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Jauvain M, Lepied G, Bénéjat L, Roudier N, Dussert C, Lehours P, Varon C, Bessède E. Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus BIO5326 on Gastric Carcinogenesis Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13108. [PMID: 39021274 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection-associated gastric adenocarcinoma is influenced by various factors, including the digestive microbiota. Lactic acid bacteria role in digestive carcinogenesis has been discussed, and some Lactobacillaceae family species have been shown to act against H. pylori-induced inflammation and colonization. However, their effects on H. pylori-related carcinogenesis have not yet been studied. Lactobacillaceae family effects on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), emergence of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and the pro-inflammatory response of gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori infection were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A co-culture model of AGS gastric epithelial cells infected with a carcinogenic strain of H. pylori associated with 18 different probiotic strains candidates were used. Different EMT indicators and CSC properties were studied, including quantification of the mesenchymal phenotype, tumorsphere formation, EMT marker expression, and tight junction evaluation with immunofluorescence microscopy. The effect of the strains on the pro-inflammatory response to H. pylori was also evaluated by quantifying interleukin-8 (IL-8) production using ELISA. RESULTS Among the strains tested, Lactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus BIO5326 induced a 30.6% and 38.4% reduction in the mesenchymal phenotype, respectively, caused a significant decrease in Snail and Zeb1 EMT marker expression and prevented the loss of tight junctions induced by H. pylori infection. A separate co-culture with a Boyden chamber maintained the effects induced by the two strains. H. pylori-induced IL-8 production was also significantly reduced in the presence of L. gasseri BIO6369 and L. rhamnosus BIO5326. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and L. rhamnosus BIO5326 strains decreased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation induced by H. pylori infection, suggesting that these species may have a protective effect against H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Jauvain
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gorann Lepied
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Bénéjat
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christelle Dussert
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Bessède
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Caselli E. Tackling transmission of infectious diseases: A probiotic-based system as a remedy for the spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14529. [PMID: 39045894 PMCID: PMC11267305 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Built environments (BEs) currently represent the areas in which human beings spend most of their life. Consistently, microbes populating BEs mostly derive from human occupants and can be easily transferred from BE to occupants. The hospital microbiome is a paradigmatic example, representing a reservoir for harmful pathogens that can be transmitted to susceptible patients, causing the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Environmental cleaning is a crucial pillar in controlling BE pathogens and preventing related infections, and chemical disinfectants have been largely used so far towards this aim. However, despite their immediate effect, chemical-based disinfection is unable to prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact, and can select/increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in treated microbes. To overcome these limitations, probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) strategies were recently proposed, built on the use of detergents added with selected probiotics able to displace surrounding pathogens by competitive exclusion. PBS was reported as an effective and low-impact alternative to chemical disinfection, providing stable rebalance of the BE microbiome and significantly reducing pathogens and HAIs compared to disinfectants, without exacerbating AMR and pollution concerns. This minireview summarizes the most significant results obtained by applying PBS in sanitary and non-sanitary settings, which overall suggest that PBS may effectively tackle the infectious risk meanwhile preventing the further spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTAUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
- CIAS Research CenterUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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Yang S, Qiao J, Zhang M, Kwok LY, Matijašić BB, Zhang H, Zhang W. Prevention and treatment of antibiotics-associated adverse effects through the use of probiotics: A review. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00230-3. [PMID: 38844120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut hosts a diverse microbial community, essential for maintaining overall health. However, antibiotics, commonly prescribed for infections, can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological disorders. Recognizing this, probiotics have emerged as a promising strategy to counteract these adverse effects. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest evidence concerning the utilization of probiotics in managing antibiotic-associated side effects. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Probiotics play a crucial role in preserving gut homeostasis, regulating intestinal function and metabolism, and modulating the host immune system. These mechanisms serve to effectively alleviate antibiotic-associated adverse effects and enhance overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | | | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
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Ziaei Chamgordani S, Yadegar A, Ghourchian H. C. difficile biomarkers, pathogenicity and detection. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119674. [PMID: 38621586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the main etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. CDI contributes to gut inflammation and can lead to disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Recently, the rate of CDI cases has been increased. Thus, early diagnosis of C. difficile is critical for controlling the infection and guiding efficacious therapy. APPROACH A search strategy was set up using the terms C. difficile biomarkers and diagnosis. The found references were classified into two general categories; conventional and advanced methods. RESULTS The pathogenicity and biomarkers of C. difficile, and the collection manners for CDI-suspected specimens were briefly explained. Then, the conventional CDI diagnostic methods were subtly compared in terms of duration, level of difficulty, sensitivity, advantages, and disadvantages. Thereafter, an extensive review of the various newly proposed techniques available for CDI detection was conducted including nucleic acid isothermal amplification-based methods, biosensors, and gene/single-molecule microarrays. Also, the detection mechanisms, pros and cons of these methods were highlighted and compared with each other. In addition, approximately complete information on FDA-approved platforms for CDI diagnosis was collected. CONCLUSION To overcome the deficiencies of conventional methods, the potential of advanced methods for C. difficile diagnosis, their direction, perspective, and challenges ahead were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ziaei Chamgordani
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hedayatollah Ghourchian
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Morita A, Ichihara E, Inoue K, Fujiwara K, Yokoyama T, Harada D, Ando C, Kano H, Oda N, Tamura T, Ochi N, Kawai H, Inoue M, Hara N, Fujimoto N, Ichikawa H, Oze I, Hotta K, Maeda Y, Kiura K. Impacts of probiotics on the efficacies of immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1607-1615. [PMID: 38196128 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The relationships between the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the intestinal flora have attracted increasing attention. However, the effects of oral probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of probiotics on the efficacies of ICIs in patients treated with and without chemotherapy. We investigated patients with advanced NSCLC on ICI monotherapy or combination ICI and chemotherapy using the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group Immunotherapy Database (OLCSG-ID) and the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group Immunochemotherapy Database (OLCSG-ICD). In total, 927 patients (482 on ICI monotherapy, 445 on an ICI + chemotherapy) were enrolled. Most were male, of good performance status, smokers, and without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations. Probiotics were administered to 19% of patients on ICI monotherapies and 17% of those on ICIs + chemotherapy. Of the former patients, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in the probiotics group (PFS 7.9 vs. 2.9 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, p < .001; OS not attained vs. 13.1 months, HR 0.45, p < .001). Among patients receiving ICI and chemotherapy, there were no significant differences in PFS between those on probiotics and not but OS was significantly better in the probiotics group (PFS 8.8 vs. 8.6 months, HR 0.89, p = .43; OS not attained vs. 22.6 months, HR 0.61, p = .03). Patients on probiotics experienced better outcomes following ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiki Ichihara
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ohara Healthcare Foundation, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daijiro Harada
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NHO Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Kawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inoue
- Department of Chest Surgery, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Naofumi Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ichikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, KKR Takamatsu Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hotta
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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6
