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Shyam M, Sabina EP. Harnessing the power of Arctium lappa root: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 39162715 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Arctium lappa, widely recognized as burdock, is a perennial plant that is employed in the realm of traditional Chinese medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. The herb is rich in bioactive metabolites with therapeutic potential, encompassing polyphenolic antioxidants in its leaves, and flavonoids and fructo-oligosaccharides in its underground parts. Nutraceuticals originating from botanical sources such as Arctium lappa provide supplementary health advantages alongside their nutritional content and have demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention and management of specific ailments. The utilization of Arctium lappa root extract has exhibited encouraging outcomes in addressing hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium, lead, chromium, and acetaminophen, ameliorating liver damage and oxidative stress. Additionally, the root extract displays properties such as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, aphrodisiac, anti-rheumatic, anti-Alzheimer, and various other pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Shyam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, SBST, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Evan Prince Sabina
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, SBST, VIT, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kim HH, Jeong SH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Kim HW, Seong JK, Kim DI, Park KI, Kim GS. Binding affinity screening of polyphenolic compounds in Stachys affinis extract (SAE) for their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18095. [PMID: 39103443 PMCID: PMC11300793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Free radical is a marker in various inflammatory diseases. The antioxidant effect protects us from this damage, which also plays an essential role in preventing inflammation. Inflammation protects the body from biological stimuli, and pro-inflammatory mediators are negatively affected in the immune system. Inflammation caused by LPS is an endotoxin found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which induces immune cells to produce inflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Based on this, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of plant extracts were investigated. First, the main phenolic compounds for the five peaks obtained from Stachys affinis extract (SAE) were identified. The antioxidant effect of each phenolic compound was confirmed through HPLC analysis before and after the competitive binding reaction between DPPH and the extract. Afterward, the anti-inflammatory effect of each phenolic compound was confirmed through competitive binding between COX2 and the extract in HPLC analysis. Lastly, the anti-inflammatory effect of SAE was confirmed through in vitro experiments and also confirmed in terms of structural binding through molecular docking. This study confirmed that phenolic compounds in SAE extract have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and may provide information for primary screening of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhangwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Biological Resources Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju, 52834, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience and Intergrated Biotechnology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Kim
- Namhae Garlic Research Institute, 2465-8 Namhaedaero, Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52430, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Maliyam P, Laphookhieo S, Koedrith P, Puttarak P. Antioxidative and anti-cytogenotoxic potential of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz extracts against cadmium-induced toxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34480. [PMID: 39130464 PMCID: PMC11315074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) results in bioaccumulation and irreversible damage; this encourages an investigation of alternatives to address Cd toxicity, using natural compounds. Lysiphyllum strychnifolium, a well-known Thai medicinal plant, was investigated for its phytochemical compounds and corresponding bioactivities, including antioxidant and anti-cytogenotoxic effects against Cd toxicity in HEK293 renal and HDF dermal cell models. The crude extract of L. strychnifolium (LsCrude) was partitioned into four fractions, using sequential polarity solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water, denoted as LsH, LsD, LsE, and LsW, respectively). The extraction yields were 1.79 %, 5.08 %, 8.53 %, and 70.25 % (w/w), respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids in LsCrude and its fractions, except for LsH. LsE exhibited the highest concentrations of phenolics (286.83 ± 6.83 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (86.36 ± 1.29 mg QE/g extract). Subsequent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reducing powder assays demonstrated the high antioxidant capacity of LsCrude and its fractions. The lowest IC50 value (9.11 ± 0.43 μg/mL) in the DPPH assay corresponded to LsW, whereas the highest total FRAP value (6.06 ± 0.70 mg QE Eq./g dry mass) corresponded to LsE. MTT and alkaline comet assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the extracts, which were considered safe. Upon exposure to Cd at the CC50 level, HEK293 cells treated with LsE suppressed Cd-induced damage. HDF cells treated with LsCrude, LsD, or LsE attenuated Cd-induced damage. In the pre-treatment, LsD protected the HDF cells against Cd-mediated cytogenotoxicity. These anti-cytogenotoxic potentials are likely due to the antioxidant properties of the phytochemicals. Our findings highlight the cyto-geno-protective properties of L. strychnifolium stem extracts against Cd toxicity in HEK293 and HDF cells, and provide a novel approach for combating oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaravan Maliyam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai District, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Koedrith
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon District, NakhonPathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai District, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai District, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Navarro-Simarro P, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga Á. Food and human health applications of edible mushroom by-products. N Biotechnol 2024; 81:43-56. [PMID: 38521182 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom waste can account for up to 50% of the total mushroom mass. Spent mushroom substrate, misshapen mushrooms, and mushroom stems are examples of mushroom byproducts. In ancient cultures, fungi were prized for their medicinal properties. Aqueous extracts containing high levels of β-glucans as functional components capable of providing prebiotic polysaccharides and improved texture to foods have been widely used and new methods have been tested to improve extraction yields. Similarly, the addition of insoluble polysaccharides controls the glycemic index, counteracting the effects of increasingly high-calorie diets. Numerous studies support these benefits in vitro, but evidence in vivo is scarce. Nonetheless, many authors have created a variety of functional foods, ranging from yogurt to noodles. In this review, we focus on the pharmacological properties of edible mushroom by-products, and the possible risks derived from its consumption. By incorporating these by-products into human or animal feed formulations, mushroom producers will be able to fully optimize crop use and pave the way for the industry to move toward a zero-waste paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Navarro-Simarro
- Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain; Facultad de Farmacia. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete 02071, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes y Biotecnología. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
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Sharma N, Gupta M, Anand P, Akhter Y, Al-Dayan N, Majed HA, Biswas S, Ali S, Sarwat M. Mechanistic Insight into the Autophagic and Apoptotic Activity of Kaempferol on Liver Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:579-601. [PMID: 39071955 PMCID: PMC11283267 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s460359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of poorly folded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promotes ER stress and contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current therapies have various adverse effects, therefore, laying the need for an alternative approach. Kaempferol (KP), a naturally occurring flavonoid, possesses potent anti-proliferative properties against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, its involvement in HCC remains relatively unexplored, particularly regarding its influence on apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Methods The effect of KP on cell viability, and motility of Hep3B cells was evaluated by MTT, and scratch assay, respectively. Hoechst staining and FACS analysis were done to check the effect of KP on apoptosis and cell cycle progression. qRTPCR was used to evaluate the expression of several apoptosis and autophagy-related genes. KP was docked with several ER stress-related proteins involved in HCC to gain further insights into molecular mechanisms. The results of docking studies were validated with MD simulation and in vitro studies. Results Treatment with KP at different time intervals showed dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition of liver cancer cells. KP decreased motility and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in Hep3B cells. Additionally, in the context of HCC, the relationship between KP, apoptosis, and autophagy is significant. It induced apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and Bid, Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3. KP showed a better binding affinity with Nrf2, PERK, and IRE1α among all selected proteins. Further, it reversed the protective effect of 4-PBA (ER Stress inhibitor) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells. Conclusion The study suggested KP as a potential chemopreventive agent for managing HCC by effectively inducing apoptosis and autophagy in Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Pragya Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Noura Al-Dayan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Abdul Majed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Sher Ali
- VC Office, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
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Szulc A, Wiśniewska K, Żabińska M, Gaffke L, Szota M, Olendzka Z, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Effectiveness of Flavonoid-Rich Diet in Alleviating Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2024; 13:1931. [PMID: 38928874 PMCID: PMC11202533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the burden of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, on a global scale. This is linked to a widespread demographic trend in which developed societies are aging, leading to an increased proportion of elderly individuals and, concurrently, an increase in the number of those afflicted, posing one of the main public health challenges for the coming decades. The complex pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and resulting varied symptoms, which differ depending on the disease, environment, and lifestyle of the patients, make searching for therapies for this group of disorders a formidable challenge. Currently, most neurodegenerative diseases are considered incurable. An important aspect in the fight against and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases may be broadly understood lifestyle choices, and more specifically, what we will focus on in this review, a diet. One proposal that may help in the fight against the spread of neurodegenerative diseases is a diet rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds widely found in products considered healthy, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Many studies indicated not only the neuroprotective effects of these compounds but also their ability to reverse changes occurring during the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we present the main groups of flavonoids, discussing their characteristics and mechanisms of action. The most widely described mechanisms point to neuroprotective functions due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, accompanied with their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, as well as the ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates. The latter feature, together with promoting removal of the aggregates is especially important in neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss a therapeutic potential of selected flavonoids in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases, based on in vitro studies, and their impact when included in the diet of animals (laboratory research) and humans (population studies). Thus, this review summarizes flavonoids' actions and impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic use of these compounds in the future is potentially possible but depends on overcoming key challenges such as low bioavailability, determining the therapeutic dose, and defining what a flavonoid-rich diet is and determining its potential negative effects. This review also suggests further research directions to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (K.W.); (M.Ż.); (L.G.); (M.S.); (Z.O.); (K.P.)
