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Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Escoto-Vasquez LS, Heboyan A. Salivary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in patients with oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:960. [PMID: 39107689 PMCID: PMC11302223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA is an important target for oxidative attack and its modification may increase the risk of mutagenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare salivary levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with oral cancer (OC) compared to the control group by a comprehensive search of the available literature. METHODS The present systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X3YMR. Four electronic databases were used to identify studies for this systematic review: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science from January 15, 2005, to April 15, 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess article quality. RESULTS Of the 166 articles identified, 130 articles were excluded on the basis of title and abstract screening (duplicates, reviews, etc.). Thirty-six articles were evaluated at full text and 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 5 studies had compatible data for quantitative analysis. An increase in salivary 8-OHdG levels was found in patients with OC compared to healthy subjects, but without statistical significance. 8-OHdG: SMD = 2,72 (95%CI= -0.25-5.70); *p = 0.07. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a clear trend of increased 8-OHdG levels in saliva of OC patients compared to the control group. However, further studies are required to clarify and understand the altered levels of this oxidative stress marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, 39090, Mexico.
| | - Lilibeth-Stephania Escoto-Vasquez
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Postgraduate Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St, Tehran, Iran.
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Muthuramalingam P, Jeyasri R, Varadharajan V, Priya A, Dhanapal AR, Shin H, Thiruvengadam M, Ramesh M, Krishnan M, Omosimua RO, Sathyaseelan DD, Venkidasamy B. Network pharmacology: an efficient but underutilized approach in oral, head and neck cancer therapy-a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410942. [PMID: 39035991 PMCID: PMC11257993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral cancers, as well as thyroid carcinoma. This review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of natural network pharmacology using compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for combating these malignancies. NP serves as a pivotal tool that provides a comprehensive view of the interactions among compounds, genes, and diseases, thereby contributing to the advancement of disease treatment and management. In parallel, this review discusses the significance of publicly accessible databases in the identification of oral, head, and neck cancer-specific genes. These databases, including those for head and neck oral cancer, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, and genomic variants of oral cancer, offer valuable insights into the genes, miRNAs, drugs, and genetic variations associated with these cancers. They serve as indispensable resources for researchers, clinicians, and drug developers, contributing to the pursuit of precision medicine and improved treatment of these challenging malignancies. In summary, advancements in NP could improve the globalization and modernization of traditional medicines and prognostic targets as well as aid in the development of innovative drugs. Furthermore, this review will be an eye-opener for researchers working on drug development from traditional medicines by applying NP approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Anand Raj Dhanapal
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore, India
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Murugesan Krishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Divyan Devasir Sathyaseelan
- Department of General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Letafati A, Taghiabadi Z, Zafarian N, Tajdini R, Mondeali M, Aboofazeli A, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Jazayeri SM. Emerging paradigms: unmasking the role of oxidative stress in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38956668 PMCID: PMC11218399 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-024-00581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the human papillomavirus (HPV) to cancer is significant but not exclusive, as carcinogenesis involves complex mechanisms, notably oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and HPV can independently cause genome instability and DNA damage, contributing to tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, especially double-strand breaks, aids in the integration of HPV into the host genome and promotes the overexpression of two viral proteins, E6 and E7. Lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking, alcohol, and psychological stress, along with genetic and epigenetic modifications, and viral oncoproteins may influence oxidative stress, impacting the progression of HPV-related cancers. This review highlights various mechanisms in oxidative-induced HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, including altered mitochondrial morphology and function leading to elevated ROS levels, modulation of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), induction of chronic inflammatory environments, and activation of specific cell signaling pathways like the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Protein kinase B, Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. The study highlights the significance of comprehending and controlling oxidative stress in preventing and treating cancer. We suggested that incorporating dietary antioxidants and targeting cancer cells through mechanisms involving ROS could be potential interventions to mitigate the impact of oxidative stress on HPV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghiabadi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Zafarian
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Tajdini
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mondeali
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aboofazeli