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Zhou T, Xiao L, Zuo Z, Zhao F. MAMI: a comprehensive database of mother-infant microbiome and probiotic resources. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D738-D746. [PMID: 37819042 PMCID: PMC10767955 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence has demonstrated that the human microbiome and probiotics confer great impacts on human health, particularly during critical developmental stages such as pregnancy and infancy when microbial communities undergo remarkable changes and maturation. However, a major challenge in understanding the microbial community structure and interactions between mothers and infants lies in the current lack of comprehensive microbiome databases specifically focused on maternal and infant health. To address this gap, we have developed an extensive database called MAMI (Microbiome Atlas of Mothers and Infants) that archives data on the maternal and neonatal microbiome, as well as abundant resources on edible probiotic strains. By leveraging this resource, we can gain profound insights into the dynamics of microbial communities, contributing to lifelong wellness for both mothers and infants through precise modulation of the developing microbiota. The functionalities incorporated into MAMI provide a unique perspective on the study of the mother-infant microbiome, which not only advance microbiome-based scientific research but also enhance clinical practice. MAMI is publicly available at https://bioinfo.biols.ac.cn/mami/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Khedr M, Youssef FS, El-Kattan N, Abozahra MS, Selim MN, Yousef A, Khalil KMA, Mekky AE. FolE gene expression for folic acid productivity from optimized and characterized probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:169. [PMID: 38108957 PMCID: PMC10728034 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus delbrueckii was one of the most common milk lactic acid bacterial strains (LAB) which characterized as probiotic with many health influencing properties. RESULTS Among seven isolates, KH1 isolate was the best producer of folic acid with 100 µg/ml after 48 h of incubation; FolE gene expression after 24 h of incubation was in the highest value in case of KH1 with three folds. Lactose was the best carbon source for this KH1, besides the best next isolates KH80 and KH98. The selected three LAB isolates were identified through 16S rDNA as Lactobacillus delbrueckii. These three isolates have high tolerance against acidic pH 2-3; they give 45, 10, and 22 CFUs at pH 3, besides 9, 6, and 4 CFUs at pH2, respectively. They also have resistance against elevated bile salt range 0.1-0.4%. KH1 recorded 99% scavenging against 97.3% 1000 µg/ml ascorbic acid. Docking study exhibits the binding mode of folic acid which exhibited an energy binding of - 8.65 kcal/mol against DHFR. Folic acid formed four Pi-alkyl, Pi-Pi, and Pi-sigma interactions with Ala9, Ile7, Phe34, and Ile60. Additionally, folic acid interacted with Glu30 and Asn64 by three hydrogen bonds with 1.77, 1.76, and 1.96 Å. CONCLUSION LAB isolates have probiotic properties, antioxidant activity, and desired organic natural source for folic acid supplementation that improve hemoglobin that indicated by docking study interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khedr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fady Sayed Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 1221, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Kattan
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Abozahra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed N Selim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33433, USA
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Yousef
- Basic & Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alryada University for Science & Technology, Al ryada, Egypt
| | - Kamal M A Khalil
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alsayed E Mekky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
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Kruszewska H, Zawistowska-Rojek A, Tyski S. Do NSAIDs and Other Pain Relief Drugs Can Inhibit the Growth of Lactobacillaceae? Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:507-513. [PMID: 37816501 PMCID: PMC10725164 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used in clinical practice may cause gastrointestinal injuries and influence the gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of various NSAIDs and some analgesics on the viability of Lactobacillaceae strains (including probiotic strains) in vitro. It was found that diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid inhibited the growth of lactobacilli at a concentration of 0.05-3.2 mg/ml. These MICs of NSAIDs are well above therapeutic plasma concentrations achieved in humans, indicating that the tested drugs should not inhibit the growth of lactobacilli in the human digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kruszewska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zawistowska-Rojek
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Batista KS, de Albuquerque JG, de Vasconcelos MHA, Bezerra MLR, da Silva Barbalho MB, Pinheiro RO, Aquino JDS. Probiotics and prebiotics: potential prevention and therapeutic target for nutritional management of COVID-19? Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:181-198. [PMID: 34668465 PMCID: PMC8593414 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are working to identify prevention/treatment methods and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nutritional status and diet have a major impact on the COVID-19 disease process, mainly because of the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and lung, that is, the gut-lung axis. Individuals with inadequate nutritional status have a pre-existing imbalance in the gut microbiota and immunity as seen in obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases. Communication between the gut microbiota and lungs or other organs and systems may trigger worse clinical outcomes in viral respiratory infections. Thus, this review addresses new insights into the use of probiotics and prebiotics as a preventive nutritional strategy in managing respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and highlighting their anti-inflammatory effects against the main signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19. Literature search was performed through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases; relevant clinical articles were included. Significant randomised clinical trials suggest that specific probiotics and/or prebiotics reduce diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, cough, sore throat, fever, and viral infection complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. These beneficial effects are linked with modulation of the microbiota, products of microbial metabolism with antiviral activity, and immune-regulatory properties of specific probiotics and prebiotics through Treg cell production and function. There is a need to conduct clinical and pre-clinical trials to assess the combined effect of consuming these components and undergoing current therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gondim de Albuquerque
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária s/n, Recife, Brazil
- Post Graduate in Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maria Helena Araújo de Vasconcelos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Rolim Bezerra
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mariany Bernardino da Silva Barbalho
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Pinheiro
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Gopalan S, Ganapathy S, Mitra M, Neha, Kumar Joshi D, Veligandla KC, Rathod R, Kotak BP. Unique Properties of Yeast Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46314. [PMID: 37927652 PMCID: PMC10621882 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, both bacterial and yeast, have long been associated with a beneficial health history and human well-being. Among yeasts, Saccharomyces is a genus that is efficacious in rendering better human health, with Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) CNCM I-745 being classified as a probiotic agent. The present review highlights the unique properties of S. boulardii and its rolein the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pediatric acute gastroenteritis (PAGE) in comparison to bacterial probiotics. Its unique properties,such as viability over a wide pH range, inability to acquire antibiotic resistance genes, and property to achieve a steady state rapidly, have given S. boulardii an edge over bacterial probiotics. In AAD patients, prophylactic use of S. boulardii has shown a significantly lower risk of AAD (in comparison to controls) and restored the diversity of gut microbiota. Among Indian children with PAGE, S. boulardii CNCM I-745 was found superior to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and four strains of Bacillus clausii in shortening the duration of diarrhea and reducing the length of hospital stay. S. boulardii CNCM I-745 being considered a safe probiotic for use in children and adults also finds recommendations in several international guidelines for the management of acute diarrhea. The current review discusses evidence for the proven efficacy and safety of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 as a probiotic for preventing gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Gopalan
- Pediatrics, Madhukar Rainbow Children's Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Monjori Mitra
- Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health (ICH), Kolkata, IND
| | - Neha
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | | | | | - Rahul Rathod
- Ideation and Clinical Research/Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
| | - Bhavesh P Kotak
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, IND
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Yang J, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Li C, Luo R, Liu H, Fu H, Zhong Z, Shen L, Cao S, Luo Y, Li D, Peng G. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis HH2 against Oral Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Beagles. Vet Sci 2023; 10:432. [PMID: 37505837 PMCID: PMC10384286 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis HH2 on beagles orally challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We assessed the physiological parameters and the severity of diarrhea, as well as the changes in three serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (D-LA), and the fecal microbiome. Feeding B. subtilis HH2 significantly reduced the severity of diarrhea after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05) and increased serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM (p < 0.01). B. subtilis HH2 administration also reduced serum levels of DAO at 48 h after the ETEC challenge (p < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in D-LA (p > 0.05). Oral ETEC challenge significantly reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in beagles not pre-fed with B. subtilis HH2 (p < 0.05), while B. subtilis HH2 feeding and oral ETEC challenge significantly altered the gut microbiota structure of beagles (p < 0.01). Moreover, 14 days of B. subtilis HH2 feeding reduced the relative abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus in feces. This study reveals that B. subtilis HH2 alleviates diarrhea caused by ETEC, enhances non-specific immunity, reduces ETEC-induced damage to the intestinal mucosa, and regulates gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Run Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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12