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Golonko A, Olichwier AJ, Paszko A, Świsłocka R, Szczerbiński Ł, Lewandowski W. Biomaterials in Cancer Therapy: Investigating the Interaction between Kaempferol and Zinc Ions through Computational, Spectroscopic and Biological Analyses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2526. [PMID: 38893790 PMCID: PMC11172956 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A complex of the natural flavonoid kaempferol with zinc (Kam-Zn) was synthesized, and its physicochemical properties were investigated using spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and theoretical chemistry. Biological studies were conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of these complexes on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatment with Kam 100 µM (84.86 ± 7.79%; 64.37 ± 8.24%) and Kam-Zn 100 µM (91.87 ± 3.80%; 87.04 ± 13.0%) showed no significant difference in proliferation between 16 h and 32 h, with the gap width remaining stable. Both Kam-Zn 100 μM and 200 μM demonstrated effective antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, significantly decreasing cell viability and causing cell death and morphology changes. Antioxidant assays revealed that Kam (IC50 = 5.63 ± 0.06) exhibited higher antioxidant potential compared to Kam-Zn (IC50 = 6.80 ± 0.075), suggesting that zinc coordination impacts the flavonoid's radical scavenging activity by the coordination of metal ion to hydroxyl groups. Computational studies revealed significant modifications in the electronic structure and properties of Kam upon forming 1:1 complexes with Zn2+ ions. Spectroscopy analyses confirmed structural changes, highlighting shifts in absorption peaks and alterations in functional group vibrations indicative of metal-ligand interactions. FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra analysis suggested that Zn coordinates with the 3-OH and 4C=O groups of ligand. These findings suggest that the Kam-Zn complex exhibits interesting antiproliferative, cytotoxic and modified antioxidant effects on MCF-7 cells, providing valuable insights into their structural and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Jan Olichwier
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Araujo-León JA, Sánchez-del Pino I, Ortiz-Andrade R, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Carrera-Lanestosa A, Brito-Argáez LG, González-Sánchez A, Giácoman-Vallejos G, Hernández-Abreu O, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Xingú-López A, Aguilar-Hernández V. HPLC-Based Metabolomic Analysis and Characterization of Amaranthus cruentus Leaf and Inflorescence Extracts for Their Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Potential. Molecules 2024; 29:2003. [PMID: 38731493 PMCID: PMC11085149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Amaranthus cruentus flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, hesperetin, naringenin, hesperidin, and naringin), cinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid), and benzoic acids (vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) as antioxidants, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive agents. An analytical method for simultaneous quantification of flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and benzoic acids for metabolomic analysis of leaves and inflorescences from A. cruentus was developed with HPLC-UV-DAD. Evaluation of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, and recovery was used to validate the analytical method developed. Maximum total flavonoids contents (5.2 mg/g of lyophilized material) and cinnamic acid derivatives contents (0.6 mg/g of lyophilized material) were found in leaves. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the maximum total betacyanin contents (74.4 mg/g of lyophilized material) and betaxanthin contents (31 mg/g of lyophilized material) were found in inflorescences. The leaf extract showed the highest activity in removing DPPH radicals. In vitro antidiabetic activity of extracts was performed with pancreatic α-glucosidase and intestinal α-amylase, and compared to acarbose. Both extracts exhibited a reduction in enzyme activity from 57 to 74%. Furthermore, the in vivo tests on normoglycemic murine models showed improved glucose homeostasis after sucrose load, which was significantly different from the control. In vitro antihypertensive activity of extracts was performed with angiotensin-converting enzyme and contrasted to captopril; both extracts exhibited a reduction of enzyme activity from 53 to 58%. The leaf extract induced a 45% relaxation in an ex vivo aorta model. In the molecular docking analysis, isoamaranthin and isogomphrenin-I showed predictive binding affinity for α-glucosidases (human maltase-glucoamylase and human sucrase-isomaltase), while catechin displayed binding affinity for human angiotensin-converting enzyme. The data from this study highlights the potential of A. cruentus as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alfredo Araujo-León
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (J.A.A.-L.); (L.G.B.-A.)
| | - Ivonne Sánchez-del Pino
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida 97069, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONAHCyT-División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Areli Carrera-Lanestosa
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Ligia Guadalupe Brito-Argáez
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (J.A.A.-L.); (L.G.B.-A.)
| | - Avel González-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - Germán Giácoman-Vallejos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.G.-S.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Cunduacán 86690, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Sergio R. Peraza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.R.P.-S.); (A.X.-L.)
| | - Andrés Xingú-López
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.R.P.-S.); (A.X.-L.)
| | - Víctor Aguilar-Hernández
- Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (J.A.A.-L.); (L.G.B.-A.)
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Baňas Š, Tvrdá E, Benko F, Ďuračka M, Čmiková N, Lukáč N, Kačániová M. Kaempferol as an Alternative Cryosupplement for Bovine Spermatozoa: Cytoprotective and Membrane-Stabilizing Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4129. [PMID: 38612937 PMCID: PMC11012659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (KAE) is a natural flavonoid with powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties and beneficial effects on ex vivo sperm functionality. In this paper, we studied the ability of KAE to prevent or ameliorate structural, functional or oxidative damage to frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa. The analysis focused on conventional sperm quality characteristics prior to or following thermoresistance tests, namely the oxidative profile of semen alongside sperm capacitation patterns, and the levels of key proteins involved in capacitation signaling. Semen samples obtained from 30 stud bulls were frozen in the presence of 12.5, 25 or 50 μM KAE and compared to native ejaculates (negative control-CtrlN) as well as semen samples cryopreserved in the absence of KAE (positive control-CtrlC). A significant post-thermoresistance test maintenance of the sperm motility (p < 0.001), membrane (p < 0.001) and acrosome integrity (p < 0.001), mitochondrial activity (p < 0.001) and DNA integrity (p < 0.001) was observed following supplementation with all KAE doses in comparison to CtrlC. Experimental groups supplemented with all KAE doses presented a significantly lower proportion of prematurely capacitated spermatozoa (p < 0.001) when compared with CtrlC. A significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide radical was recorded following administration of 12.5 (p < 0.05) and 25 μM KAE (p < 0.01). At the same time, supplementation with 25 μM KAE in the cryopreservation medium led to a significant stabilization of the activity of Mg2+-ATPase (p < 0.05) and Na+/K+-ATPase (p < 0.0001) in comparison to CtrlC. Western blot analysis revealed that supplementation with 25 μM KAE in the cryopreservation medium prevented the loss of the protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), which are intricately involved in the process of sperm activation. In conclusion, we may speculate that KAE is particularly efficient in the protection of sperm metabolism during the cryopreservation process through its ability to promote energy synthesis while quenching excessive ROS and to protect enzymes involved in the process of sperm capacitation and hyperactivation. These properties may provide supplementary protection to spermatozoa undergoing the freeze-thaw process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Baňas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Š.B.)
| | - Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Š.B.)
| | - Filip Benko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (Š.B.)
