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Amato A. Oral Microbiota, Bacterial Infections, Antibiotic Prescriptions, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Children. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1927. [PMID: 37630487 PMCID: PMC10456895 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity hosts the second most diverse microbial community, over 700 bacterial taxa, with the human gut having the widest diversity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Słotwińska-Pawlaczyk A, Orzechowska-Wylęgała B, Latusek K, Roszkowska AM. Analysis of the Clinical Status and Treatment of Facial Cellulitis of Odontogenic Origin in Pediatric Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4874. [PMID: 36981782 PMCID: PMC10049628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of the development of odontogenic infection is untreated dental caries, which initially leads to pulpitis. If an odontogenic infection is left untreated, it will pass through the limiting bone plate and will infiltrate deeper structures. Odontogenic infections are different in adults and children. The study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Pediatric Head and Neck Surgery of Upper Silesian Children's Health Center in Katowice in the 2020-2022. We included 27 patients aged 2-16 in the study. Patients were diagnosed with an active, acute odontogenic inflammatory process in the head and neck area. We assessed pain, trismus, extraoral and intraoral swelling and the level of CRP [C Reactive Protein], WBC [White Blood Cells], NLR [Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio], D-dimers and Prealbumins. The results were analyzed in terms of the location of the source of inflammation: maxilla or mandible and the type of source of infection: deciduous tooth or permanent tooth. Deciduous teeth are more often the cause of odontogenic infection in the maxilla, while permanent teeth in the mandible. Trismus, extraoral, and intraoral swelling occurred in all infections caused by permanent teeth. The CRP and NLR ratio is statistically higher in infection, which originates from permanent teeth. The mean hospitalization time was also longer for infections from permanent teeth 3.42 days than for deciduous teeth 2.2 days. The varied clinical picture of odontogenic infections in children requires periodic analyzes of statistical data related to epidemiology, etiology, and symptomatology in order to update diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Słotwińska-Pawlaczyk
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chairs of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusława Orzechowska-Wylęgała
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chairs of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Latusek
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chairs of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Roszkowska
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Nassif N, Noueiri B. Antibiotic Prescription for Dental Procedures in Type 1 Diabetic Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:60-63. [PMID: 37020756 PMCID: PMC10067975 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible is an objective in dental management especially in pediatric ones. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes are at greater risk of developing infections. Therefore, the prescription of antibiotics may be necessary for some dental procedures. Aim The aim is to optimize the benefit and minimize the risk of antibiotics in dental treatments performed in diabetic children. Materials and methods A cross-sectional approach was conducted on 155 type 1 diabetic children (72 controlled and 83 uncontrolled). The types of dental acts held for the study were pulpotomies, pulpectomies, pediatric crowns, scaling, and extraction. For the balanced diabetic patients, no antibiotics were prescribed except for infected teeth. In the unbalanced diabetic group, for the acts causing bleeding, prophylactic antibiotics were administered. In presence of dental infection, antibiotics were administered for at least 5 days. Results The analysis of data was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Computer Software (SPSS 21.0, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). A probability value of <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Around 126 acts in the balanced group and 145 in the unbalanced ones were performed. In balanced diabetic children, 125 successes and one failure were noted. In the unbalanced group, 142 successes and three failures were recorded. The comparison between variables did not show any statistical significance (p-value = 0.382). Conclusion This study demonstrated that working with diabetic young patients is possible and safe as long as some measures are considered. It is crucial to identify the dental acts that necessitate antibiotics administration and to differentiate between balanced and unbalanced diabetic children for the same dental procedure. How to cite this article Nassif N, Noueiri B. Antibiotic Prescription for Dental Procedures in Type 1 Diabetic Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):60-63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Nassif
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Balsam Noueiri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Guo S, He Y, Zhu Y, Tang Y, Yu B. Combatting Antibiotic Resistance Using Supramolecular Assemblies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070804. [PMID: 35890105 PMCID: PMC9322166 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has posed a great threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has always outpaced the development of new antibiotics, and the investment in the development of new antibiotics is diminishing. Supramolecular self-assembly of the conventional antibacterial agents has been proved to be a promising and versatile strategy to tackle the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. In this review, the recent development of antibacterial agents based on supramolecular self-assembly strategies will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710100, China;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yuling He
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710100, China;
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710100, China;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Y.T.); (B.Y.)
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Hashem D, Abu Hammad O, Farran J, Faran A, Odeh ND. Perspectives on Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study among Parents of Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries.
Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated with caries knowledge scores.
Results:
There was a total of 2690 respondents. The majority had average caries knowledge scores. Lighter shades of tooth discoloration were reported to be associated with stains and warranted home care only, while darker shades were associated with caries and yielded a necessity for a visit to the dentist. Different socio-demographic variables had an effect on the caries knowledge of the parents.
Conclusion:
There is a need for increased knowledge about the early signs of dental caries among parents. Delayed recognition of signs of dental caries has a detrimental effect on the teeth of children and leads to seeking dental care at the later stages of the disease process. Community-oriented programs are fundamental for improving caries knowledge, its clinical presentations starting from its early signs, causes, and prevention.
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Hashem D, Abu Hammad O, Farran J, Faran A, Odeh ND. Perspectives on Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study among Parents of Primary School Children in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-2201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting many people worldwide. Many people do not recognize the early signs of dental caries or its causes, which is crucial for the prevention and early intervention of the disease and consequently less-invasive and cheaper treatment options.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives of parents about the meaning, causes, and early signs of dental caries, the association of tooth discoloration with decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables on the knowledge of patients regarding caries.
Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children in the region of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Meaning of dental caries, early signs, causes of tooth discoloration related to decay, and the effect of different socio-demographic variables were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify significant predictor variables associated with caries knowledge scores.
Results:
There was a total of 2690 respondents. The majority had average caries knowledge scores. Lighter shades of tooth discoloration were reported to be associated with stains and warranted home care only, while darker shades were associated with caries and yielded a necessity for a visit to the dentist. Different socio-demographic variables had an effect on the caries knowledge of the parents.
Conclusion:
There is a need for increased knowledge about the early signs of dental caries among parents. Delayed recognition of signs of dental caries has a detrimental effect on the teeth of children and leads to seeking dental care at the later stages of the disease process. Community-oriented programs are fundamental for improving caries knowledge, its clinical presentations starting from its early signs, causes, and prevention.
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Dar-Odeh N, Bobamuratova DT, Alnazzawi A, Babkair H, Jambi S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. Jaw-related complications in COVID-19 patients; a systematic review. Cranio 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35083956 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to highlight jaw-related complications in COVID-19 manifestations, their etiology, and prevention methods. METHODS A systematic review of literature was conducted. MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for the following keywords: "COVID-19" "Oral manifestations", "Musculoskeletal patients", "Mandible", "Jaw", "Osteonecrosis", "MRONJ", and "dry socket". RESULTS Only nine articles were included in this review. Jaw-related disorders associated with COVID-19 were dry socket, osteonecrosis, and orofacial pain related to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) and giant cell arteritis (GCA). CONCLUSION COVID-19 potentially predisposes to osteonecrosis due to thrombotic inflammatory phenomena caused by the disease itself or its therapeutic modalities. All jaw osteonecrosis cases reported so far in relation to COVID-19 affected the upper jaw. Orofacial pain in COVID-19 patients was related to TMD and GCA. Clinical evidence-based studies are required to investigate the actual prevalence and possible correlation between COVID-19 and jaw-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Dar-Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa Jambi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Osama Abu-Hammad
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Al Hamazani AD, AlNukhaysh S, AlGethami SMM, AlMathkuri WM, Asiri MM, AlShamrani YSA, Hussain BS. Prescription of Antibiotics and Its Overuse among Pediatric Dental Patients: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/luj764zc9z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Long-Term Complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019; What the Oral Surgeon Needs To Know. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:e652-e655. [PMID: 34705368 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 manifests mainly as respiratory symptoms. Extrapulmonary manifestations have also been detected and several vital organs may sustain irreversible or long-standing damage. These extrapulmonary manifestations can be detected in cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and hematologic systems. Maxillofacial surgeons may encounter patients who have recovered from COVID-19 but are still suffering long-term morbidities as a result of this incompletely understood infection. Consequently, they have to be aware of the various systemic complications that may be encountered in these patients as they may interfere with their treatment plan or may necessitate certain modifications and precautions.In this report the authors present the long-standing systemic complications of COVID-19 reported so far, and discuss their implications within the context of maxillofacial surgery with regards to the modifications and precautions in the process of treatment planning.Graphical abstract shows the long-term complications of COVID-19 that may complicate maxillofacial surgical procedures.