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Doar NW, Samuthiram SD. Qualitative Analysis of the Efficacy of Probiotic Strains in the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Cureus 2023; 15:e40261. [PMID: 37440799 PMCID: PMC10335840 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is often managed by the withdrawal of the culprit antibiotics or the administration of alternative antibiotics when a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is suspected, an infection that tends to be the most common causative agent of the disease. Probiotics are also gaining popularity as alternative therapies, and it was hypothesized in this article that a Lactobacillus strain is the most efficacious probiotic for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This article conducted a literature review investigating the relative efficacy of the Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces probiotic strains as effective alternative therapies for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The literature searched was from the PubMed database. The inclusion filters were: random control trials (RCTs), clinical trials, meta-analysis, last 10 years, full-text articles available in English, and all articles published in peer-reviewed journals. All three probiotic genera had strains that demonstrated significant efficacy in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, Saccharomyces boulardii I-745 tends to outperform all the strains as the most effective and the one with the fewest, if any, adverse effects. Whenever probiotics are considered for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in both pediatric and adult patients, S. boulardii I-745 should probably be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyier W Doar
- Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA
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13
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McCann K, Wiss K, Covington J, Laffert V, Gosselin KB. A Case of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Associated Colitis. JPGN REPORTS 2023; 4:e313. [PMID: 37200727 PMCID: PMC10187860 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare disease characterized by painful blistering and erosion of the skin, sometimes referred to as "butterfly skin disease" because patients' skin becomes as fragile as butterfly wings. In addition to severe dermatologic manifestations, EB patients also experience complications affecting epithelial surfaces including the gastrointestinal tract. While gastrointestinal complications such as oral mucosal ulceration, esophageal strictures, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux are common in EB patients, reports of colitis are rare. Here we describe a patient with recessive dystrophic EB who developed EB-associated colitis. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges as well as the gaps in our current understanding of the prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment of EB-associated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn McCann
- From the Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Karen Wiss
- From the Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Vanessa Laffert
- From the Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Kerri B Gosselin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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14
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Jach ME, Serefko A, Szopa A, Sajnaga E, Golczyk H, Santos LS, Borowicz-Reutt K, Sieniawska E. The Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in the Treatment of Depression. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073213. [PMID: 37049975 PMCID: PMC10096791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and complex mental and emotional disorder that causes disability, morbidity, and quite often mortality around the world. Depression is closely related to several physical and metabolic conditions causing metabolic depression. Studies have indicated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, known as the gut–brain axis. While this microbiota–gut–brain connection is disturbed, dysfunctions of the brain, immune system, endocrine system, and gastrointestinal tract occur. Numerous studies show that intestinal dysbiosis characterized by abnormal microbiota and dysfunction of the microbiota–gut–brain axis could be a direct cause of mental and emotional disorders. Traditional treatment of depression includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and it mainly targets the brain. However, restoration of the intestinal microbiota and functions of the gut–brain axis via using probiotics, their metabolites, prebiotics, and healthy diet may alleviate depressive symptoms. Administration of probiotics labeled as psychobiotics and their metabolites as metabiotics, especially as an adjuvant to antidepressants, improves mental disorders. It is a new approach to the prevention, management, and treatment of mental and emotional illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder and metabolic depression. For the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy, psychobiotics should be administered at a dose higher than 1 billion CFU/day for at least 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sajnaga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hieronim Golczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga 45700-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Aswal M, Singhal N, Kumar M. Comprehensive genomic analysis of hypocholesterolemic probiotic Enterococcus faecium LR13 reveals unique proteins involved in cholesterol-assimilation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082566. [PMID: 37081914 PMCID: PMC10110904 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Chemotherapeutic agents for CVDs exhibit several side effects. Specific probiotics with hypocholesterolemic effects can be safe and effective alternatives to chemotherapeutics. Here, we have analyzed and compared the genome of a novel rhizospheric Enterococcus faecium LR13 cholesterol-assimilating probiotic with other probiotic/pathogenic E. faecium strains to discern genetic factors underlying probiotic efficacy and cholesterol-assimilation. Genomic analyses of E. faecium probiotic strains revealed that LR13 and WEFA23 (cholesterol-assimilating probiotics) harbored 21 unique proteins absent in non-cholesterol-assimilating probiotics. Of these, 14 proteins could directly help in cholesterol-assimilation by producing short chain fatty acids, lipid (sterol) transport and membrane stabilization, and bile salt hydrolase activity. This suggests that cholesterol-assimilation is an intrinsic, strain-specific trait exhibited by probiotics with a specific genetic constitution. Moreover, the unique proteins identified in this study can serve as biomarkers for discerning/characterizing cholesterol-assimilating probiotics as novel biotherapeutics against CVDs.
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Choudhury J, Makkar A, Sharma V, Karamath SP, Parmar V, Kumar J P, Veligandla KC, Pinto CS, Mane A, Rathod R, Kotak BP. A Real-World Perspective of Co-amoxiclav Prescription Pattern With Probiotics for Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections: Results of Quantitative and Qualitative Approach in Indian Outpatient Settings. Cureus 2023; 15:e36269. [PMID: 37073213 PMCID: PMC10105827 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are co-prescribed with co-amoxiclav to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The study assesses the co-prescription pattern of probiotics with co-amoxiclav in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). METHODS This was a mixed methods research study with a retrospective study and a prospective survey. The retrospective part included a multicenter, observational, real-world study utilizing patients' electronic medical records for three years (2018-2020) from seven outpatient pediatric clinics and hospitals. The qualitative evaluation was performed with a predefined questionnaire. RESULTS The patients having RTIs (N=984) were prescribed Clamp® (46.7%), CAA (23.8%), and CAM (29.5%). The mean age of the patients was 4.05 years, with 59.25% males and most patients having upper RTIs. Co-amoxiclav was prescribed twice daily for one to 15 days. A significantly lesser number of probiotic co-prescriptions were observed with Clamp® (19.57%) than with CAA (38.46%) and CAM (29.31%) at baseline (p<0.001). Similar findings were observed for follow-up visits one and two. Saccharomyces boulardii, Bacillus clausii,and lactic acid bacillus were the most commonly co-prescribed probiotics. The qualitative evaluation indicated that most clinicians were aware of the co-amoxiclav-related gastrointestinal side effects and the benefits of probiotics in preventing them. CONCLUSION The frequency of co-prescriptions of probiotics with Clamp® among pediatric patients with RTIs was significantly less, potentially indicating better gastrointestinal tolerability.
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De Simone C. The authenticity of probiotic foods and dietary supplements: facts and reflections from a court case. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2141344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio De Simone
- Infectious Diseases, University of L’Aquila (Italy), L’Aquila, Italy
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18
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Parents' Perspective on Probiotics in Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Survey. Zdr Varst 2022; 62:5-12. [PMID: 36694790 PMCID: PMC9837815 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The composition of the human gut microbiota, which can also be regulated by the consumption of probiotics, has a significant impact on host health. The main source of probiotics can be foods such as fermented foods, yogurts, fermented drinks and/or probiotic supplements. While parents play a critical role in ensuring the well-being of their children, this cross-sectional study is focused on parents' perspectives regarding the use of probiotics in the preschool period. Methods The self-administered online survey consisted of 24 questions arranged across two thematic sections. The final data analysis included 102 parents (96% F; 4% M), aged between 22 and 47. Their children were aged up to 6 years. Results The majority (52%) of the parents were familiar with the term 'probiotics' and 86.3% were including probiotics in their children's diet at the time of the survey. The main source was probiotic food (36.3%), of which yoghurt was the most commonly consumed (87.2%). The inclusion of probiotic supplements in a child's diet was positively correlated with parents' consumption and level of knowledge about the term 'probiotics'. Digestive tract-related disorders were the most frequently reported motive for the initial introduction of probiotics into children's diet. Conclusions Based on our study results, parents are familiar with probiotics and include them in their children's diet. However, an attempt should be made to close the gaps in parents' knowledge that our research identified. Further studies are needed to determine the recommended amount of probiotic foods, as well as strategies to educate parents about the benefits of including probiotic foods in their children's diet.