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Zami Z, Pachuau L, Bawihtlung Z, Khenglawt L, Hlupuii L, Lalthanpuii C, Hruaii V, Lalhruaitluanga H, Kumar NS. Treatment regimens and survival among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from Mizo tribal population in northeast India - a single centre, retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 24:100377. [PMID: 38444884 PMCID: PMC10914477 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with early-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are treated using a single-modality approach that involves either surgery (S) or radiotherapy (RT). Conversely, those with advanced-stage disease are treated using a multi-modality approach incorporating a combination of chemotherapy (CT), RT and S. In addition to behavioural factors, such as alcohol and tobacco use, clinical parameters, such as leukocyte and neutrophil counts and T and N classification, have been linked to the survival of patients with head and neck cancer. This retrospective study was designed to provide insights into the types of treatment (induction chemotherapy [IC], concurrent chemoradiotherapy [CCRT], S and RT) administered to patients with HNSCC in Mizoram, analyse their 2-year outcome, and identify potential factors that may affect the response to treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patients diagnosed with HNSCC between 2017 and 2020 in Mizoram, northeast India. Data on clinical and demographic factors and treatments provided were collected from medical records from the Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Mizoram. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were determined for each factor using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the factors that affected OS and PFS. Multicollinearity test was performed between the predictors using a variance inflation factor cut-off point of 2. Findings A retrospective study was performed on 210 patients with HNSCC who were followed up for a period of 2 years. The findings revealed that hypopharynx was the most affected site, followed by the nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. Regarding treatment regimens, 85/210 (40.5%) of the patients received IC along with CCRT or RT in a sequential manner. Moreover, 86/210 (41.0%) underwent CCRT alone, 22/210 (10.5%) received RT alone and 17/210 (8.1%) underwent surgery followed by adjuvant CCRT or RT. Two-year OS and PFS estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis were 78.1% (95% CI = 72.4%-84.2%) and 57.4% (95% CI = 50.8%-64.8%), respectively. Log-rank test showed that leucocytosis (p = 0.015) and neutrophilia (p = 0.014) exerted effects on OS, whereas nodal involvement (p = 0.005), neutrophilia (p = 0.043) and IC (p = 0.010) exerted effects on PFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that leucocytosis (p = 0.010 [OS], 0.025 [PFS]), neutrophilia (p = 0.029, 0.033), cancer site (laryngeal) (p = 0.009, 0.028) and nodal involvement (N2) (p = 0.020, 0.001) were predictors of poor OS and PFS. Interpretation OS was better than PFS in HNSCC patients from Mizo population. Multi-modality approach offered survival advantages over single-modality approach. Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, nodal involvement, and cancer sites were associated with poor OS and PFS. More comprehensive research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm the findings from this study. Funding There is no funding for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zothan Zami
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, 796004, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lallianmawii Pachuau
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, 796004, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | | | - Lal Hlupuii
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, 796017, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Cindy Lalthanpuii
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, 796017, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Vanlal Hruaii
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, 796017, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Sari EF, Johnson NW, McCullough MJ, Cirillo N. Prevalence and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study undertaken in 5 provinces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5232. [PMID: 38433259 PMCID: PMC10909850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection of subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders in a population is key to early detection of oral cancer (OC) with consequent reduction of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for OPMD in representative provinces of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in five Indonesian provinces: West Java (WJ), Jakarta (JKT), West Papua (WP), West Kalimantan (WK) and Banda Aceh (BA). Respondents answered a previously validated questionnaire including information on ethnicity, occupation, socioeconomic status (SES), oral health practices, and behaviours associated with oral cancer. An oral examination was undertaken using WHO standardized methodology. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Chi-Square, and logistic regression to assess association between risk factors and mucosal disease. A total of 973 respondents between the ages of 17 and 82 years was enrolled (WJ 35.5%,JKT 13.3% WP 18.3%, WK 9%, BA 23.9%). Tobacco smoking (14.8%), Betel quid (BQ) chewing (12.6%) and alcohol drinking (4%) varied geographically. A well-established OPMD was detected in 137 (14.1%) respondents and 2 (0.2%) presented with chronic ulceration later diagnosed as OC. Leukoplakia was the most common OPMD found (9.7%), while the prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), not previously described in the nation, was 2.3%. Poor knowledge of OC risk factors, poor oral hygiene behaviours, low-income SES and ethnicity were significantly associated with the presence of an OPMD. There is a previously under-reported high prevalence of OPMD in Indonesia. Overall, we found a strong correlation between the presence of an OPMD and individual habituation to known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fitriana Sari
- Dentistry and Oral Health Discipline, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, 3552, Australia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute QueenslandSchool of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael John McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720, Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720, Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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6