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Dar-Odeh N, Elsayed S, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Althagafi N, Bahabri R, Eldeen YS, Aljohani W, Abu-Hammad O. What the dental practitioner needs to know about pharmaco-therapeutic modalities of COVID-19 treatment: A review. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:806-816. [PMID: 33230404 PMCID: PMC7674127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Several pharmacotherapeutic methods have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 with varying degrees of success. No definitive treatment or vaccine has been officially approved to-date. This review aimed to highlight COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents that are relevant to dental practice in terms of their clinical indications in COVID-19 and dental practice, as well as their adverse effects as they impact the dental patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic search was performed using the following keywords combinations: Pharmacotherapy AND COVID-19 OR Pharmacotherapy AND SARS-CoV-2 OR Treatment AND COVID-19. Studies were categorized according to the type of pharmacotherapy used. Pharmacotherapeutic agents were extracted and only those relevant to dental practice were included for review. RESULTS For analysis, a total of 79 clinical trials research articles were included that included COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents relevant to dental practice. Those were analgesics (paracetamol; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents); antibiotics (azithromycin, doxycycline, metronidazole); antivirals (penciclovir); and immunomodulatory agents (hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids). While some COVID-19 drugs are less relevant to dental practice, as antivirals and hydroxychloroquine, their association with long-term adverse effects requires adequate knowledge among dental practitioners. CONCLUSION Many of COVID-19 pharmacotherapeutic agents are used to treat oral diseases particularly orofacial pain and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, some of these drugs may induce adverse effects that complicate dental treatment. Thorough knowledge of COVID-19 therapy and its dental implications is essential for dental practitioners, and is expected to contribute to a better understanding and effective utilization of these therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Dar-Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shadia Elsayed
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar, University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nebras Althagafi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Bahabri
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wejdan Aljohani
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abu-Hammad
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Dar-Odeh N, Babkair H, Alnazzawi A, Abu-Hammad S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. Utilization of Teledentistry in Antimicrobial Prescribing and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases during COVID-19 Lockdown. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:S20-S26. [PMID: 33032333 PMCID: PMC7775237 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze Jordanian dentists' inquiries on oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing using dental professional WhatsApp groups during coronavirus disease lockdown period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three professional WhatsApp groups of Jordanian dentists were reviewed and analyzed for inquiries posted during the period from January to May 2020. Inquiries were sent from patients to their dentists who posted these inquiries to the professional WhatsApp dental groups for consultation and professional advice. All queries regarding oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Three WhatsApp professional groups with a total numbers of members of 750 dentists who posted queries about their patients were included in this study. Dentist members posted queries about their patients to these professional WhatsApp groups. There was a total of 32 inquiries regarding oral lesions and 11 consultations regarding prescribing and dental management of medically compromised patients giving a total of 43 consultations. Among which there were 19 inquiries on oral infections and 9 inquiries on antimicrobial prescribing giving a total of 28 consultations. Most common inquiries were on bacterial infections (localized dentoalveolar abscess, pericoronitis, cellulitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue), viral herpetic infections, and Candida infections (erythematous and pseudomembranous candidiasis). CONCLUSIONS Many dental practitioners cannot distinguish the correct diagnostic features of oral infections particularly viral and fungal infections. Continuing education should be considered to focus on clinical manifestations of various oral infections. Further, educational activities that focus on variations in treatment protocols for various infections should be introduced particularly those that concern indications for antimicrobial prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Dar-Odeh
- Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzah Babkair
- Department of Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaden Abu-Hammad
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Osama Abu-Hammad
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Substitutive Dental, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Angarita-Díaz MDP, Bernal-Cepeda L, Rodriguez-Paz M, Vergara-Mercado M, Herrera-Herrera A, Forero-Escobar D, Mora-Reina J, Ochoa-Acosta EM, Maya-Giraldo M, Caceres-Matta S, Tamayo J, Martinez-Cajas C, Fortich-Mesa N, Bermudez-Reyes P, Vergara-Bobadilla H. Prescribing antibiotics by dentists in Colombia: Toward a conscientious prescription. J Public Health Dent 2020; 81:100-112. [PMID: 33104249 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice of dentists prescribing antibiotics in Colombia in order to design a virtual learning environment on this subject. METHODS In a descriptive study across seven cities, 700 dentists from different Colombian cities were requested to complete a validated questionnaire containing five sections: general information, awareness on antibiotic effectiveness and antibiotic resistance, attitudes regarding prescription decision, intention to practice concerning clinical cases, and complementary information. The level of awareness, attitudes, and intention to practice was determined and Chi-square test was used to determine the existence of significant differences among cities. RESULTS The majority of dentists showed a medium level regarding the number of correct answers on awareness (62.4 percent) and attitudes (88.7 percent) and a high level on intention to practice (91.7 percent). Common errors within the awareness section included the meaning of the term "antibiotic resistance" (35 percent) and most dentists were not convinced that such resistance could be derived from prescription of antibiotics (51.2 percent). In the attitudes section, only 45 percent declared that they prescribe antibiotics based mainly on symptoms, and the intention to practice section showed a significant percentage of unnecessary prescription (51 percent for pacemaker users) or absence of prescription (53.9 percent for ventricular septal defect) in antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious endocarditis (IE). CONCLUSION The dentists interviewed should be trained and made aware of antibiotic resistance, microbiological and clinical foundations, and current antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Forero-Escobar