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Fernández-Alonso M, Aguirre Camorlinga A, Messiah SE, Marroquin E. Effect of adding probiotics to an antibiotic intervention on the human gut microbial diversity and composition: a systematic review. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Millions of antibiotic prescriptions are written annually in the USA.
Gap Statement. Probiotics reduce antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal side effects; however, the effect of probiotics on preserving gut microbial composition in response to antibiotics is not well understood.
Aim. To evaluate whether the addition of probiotics is capable of reverting the changes in alpha diversity and gut microbial composition commonly observed in adult participants receiving antibiotics.
Methodology. A search was conducted by two researchers following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Embase from January to December 2021 with the following inclusion criteria: (i) randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of antibiotics, probiotics or antibiotics+probiotics; (ii) 16S rRNA; (iii) adult participants; and (iv) in English. Once data was extracted in tables, a third researcher compared, evaluated and merged the collected data. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) rating system was utilized to analyse risk of bias.
Results. A total of 29 articles (n=11 antibiotics, n=11 probiotics and n=7 antibiotics+probiotics) met the inclusion criteria. The lack of standardization of protocols to analyse the gut microbial composition and the wide range of selected antibiotics/probiotics complicated data interpretation; however, despite these discrepancies, probiotic co-administration with antibiotics seemed to prevent some, but not all, of the gut microbial diversity and composition changes induced by antibiotics, including restoration of health-related bacteria such as
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
.
Conclusion. Addition of probiotics to antibiotic interventions seems to preserve alpha diversity and ameliorate the changes to gut microbial composition caused by antibiotic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Fernández-Alonso
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Sarah E. Messiah
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Marroquin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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20
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Role of Probiotics in Human Health. Cureus 2022; 14:e31313. [PMID: 36514580 PMCID: PMC9733784 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain bacteria, known as probiotics, have had a vastly beneficial effect on people's health; considering their benefits they have been mixed with a wide variety of foods for several decades now. The ability of probiotics to modify the immunological response of the host, antagonize pathogenic microbes, or compete for adhesion sites with pathogenic microorganisms is related to the action of probiotics against microorganisms. Infections of the digestive tract, irritable bowel, lactose intolerance, allergies, infections of the urogenital tract, cystic fibrosis, and various cancers can all be prevented and treated with the use of probiotics. They can reduce the side effects of various antibodies. In the field of oral health, dental caries, periodontal disease, and bad breath can be prevented and treated with the use of probiotics. The findings of several of these clinical studies indicate that probiotics may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of various diseases and health issues. Validation of a significant number of these clinical investigations is necessary before the results can be applied to the clinical setting. Clinical studies play an important part in such investigations, and in the not-too-distant future, the outcomes of such trials will determine whether or not probiotics are effective in the treatment of disease. This article will attempt to provide a summary of the available literature on the benefits that these probiotics have with regard to health and disease. Probiotics are foods and/or supplements that contain non-pathogenic microbes such as bacteria and yeast that colonize the gut and can potentially yield a variety of health benefits. Research into the various ways in which probiotic bacteria could be used in the treatment of intestinal disorders is ongoing. Thanks to clinical studies and laboratory experiments, we now know more about how probiotics affect gut microbiome disorders. Studies can prove that probiotics can alleviate a variety of gastrointestinal ailments and improve overall health. This article concentrates on probiotics and commensal microbes, as well as their potential role in gut microbiome-related illnesses. In this section, we mark certain areas that need further work and studies so as to enhance our understanding of how probiotics help in the treatment and reduction of chances of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Zawistowska-Rojek A, Kociszewska A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. New Potentially Probiotic Strains Isolated from Humans – Comparison of Properties with Strains from Probiotic Products and ATCC Collection. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:395-409. [DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are used in various types of probiotic products. Due to the constantly growing probiotics market, new strains with pro-health properties are sought. The present study compared 39 strains of Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus, isolated from probiotic products and healthy people. The current research aimed to search for new, potentially probiotic strains. For this purpose the relationship between Lactobacillaceae strains was carried out; moreover, the basic properties of probiotic microorganisms, such as survival at low pH and bile salt environment, antibiotic susceptibility, aggregation and antagonism were estimated. The properties of these isolates were also compared with the properties of probiotic strains from the ATCC collection. In comparing the genetic relationship (PFGE method) between the tested isolates, it was observed that some of them show a high degree of similarity. All tested strains tolerated an environment with a pH value of 3.0, and the addition of 0.3% bile salt; showed auto-aggregation properties and displayed antagonism against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the bacteria were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin; the resistance to vancomycin
depended on the bacteria type. All the properties were strain-depended. Most of the tested strains had properties comparable to the reference strains. Three L. acidophilus strains isolated from cervical swabs seem to be promising candidates for probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Rojek
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kociszewska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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22
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183726. [PMID: 36145102 PMCID: PMC9505003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiome on human health outcomes. To clarify the evidence for a link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and a variety of health outcomes in humans, we conducted an all-encompassing review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that included 195 meta-analyses containing 950 unique health outcomes. The gastrointestinal microbiome is related to mortality, gastrointestinal disease, immune and metabolic outcomes, neurological and psychiatric outcomes, maternal and infant outcomes, and other outcomes. Existing interventions for intestinal microbiota (such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, etc.) are generally safe and beneficial to a variety of human health outcomes, but the quality of evidence is not high, and more detailed and well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary.
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Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081450. [PMID: 36011108 PMCID: PMC9408191 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several communities have started using probiotic-rich fermented foods as therapeutic options with presumed medicinal powers. We now know the importance of microbiome balance and how probiotics can restore imbalances in the microbiome. Probiotics have been tested for a number of clinical uses such as the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), the treatment of various diseases such as H. pylori infection, irritable bowel disease, vaginitis, the prevention of allergies, and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. AAD has been the most indicated therapeutic use for probiotics. AAD is a common side effect of antibiotic usage, which affects up to 30% of patients. The hypothesis behind using probiotics for AAD is that they help normalize an unbalanced flora. There are many potential mechanisms by which probiotics support intestinal health such as (i) boosting immunity, (ii) increasing gut barrier integrity, (iii) producing antimicrobial substances, (iv) modulating the gut microbiome, (v) increasing water absorption, and (vi) decreasing opportunistic pathogens. Many randomized-controlled trials including the strain-specific trials that use Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces and meta-analyses have shown the benefits of probiotics in addressing AAD. Although adverse events have been reported for probiotics, these are broadly considered to be a safe and inexpensive preventative treatment option for AAD and other gastrointestinal disorders.
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Lactic Acid Bacteria in Raw-Milk Cheeses: From Starter Cultures to Probiotic Functions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152276. [PMID: 35954043 PMCID: PMC9368153 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cheeses produced from raw milk exhibit a complex microbiota, characterized by a sequence of different microorganisms from milk coagulation and throughout maturation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in traditional cheese making, either as starter cultures that cause the rapid acidification of milk or as secondary microbiota that play an important role during cheese ripening. The enzymes produced by such dynamic LAB communities in raw milk are crucial, since they support proteolysis and lipolysis as chief drivers of flavor and texture of cheese. Recently, several LAB species have been characterized and used as probiotics that successfully promote human health. This review highlights the latest trends encompassing LAB acting in traditional raw milk cheeses (from cow, sheep, and goat milk), and their potential as probiotics and producers of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects.