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 010 43 Warsaw, Poland
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Hasnat H, Shompa SA, Islam MM, Alam S, Richi FT, Emon NU, Ashrafi S, Ahmed NU, Chowdhury MNR, Fatema N, Hossain MS, Ghosh A, Ahmed F. Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27533. [PMID: 38496846 PMCID: PMC10944245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are organic compounds characterized by a range of phenolic structures, which are abundantly present in various natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine. The health advantages of these natural substances are renowned, and initiatives are being taken to extract the flavonoids. Apigenin, galangin, hesperetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and quercetin are the seven most common compounds belonging to this class. A thorough analysis of bibliographic records from reliable sources including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and others was done to learn more about the biological activities of these flavonoids. These flavonoids appear to have promising anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering activities, according to evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. The review contains recent trends, therapeutical interventions, and futuristic aspects of flavonoids to treat several diseases like diabetes, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. However, this manuscript should be handy in future drug discovery. Despite these encouraging findings, a notable gap exists in clinical research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the effects of flavonoids at both high and low concentrations on human health. Future investigations should prioritize exploring bioavailability, given the potential for high inter-individual variation. As a starting point for further study on these flavonoids, this review paper may promote identifying and creating innovative therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Suriya Akter Shompa
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirazul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nour Fatema
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Avoy Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Wang Q, Zhen W, Lippi G, Liu Q. The effect of Astragali Radix-Radix Angelica Sinensis on acute kidney injury: a network pharmacology and molecular docking study. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:91-103. [PMID: 38404557 PMCID: PMC10891378 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical syndrome with high mortality rate attributed to lack of effective treatment. The herbal pair of Astragali Radix (AR) and Radix Angelica Sinensis (RAS) is a commonly prescribed herbal formula or is added to other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for the treatment of kidney diseases. AR-RAS has certain protective effects on AKI in experiments, but the relevant mechanisms have yet to be clear. So this study aims to explore the mechanism of action of AR-RAS in AKI by combining network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Methods In Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), the major AR-RAS chemical components and associated action targets were found and screened. The DrugBank and GeneCards databases were used to find AKI-related targets. The targets that are in close relationship with AKI were obtained from Therapeutic Target database (TTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and PharmGKB databases. The "herb-active ingredient-target" network was drawn by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database was used to build the protein-protein interaction network. Bioconductor/R was used to examine Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. AR-RAS components and critical targets were docked using the AutoDock Vina program. Results A compound-target network, built by screening and analyzing the results, allowed to identify 19 active components and 101 possible therapeutic targets for AKI. The main ingredients were quercetin, kaempferol, 7-o-methylisocronulatol, formononetin and isorhamnetin. The key targets included AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1), JUN, estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). These molecules are targeted by pathways such as the calcium signaling route, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, as well as the development of T helper 17 cells. Molecular docking demonstrated that AR-active RAS components exhibited strong binding activities to probable targets of AKI. Conclusions We described here the potential active ingredients, possible targets responsible for the efficacy of AR-RAS in AKI treatment, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Qi Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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12
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Cao R, Cao C, Hu X, Du K, Zhang J, Li M, Li B, Lin H, Zhang A, Li Y, Wu L, Huang Y. Kaempferol attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced hepatic fibrosis by promoting ASIC1a degradation and suppression of the ASIC1a-mediated ERS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155125. [PMID: 37820466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferol is a flavonoid derived from the herb, Kaempferia galanga L., in addition to exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological properties, kaempferol is also an anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid metabolizing, and anti-oxidative stress agent. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are yet unknown. Activated HSCs induces VEGF release and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation which are important factors in hepatic fibrosis. PURPOSE Our aim is to explore how kaempferol may affect hepatic fibrosis and the mechanisms behind its effects. METHODS The in vivo model was Sprague-Dawley rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Histological staining was used to observe histological features of the liver. The levels of (alanine aminotransferase) ALT and (aspartate aminotransferase) AST were detected by the corresponding kits. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was used to stimulate the HSC-T6 rat hepatic stellate cells. The mechanisms underlying this process were investigated using a variety of molecular approaches, including immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Moreover, intracellular Ca2+ were observed by laser confocal microscope. RESULTS It was found that kaempferol significantly reduced the expression of ASIC1a, VEGF, α-SMA and Collagen-I proteins in a model of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. In HSC-T6, kaempferol inhibits activation of HSCs by decreasing expression of ASIC1a, eIF2α, p-eIF2α and ATF-4. Laser confocal fluorescence showed that kaempferol inhibited Ca2+ influx and reduced Ca2+ concentration around the endoplasmic reticulum. Molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) results further indicated that kaempferol interacted with ASIC1a. We found that kaempferol may promote the degradation of ASIC1a and inhibited ASIC1a- mediated upregulation of ERS. CONCLUSION The data from our in vivo experiments demonstrate that kaempferol effectively attenuates hepatic fibrosis. In vitro studies we further propose a novel mechanism of kaempferol against hepatic fibrosis which can interact with ASIC1a and promote ASIC1a degradation while inhibiting the activation and VEGF release of HSCs by suppressing the ASIC1a-eIF2α-ATF-4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kang Du
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jingrong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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13
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Vaghela PB, Navale AM, Patel CB, Patidar NH, Nahar PD, Patel F, Pathan Z, Kumari B. Protective Effects of Chia Seeds and Omega-3 Fatty Acid against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oligospermia in Male Wistar Rats: Potential Risks of Adverse Drug Interaction with Chia Seeds. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023; 96:455-465. [PMID: 38161578 PMCID: PMC10751874 DOI: 10.59249/paej4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins with antioxidant properties, can mitigate the negative effects on male reproductive function caused by cyclophosphamide, a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: Male wistar rats are divided into seven groups (n=6). All groups except the normal control (NC) received cyclophosphamide (30mg/kg, i.p.) for the first 5 days. The standard group received clomiphene citrate (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.). Treatment groups T1%, T5%, T10%, and ω-3 received 1%, 5%, and 10% chia seeds in the diet, and 880 mg/kg omega-3 fatty acid (p.o) respectively for 15 days. The effect on the reproductive system was evaluated by analysis of epididymal sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters, and serum testosterone level. Results: Clomiphene citrate improved oligospermia via hormone mediated effect. Chia seeds and omega-3 fatty acid treatment also showed improvement in reproductive parameters including oxidative stress and histological features of the testes. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment was more effective for the prevention of cyclophosphamide toxicity on testes as compared to chia seeds. Nasal bleeding was noted in several animals subjected to chia seed treatment. This occurrence might be attributed to chia seeds' impact on coagulation and/or platelet function, potentially heightened due to chemotherapy associated bone marrow suppression. Conclusions: In our study, chia seeds as well as omega-3 fatty acid treatment were found to be protective against cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. However, the adverse effect of hemorrhage associated with drug interaction of chia seeds with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs needs careful attention and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince B. Vaghela
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Archana M. Navale
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Chirangi B. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant H. Patidar
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Prachi D. Nahar
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Farmi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Zainab Pathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
| | - Barsha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University,
Gujarat, India
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Khafaji SS. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-reprotoxic effects of kaempferol and vitamin E on lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1683-1695. [PMID: 38292720 PMCID: PMC10824084 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The heavy metals cause repro-toxicity via oxidative stress and suppress the antioxidant enzymes. Kaempferol and vitamin E possess antioxidant properties that can counteract the deleterious heavy metals effects. Aim The present study was directed to investigate the protective role of kaempferol, alone or with vitamin E, on testicular toxicity mediated by lead acetate in male rats. Methods Fifty adult male rats were randomly grouped into five groups (n = 10): the control group received 5 ml distilled water, and the Pb group was intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg of lead acetate. The Pb + Vitamin E group received Pb with 100 mg/kg of vitamin E, the Pb + KAF group received Pb with 50 mg/kg of kaempferol, the Pb + KAF + Vitamin E group received Pb with kaempferol and vitamin E for 6 weeks. Results The testicular levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, steroidogenic enzyme, serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, interleukin (IL)-10, and sperm function were significantly decreased in the Pb group compared with all experimental groups. These parameters were significantly elevated in the Pb + KAF + Vitamin E group compared to other experimental groups. Lead acetate caused elevation in testicular malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa, and sperm abnormality compared to all treatment groups. All these parameters were significantly declined in the Pb + KAF + Vitamin E group and Pb + KAF group compared with the Pb group. The fold changes of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone beta, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and luteinizing hormone beta, and testicular CYP11A1, LH receptor, and FHr gene expression were significantly upregulated in Pb + KAF + Vitamin E group compared with all experimental groups. In addition, KAF + Vitamin E has the potential to improve testicular regeneration in seminiferous tubules, Leydig, and Sertoli cells. Conclusion Administration of kaempferol alone or with vitamin E can mitigate lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in rats via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current research is the first to demonstrate that kaempferol can exert a preventive role in testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sura Safi Khafaji
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim City, Babylon Province, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq
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15
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Sarkar S, Kar A, Shaw P, DasGupta B, Keithellakpam OS, Mukherjee PK, Bhardwaj PK, Sharma N, Haldar PK, Sinha S. Hydroalcoholic root extracts of Houttuynia cordata (Thunb.) standardized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS promotes apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cell HepG2 via GSK-3β/β-catenin/PDL-1 axis. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105684. [PMID: 37751799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata (Thunb.), an important medicinal plant of Northeast India, Korea, and China, is used to treat various ailments and for anticancer research. Knowing its traditional practices, we are interested in the mode-of-action of HCT on HepG2 to co-relate the traditional practice with modern drug therapeutics. UPLC-Q-ToF-Ms analysis of HCT reveals identification of 14 metabolites. Network pharmacology analysis of the 14 compounds showed interaction with 232 different targets with their potential involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma. Whole extracts impart cytotoxicity on variety of cell lines including HepG2. There was a significant morphological alteration in treated HepG2 cells due to impairment of cytoskeletal components like β and γ- tubulin. Arrest at G1-S checkpoint was clearly indicated downregulation of Cyclin D1. The root extracts actuated apoptosis in HepG2 as evident from altered mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V- FITC, BrdU-PI, AO/EtBr assays, and modulations of apoptotic protein expression but without ROS generation. Whole extracts caused abrogation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition with repression of Snail, N-Cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-9, and upregulation of Pan-Cadherin. Pathway analysis found GSK-3β in Wnt/β-Catenin signaling cascade to be involved through Hepatocellular carcinoma (hsa05225) pathway. The GSK-3β/β-Catenin/PDL-1 signaling was found to be inhibited with the downregulation of pathway components. This was further confirmed by application of EGF, an inducer of the GSK-3β/β-Catenin pathway that neutralized the effect of Houttuynia cordata (Thunb.) root extract on the said pathway. Network pharmacology analysis also confirms the synergy network with botanical-bioactive-target-disease which showed Kaempferol to have the highest degree of association with the said pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Sarkar
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Pallab Shaw
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Barun DasGupta
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, INDIA
| | - Ojit Singh Keithellakpam
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India.
