of AuNPs. Based on this mechanism, we develop AuNP-based colorimetric detection in conjunction with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for accurately identifying the infectious bacteria. Here, Au+ ions bind to the base of double-stranded DNA. In the presence of D-glucose and NaOH, the LAMP amplicon-Au+ complex maintains its bound state at 65 °C for 10 min while it is reduced to AuNPs in a dispersed form, exhibiting a red color. We aimed to pre-mix D-glucose with LAMP reagents before amplification and induce successful colorimetry without inhibiting amplification to simplify the experimental process and decrease the reaction time. Therefore, the entire process, including LAMP and colorimetric detection, is accomplished in approximately 1 h. The limit of detection of E. faecium and S. aureus is confirmed using the introduced method as 101 CFU/mL and 100 fg/μL, respectively. We expect that colorimetric detection using D-glucose-mediated AuNP synthesis offers an application for simple and immediate molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (R.S.)
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6
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Zöngür A. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Essential Oil, Fatty Acids and Bioactive Compounds of Beta vulgaris var. crassa (Fodder Beet). Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:719-731. [PMID: 39010984 PMCID: PMC11246347 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta vulgaris var. crassa is undoubtedly a very important plant that is not used enough in the world. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activities of the components (essential oils, fatty acids, total phenol and flavonoid) found in the leaf parts of Beta vulgaris var. crassa against PC-3, MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines. In addition, the effectiveness of these ingredients against bacteria and fungi that can cause serious health problems in humans was tested. In experiments, three tumor cell lines were exposed to various plant extract concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL) for 72 h. It was found that plant extracts showed high (SI: 2.14 > 2) cytotoxicity to PC-3 cells, moderate (SI: 1.62 < 2) to HeLa cells, and low (SI: 0.93 < 2) cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells. Also, different plant extract concentrations were found to cause an inhibition rate of 16.3-22.3% in Staphylococcus aureus, 16.8-23.5% in Streptococcus pyogenes and 12-16.2% in Cutibacterium acnes. Similarly, inhibition rates were determined between 9.5-20.7% for Candida albicans, 3.5-7.7% for Candida auris, and 5.5-15.1% for Candida glabrata. The results showed that the plant extract exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect against both cancer cell lines and microbial pathogens. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01269-8.
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7
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Amparo TR, Sousa LRD, Xavier VF, Seibert JB, Paiva DL, da Silva DDS, Teixeira LFDM, dos Santos ODH, Vieira PMDA, de Souza GHB, Brandão GC. Protium spruceanum Extract Enhances Mupirocin Activity When Combined with Nanoemulsion-Based Hydrogel: A Multi-Target Strategy for Treating Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:700. [PMID: 38931824 PMCID: PMC11207036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) can be challenging due to bacterial resistance, particularly from strains like MRSA and biofilm formation. However, combining conventional antibiotics with natural products shows promise in treating SSTIs. The objective of this study is to develop a nanoemulsion-based hydrogel containing Protium spruceanum extract and mupirocin and evaluate its potential for the treatment of SSTIs. The nanoemulsion was obtained by phase inversion and subsequently characterized. The antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro against S. aureus MRSA, including the synergism of the combination, changes in membrane permeability using flow cytometry, and the anti-biofilm effect. In addition, the irritative potential was evaluated by the HET-CAM assay. The combination exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA due to the extract enhancing membrane permeability. The hydrogel demonstrated suitable physicochemical properties, inhibited biofilm formation, and exhibited low irritation. The formulation was nanometric (176.0 ± 1.656 nm) and monodisperse (polydispersity index 0.286 ± 0.011). It exhibited a controlled release profile at 48 h and high encapsulation efficacy (94.29 ± 4.54% for quercitrin and 94.20 ± 5.44% for mupirocin). Therefore, these findings suggest that the hydrogel developed could be a safe and effective option for treating SSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Roquete Amparo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | - Lucas Resende Dutra Sousa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | - Viviane Flores Xavier
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | - Janaína Brandão Seibert
- Laboratory of Pathology and Microbial Control, University of São Paulo (USP-ESALQ), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
| | - Débora Luiza Paiva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | - Débora dos Santos da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | | | - Orlando David Henrique dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | | | - Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (D.L.P.); (D.d.S.d.S.); (O.D.H.d.S.); (G.H.B.d.S.); (G.C.B.)