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25
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Chen B, Li XM, Cai T, Wang F. Short-term and long-term alterations of gastrointestinal microbiota with different H. pylori eradication regimens: A meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and AimsThe impacts of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on the gastrointestinal microbiota are controversial, and whether the short-term and long-term changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota following different eradication regimens are consistent remains inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the effects of various eradication regimens on the gastrointestinal microflora at follow-up evaluations within 7 days, at 1–3 months, and over 6 months changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota.Materials and MethodsStudies reported on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrails.gov databases before March 2022 were collected. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1. The tool of the Cochrane Collaboration to assess the risk of bias was suitable for randomized controlled trials with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for nonrandomized controlled trials. In addition, the process was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.ResultsAfter a series of rigorous screenings, a total of 34 articles with 1,204 participants were included for this review analysis. The results showed changes in the gut microflora at the phylum level or the family and genus levels. After metronidazole-containing triple therapy, the number of Enterobacteriaceae increased at 1–3 months follow-up. After Metronidazole-free triple therapy, Actinobacteria decreased significantly, and this trend lasted for more than 6 months. Within 7 days after eradication treatment, the follow-up results showed a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus. After Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, the changes in Actinobacteria fluctuated with the follow-up time. The changes in Proteobacteria showed a downward trend lasting for 1–3 months after eradication but returned to baseline levels over 6 months after eradication. Subgroup analyses indicated that host age could influence changes in the gut microbiota.ConclusionDifferent eradication regimens had varied effects on the short-term and long-term abundance of the gastrointestinal microbiota, but the decreasing trend of the microbiota diversity was the same for all regimens at the short-term follow-up. This study summarizes the changes of gut microbiota at different stages after different eradication regimens and hope to provide some references for supplementing probiotics, while further studies is needed to support these findings.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021292726
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van der Geest AM, Schukking I, Brummer RJM, van de Burgwal LHM, Larsen OFA. Comparing probiotic and drug interventions in irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:183-194. [PMID: 35848115 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical decisions made by health professionals to recommend either drug or probiotic interventions for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should be supported by proper knowledge of the efficacy rates of both types of interventions. In this article, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of both probiotic- and drug interventions in IBS. Medline was searched between January 2015 - January 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) recruiting participants > 18 years old with IBS and examining the effect of probiotics or drugs were eligible for inclusion. The data of the primary outcome, i.e. the persistence of IBS symptoms (dichotomous symptom data), were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Secondary outcomes, abdominal pain- and bloating scores (continuous data), were pooled using a standardised mean difference with a 95% CI. The search identified 269 citations of which 32 RCTs were eligible. Our meta-analysis indicated that both probiotic and drug interventions are able to improve the persistence of IBS symptoms (RR 0.60 [0.51; 0.92] versus 0.87 [0.81; 0.92], respectively) and abdominal pain scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.35 [-0.56; -0.14] versus -0.10 [-0.20; 0.00], respectively). However, determining the overall efficacy of both intervention types is inherently complex and such results should be interpreted with care, due to the large diversity of probiotic- and drug types and doses, which is also complicated by variety in IBS subtypes. Hence, as a first step, more large scale randomised double blind placebo-controlled trials focussing on a specific IBS subtype targeted with specific probiotic strains or specific pharmaceutical modalities should be executed, enabling a more proper comparison between trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M van der Geest
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Schukking
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J M Brummer
- Örebro University, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - L H M van de Burgwal
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - O F A Larsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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27
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Zhang L, Zeng X, Guo D, Zou Y, Gan H, Huang X. Early use of probiotics might prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in elderly (>65 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:562. [PMID: 35794520 PMCID: PMC9260993 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is diarrhea associated with consuming antibiotics that cannot be explained by other causes. AAD prolongs admission time and increases mortality and financial costs. Elderly individuals are more prone to receive antibiotic treatment and develop AAD. The finding that living probiotic microorganisms decrease AAD incidence in adults (<65 years) has been clarified. However, it is controversial among elderly individuals. Methods We aimed to explore whether probiotics could prevent AAD in elderly individuals. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library), and two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies. RevMan5.4 software was used to perform a meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results Eight RCTs of 4691 participants were included. We excluded two large studies because probiotics were used 48 hours after the first dose of antibiotics, and there was no effect. Subgroup analysis of 6 RCTs showed that probiotics given within two days of antibiotic treatment produced a lower AAD prevalence rate in elderly individuals. Conclusion We recommend that elderly individuals could be routinely distributed probiotics to prevent AAD development when receiving antibiotic treatment. Trial registration The review was not registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03257-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daxin Guo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yupei Zou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huatian Gan
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Laboratory of Inflammatory bowel disease, the Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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28
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Targeting the Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity with a Bacilli-Species Probiotic during Antibiotic Exposure in Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061178. [PMID: 35744696 PMCID: PMC9228267 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is necessary for the treatment of bacterial infections; however, it can also disrupt the balance and function of commensal gut microbes and negatively affect the host. Probiotics have been tested as a means to counteract the negative effects of antibiotic therapy, but many probiotics are also likely destroyed by antibiotics when taken together. Here we aimed to test the efficacy of a non-pathogenic spore-forming Bacillus-species containing a probiotic blend provided during antibiotic therapy on host immune defenses in mice. Mice were exposed to antibiotics and supplemented with or without the probiotic blend and compared to control mice. Fecal and cecal contents were analyzed for gut microbes, and intestinal tissue was tested for the expression of key enzymes involved in vitamin A metabolism, serum amyloid A, and inflammatory markers in the intestine. The probiotic blend protected against antibiotic-induced overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria and gammaproteobacteria in the cecum which correlated with host immune responses. Regional responses in mRNA expression of enzymes involved with vitamin A metabolism occurred between antibiotic groups, and intestinal inflammatory markers were mitigated with the probiotic blend. These data suggest prophylactic supplementation with a spore-forming Bacillus-containing probiotic may protect against antibiotic-induced dysregulation of host immune responses.
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29
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Xu B, Liang S, Zhao J, Li X, Guo J, Xin B, Li B, Huo G, Ma W. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 improves antibiotic-related diarrhea by alleviating inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating intestinal flora. Food Funct 2022; 13:6404-6418. [PMID: 35616024 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect during antibiotic treatment. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 on mouse diarrhea caused by antibiotic-induced intestinal flora disturbance. Then, two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 were administered to AAD mice. We found that the recovery effect of using B. lactis XLTG11 was better than that of B. lactis BB-12. B. lactis XLTG11 reduced the pathological characteristics of the intestinal tract, and significantly reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), D-lactic acid (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) to decrease intestinal permeability. In addition, these two strains significantly increased the expression of aquaporin and tight junction proteins, and inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, after treatment with B. lactis XLTG11, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. Compared with the MC group, B. lactis XLTG11 increased the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora and changed the composition of the intestinal flora. We found that B. lactis XLTG11 can promote the recovery of intestinal flora and mucosal barrier function, thereby effectively improving AAD-related symptoms, providing a scientific basis for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuetong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiayao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Genetic and Metabolic Engineering of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin 150000, China.
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Bryan NS, Burleigh MC, Easton C. The oral microbiome, nitric oxide and exercise performance. Nitric Oxide 2022; 125-126:23-30. [PMID: 35636654 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome comprises ∼1013-1014 microbial cells which form a symbiotic relationship with the host and play a critical role in the regulation of human metabolism. In the oral cavity, several species of bacteria are capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite; a key precursor of the signaling molecule nitric oxide. Nitric oxide has myriad physiological functions, which include the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and the regulation of acute and chronic responses to exercise. This article provides a brief narrative review of the research that has explored how diversity and plasticity of the oral microbiome influences nitric oxide bioavailability and related physiological outcomes. There is unequivocal evidence that dysbiosis (e.g. through disease) or disruption (e.g. by use of antiseptic mouthwash or antibiotics) of the oral microbiota will suppress nitric oxide production via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway and negatively impact blood pressure. Conversely, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that proliferation of nitrate-reducing bacteria via the diet or targeted probiotics can augment nitric oxide production and improve markers of oral health. Despite this, it is yet to be established whether purposefully altering the oral microbiome can have a meaningful impact on exercise performance. Future research should determine whether alterations to the composition and metabolic activity of bacteria in the mouth influence the acute responses to exercise and the physiological adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Bryan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mia C Burleigh
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Chris Easton
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK.