| | - Pardeep K Bhardwaj
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Pallab K Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, INDIA
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Khenifi ML, Serseg T, Migas P, Krauze-Baranowska M, Özdemir S, Bensouici C, Alghonaim MI, Al-Khafaji K, Alsalamah SA, Boudjeniba M, Yousfi M, Boufahja F, Bendif H, Mahdid M. HPLC-DAD-MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, α-amylase Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and ADMET of Flavonoids from Fenugreek Seeds. Molecules 2023; 28:7798. [PMID: 38067527 PMCID: PMC10708475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has a great beneficial health effect; it has been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. Likewise, the α-amylase inhibitors are potential compounds in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes. The beneficial health effects of fenugreek lead us to explore the chemical composition of the seeds and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities. The flavonoid extraction from fenugreek seeds was achieved with methanol through a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the flavonoid glycosides were characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was measured using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Finally, the α-amylase inhibition activity was carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. The methanolic extract was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (154.68 ± 1.50 μg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (37.69 ± 0.73 μg QE/mg E). The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the methanolic extract against DPPH (IC50 = 556.6 ± 9.87 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 593.62 ± 9.35 μg/mL). The ME had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A 0.5 = 451.90 ± 9.07 μg/mL). The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of fenugreek seed best α-amylase inhibition activities IC50 = 653.52 ± 3.24 μg/mL. Twenty-seven flavonoids were detected, and all studied flavonoids selected have good affinity and stabilize very well in the pocket of α-amylase. The interactions between the studied flavonoids with α-amylase were investigated. The flavonoids from fenugreek seed present a good inhibitory effect against α-amylase, which is beneficial for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Lamine Khenifi
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Talia Serseg
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Piotr Migas
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School Mersin University, Mersin TR-33343, Turkey;
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBT), Ali Mendjli New Town UV 03, B.P E73, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 10081, Iraq;
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Natural and life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Mahdid
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
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17
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He W, Zhang J, Ju J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhan L, Li C, Wang Y. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of the antitumor effect of kaempferol nanosuspensions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2885-2902. [PMID: 37149557 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KAE) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with antitumor activity. However, the low aqueous solubility, poor chemical stability, and suboptimal bioavailability greatly restrict its clinical application in cancer therapy. To address the aforementioned limitations and augment the antitumor efficacy of KAE, we developed a kaempferol nanosuspensions (KAE-NSps) utilizing D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a stabilizing agent, screened the optimal preparation process, and conducted a comprehensive investigation of their fundamental properties as well as the antitumor effects in the study. The findings indicated that the particle size was 186.6 ± 2.6 nm of the TPGS-KAE-NSps optimized, the shape of which was fusiform under the transmission electron microscope. The 2% (w/v) glucose was used as the cryoprotectant for TPGS-KAE-NSps, whose drug loading content was 70.31 ± 2.11%, and the solubility was prominently improved compared to KAE. The stability and biocompatibility of TPGS-KAE-NSps were favorable and had a certain sustained release effect. Moreover, TPGS-KAE-NSps clearly seen to be taken in the cytoplasm exhibited a stronger cytotoxicity and suppression of cell migration, along with increased intracellular ROS production and higher apoptosis rates compared to KAE in vitro cell experiments. In addition, TPGS-KAE-NSps had a longer duration of action in mice, significantly improved bioavailability, and showed a stronger inhibition of tumor growth (the tumor inhibition rate of high dose intravenous injection group was 68.9 ± 1.46%) than KAE with no obvious toxicity in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Overall, TPGS-KAE-NSps prepared notably improved the defect and the antitumor effects of KAE, making it a promising nanodrug delivery system for KAE with potential applications as a clinical antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiale Ju
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institution of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translation Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Allam AM, AbuBakr HO, Yassin AM, Abdel-Razek AS, Khattab MS, Gouda EM, Mousa SZ. Potential chemopreventive effects of Broccoli extract supplementation against 7, 12 dimethyl Benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) -induced toxicity in female rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17234. [PMID: 37821474 PMCID: PMC10567736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary components have recently received rapidly expanding attention for their potential to halt or reverse the development of many oxidative stress-mediated diseases after exposure to environmental toxicants. 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemo-preventive effects of broccoli as a nutritional component against DMBA intoxication in rats. A daily dose of aqueous (1 ml/rat) and methanolic (150 mg/kg) broccoli extracts, respectively, was given to 50-day-old female rats for 26 successive weeks after carcinogen intoxication with a single dose of 20 mg/ml of DMBA. DMBA intoxication resulted in a redox imbalance (a decreased GSH level and an increased MDA level) and increased DNA fragmentation in the liver, kidney, and brain. Besides, it affected the level of expression of the bcl2 gene in the liver, kidney, and brain tissue but didn't affect cfos gene expression accompanied by histopathological changes. The aqueous and methanolic broccoli extract supplements ameliorated the adverse effects by increasing the level of GSH, decreasing the MDA level, and reducing DNA fragmentation. Besides, broccoli extracts decreased the expression of bcl2 in the liver and brain and up-regulated bcl2 expression in the kidney, accompanied by lowering NF-κβ 65 expression in the liver and brain and γ-catenin expression in the liver and kidney. In conclusion, broccoli as a dietary component had a strong chemoprotective effect against oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxicity induced by DMBA intoxication in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Allam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki- Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M Gouda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Said Z Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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19
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Lê HG, Kang JM, Võ TC, Na BK. Kaempferol induces programmed cell death in Naegleria fowleri. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154994. [PMID: 37597363 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naegleria fowleri is a brain-eating amoeba causing a fatal brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Despite its high mortality over 95%, effective therapeutic drug for PAM has not been developed yet. Therefore, development of an effective and safe therapeutic drug for PAM is urgently needed. In this study, we investigated anti-amoebic effect of kaempferol (KPF) against N. fowleri and its underlying anti-amoebic molecular mechanisms. METHODS Anti-amoebic activity of KPF against N. fowleri trophozoites, as well as cytotoxicity of KPF in C6 glial cells and CHO-K1 cells were investigated. The programmed cell death mechanisms in KPF-treated N. fowleri were also analyzed by apoptosis-necrosis assay, mitochondrial dysfunction assay, TUNEL assay, RT-qPCR, and CYTO-ID assay. RESULTS KPF showed anti-amoebic activity against N. fowleri trophozoites with an IC50 of 29.28 ± 0.63 μM. However, it showed no significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. KPF induced significant morphological alterations of the amoebae, resulting in death. Signals associated with apoptosis were detected in the amoebae upon treatment with KPF. KPF induced an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species level, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increases of expression levels of genes associated with mitochondria dysfunction, and reduction of ATP levels in the amoebae. Autophagic vacuole accumulations with increased expression levels of autophagy-related genes were also detected in KPF-treated amoebae. CONCLUSION KPF induces programmed cell death in N. fowleri trophozoites via apoptosis-like pathway and autophagy pathway. KPF could be used as a candidate of anti-amoebic drug or supplement compound in the process of developing or optimizing therapeutic drug for PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Tuấn Cường Võ
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea.