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Vadakkan K, Sathishkumar K, Kuttiyachan Urumbil S, Ponnenkunnathu Govindankutty S, Kumar Ngangbam A, Devi Nongmaithem B. A review of chemical signaling mechanisms underlying quorum sensing and its inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107465. [PMID: 38761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterium responsible for multiple infections and is a primary cause of fatalities among patients in hospital environments. The advent of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus revealed the shortcomings of employing antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases. Quorum sensing enhances S. aureus's survivability through signaling processes. Targeting the key components of quorum sensing has drawn much interest nowadays as a promising strategy for combating infections caused by bacteria. Concentrating on the accessory gene regulator quorum-sensing mechanism is the most commonly suggested anti-virulence approach for S.aureus. Quorum quenching is a common strategy for controlling illnesses triggered by microorganisms since it reduces the pathogenicity of bacteria and improves bacterial biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, thus providing an intriguing prospect for drug discovery. Quorum sensing inhibition reduces selective stresses and constrains the emergence of antibiotic resistance while limiting bacterial pathogenicity. This review examines the quorum sensing mechanisms involved in S. aureus, quorum sensing targets and gene regulation, environmental factors affecting quorum sensing, quorum sensing inhibition, natural products as quorum sensing inhibitory agents and novel therapeutical strategies to target quorum sensing in S. aureus as drug developing technique to augment conventional antibiotic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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Bashabsheh RH, AL-Fawares O, Natsheh I, Bdeir R, Al-Khreshieh RO, Bashabsheh HH. Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and application of nano-therapeutics as a promising approach to combat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:209-231. [PMID: 38006316 PMCID: PMC11221481 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2285187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium and one of the most prevalent infectious disease-related causes of morbidity and mortality in adults. This pathogen can trigger a broad spectrum of diseases, from sepsis and pneumonia to severe skin infections that can be fatal. In this review, we will provide an overview of S. aureus and discuss the extensive literature on epidemiology, transmission, genetic diversity, evolution and antibiotic resistance strains, particularly methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). While many different virulence factors that S. aureus produces have been investigated as therapeutic targets, this review examines recent nanotechnology approaches, which employ materials with atomic or molecular dimensions and are being used to diagnose, treat, or eliminate the activity of S. aureus. Finally, having a deeper understanding and clearer grasp of the roles and contributions of S. aureus determinants, antibiotic resistance, and nanotechnology will aid us in developing anti-virulence strategies to combat the growing scarcity of effective antibiotics against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad H.F. Bashabsheh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - O’la AL-Fawares
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Iyad Natsheh
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Roba Bdeir
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Rozan O. Al-Khreshieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-salt, Jordan
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10
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Zhang Y, Lu Q. Immune cells in skin inflammation, wound healing, and skin cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:852-865. [PMID: 37718697 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the self-evident importance of cutaneous immunity in the maintenance of body-surface homeostasis, disturbance of the steady-state skin is inextricably intertwined with dysfunction in cutaneous immunity. It is often overlooked by people that skin, well-known as a solid physical barrier, is also a strong immunological barrier, considering the abundant presence of immune cells including lymphocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. What's more, humoral immune components including cytokines, immunoglobulins, and antimicrobial peptides are also rich in the skin. This review centers on skin inflammation (acute and chronic, infection and aseptic inflammation), wound healing, and skin cancer to elucidate the elaborate network of immune cells in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangwangmiao Street No. 12, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
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11