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31
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Gupta A, Gupta AK, Meena JP, Khan MA, Agarwala A, Seth R. A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Examining the Benefit of a Neutropenic Diet for Children Undergoing Cancer Treatment. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2930-2936. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2044060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Meena
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Agarwala
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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32
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Shu G, Li B, Dai C, Chen L, Yang X, Lei Z, Zhang M, Guo Y. Preparation of Saccharomyces boulardii powder by spray drying: thermoprotectants optimization and stability evaluation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1078-1086. [PMID: 35108154 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2028638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii as the probiotic yeast was widely used in the pharmaceutical, feed and food industries. The influence of skim milk, gelatin, and carbohydrates on the heat resistance of S. boulardii is explored in the article. Response surface methodology was effectively applied to optimize the thermoprotectant composition for S. boulardii during spray-drying. The accelerated test is applied to evaluate its the subsequent storage stability. The results show that the thermoprotectants composition was comprehensively optimized such as: 15.12% skim milk, 1.81% gelatin, and 9.73% trehalose. The highest viability was 17.77%, which was basically the same as the predicted value of 18.21%. The inactivation rate constant of spray-dried powder was k-18 = 1.04 × 10-5 h-1, the quantity of viable cells stored at this temperature for 1 and 10 years was 8.25 × 108 CFU/g and 1.25 × 108 CFU/g, separately. This work provides a thermoprotectants formula for the S. boulardii during the spray drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Bohao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunji Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangteng Lei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Depatment of Research and Development, Shaanxi Yatai Dairy Co., Ltd, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Depatment of Research and Development, Shaanxi Yatai Dairy Co., Ltd, Xianyang, China
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33
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Bacteria and bacterial derivatives as delivery carriers for immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114085. [PMID: 34933064 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of microorganisms in human health and disease, with evidence showing that new types of biotherapy using engineered bacterial therapeutics, including bacterial derivatives, can address specific mechanisms of disease. The complex interactions between microorganisms and metabolic/immunologic pathways underlie many diseases with unmet medical needs, suggesting that targeting these interactions may improve patient treatment. Using tools from synthetic biology and chemical engineering, non-pathogenic bacteria or bacterial products can be programmed and designed to sense and respond to environmental signals to deliver therapeutic effectors. This review describes current progress in biotherapy using live bacteria and their derivatives to achieve therapeutic benefits against various diseases.
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34
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Islam MI, Seo H, Redwan A, Kim S, Lee S, Siddiquee M, Song HY. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti- Clostridioides difficile Effect of a Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:46-55. [PMID: 34675143 PMCID: PMC9628829 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-mediated intestinal diseases and is a growing global public health concern. Overuse of antibiotics and their effect on normal intestinal flora has increased the incidence and severity of infections. Thus, the development of new, effective, and safe treatment options is a high priority. Here, we report a new probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA PMC-80), and its in vitro/in vivo anti-C. difficile effect as a prospective novel candidate for replacing conventional antibiotics. BA PMC-80 showed a significant anti-C. difficile effect in coculture assay, and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) also exhibited a considerable anti-C. difficile effect with an 89.06 μg/ml 50% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth microdilution assay. The CFS was stable and equally functional under different pHs, heat, and proteinase treatments. It also exhibited a high sensitivity against current antibiotics and no toxicity in subchronic toxicity testing in hamsters. Finally, BA PMC-80 showed a moderate effect in a hamster CDI model with reduced infection severity and delayed death. However, further studies are required to optimize the treatment condition of the hamster CDI model for better efficacy and identify the antimicrobial compound produced by BA PMC-80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imtiazul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Redwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mashuk Siddiquee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-570-2412 Fax: +82-41-577-2415 E-mail:
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Abstract
Identifying ways to deal with the challenges presented by aging is an urgent task, as we are facing an aging society. External factors such as diet, exercise and drug therapy have proven to be major elements in controlling healthy aging and prolonging life expectancy. More recently, the intestinal microbiota has also become a key factor in the anti-aging process. As the intestinal microbiota changes with aging, an imbalance in intestinal microorganisms can lead to many age-related degenerative diseases and unhealthy aging. This paper reviews recent research progress on the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and anti-aging effects, focusing on the changes and beneficial effects of intestinal microorganisms under dietary intervention, exercise and drug intervention. In addition, bacteriotherapy has been used to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. Most of these anti-aging approaches improve the aging process and age-related diseases by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora and promoting a healthy intestinal environment. Intervention practices based on intestinal microorganisms show great potential in the field of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Du
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,CONTACT Mingyao Yang Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan611130, P. R. China
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36
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Guslandi M. Probiotics and intestinal health. PROBIOTICS 2022:343-353. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85170-1.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abu-Humaidan AHA, Alrawabdeh JA, Theeb LS, Hamadneh YI, Omari MB. Evaluating Knowledge of Human Microbiota among University Students in Jordan, an Online Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13324. [PMID: 34948933 PMCID: PMC8708365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human microbiota have a significant impact on the health of individuals, and reciprocally, lifestyle choices of individuals have an important effect on the diversity and composition of microbiota. Studies assessing microbiota knowledge among the public are lacking, although it is hypothesized that this knowledge can motivate healthier behavior. Hence, this study aimed to measure microbiota knowledge among university students, and the effect of this knowledge on behavioral beliefs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students from various fields of study enrolled at the University of Jordan, using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: demographics, general knowledge of microbiota, and behavioral beliefs related to microbiota. Four hundred and two responses were collected from verified university students. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they took a formal microbiology course (45 h) or not. Results from those two groups were compared using appropriate statistical methods. Results showed that most participants, even those who did not take a formal microbiology course, displayed good knowledge of what microbiota is and how they can be influenced by personal and environmental factors. Participants who took a microbiology course had significantly higher microbiota knowledge scores and were more aware of the effect of antibiotics on microbiota. Participants' behavioral beliefs regarding their antibiotic use, but not their diet and lifestyle choices, were affected by their knowledge of microbiota. The study indicates that disseminating knowledge regarding microbiota and microbiology in general, can improve behaviors related to antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Jawad A. Alrawabdeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Laith S. Theeb
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Yazan I. Hamadneh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Mohammad B. Omari
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
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Kasti AN, Synodinou KD, Pyrousis IA, Nikolaki MD, Triantafyllou KD. Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2376. [PMID: 34835501 PMCID: PMC8624812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system as a response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Many studies have revealed various regulators of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, while it has been recently shown that NLRP3 is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. At the same time, probiotics counteract the inflammatory process and modulate cytokine release, thus influencing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Herein, we review the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics on the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the use of probiotic bacteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection management, presenting evidence from preclinical studies of the last decade: in vivo, ex vivo, and mixed trials. Data show that probiotics intake is related to NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and lower levels of inflammation markers, highlighting the beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammatory conditions. Currently, none of the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics intake in humans with COVID-19 has been completed. However, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through their metabolites, bacteriocins, and their ability to block Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. In this review, the beneficial effects of probiotics in the inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation are presented. Furthermore, probiotics may target SARS-CoV-2 both by blocking virus invasion and replication and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Heterogeneity of the results-due to, among others, different bacterial strains and their metabolites, forms, dosage, and experimental designs-indicates the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Kalliopi D. Synodinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Ioannis A. Pyrousis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Konstantinos D. Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Lazebnik LB, Sarsenbaeva AS, Avalueva EB, Oreshko LS, Sitkin SI, Golovanova EV, Turkina SV, Khlynova OV, Sagalova OI, Mironchev OV. Clinical guidelines “Chronic diarrhea in adults”. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:7-67. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-188-4-7-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Lazebnik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | | | - E. B. Avalueva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - L. S. Oreshko
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North- Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation;
Federal State Budgetary Institution “Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E. V. Golovanova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation
| | - S. V. Turkina
- State-funded Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education “Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation”
| | - O. V. Khlynova
- Perm State Medical University named after academician E. A. Vagner Ministry of Health care of Russia
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Rajput S, Paliwal D, Naithani M, Kothari A, Meena K, Rana S. COVID-19 and Gut Microbiota: A Potential Connection. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:266-277. [PMID: 33495676 PMCID: PMC7818076 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, world is facing a global outbreak causing a pandemic threat known as COVID-19. This infectious disease is triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Gut microbiota harbours multi species community with a strong impact on host immune homeostasis. However, our knowledge about this gut microbiota and its symbiotic relationship with immune activation in association with SARS-CoV-2 is limited. Unbalanced bacterial flora with too many opportunistic infections can shift immune system towards a cascade of inflammatory responses leading to multi organ damage. This review will highlight immune-regulation via various mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diet has an unbelievable influence on gut microbiome that allows a new state of homeostasis to be reached through timing, frequency and duration of intake. This review article focuses on gut, lung microbiota and immunomodulation with specific attention on immune activation by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Rajput