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20
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Shu J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Lin F, Song J, Li X. Optimization of tetrastigma hemsleyanum extraction process based on GA-BPNN model and analysis of its antioxidant effect. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20200. [PMID: 37780783 PMCID: PMC10539637 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with various applications. In this study, we aimed to optimize the extraction process for the total extraction yield of five flavonoid components, namely kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and astragalin from the Tetrastigma hemsleyanum root (THR), and explore its potential molecular mechanisms in treating oxidative diseases as well as antioxidant activity. To achieve these objectives, we employed the genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 4-factors and 3-levels to establish the optimal ethanol extraction process for the total extraction yield of the 5 components. Using public databases, the "component core targets-disease core target genes" networks were built, as well as molecular docking. Furthermore, DPPH was used to examine the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from THR under the optimal extraction process. The experimental value of the total extraction yield of the 5 components achieved a maximum of 788.12 mg/kg when the ethanol concentration was 73%, the solid-liquid ratio was 26 g/mL, and the ultrasonic duration was 30 min, and the ultrasonic temperature was 76 °C. When docked with protein molecules such as 6Y8I, quercetin, and other components received moderate to high scores. When the total concentration of the 5 components was 3.033 μg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 89.81%. Compared with the BBD method, the GA-BPNN method is more efficient and reliable for optimizing the extraction process of active ingredients in THR because of its good data-fitting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Shu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yehui Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Feifei Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jingmei Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
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21
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Al-Ghamdi MA, Alsulami RR, Bakkar A, Kumosani TA, Barrbour EK, Abulnaja KO, Huwait E, Moselhy SS. Khalas date flavonoids inhibited cell viability, induced apoptosis and expression of the pro-autophagy LC3-B gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3109-3113. [PMID: 36346382 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism important in human diseases as cancer. We evaluated the impact of khalas date extract (KDE) (20-60 mg/mL) on cell viability, morphological changes, DNA fragmentation and gene expression of LC3B-II associated with autophagosome on HepG2 cell line. The GC/MS identification of KDE showed its high content of flavonoids including quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and catechol. KDE reduced cell viability of HepG2 with IC50 (31.52 mg/mL). Cells treated with KDE showed two band of DNA fragments at (30 and 40 mg) indicating that KDE induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HepG2. The analysis RT-PCR data showed a 0.2-fold increase in the expression of LC3-B in the cells treated with KDE versus control. We concluded that, KDE flavonoids such as quercetin, myricetin kaempferol exhibited anticancer properties manifested by inhibition of HepG2 cell viability and induction of apoptosis and upregulation of the pro-autophagy LC3-B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdu Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawyah Radi Alsulami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Taha Abullah Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Production of natural products for industrial purposes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elie Kamil Barrbour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Production of natural products for industrial purposes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Director of R and D Department, Opticon Hygiene Consulting, Oechsli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Khalid Omar Abulnaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Bioactive natural products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etimad Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Production of natural products for industrial purposes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Salama Moselhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Sharma N, Gupta M, Nabi G, Biswas S, Ali S, Sarwat M. Variation in the anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer potential of different polarity extracts of saffron petals. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:249. [PMID: 37377980 PMCID: PMC10290976 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-obesity potential of saffron petal extract (SPE) prepared through the hydro-alcoholic extraction method. Further partitioning was done with a series of polar and non-polar solvents to find out the most potent fraction of SPE against HCC. Organoleptic characterization depicted the color, odor, taste, and texture of the sub-fractions of SPE. Phytochemical, and pharmacognostic screening of these fractions revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, and phenols. The quantitative assessment demonstrated that the n-butanol fraction showed maximum phenolic (60.8 mg GAE eq./mg EW), and flavonoid (23.3 mg kaempferol eq./mg EW) content. The anti-oxidant study revealed that the n-butanol fraction exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity, as assessed through DPPH and FRAP assay. The results of the comparative cytotoxic potential also showed n-butanol as the best against liver cancer cells (Huh-7), as it has the least IC50 value (462.8 µg/ml). While other extracts viz., chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions have IC50 values as 1088, 733.9, 1043, and 1245 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the n-butanol fraction exerted the highest inhibitory potential against α-amylase (92.5%) and pancreatic lipase enzymes (78%), indicating its anti-adipogenesis property. Based on the current finding, we can deduce that the n-butanol fraction of SPE has better cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anti-obesity potential than the other fractions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03669-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Gowher Nabi
- Molquest Diagnostic and Research Centre, New Delhi, 110059 India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Sher Ali
- Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
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23
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Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Ouassou H, Ouahhoud S, Ou-Yahia D, Loukili EH, Aherkou M, Mansouri F, Bencheikh N, Laaraj S, Bellaouchi R, Saalaoui E, Elfazazi K, Berrichi A, Abid M, Addi M. Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua var. Rahma) Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:840. [PMID: 37375787 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The botanical species Ceratonia siliqua L., commonly referred to as the Carob tree, and locally as "L'Kharrûb", holds significance as an agro-sylvo-pastoral species, and is traditionally utilized in Morocco for treating a variety of ailments. This current investigation aims to ascertain the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. siliqua leaves (CSEE). Initially, we analyzed the chemical composition of CSEE through high-performance liquid chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). Subsequently, we conducted various assessments, including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extract. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of CSEE against five bacterial strains (two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; and three gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Escherichia vekanda, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi (Candida albicans, and Geotrichum candidum). Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CSEE on three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436) and assessed the potential genotoxicity of the extract using the comet assay. Through HPLC-DAD analysis, we determined that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the primary constituents of the CSEE extract. The results of the DPPH test indicated a potent scavenging capacity of the extract with an IC50 of 302.78 ± 7.55 µg/mL, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 260.24 ± 6.45 µg/mL. Similarly, the β-carotene test demonstrated an IC50 of 352.06 ± 12.16 µg/mL, signifying the extract's potential to inhibit oxidative damage. The ABTS assay revealed IC50 values of 48.13 ± 3.66 TE µmol/mL, indicating a strong ability of CSEE to scavenge ABTS radicals, and the TAC assay demonstrated an IC50 value of 165 ± 7.66 µg AAE/mg. The results suggest that the CSEE extract had potent antioxidant activity. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the CSEE extract was effective against all five tested bacterial strains, indicating its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, it only showed moderate activity against the two tested fungal strains, suggesting it may not be as effective against fungi. The CSEE exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent inhibitory activity against all the tested tumor cell lines in vitro. The extract did not induce DNA damage at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL, as assessed by the comet assay. However, the 100 µg/mL concentration of CSEE resulted in a significant genotoxic effect compared to the negative control. A computational analysis was conducted to determine the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the constituent molecules present in the extract. The Prediction of Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) test was employed to forecast the potential biological activities of these molecules. Additionally, the toxicity of the molecules was evaluated using the Protox II webserver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Sabir Ouahhoud
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Douâae Ou-Yahia
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Centre de l'Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Aherkou
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed Vth University, N.U, Rabat B.P 8007, Morocco
- Centre Mohammed VI For Research and Innovation (CM6), Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat B.P 6212, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Salah Laaraj
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Elfazazi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelbasset Berrichi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Differential Apoptotic Effects of Bee Product Mixtures on Normal and Cancer Hepatic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030615. [PMID: 36978864 PMCID: PMC10045410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most effective anticancer drugs normally generate considerable cytotoxicity in normal cells; therefore, the preferential activation of apoptosis in cancer cells and the reduction of toxicity in normal cells is a great challenge in cancer research. Natural products with selective anticancer properties used as complementary medicine can help to achieve this goal. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the addition of bee products [propolis (PR) or royal jelly (RJ) or propolis and royal jelly (PR+RJ), 2–10%] to thyme (TH) and chestnut honeys (CH) on the differential anticancer properties, mainly the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, in normal and cancer hepatic cells. The cytotoxic effects of samples were analyzed using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (0–250 mg/mL) and the effects on apoptosis were analyzed using cell cycle analysis, TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DR5 (Death Receptor 5) and BAX (BCL-2-Associated X) activation, and caspases 8, 9, and 3 activities. Both honey samples alone and honey mixtures had no or very little apoptotic effect on normal cells. Antioxidant honey mixtures enhanced the apoptotic capacity of the corresponding honey alone via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Of all the samples, chestnut honey enriched with 10% royal jelly and 10% propolis (sample 14, CH+10RJ+10PR) showed the highest apoptotic effect on tumor liver cells. The enrichment of monofloral honey with bee products could be used together with conventional anticancer treatments as a dietary supplement without side effects. On the other hand, it could be included in the diet as a natural sweetener with high added value.