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Rathna RP, Kulandhaivel M. Advancements in wound healing: integrating biomolecules, drug delivery carriers, and targeted therapeutics for enhanced tissue repair. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:199. [PMID: 38563993 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing, a critical biological process vital for tissue restoration, has spurred a global market exceeding $15 billion for wound care products and $12 billion for scar treatment. Chronic wounds lead to delayed or impaired wound healing. Natural bioactive compounds, prized for minimal side effects, stand out as promising candidates for effective wound healing. In response, researchers are turning to nanotechnology, employing the encapsulation of these agents into drug delivery carriers. Drug delivery system will play a crucial role in enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to promote tissue regeneration and address underlying issues such as inflammation, infection, and impaired angiogenesis in chronic wound healing. Drug delivery carriers offer distinct advantages, exhibiting a substantial ratio of surface area to volume and altered physical and chemical properties. These carriers facilitate sustained and controlled release, proving particularly advantageous for the extended process of wound healing, that typically comprise a diverse range of components, integrating both natural and synthetic polymers. Additionally, they often incorporate bioactive molecules. Despite their properties, including poor solubility, rapid degradation, and limited bioavailability, various natural bioactive agents face challenges in clinical applications. With a global research, emphasis on harnessing nanomaterial for wound healing application, this research overview engages advancing drug delivery technologies to augment the effectiveness of tissue regeneration using bioactive molecules. Recent progress in drug delivery has poised to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of natural compounds in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preethi Rathna
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641021, India
| | - M Kulandhaivel
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641021, India.
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12
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Allaw F, Wehbe S, Kanj SS. Necrotizing fasciitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:105-111. [PMID: 38037890 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss the latest evidence of epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) with a particular focus on necrotizing fasciitis (NF). RECENT FINDINGS NSTIs have been historically referred to as NF but encompass a broader range of infections, with variable rates ranging from 0.86 to 32.64 per 100 000 person-years, influenced by factors such as climate and seasonal variations. They have diverse microbiological profiles categorized into different types based on the involved pathogens, including polymicrobial or monomicrobial infections caused by organisms such as group A streptococcus (GAS), Staphylococcus aureus , some Gram-negative pathogens, and filamentous fungi following trauma and natural disasters. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory markers, and imaging. However, the gold standard for diagnosis remains intraoperative tissue culture. Treatment involves repeated surgical debridement of necrotic tissues in addition to intravenous antibiotics. Adjuvant therapies with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might have a role. Soft tissue reconstruction may be necessary following surgery. SUMMARY Prompt diagnosis and proper medical and surgical management of NSTI will improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Allaw
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Saliba Wehbe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Souha S Kanj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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13
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Maheshwari R, Ghode P, Sharma M. Lab on chip based self-adjustable liposomes for rapid wound healing: An in depth in vitro, in vivo and higher dose toxicity investigation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213777. [PMID: 38266334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to microfluidic technology, different nano-delivery systems are becoming clinically viable. Using a novel and rapid microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) method (lipids on chip) we developed self-adaptable liposomes (SLs) containing cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) for the treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. SLs were optimized using different flow rate ratios in the MHF method and the final formulation CPT3 was found to be the best in terms of particle size (68.27 ± 01.15 nm), % entrapment efficiency (% EE: 82 ± 1.5), polydispersity (PDI: 0.2 ± 0.012), and degree of deformability (DOD: 4.7 ± 0.18 nm). Rats (Sprague Dawley) treated with a self-adaptable CPT3 liposomal formulation recuperate skin injury, exhibited reduced bacterial counts (<106 CFU/mL) in the wounded region, and completely restored (100 %) on day 21. Rat survival, in vivo dermal pharmacokinetics and ex vivo-in vivo relationship were also investigated. Rats treated with an even 10-fold higher dose (100 mg/kg/day) of CP using an equivalent CPT3 formulation did not show any symptoms of toxicity as revealed by hematological, biochemical, and internal organ assessment observations. Finally, the developed CPT3 formulation with special interest in patients with high-risk skin injuries not only delivered CP in a controlled manner but was also clinically effective and safe as it did not produce any serious adverse events even at 10× higher doses in the infected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Maheshwari
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Green Industrial Park, TSIIC, Jadcherla, Hyderabad 509301, India.