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India
| | - Deepanshu Paliwal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India
| | - Aashish Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Kiran Meena
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India
| | - Satyavati Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India
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Young RB, Marcelino VR, Chonwerawong M, Gulliver EL, Forster SC. Key Technologies for Progressing Discovery of Microbiome-Based Medicines. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:685935. [PMID: 34239510 PMCID: PMC8258393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.685935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of experimental and computational approaches are illuminating the “microbial dark matter” and uncovering the integral role of commensal microbes in human health. Through this work, it is now clear that the human microbiome presents great potential as a therapeutic target for a plethora of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity. The development of more efficacious and targeted treatments relies on identification of causal links between the microbiome and disease; with future progress dependent on effective links between state-of-the-art sequencing approaches, computational analyses and experimental assays. We argue determining causation is essential, which can be attained by generating hypotheses using multi-omic functional analyses and validating these hypotheses in complex, biologically relevant experimental models. In this review we discuss existing analysis and validation methods, and propose best-practice approaches required to enable the next phase of microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy B Young
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Marcelino
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily L Gulliver
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel C Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Ailioaie LM, Litscher G. Probiotics, Photobiomodulation, and Disease Management: Controversies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094942. [PMID: 34066560 PMCID: PMC8124384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, researchers around the world have been studying intensively how micro-organisms that are present inside living organisms could affect the main processes of life, namely health and pathological conditions of mind or body. They discovered a relationship between the whole microbial colonization and the initiation and development of different medical disorders. Besides already known probiotics, novel products such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have been developed in recent years to create new non-viable micro-organisms or bacterial-free extracts, which can provide benefits to the host with additional bioactivity to probiotics, but without the risk of side effects. The best alternatives in the use of probiotics and postbiotics to maintain the health of the intestinal microbiota and to prevent the attachment of pathogens to children and adults are highlighted and discussed as controversies and challenges. Updated knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the balance between microbiota and immune system for the introspection on the gut-lung-brain axis could reveal the latest benefits and perspectives of applied photobiomics for health. Multiple interconditioning between photobiomodulation (PBM), probiotics, and the human microbiota, their effects on the human body, and their implications for the management of viral infectious diseases is essential. Coupled complex PBM and probiotic interventions can control the microbiome, improve the activity of the immune system, and save the lives of people with immune imbalances. There is an urgent need to seek and develop innovative treatments to successfully interact with the microbiota and the human immune system in the coronavirus crisis. In the near future, photobiomics and metabolomics should be applied innovatively in the SARS-CoV-2 crisis (to study and design new therapies for COVID-19 immediately), to discover how bacteria can help us through adequate energy biostimulation to combat this pandemic, so that we can find the key to the hidden code of communication between RNA viruses, bacteria, and our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Ultramedical & Laser Clinic, 83 Arcu Street, 700135 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
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Saettone V, Biasato I, Radice E, Schiavone A, Bergero D, Meineri G. State-of-the-Art of the Nutritional Alternatives to the Use of Antibiotics in Humans and Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122199. [PMID: 33255356 PMCID: PMC7759783 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibiotic resistance represents a worldwide recognized issue affecting both human and veterinary medicine, with a particular focus being directed towards monogastric animals destined for human consumption. This scenario is the result of frequent utilization of the antibiotics either for therapeutic purposes (humans and animals) or as growth promoters (farmed animals). Therefore, the search for nutritional alternatives has progressively been the object of significant efforts by the scientific community. So far, probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics are considered the most promising products, as they are capable of preventing or treating gastrointestinal diseases as well as restoring a eubiosis condition after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis development. This review provides an updated state-of-the-art of these nutritional alternatives in both humans and monogastric animals. Abstract In recent years, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been perpetrated across human medicine, animals destined for zootechnical productions and companion animals. Apart from increasing the resistance rate of numerous microorganisms and generating multi-drug resistance (MDR), the nonrational administration of antibiotics causes sudden changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota such as dysbiotic phenomena that can have a great clinical significance for both humans and animals. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art of alternative therapies to the use of antibiotics and their effectiveness in humans and monogastric animals (poultry, pigs, fish, rabbits, dogs and cats). In particular, those molecules (probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics) which have a direct function on the gastrointestinal health are herein critically analysed in the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal diseases or dysbiosis induced by the consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Saettone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Radice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
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Byrne DF, Geraghty AA, Yelverton CA, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. The impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolic health in healthy women of reproductive age: a systematic review. Food Funct 2020; 11:10279-10289. [PMID: 33174573 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Products containing probiotics are targeted at healthy or at-risk individuals as a preventative measure to minimise disease risk. Most studies assessing the efficacy of probiotics in humans include a mixture of healthy and unhealthy populations, while studies that focus solely on female populations are largely limited to pregnancy or those with health conditions. Pre-conception is a significant time-point during the life-course, and improving female health status during this period may positively influence future offspring. The objective of this review is to assess the effect of probiotics administered in oral capsule formulation, on metabolic and immune markers in healthy, non-pregnant women of reproductive age. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. English language articles relating to randomised-controlled trials were included. The search returned 3250 publications after duplicates were removed. Title (2516), abstract (642), and full text (87) screening excluded 3993 studies from consideration. Five papers were identified with outcomes of interest, and analysis of these showed no conclusive evidence that probiotic capsule supplementation elicited positive effects in this healthy population. This study highlights the need for further research to investigate the role that probiotics play during the pre-conception period, on female metabolic and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Hu JS, Huang YY, Kuang JH, Yu JJ, Zhou QY, Liu DM. Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 Promotes Recovery in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111650. [PMID: 33114373 PMCID: PMC7693992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common side effect of antibiotics and is routinely treated with probiotics in clinical. Streptococcus thermophiles, extensively utilized for producing dairy foods, has recently been regarded as a new promising probiotic candidate. In this study, the efficacy of Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 (DMST-H2) for AAD treatment in mice was investigated. DMST-H2 was isolated from Chinese traditional yogurt, proved to be non-toxic, and presented tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed that it possessed genes related to acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, oxidative stress and bacteriocin production. The animal experiment results showed that both DMST-H2 treatment and natural recovery could reduce fecal water content. Compared with spontaneous recovery, DMST-H2 accelerated the recovery of the enlarged caecum and intestinal barrier injury from AAD, and further decreased endotoxin (ET), D-lactate (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) content in serum. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) were reduced, while interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) increased after treating with DMST-H2. Furthermore, DMST-H2 better restored the structure of intestinal flora. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased. These findings indicate that DMST-H2 could promote recovery in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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Principi N, Gnocchi M, Gagliardi M, Argentiero A, Neglia C, Esposito S. Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection and Associated Diarrhea: An Unsolved Problem. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1640. [PMID: 33114040 PMCID: PMC7690700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, it has been known that Clostridium difficile (CD) is the primary cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhea, afflicting approximately 1% of hospitalized patients. CD may be simply carried or lead to a mild disease, but in a relevant number of patients, it can cause a very severe, potentially fatal, disease. In this narrative review, the present possibilities of CD infection (CDI) prevention will be discussed. Interventions usually recommended for infection control and prevention can be effective in reducing CDI incidence. However, in order to overcome limitations of these measures and reduce the risk of new CDI episodes, novel strategies have been developed. As most of the cases of CDI follow antibiotic use, attempts to rationalize antibiotic prescriptions have been implemented. Moreover, to reconstitute normal gut microbiota composition and suppress CD colonization in patients given antimicrobial drugs, administration of probiotics has been suggested. Finally, active and passive immunization has been studied. Vaccines containing inactivated CD toxins or components of CD spores have been studied. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies against CD toxins or the administration of hyperimmune whey derived from colostrum or breast milk from immunized cows has been tried. However, most advanced methods have significant limitations as they cannot prevent colonization and development of primary CDI. Only the availability of vaccines able to face these problems can allow a resolutive approach to the total burden due to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Gnocchi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.G.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Martina Gagliardi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.G.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.G.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Cosimo Neglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.G.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (C.N.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.G.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (C.N.)