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Guerra ENS, Amorim dos Santos J, Coletta RD, De Luca Canto G. Strategies for evidence-based in head and neck cancer: practical examples in developing systematic review questions. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1350535. [PMID: 38370875 PMCID: PMC10869504 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1350535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review (SR) requires several steps to be conducted. A major and initial challenge is to formulate a focused research question that may have high scientific relevance to provide evidence-based results and strategies. This narrative mini-review aims to present different categories of systematic reviews currently applied in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC), focusing on the strategies to provide results for evidence-based decision making. The SRs identified were of intervention, diagnostic testing, prognosis, in vitro and in vivo studies, prevalence, and epidemiological studies, and of association and risk factors. Focused questions that define the type of review, whether it is a therapy question (intervention), a question of prevalence or an outcome (prognosis) of disease, are discussed. Additionally, the importance in building interesting research questions and following all proposed steps to produce quality evidence are highlighted. This narrative mini-review may guide future research by showing how to perform and report relevant evidence in terms of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Ferraguti G, Terracina S, Tarani L, Fanfarillo F, Allushi S, Caronti B, Tirassa P, Polimeni A, Lucarelli M, Cavalcanti L, Greco A, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor and the Role of Inflammation in Tumor Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:965-989. [PMID: 38392180 PMCID: PMC10888178 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a dual role both in inflammatory states and cancer, acting both as a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic factor and as an anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mediator in a context-dependent way based on the signaling networks and its interaction with diverse cellular components within the microenvironment. This report aims to provide a summary and subsequent review of the literature on the role of NGF in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and tumor cell growth, survival, and death. The role of NGF in inflammation and tumorigenesis as a component of the inflammatory system, its interaction with the various components of the respective microenvironments, its ability to cause epigenetic changes, and its role in the treatment of cancer have been highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanfarillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Allushi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Caronti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Fanfarillo F, Ferraguti G, Lucarelli M, Francati S, Barbato C, Minni A, Ceccanti M, Tarani L, Petrella C, Fiore M. The Impact of ROS and NGF in the Gliomagenesis and their Emerging Implications in the Glioma Treatment. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:449-462. [PMID: 37016521 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230403105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS sources can be endogenous, such as cellular organelles and inflammatory cells, or exogenous, such as ionizing radiation, alcohol, food, tobacco, chemotherapeutical agents and infectious agents. Oxidative stress results in damage of several cellular structures (lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, and DNA) and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. A large body of studies showed that ROS plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Indeed, increased production of ROS causes accumulation in DNA damage leading to tumorigenesis. Various investigations demonstrated the involvement of ROS in gliomagenesis. The most common type of primary intracranial tumor in adults is represented by glioma. Furthermore, there is growing attention on the role of the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in brain tumor pathogenesis. NGF is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. It is involved in neuronal differentiation, proliferation and survival. Studies were conducted to investigate NGF pathogenesis's role as a pro- or anti-tumoral factor in brain tumors. It has been observed that NGF can induce both differentiation and proliferation in cells. The involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of brain tumors leads to the hypothesis of a possible implication of NGF in new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have focused on the role of neurotrophin receptors as potential targets in glioma therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the role of ROS and NGF in gliomagenesis and their emerging role in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
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9
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Jiang M, Yang Z, Dai J, Wu T, Jiao Z, Yu Y, Ning K, Chen W, Yang A. Intratumor microbiome: selective colonization in the tumor microenvironment and a vital regulator of tumor biology. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e376. [PMID: 37771912 PMCID: PMC10522974 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic microbiome has been proposed as a new hallmark of cancer. Intratumor microbiome has been revealed to play vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression, but the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In this review, we illustrated that similar to other components in the tumor microenvironment, the reside and composition of intratumor microbiome are regulated by tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The intratumor hypoxic, immune suppressive, and highly permeable microenvironment may select certain microbiomes, and tumor cells may directly interact with microbiome via molecular binding or secretions. Conversely, the intratumor microbiomes plays vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression via regulating the mutational landscape, the function of genes in tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment, including immunity, inflammation, angiogenesis, stem cell niche, etc. Moreover, intratumor microbiome is regulated by anti-cancer therapies and actively influences therapy response, which could be a therapeutic target or engineered to be a therapy weapon in the clinic. This review highlights the intratumor microbiome as a vital component in the tumor microenvironment, uncovers potential mutual regulatory mechanisms between the tumor microenvironment and intratumor microbiome, and points out the ongoing research directions and drawbacks of the research area, which should broaden our view of microbiome and enlighten further investigation directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Department of Intensive Care UnitSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zan Jiao