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Goswami MJ, Dutta U, Seema T, Bharali SJ, Yanka H, Tag H, Bharali P, Kakati D. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Extracts from Three Underutilized Food Plants of North East India. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200718. [PMID: 36562215 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three underutilized leafy vegetables Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) Gaudich (SP), Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. (IA) and Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (ZR) were extracted with different solvents viz. 95 % ethyl alcohol, methanol and hot water. The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay along with electroanalytical studies using cyclic voltammetry. The antidiabetic potential was determined by recording their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based phytochemical profiles of the extracts were also determined. All three extracts of SP exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic potential of the IA and ZR extracts was found to be higher than or at par with that of standard acarbose. LC/MS studies reveal the presence of hitherto reported antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds like gamma-aminobutyric acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, α-viniferin, piperlonguminine, niacin, kaempferol, etc., in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manab Jyoti Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Utpal Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Tage Seema
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Sourav Jyoti Bharali
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India.,Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (AEI), Sibasagar, Assam, 785697, India
| | - Hage Yanka
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Hui Tag
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Pankaj Bharali
- Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gjaziabad, India
| | - Dwipen Kakati
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
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Sun Y, Tao Q, Cao Y, Yang T, Zhang L, Luo Y, Wang L. Kaempferol has potential anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) targets based on bioinformatics analyses and pharmacological effects on endotoxin-induced cytokine storm. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36726236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has infected 272 million patients and caused 5.33 million deaths around the world, and it remains the main global threat. Previous studies revealed that Chinese traditional medicine is an effective treatment for COVID-19 infection. This study aims to reveal the pharmacological effects of kaempferol, which is the active component of Radix Bupleuri and Tripterygii Radix, and potential mechanisms for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we employed the bioinformatics methods to filter the anti-COVID-19 candidate genes of kaempferol, which mainly enriched in inflammation (TNF, JUN, etc.) and virus infection (AKT1, JNK, etc.). The Transcription levels of AKT1, JNK and JUN were significantly reduced by kaempferol treatment in the LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, kaempferol reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors by LPS-stimulated macrophages, inhibited MAPK/NF-κB signaling and regulated macrophage polarization to M2 type in vitro, and suppressed endotoxin-induced cytokine storm and improved survival in mice. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that kaempferol was probable to bind the COVID-19 protein 5R84 and formatted hydrogen bond with the residues, the free binding energy of which was lower than the original ligand. In summary, our current work indicates that kaempferol has anti-COVID-19 potential through the reduction of COVID-19-induced body dysfunction and molecule-protein interaction, and bioinformatics results clarify that some of these key target genes might serve as potential molecular markers for detecting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Arts & Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zalpoor H, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Shapourian H, Akbari A, Shahveh S, Nabi-Afjadi M, Minaei Beirami S, Tarhriz V. Kaempferol's potential effects against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-associated cancer progression and chemo-resistance. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1731-1739. [PMID: 36706035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hooriyeh Shapourian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdullatif Akbari
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Shahveh
- American Association of Naturopath Physician (AANP), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of biological science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Minaei Beirami
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Systematically Investigating the Pharmacological Mechanism of Momordica grosvenori in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1638966. [PMID: 36743462 PMCID: PMC9891827 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1638966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Momordica grosvenori (MG) in spinal cord injury (SCI) by network pharmacology analysis. Methods We searched for potential active MG compounds using the TCMSP database and the BATMAN-TCM platform. The Swiss target prediction database was used to find MG-related targets and the targets of SCI from the CTD, GeneCards, and DrugBank databases. Following that, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) study was carried out. Cytoscape software was used to calculate the hub gene, and R software was used to evaluate the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathways. Finally, molecular docking between the hub protein and important compounds was performed. We verified STAT3, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, and RXRA potential targets by quantitative PCR. Results We obtained 293 MG-anti-SCI targets with potential therapeutic utility by intersecting 346 MG-related targets and 7214 SCI-related targets. The top 10 identified genes, ranking in descending order of value, were SRC, STAT3, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, RXRA, AKT1, CREBBP, and JAK2. Through enrichment analysis and literature search, 10 signaling pathways were screened out. The molecular docking of important drugs and hub targets revealed that some had a higher binding affinity. The results of quantitative PCR indicated that MAPK1, RXRA, and STAT3 were expressed differently in in vitro experiments. Conclusion In conclusion, the current work indicated that MG might play an anti-SCI role via multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel interaction, which presents a novel idea for further research into the precise mechanism of MG-anti-SCI interaction.
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Zhao L, Yang L, Ahmad K. Kaempferol ameliorates palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221146780. [PMID: 36607234 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221146780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kaempferol (KMF), has beneficial effects against hepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of KMF on lipid accumulation. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of KMF and 0.5 mM palmitate (PA) for 24 h. The mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blot. The expression of Nrf2 was silenced using siRNA. RESULTS Data indicated that KMF (20 μM) reversed PA-induced increased triglyceride (TG) levels and total lipid content. These effects were accompanied by down-regulation of the mRNA and protein levels of lipogenic genes (FAS, ACC and SREBP1), and up-regulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (CPT-1, HADHα and PPARα). Kaempferol significantly decreased the levels of the oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA) and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx in PA-challenged cells. Luciferase analysis showed that KMF increased the transactivation of Nrf2 in hepatocytes. The results also revealed that KMF-mediated activation of Nrf2 target genes was suppressed by Nrf2 siRNA. Furthermore, Nrf2 siRNA abolished the KMF-induced reduction in ROS and MDA levels in PA treated cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of KMF on TG levels and the mRNA and protein levels of FAS, ACC and SREPB-1 were significantly abolished by Nrf2 inhibition. Nrf2 inhibition also suppressed the KMF-induced activation of genes involved in β oxidation (CPT-1 and PPAR-α). CONCLUSION The results suggest that KMF protects HepG2 cells from PA-induced lipid accumulation via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankang People's Hospital, Ankang, China
| | - Khalidamir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, 61775Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Daud M, Majeed W, Awan AM, Aslam B, Abdullah M, Syed M, Iqbal H, Roobi A, Kanwal HA, Aslam N. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Acacia jacquemontii Stem Extract against High-fat and CCl4-induced Liver Injury in Rat's Model. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:77-85. [PMID: 35747973 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220623122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis, activating myofibroblasts in the liver and secreting extracellular matrix proteins that make the fibrous scar. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to characterize the polyphenolic content present in Acacia jacquemontii stem and evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. METHODS The phenolic contents in Acacia jacquemontii polyphenolic extract (AJPPE) were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of AJPPE were determined through biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, and ALP), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL), antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, LPO, GSH, and CAT), anti-fibrotic activity (collagen deposition), and histopathological analysis. RESULTS HPLC analysis of AJPPE showed the presence of polyphenols, including chlorogenic acid, P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol, in a remarkable therapeutic range. Results of the in vivo analysis showed a significant decrease in the level of lipid profile, including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), TC (total cholesterol), triglycerides, liver function markers (AST, ALT, and ALP), collagen deposition and significantly increased the level of anti-oxidative biomarkers (CAT, SOD, LPO, and GSH) by using AJPPE. CONCLUSION The above-mentioned results have shown that AJPPE possesses significant antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects. Furthermore, histopathological results also supported the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of AJPPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daud
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Mehmood Awan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Syed
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Iqbal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alishbah Roobi
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Arooj Kanwal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Chen L, Jiang X, Gao S, Liu X, Gao Y, Kow ASF, Tham CL, Lee MT. Sensitization effect of kaempferol from persimmon leaves on HepG2 hepatoma cells with ABT-199 resistance and its molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032069. [PMID: 36386146 PMCID: PMC9663918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABT-199 (venetoclax) is the first-in-class selective B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor, which is known to be ineffective towards liver cancer cells. Here, we investigated the efficacy and the underlying molecular processes of the sensitization effect of kaempferol isolated from persimmon leaves (KPL) on the ABT-199-resistant HepG2 cells. The effects of various doses of KPL coupled with ABT-199 on the proliferation of HepG2 cells and on the H22 liver tumor-bearing mouse model were examined, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our findings showed that ABT-199 alone, in contrast to KPL, had no significant impact on hepatoma cell growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the combination therapy showed significantly higher anti-hepatoma efficacy. Mechanistic studies revealed that combining KPL and ABT-199 may promote both early and late apoptosis, as well as decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis showed that combination of KPL and ABT-199 significantly reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, raised the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, and enhanced cytochrome C release and Bax translocation. Therefore, KPL combined with ABT-199 has a potential application prospect in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | | | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Ming Tatt Lee,
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Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911712. [PMID: 36233012 PMCID: PMC9570183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.
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Effect of Kaempferol on the Biological Behavior of Human Colon Cancer via Regulating MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2841762. [PMID: 36147444 PMCID: PMC9489381 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2841762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a kind of flavonoid, which has a significant anticancer effect. MMPs were discovered with the function of cleaving the extracellular matrix. We utilized bioinformatics to analyze the association and bonding mode between the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomer composition (i.e., kaempferol) and the target proteins. The purpose of our research was to verify the effect of kaempferol on the biological behavior of human colon cancer cells HCT116 and HT29 and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 2, and 9 genes. We detected the changes in the biological behavior of colon cancer cells treated with kaempferol by CCK-8, wound healing assay, transwell migration/invasion assay, and flow cytometry. Meanwhile, we detected the expression difference of the target gene by qRT-PCR and western blot. Compared with the two control groups, the cell viability of the kaempferol group decreased, the rate of cell migration and the number of transmembrane cells in the kaempferol group decreased significantly, and the early apoptosis rate increased, the number of cells in the G1 phase increased and in the S phase decreased. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that the expression of target genes MMP1, 2, and 9 in the kaempferol group was lower than that in the two control groups. Kaempferol can significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of colon cancer cells; induce their apoptosis; and block the cell cycle. Meanwhile, the expression of MMP1, 2, and 9 genes was downregulated, which verified the results of bioinformatic analysis.