| | - Piyush Ghode
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India
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14
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Liu A, Garrett S, Hong W, Zhang J. Staphylococcus aureus Infections and Human Intestinal Microbiota. Pathogens 2024; 13:276. [PMID: 38668232 PMCID: PMC11053856 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that can cause many human diseases, such as skin infection, food poisoning, endocarditis, and sepsis. These diseases can be minor infections or life-threatening, requiring complex medical management resulting in substantial healthcare costs. Meanwhile, as the critically ignored "organ," the intestinal microbiome greatly impacts physiological health, not only in gastrointestinal diseases but also in disorders beyond the gut. However, the correlation between S. aureus infection and intestinal microbial homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, we summarized the recent progress in understanding S. aureus infections and their interactions with the microbiome in the intestine. These summarizations will help us understand the mechanisms behind these infections and crosstalk and the challenges we are facing now, which could contribute to preventing S. aureus infections, effective treatment investigation, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aotong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Shari Garrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wanqing Hong
- Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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15
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Soimala T, Wasiksiri S, Boonchuay K, Wongtawan T, Fungwithaya P. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals in southern Thailand: A preliminary study. Vet World 2024; 17:282-288. [PMID: 38595667 PMCID: PMC11000468 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.282-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) cause pyoderma, dermatitis, and nosocomial infection. Numerous factors, including indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine, cleaning practices, and AMU in hospitals, contribute to MRCoPS. However, the relationship between hospital age and MRCoPS has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MRCoPS in the treatment and operation rooms of new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from small animal hospitals in Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Songkhla in Thailand. Hospitals were defined as those that had been in operation for 5 years (new, n = 5), 5-15 years (middle-aged, n = 6), or >15 years (old, n = 3). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify 280 samples, and duplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify resistance genes (mecA and blaZ). The VITEK2® automated system was then used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results A total of 57 Staphylococcus species were identified and classified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) (22/57, 38.60%) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (35/57, 61.40%), respectively. Nine of the 22 CoPS (40.90%) harbored the mecA gene, and 21 isolates (95.45%) harbored the blaZ gene. Interestingly, more MRCoPS was found in new hospitals (six isolates) than in middle-aged (one isolate) and old hospitals (two isolates), although there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of MRCoPS across new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals (p = 0.095), Kruskal-Wallis test. There is a need for further detailed studies, including an increase in the number of hospitals in various locations. Conclusion MRCoPS is a nosocomial pathogen that causes zoonotic and recurrent infections in veterinary hospitals. The prevalence of MRCoPS tended to be higher in new hospitals. Areas with heavy animal contact, such as hospital floors, are areas of particular concern, and cleaning/disinfection of these areas must be highlighted in hygiene regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Tierärztliches Gesundheitszentrum Oerzen, Melbeck 21406, Germany
| | - Siriwat Wasiksiri
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kanpapat Boonchuay
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Office of Administrative Interdisciplinary Program on Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand
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16
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Morrison KD, Reiss MB, Tanner TD, Gollott TR, Loots GG, Collette NM. The application of synthetic antibacterial minerals to combat topical infections: exploring a mouse model of MRSA infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1762. [PMID: 38243067 PMCID: PMC10798972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics has stalled, and novel strategies are needed as we enter the age of antibiotic resistance. Certain naturally occurring clays have been shown to be effective in killing antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, these natural clays are too variable to be used in clinical settings. Our study shows that synthetic antibacterial minerals exhibit potent antibacterial activity against topical MRSA infections and increase the rate of wound closure relative to controls. The antibacterial minerals maintain a redox cycle between Fe2+/Fe3+ and the surfaces of pyrite minerals, which act as a semiconductor and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), while smectite minerals act as a cation exchange reservoir. Acidic conditions are maintained throughout the application of the hydrated minerals and can mitigate the alkaline pH conditions observed in chronic non-healing wounds. These results provide evidence for the strategy of 'iron overload' to combat antibiotic resistant infections through the maintained release of Fe2+ and generation of ROS via distinct geochemical reactions that can break the chronic wound damage cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Morrison