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Aponte M, Murru N, Shoukat M. Therapeutic, Prophylactic, and Functional Use of Probiotics: A Current Perspective. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562048. [PMID: 33042069 PMCID: PMC7516994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as the twenty-first century panpharmacon due to their competent remedial power to cure from gastrointestinal dysbiosis, systematic metabolic diseases, and genetic impairments up to complicated neurodegenerative disorders. They paved the way for an innovative managing of various severe diseases through palatable food products. The probiotics' role as a "bio-therapy" increased their significance in food and medicine due to many competitive advantages over traditional treatment therapies. Their prophylactic and therapeutic potential has been assessed through hundreds of preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, the food industry employs probiotics as functional and nutraceutical ingredients to enhance the added value of food product in terms of increased health benefits. However, regardless of promising health-boosting effects, the probiotics' efficacy still needs an in-depth understanding of systematic mechanisms and factors supporting the healthy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aponte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mahtab Shoukat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Wu J, Gan T, Zhang Y, Xia G, Deng S, Lv X, Zhang B, Lv B. The prophylactic effects of BIFICO on the antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and gut microbiota. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:41. [PMID: 32944084 PMCID: PMC7488247 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the prophylactic effects of probiotic mixture BIFICO on antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis (AIGD) and the influence on the change of the gut microbiota. Methods We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study and divided 196 patients who required intravenous beta-lactam antibiotics into three groups: a control group (no probiotics), a regular group (840 mg of BIFICO), and a double-dosage group (1680 mg of BIFICO). The symptoms of antibiotic-related diarrhea, bloating and abdominal pain and the incidence of AIGD were evaluated 7 days and 8–14 days after antibiotic use, with 10 patients in each group. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to detect changes of the gut microbiota. Results Within 7 days of the initiation of antibiotic treatment, the incidences of AIGD in the control group, regular group (840 mg of BIFICO), and double-dosage group (1680 mg of BIFICO) were 21.88%, 14.93%, and 6.15% respectively. On days of 8–14th, the incidences of AIGD in the control group, regular group, and double-dosage group were 25%, 14.93%, and 4.62%, respectively. The incidence of AIGD in the double-dosage group within 7 days and 14 days were both significantly lower than that in relevant control group (P < 0.05). On day 14, the incidence of AIGD in the double-dosage group was lower than that in the regular group (P < 0.05). The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the control group after antibiotic treatment was significantly reduced compared to that prior to treatment, while those of the regular and double-dosage groups were stable. The species abundance, especially Parabacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium and Roseburia, of the double-dosage group was greater than that of the regular group and the control group. Conclusions BIFICO may reduce the occurrence of AIGD in a dose-dependent manner and can stabilize the gut microbiota balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannong Wu
- Department of Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tieer Gan
- Department of Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guolian Xia
- Department of Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Pneumology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Fuyang District People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Youdian RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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Sağlam H, Karahan AG. Plasmid stability of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains in artificial gastric juice, at elevated temperature, and in the presence of novobiocin and acriflavine. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:183-191. [PMID: 32803345 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of plasmids responsible for carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance and the stability of these plasmids in artificial gastric juice were investigated in 20 Lactobacillus plantarum strains with probiotic properties. Plasmid curing was performed with novobiocin, acriflavine and elevated incubation temperature to identify plasmids encoded with carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance genes and to compare them with artificial gastric juice. Plasmid profiling of the strains revealed that 100% of the strains were harbouring plasmids in varying sizes and numbers. The plasmid number of the potential probiotic strains ranged between 1 and 4, and the plasmid size ranged between 5.779 and 16.138 kb. The potential probiotic strains could not survive in the artificial gastric juice at pH 2.0. Although the strains maintained their viability in an artificial gastric juice at pH 2.5 and 3.0, and their derivatives lost their plasmids at a high rate (100%). Similarly, high levels of cured derivatives were obtained with 8 µg/mL novobiocin and 100 µg/mL acriflavine applications, and 24 h incubation at 43 °C. All the experiments were also performed to compare with two L. plantarum-type strains containing plasmids responsible for tetracycline and tetracycline + erythromycin resistances. Artificial gastric juice and other plasmid curing treatments caused a high-frequency loss in the antibiotic resistances of type strains. Determining plasmid stability in artificial gastric juice is a novel approach. Plasmid stability in the gastrointestinal tract is important for maintaining the plasmid-encoded probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sağlam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - A G Karahan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Targeting Gut Microbial Biofilms-A Key to Hinder Colon Carcinogenesis? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082272. [PMID: 32823729 PMCID: PMC7465663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health issue which poses a substantial humanistic and economic burden on patients, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, intestinal dysbiosis has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC, with specific pathogens exhibiting oncogenic potentials such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis having been found to contribute to CRC development. More recently, it has been shown that initiation of CRC development by these microorganisms requires the formation of biofilms. Gut microbial biofilm forms in the inner colonic mucus layer and is composed of polymicrobial communities. Biofilm results in the redistribution of colonic epithelial cell E-cadherin, increases permeability of the gut and causes a loss of function of the intestinal barrier, all of which enhance intestinal dysbiosis. This literature review aims to compile the various strategies that target these pathogenic biofilms and could potentially play a role in the prevention of CRC. We explore the potential use of natural products, silver nanoparticles, upconverting nanoparticles, thiosalicylate complexes, anti-rheumatic agent (Auranofin), probiotics and quorum-sensing inhibitors as strategies to hinder colon carcinogenesis via targeting colon-associated biofilms.
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