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Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Z-Guggulsterone Is a Potential Lead Molecule of Dawa-ul-Kurkum against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165104. [PMID: 36014345 PMCID: PMC9413334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An ancient saffron-based polyherbal formulation, Dawa-ul-Kurkum (DuK), has been used to treat liver ailments and other diseases and was recently evaluated for its anticancer potential against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by our research team. To gain further insight into the lead molecule of DuK, we selected ten active constituents belonging to its seven herbal constituents (crocin, crocetin, safranal, jatamansone, isovaleric acid, cinnamaldehyde, coumaric acid, citral, guggulsterone and dehydrocostus lactone). We docked them with 32 prominent proteins that play important roles in the development, progression and suppression of HCC and those involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to identify the binding interactions between them. Three reference drugs for HCC (sorafenib, regorafenib, and nivolumab) were also examined for comparison. The in silico studies revealed that, out of the ten compounds, three of them—viz., Z-guggulsterone, dehydrocostus lactone and crocin—showed good binding efficiency with the HCC and ER stress proteins. Comparison of binding affinity with standard drugs was followed by preliminary in vitro screening of these selected compounds in human liver cancer cell lines. The results provided the basis for selecting Z-guggulsterone as the best-acting phytoconstituent amongst the 10 studied. Further validation of the binding efficiency of Z-guggulsterone was undertaking using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The effects of Z-guggulsterone on clone formation and cell cycle progression were also assessed. The anti-oxidant potential of Z-guggulsterone was analyzed through DPPH and FRAP assays. qRTPCR was utilized to check the results at the in vitro level. These results indicate that Z-guggulsterone should be considered as the main constituent of DuK instead of the crocin in saffron, as previously hypothesized.
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Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (Nrf2) in the Recovery of Long COVID-19 Using Natural Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081551. [PMID: 36009268 PMCID: PMC9405009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is known as a long COVID syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and unbind the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), causing inhibition of Nrf2, which has an important role in antioxidant response and redox homeostasis. Disrupting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway enhances Nrf2 activity, and has been identified as a vital approach for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, natural antioxidants from various sources have been identified as a promising strategy to prevent oxidative stress, which plays a role in reducing the long COVID-19 symptoms. Oxygen-rich natural antioxidant compounds provide an effective Nrf2 activation effect that interact with the conserved amino acid residues in the Keap1-binding pocket, such as Ser602, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser555. In this review, the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds that can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is critical in reducing and curing long COVID-19, are highlighted and discussed.
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Molecular Interaction Studies and Phytochemical Characterization of Mentha pulegium L. Constituents with Multiple Biological Utilities as Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Anti-Hemolytic Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154824. [PMID: 35956775 PMCID: PMC9370026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biological functions of Mentha pulegium extract were evaluated in the current work. Phytochemical components of the M. pulegium extract were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, M. pulegium extract was estimated for antioxidant potential by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging, antimicrobial activity by well diffusion, and anticoagulant activity via prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). GC-MS analysis detected compounds including cholesterol margarate, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 19-nor-4-androstenediol, androstan-17-one, pulegone-1,2-epoxide, isochiapin B, dotriacontane, hexadecanoic acid and neophytadiene. Chrysoeriol (15.36 µg/mL) was followed by kaempferol (11.14 µg/mL) and 7-OH flavone (10.14 µg/mL), catechin (4.11 µg/mL), hisperdin (3.05 µg/mL), and luteolin (2.36 µg/mL) were detected by HPLC as flavonoids, in addition to ferulic (13.19 µg/mL), cinnamic (12.69 µg/mL), caffeic (11.45 µg/mL), pyrogallol (9.36 µg/mL), p-coumaric (5.06 µg/mL) and salicylic (4.17 µg/mL) as phenolics. Antioxidant activity was detected with IC50 18 µg/mL, hemolysis inhibition was recorded as 79.8% at 1000 μg/mL, and PT and APTT were at 21.5 s and 49.5 s, respectively, at 50 μg/mL of M. pulegium extract. The acute toxicity of M. pulegium extract was recorded against PC3 (IC50 97.99 µg/mL) and MCF7 (IC50 80.21 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity of M. pulegium extract was documented against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not against black fungus Mucor circinelloides. Molecular docking was applied using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) to explain the biological activity of neophytadiene, luteolin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol. These compounds could be suitable for the development of novel pharmacological agents for treatment of cancer and bacterial infections.
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Samuvel DJ, Nguyen NT, Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ, Wang X, Choo YM, Hamann MT, Zhong Z. Platanosides, a Potential Botanical Drug Combination, Decrease Liver Injury Caused by Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1779-1788. [PMID: 35815804 PMCID: PMC9788857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Platanosides (PTSs) isolated from the American sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis) represent a potential new four-molecule botanical drug class of antibiotics active against drug-resistant infectious disease. Preliminary studies have suggested that PTSs are safe and well tolerated and have antioxidant properties. The potential utility of PTSs in decreasing APAP hepatotoxicity in mice in addition to an assessment of their potential with APAP for the control of infectious diseases along with pain and pyrexia associated with a bacterial infection was investigated. On PTS treatment in mice, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were markedly decreased. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation decreased when mice overdosed with APAP were treated with PTSs. Computational studies suggested that PTSs may act as JNK-1/2 and Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors and that the isomeric mixture could provide greater efficacy than the individual molecules. Overall, PTSs represent promising botanical drugs for hepatoprotection and drug-resistant bacterial infections and are effective in protecting against APAP-related hepatotoxicity, which decreases liver necrosis and inflammation, iNOS expression, and oxidative and nitrative stresses, possibly by preventing persistent JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadoss J. Samuvel
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nga T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People Republic of China
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mark T. Hamann
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Alsharif KF, Hayat Khan A, Aschner M, Saso L. The Therapeutic Potential of Kaemferol and Other Naturally Occurring Polyphenols Might Be Modulated by Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway: Current Status and Future Direction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134145. [PMID: 35807387 PMCID: PMC9268049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid, which has been widely investigated in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic complications, and neurological disorders. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor involved in mediating carcinogenesis and other ailments, playing an important role in regulating oxidative stress. The activation of Nrf2 results in the expression of proteins and cytoprotective enzymes, which provide cellular protection against reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals, either alone or in combination, have been used to modulate Nrf2 in cancer and other ailments. Among them, kaempferol has been recently explored for its anti-cancer and other anti-disease therapeutic efficacy, targeting Nrf2 modulation. In combating cancer, diabetic complications, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders, kaempferol has been shown to regulate Nrf2 and reduce redox homeostasis. In this context, this review article highlights the current status of the therapeutic potential of kaempferol by targeting Nrf2 modulation in cancer, diabetic complications, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, we provide future perspectives on kaempferol targeting Nrf2 modulation as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad 45400, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amjad Hayat Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad 45400, Pakistan;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10463, USA;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (L.S.)