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Meghan B Reiss
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Tanya D Tanner
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Travis R Gollott
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Collette
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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17
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Kaushik A, Kest H, Sood M, Steussy BW, Thieman C, Gupta S. Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in Humans: Clinical Implications and Management. Pathogens 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38251383 PMCID: PMC10819455 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its initial description in the 1960s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has developed multiple mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance and evading the immune system, including biofilm production. MRSA is now a widespread pathogen, causing a spectrum of infections ranging from superficial skin issues to severe conditions like osteoarticular infections and endocarditis, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Biofilm production is a key aspect of MRSA's ability to invade, spread, and resist antimicrobial treatments. Environmental factors, such as suboptimal antibiotics, pH, temperature, and tissue oxygen levels, enhance biofilm formation. Biofilms are intricate bacterial structures with dense organisms embedded in polysaccharides, promoting their resilience. The process involves stages of attachment, expansion, maturation, and eventually disassembly or dispersion. MRSA's biofilm formation has a complex molecular foundation, involving genes like icaADBC, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, atl, agr, sarA, sarZ, sigB, sarX, psm, icaR, and srtA. Recognizing pivotal genes for biofilm formation has led to potential therapeutic strategies targeting elemental and enzymatic properties to combat MRSA biofilms. This review provides a practical approach for healthcare practitioners, addressing biofilm pathogenesis, disease spectrum, and management guidelines, including advances in treatment. Effective management involves appropriate antimicrobial therapy, surgical interventions, foreign body removal, and robust infection control practices to curtail spread within healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kaushik
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Master of Science, Healthcare Quality and Safety, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Kest
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph’s Children’s Hospital, 703 Main Street, Paterson, NJ 07503, USA;
| | - Mangla Sood
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla 171006, India;
| | - Bryan W. Steussy
- Division of Microbiology, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
| | - Corey Thieman
- Division of Pharmacology, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
| | - Sandeep Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center, Unity Point Health, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA;
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18
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Morgan Bustamante BL, Fejerman L, May L, Martínez-López B. Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection risk assessment using hotspot analysis and risk maps: the case of California emergency departments. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:123. [PMID: 38195461 PMCID: PMC10775506 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-Sa) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are historically associated with densely populated urban areas experiencing high poverty rates, intravenous drug use, and homelessness. However, the epidemiology of CA-Sa SSTIs in the United States has been poorly understood since the plateau of the Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic in 2010. This study examines the spatial variation of CA-Sa SSTIs in a large, geographically heterogeneous population and identifies neighborhood characteristics associated with increased infection risk. METHODS Using a unique neighborhood boundary, California Medical Service Study Areas, a hotspot analysis, and estimates of neighborhood infection risk ratios were conducted for all CA-Sa SSTIs presented in non-Federal California emergency departments between 2016 and 2019. A Bayesian Poisson regression model evaluated the association between neighborhood-level infection risk and population structure, neighborhood poverty rates, and being a healthcare shortage area. RESULTS Emergency departments in more rural and mountainous parts of California experienced a higher burden of CA-Sa SSTIs between 2016 and 2019. Neighborhoods with high infection rates were more likely to have a high percentage of adults living below the federal poverty level and be a designated healthcare shortage area. Measures of population structure were not associated with infection risk in California neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a potential change in the epidemiology of CA-Sa SSTIs in California emergency departments. Future studies should investigate the CA-Sa burden in other geographies to identify whether this shift in epidemiology holds across other states and populations. Further, a more thorough evaluation of potential mechanisms for the clustering of infections seen across California neighborhoods is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Morgan Bustamante
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Larissa May
- Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Jackson JK, Kennedy SJ, Felton EA, Cella E, Lima A, Becker D, Silbert S, Kim K, Azarian T, Shaw LN. Draft genome sequence of a highly proteolytic Staphylococcus aureus USA300 isolate from human urine. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0067923. [PMID: 37933968 PMCID: PMC10720404 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00679-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted proteases of Staphylococcus aureus have been shown to be critical during infection. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of S. aureus TGH337, a hyper-proteolytic USA300 strain isolated from human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah J. Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Emily A. Felton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Amorce Lima
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Deanna Becker
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Suzane Silbert
- Esoteric Testing/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kami Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Center for Global Health Infectious Diseases Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Global Emerging Diseases Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taj Azarian
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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20
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Rukavina Z, Jøraholmen MW, Božić D, Frankol I, Gašparović PG, Škalko-Basnet N, Klarić MŠ, Vanić Ž. Azithromycin-loaded liposomal hydrogel: a step forward for enhanced treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:559-579. [PMID: 38147473 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZT) encapsulated into various types of liposomes (AZT-liposomes) displayed pronounced in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (1). The present study represents a follow-up to this previous work, attempting to further explore the anti-MRSA potential of AZT-liposomes when incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (CHG). Incorporation of AZT-liposomes into CHG (liposomal CHGs) was intended to ensure proper viscosity and texture properties of the formulation, modification of antibiotic release, and enhanced antibacterial activity, aiming to upgrade the therapeutical potential of AZT-liposomes in localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. Four different liposomal CHGs were evaluated and compared on the grounds of antibacterial activity against MRSA, AZT release profiles, cytotoxicity, as well as texture, and rheological properties. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the potential of liposomal CHGs for the topical localized treatment of MRSA-related skin infections. CHG ensured proper viscoelastic and texture properties to achieve prolonged retention and prolonged release of AZT at the application site, which resulted in a boosted anti-MRSA effect of the entrapped AZT-liposomes. With respect to anti-MRSA activity and biocompatibility, formulation CATL-CHG (cationic liposomes in CHG) is considered to be the most promising formulation for the treatment of MRSA-related skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Rukavina
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- 2Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Dunja Božić
- 3R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd. 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Frankol
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- 2Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- 4Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Vanić
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Kejwal MB, Verboket RD, Sommer K, Dust F, Thomas D, Störmann P, Frank J, Henrich D, Marzi I, Janko MC. Local Gentamicin Fixation with Sprayed Fibrin-An In Vivo Animal Study Reveals New Options to Treat Soft Tissue Infections. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103390. [PMID: 37240497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For acute and chronic soft tissue infections, radical surgical debridement is required and is considered the gold standard, along with its immediate systemic antibiotic therapy. Treatment with local antibiotics and/or antibiotic-containing materials is commonly used as an additional tool in clinical practice. Spraying with fibrin and antibiotics is a newer technique that has been studied for some antibiotics. However, for gentamicin, data are not yet available on absorption, optimal application, antibiotic fate at the site and transfer of antibiotic into the blood. In an animal study involving 29 Sprague Dawley rats, 116 back wounds were sprayed with gentamicin using either gentamicin alone or one of two possible spray combinations of gentamicin and fibrin. Simultaneous application of gentamicin and fibrin via a spray system to soft tissue wounds resulted in significant antibiotic concentration over a long period of time. The technique is easy and cost-effective. The systemic crossover was significantly minimized in our study, which may have led to fewer side effects in patients. These results could lead to an improvement in local antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike B Kejwal
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René D Verboket
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Sommer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Dust
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Störmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Frank
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maren C Janko
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe University, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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