- School of Dentistry, Cooperative University of Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Julián Mora-Reina
- School of Dentistry, Cooperative University of Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Julián Tamayo
- School of Dentistry, University Institute of Colombian Colleges, Cali, Colombia
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Ritwik P, Fallahi S, Yu Q. Management of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin in a paediatric hospital. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:483-488. [PMID: 31894605 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin (FCOO) can lead to systemic complications in children. Research on factors leading to improvement of outcomes is limited. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate patient characteristics, treatment modalities (antibiotics and route of administration), length of stay in the hospital, time till definitive treatment, and factors related to early treatment of FCOO. DESIGN A retrospective review was performed to identify children presenting to the emergency department of a paediatric hospital with FCOO over a 5-year period. Data were extracted from records of included patients. RESULTS Sixty-four records were included for analysis with mean age of 8.19 ± 4.5 years. Significantly more patients received clindamycin (79.7%) than penicillin-based antibiotic (18.8%) with P < .0001. Forty-four (68.8%) children were admitted to the hospital and received parenteral clindamycin. The average hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1.2 days, and average days till dental treatment was 5.2 ± 8.9 days. Children who received intravenous antibiotic or had a primary tooth involved received dental treatment sooner, with P = .0036 and P = .03, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral antibiotics were prescribed for children who were discharged from the emergency department. Children who received intravenous antibiotics or had an infected primary tooth received early definitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Ritwik
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan Fallahi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, LSUHSC School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qingzhao Yu
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093151. [PMID: 32366034 PMCID: PMC7246705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, with a high fatality rate that may reach 8%. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is one of the coronaviruses. Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. This was mainly for protection of dental healthcare personnel, their families, contacts, and their patients from the transmission of virus, and also to preserve the much-needed supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). Dentists at all times should competently follow cross-infection control protocols, but particularly during this critical time, they should do their best to decide on the emergency cases that are indicated for dental treatment. Dentists should also be updated on how this pandemic is related to their profession in order to be well oriented and prepared. This overview will address several issues concerned with the COVID-19 pandemic that directly relate to dental practice in terms of prevention, treatment, and orofacial clinical manifestations.
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Yu Y, Zhou X, Zheng LW. [Advanced research on root canal therapy for primary teeth]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:205-210. [PMID: 32314896 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary tooth root canal therapy is a treatment performed on primary teeth diagnosed with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis. This procedure requires perfect instrumentation, disinfection, and filling of root canals to eliminate infection, control inflammation, relieve pain, prevent pathological effects on inherited permanent tooth, and prolong primary tooth preservation. This paper reviews the research history on primary tooth root canal treatment and summarizes the progress on primary tooth root canal treatment, including anatomical morphology, root canal preparation, root canal disinfection, root canal filling, and application of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Barone A, Chatelain S, Derchi G, Di Spirito F, Martuscelli R, Porzio M, Sbordone L. Antibiotic's effectiveness after erupted tooth extractions: A retrospective study. Oral Dis 2020; 26:967-973. [PMID: 32027441 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of antibiotics on the development of alveolitis after tooth extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of patients who had erupted tooth extractions in 3 centers. The patients' medical records were collected for several parameters. Moreover, use of antibiotics was evaluated. The primary outcome was the development of alveolitis during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measure was the possible associations between alveolitis and other patients' characteristics. RESULTS A total of 1579 patient charts were screened. The patients enrolled in the study were 418 (159 males and 259 females). Alveolitis was reported for 12 extraction sites (2.87%). Six were in the group of patients that received antibiotics (2.14% out of 280 patients treated with antibiotics), and six were in the group of patients that did not receive antibiotics (4.35% out of 138 patients not receiving antibiotics). None of patient-level parameters showed any significant association with the development of alveolitis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that the use of antibiotics after erupted tooth extractions is not useful in preventing alveolitis. Larger, prospective, and randomized studies are needed before incorporating these findings into the daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Area, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Chatelain