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Duchesnea indica Extract Ameliorates LPS-Induced Septic Shock in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5783867. [PMID: 35607518 PMCID: PMC9124116 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5783867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Duchesnea indica has been reported for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its efficacy in sepsis has yet to be reported. In this study, we studied the ability of Duchesnea indica extract (DIE) to rescue mice from septic shock and sepsis. Methods In vitro studies included the measurement of secreted nitric oxide, cell viability, gene and protein expression via real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, and confocal microscopy in RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo studies include a model of septic shock and sepsis in BALB/c mice induced by a lethal and sub-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results DIE suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS and prevented the translocation of NFκB into the nucleus of RAW 264.7 cells. It also prevented reactive oxygen species damage induced by LPS in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Models of sepsis and septic shock were established in BALB/c mice and DIE-rescued mice from septic shock. DIE also reversed the increase in tumor necrosis factor-α and nitrite levels in the serum of mice induced with sepsis. DIE also prevented the translocation of NFκB from the cytosol into the nucleus in murine lungs. Histopathological damage induced by sepsis was reversed in the testis, liver, and lungs of mice. Conclusion In conclusion, DIE is a suitable candidate for development as a therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Bangar SP, Chaudhary V, Sharma N, Bansal V, Ozogul F, Lorenzo JM. Kaempferol: A flavonoid with wider biological activities and its applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9580-9604. [PMID: 35468008 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactivities. This flavonol can reduce the lipid oxidation in the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure from deterioration and protect their functional integrity. This review has extensively highlighted the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activity of kaempferol. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of kaempferol greatly limit its applications. The utilization of advanced delivery systems can improve its stability, efficacy, and bioavailability. This is the first review that aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on biosynthesis, mechanism of action, bioactivities, bioavailability, and toxicological potential of kaempferol. Besides, it provides insights into the future direction on the improvement of bioavailability of kaempferol for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vandana Chaudhary
- College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Food Customization Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government of Home Science College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Singla RK, Dhir V, Madaan R, Kumar D, Singh Bola S, Bansal M, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singla S, Shen B. The Genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:769111. [PMID: 35479320 PMCID: PMC9036189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) comprises 139 species including 14 species used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, pain, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, microbial and mental disorders. Aim of the review: To search research gaps through critical assessment of pharmacological activities not performed to validate traditional claims of various species of Alternanthera. This review will aid natural product researchers in identifying Alternanthera species with therapeutic potential for future investigation. Materials and methods: Scattered raw data on ethnopharmacological, morphological, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various species of the genus Alternanthera have been compiled utilizing search engines like SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Open J-Gate for 100 years up to April 2021. Results: Few species of Alternanthera genus have been exhaustively investigated phytochemically, and about 129 chemical constituents related to different classes such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds have been isolated from 9 species. Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS depressive, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator effects have been explored in the twelve species of the genus. A toxicity study has been conducted on 3 species and a clinical study on 2 species. Conclusions: The available literature on pharmacological studies of Alternanthera species reveals that few species have been selected based on ethnobotanical surveys for scientific validation of their traditional claims. But most of these studies have been conducted on uncharacterized and non-standardized crude extracts. A roadmap of research needs to be developed for the isolation of new bioactive compounds from Alternanthera species, which can emerge out as clinically potential medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dhir
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Civil Hospital, Rampura Phul, India
| | - Simranjit Singh Bola
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
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Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target of Natural Products Enhancing Embryo Implantation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010053. [PMID: 35056110 PMCID: PMC8779555 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is an emerging health issue worldwide, and female infertility is intimately associated with embryo implantation failure. Embryo implantation is an essential process during the initiation of prenatal development. Recent studies have strongly suggested that autophagy in the endometrium is the most important factor for successful embryo implantation. In addition, several studies have reported the effects of various natural products on infertility improvement via the regulation of embryo implantation, embryo quality, and endometrial receptivity. However, it is unclear whether natural products can improve embryo implantation ability by regulating endometrial autophagy. Therefore, we performed a literature review of studies on endometrial autophagy, embryo implantation, natural products, and female infertility. Based on the information from these studies, this review suggests a new treatment strategy for female infertility by proposing natural products that have been proven to be safe and effective as endometrial autophagy regulators; additionally, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the regulation of endometrial autophagy by natural products and female infertility, with an emphasis on embryo implantation.
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Shaban NZ, El-Kot SM, Awad OM, Hafez AM, Fouad GM. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract on CCl 4-induced liver injury in male rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34969385 PMCID: PMC8719404 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the central pathogenic events in liver diseases. In this study, the protective and therapeutic role of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract (SE) was evaluated against the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Methods The air-dried papaya seeds were powdered and extracted with distilled water. The phytochemical ingredients, minerals, and antioxidant potentials were studied. For determination of the biological role of SE against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4, five groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared (8 rats per each): C: control; SE: rats were administered with SE alone; CCl4: rats were injected subcutaneously with CCl4; SE-CCl4 group: rats were administered with SE orally for 2 weeks before and 8 weeks during CCl4 injection; SE-CCl4-SE group: Rats were administered with SE and CCl4 as mentioned in SE-CCl4 group with a prolonged administration with SE for 4 weeks after the stopping of CCl4 injection. Then, the markers of OS [lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], inflammation [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β], apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)], liver and kidney functions beside liver histopathology were determined. Results The phytochemical analyses revealed that SE contains different concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and minerals so it has potent antioxidant activities. Therefore, the treatment with SE pre, during, and/or after CCl4 administration attenuated the OS induced by CCl4 where the LP was reduced, but the antioxidants (GSH, SOD, GST, and GPx) were increased. Additionally, these treatments reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4, since the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and p53 were declined. Accordingly, liver and kidney functions were improved. These results were confirmed by the histopathological results. Conclusions SE has protective and treatment roles against hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 administration through the reduction of OS, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 and its metabolites in the liver tissues. Administration of SE for healthy rats for 12 weeks had no adverse effects. Thus, SE can be utilized in pharmacological tools as anti-hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Sarah M El-Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Olfat M Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Afaf M Hafez
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Fouad
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zughaibi TA, Suhail M, Tarique M, Tabrez S. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Different Flavonoids: A Cancer Chemopreventive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12455. [PMID: 34830339 PMCID: PMC8621356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, globally, one of the main causes of death. Even though various therapies are available, they are still painful because of their adverse side effects. Available treatments frequently fail due to unpromising responses, resistance to classical anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low accessibility to tumor tissues. Developing novel strategies to minimize adverse side effects, improve chemotherapy sensitivity, and control cancer progression is needed. Many studies have suggested small dietary molecules as complementary treatments for cancer patients. Different components of herbal/edible plants, known as flavonoids, have recently garnered attention due to their broad biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective). These flavonoids have shown anticancer activity by affecting different signaling cascades. This article summarizes the key progress made in this area and discusses the role of flavonoids by specifically inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Namgyal D, Ali S, Hussain MD, Kazi M, Ahmad A, Sarwat M. Curcumin Ameliorates the Cd-Induced Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Neuro-Inflammatory Proteins in the Prefrontal Cortex Region of the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111710. [PMID: 34829581 PMCID: PMC8614802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and vascular dementia are major challenges to the modern health care system. Most neurodegenerative diseases are associated with impaired spatial working memory and anxiety-like behavior. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases in different regions of the brain to develop an effective therapeutic approach. In our previous research paper, we have reported the ameliorative effect of curcumin in Cd-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. However, recently many researchers had reported the important role of the prefrontal cortex in higher cognitive functions. Therefore, to look into the cellular mechanism of curcumin protection against Cd-induced prefrontal cortex neurotoxicity, we investigated spatial working memory, anxiety-like behavior and analyzed prefrontal cortex inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and pro-oxidant MDA level. Further, we conducted histological studies of the prefrontal cortex in Swiss albino mice exposed to cadmium (2.5 mg/kg). We observed that curcumin treatment improved the spatial working memory and anxiety-like behavior of mice through reduction of prefrontal cortex neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as well as increasing the number of viable prefrontal cortex neuronal cells. Our result suggests that environmental heavy metal cadmium can induce behavioral impairment in mice through prefrontal cortex cellular inflammation and oxidative stress. We found that curcumin has a potential therapeutic property to mitigate these behavioral and biochemical impairments induced by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Namgyal
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Muhammad Delwar Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, 120 N. Clovis Avenue, Clovis, CA 93612, USA;
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
- Correspondence:
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Awad AM, Kumar P, Ismail-Fitry MR, Jusoh S, Ab Aziz MF, Sazili AQ. Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Biomass and Their Application in Meat as Natural Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1465. [PMID: 34573097 PMCID: PMC8466011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are rich in various bioactive compounds exerting antioxidants effects, such as phenolics, catechins, flavonoids, quercetin, anthocyanin, tocopherol, rutin, chlorogenic acid, lycopene, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vitamin C, protocatechuic acid, vitamin E, carotenoids, β-carotene, myricetin, kaempferol, carnosine, zeaxanthin, sesamol, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and carnosol. The extraction processing protocols such as solvent, time, temperature, and plant powder should be optimized to obtain the optimum yield with the maximum concentration of active ingredients. The application of novel green extraction technologies has improved extraction yields with a high concentration of active compounds, heat-labile compounds at a lower environmental cost, in a short duration, and with efficient utilization of the solvent. The application of various combinations of extraction technologies has proved to exert a synergistic effect or to act as an adjunct. There is a need for proper identification, segregation, and purification of the active ingredients in plant extracts for their efficient utilization in the meat industry, as natural antioxidants. The present review has critically analyzed the conventional and green extraction technologies in extracting bioactive compounds from plant biomass and their utilization in meat as natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzaidi Mohammed Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (A.M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (A.M.A.); (P.K.)
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Shokri Jusoh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.J.); (M.F.A.A.)
| | - Muhamad Faris Ab Aziz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.J.); (M.F.A.A.)
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (A.M.A.); (P.K.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (S.J.); (M.F.A.A.)
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