- Specialist in Oral Surgery and Implantology, Unit of Oral Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, University Hospitals of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Derchi
- Unit of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Area, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ranieri Martuscelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Unit of Oro-Maxillofacial Oncology (UOC Maxillofacial Surgery) Clinical Department of Head and Neck (Chairman: Prof L.Califano), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Porzio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
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17
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Goel D, Goel GK, Chaudhary S, Jain D. Antibiotic prescriptions in pediatric dentistry: A review. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:473-480. [PMID: 32318367 PMCID: PMC7114004 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1097_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most commonly prescribed drugs in pediatric dentistry are “Antibiotics.” Among Dentists, there is a trend toward overuse of antibiotics for nonindicated clinical conditions. This insufficient knowledge of the appropriate clinical indications for antibiotic prescriptions promotes the overuse of antibiotics and contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among children. According to the various surveys done on the dental students, dentists and pediatric dentists on the antibiotic prescribing practices, overall, adherence to the professional clinical guidelines was low. There was a wide variation in dosages for all the antibiotics prescribed and for prolonged periods which were inconsistent with the recommendations. This paper reviews the current literature from the year 2000 to 2019. An electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar databases. The data was also collected manually from comprehensive textbooks. Some recommendations were also based on the opinion of experienced researchers and clinicians. Thus, this review aims at highlighting clinical indications, dosages, and duration of therapeutic antibiotic prescriptions for orofacial infections in the pediatric outpatients and at the same time creating an awareness, regarding the necessity of strictly adhering to the clinical guidelines for antibiotic prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirja Goel
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | | | - Seema Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Deshraj Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, Govt. College of Dentistry, Indore, MP, India
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18
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Actinomycosis as a Rare Local Manifestation of Severe Periodontitis. Case Rep Dent 2020; 2020:5961452. [PMID: 32089900 PMCID: PMC7021467 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5961452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection primarily caused by anaerobic gram-positive filamentous bacteria, primarily of the genus Actinomyces. Oral-cervicofacial actinomycosis is the localization found most often, presenting as a soft tissue swelling, an abscess, a mass lesion, or sometimes an ulcerative lesion. Periodontitis-like lesions, however, are rare findings. This report describes the case of a 41-year-old healthy female patient (nonsmoker), who was referred to the clinic with dull and throbbing pain in the second quadrant. Tooth 25 showed increased mobility and probing pocket depths up to 10 mm, with profuse bleeding upon probing. Radiographically, considerable interproximal horizontal bone loss was found, and the diagnosis of periodontitis stage 3, grade C was made. The situation was initially stabilized with adhesive splinting and local anti-infective therapy. Two weeks later, the bone defect was treated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a xenogenic filler material (BioOss Collagen) and a resorbable membrane (Bio-Gide). Due to a suspicious appearance of the excised granulation tissue, the collected fragments were sent for histopathological evaluation. This evaluation revealed a chronic granulomatous inflammation with the presence of filamentous bacterial colonies, consistent with Actinomyces. The patient was successfully treated. While there are only few reports in the literature, actinomycotic lesions represent a rare but possible finding in cases with localized periodontal destruction. In conclusion, systematic biopsy of the infrabony tissue in localized periodontal lesions may help to provide a more accurate counting of Actinomyces-associated lesions, thereby improving diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
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19
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Patini R. Management of special needs patients in dentistry during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_221_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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20
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Haque M, Sartelli M, Haque SZ. Dental Infection and Resistance-Global Health Consequences. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010022. [PMID: 30823670 PMCID: PMC6473604 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in dental caries and another dental related issues, both for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. Unfortunately, in recent years the use of antibiotics has been accompanied by the rapid emergence antimicrobial resistance. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are historically known as the top oral health burden in both developing and developed nations affecting around 20⁻50% of the population of this planet and the uppermost reason for tooth loss. Dental surgeons and family practitioners frequently prescribed antimicrobials for their patients as outpatient care. Several studies reported that antibiotics are often irrationally- and overprescribed in dental diseases which is the basis of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in dental diseases. Almost certainly the promotion of primary oral health care (POHC) in primary health care program especially among the least and middle-income countries (LMIC) may be the answer to ensure and promote rational dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
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