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
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10
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Toorang F, Seyyedsalehi MS, Sasanfar B, Rashidian H, Hadji M, Mohebbi E, Safari R, Najefi F, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, Bofetta P, Zendehdel K. Dietary total antioxidant capacity and head and neck cancer: a large case-control study in Iran. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226446. [PMID: 37841408 PMCID: PMC10569465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the association between head and neck cancer (HNC) and dietary factors are inconclusive. No study has so far investigated the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and HNC concerning interactions with other risk factors. Method Pathologically confirmed new diagnosed HNC patients were included in this study. The control group was healthy hospital visitors who were frequently matched with patients on age (5 years interval), gender, and province of residence. Trained interviewers administered a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the participants' food intake 1 year before the cancer diagnosis. Data on TAC scores of foods was collected by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Parameters (TRAP) from published data. We applied logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, socioeconomic status, province, opium use, alcohol use, physical activity, and dental health. We also studied the interaction of dTAC with tobacco smoking status, and opium use on the risk of HNC. Results We recruited 876 HNC patients and 3,409 healthy controls. We observed a significant decrease in the odds of HNC with increasing dTAC scores. The OR of HNC for the third vs. the first tertile was 0.49 (95%CI 0.39-0.61) for FRAP and 0.49 (95%CI 0.39-0.62) for TRAP. Both dTAC scores were inversely associated with lip and oral (T3 ver. T1 OR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.36-0.71 for FRAP and OR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.44-0.82 for TRAP) and larynx (T3 ver. T1 OR = 0.43; 95%CI 0.31-0.61 for FRAP and OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.26-0.55 for TRAP) cancers. There was no interaction between tobacco smoking, opium use; and TRAP or FRAP on the risk of HNC. Conclusion An antioxidant-rich diet in terms of FRAP or TRAP could decrease the risk of HNC and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Toorang
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bahareh Sasanfar
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Roya Safari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najefi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Paolo Bofetta
- Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Fiore M, Minni A, Cavalcanti L, Raponi G, Puggioni G, Mattia A, Gariglio S, Colizza A, Meliante PG, Zoccali F, Tarani L, Barbato C, Lucarelli M, Ceci FM, Francati S, Ferraguti G, Ceccanti M, Petrella C. The Impact of Alcohol Consumption and Oral Microbiota on Upper Aerodigestive Tract Carcinomas: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1233. [PMID: 37371963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress and an increased risk of carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT). Recently, it has been found that some microorganisms in the human oral cavity may locally metabolize ethanol, forming acetaldehyde, a carcinogenic metabolite of alcohol. In a cohort of patients first visited for UADT cancers, we estimated their alcohol consumption by measuring Ethyl Glucuronide/EtG (a long-lasting metabolite of ethanol) in the hair and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin/CDT (short-term index of alcohol intake) in the serum. Moreover, we analyzed, by culture-based methods, the presence of Neisseria subflava, Streptococcus mitis, Candida albicans, and glabrata (microorganisms generating acetaldehyde) in the oral cavity. According to the EtG values, we correlated drinking alcohol with endogenous oxidative stress and the investigated microorganism's presence. We found that 55% of heavy drinkers presented microorganisms generating acetaldehyde locally. Moreover, we found that the presence of oral acetaldehyde-producing bacteria correlates with increased oxidative stress compared to patients without such bacteria. As for the study of alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms (the enzyme that transforms alcohol to acetaldehyde), we found that only the "CGTCGTCCC" haplotype was more frequent in the general population than in carcinoma patients. This pilot study suggests the importance of estimating alcohol consumption (EtG), the presence of bacteria producing acetaldehyde, and oxidative stress as risk factors for the onset of oral carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, ASL Rieti-Sapienza University, Viale Kennedy, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Giammarco Raponi
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Puggioni
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattia
- Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza, Direzione Centrale di Sanità, Centro di Ricerche e Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Ministero dell'Interno, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Gariglio
- DIFAR-Department of Pharmacy, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Federica Zoccali
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- ASL Roma1, SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
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12
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Smędra A, Berent J. The Influence of the Oral Microbiome on Oral Cancer: A Literature Review and a New Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050815. [PMID: 37238685 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our recent article (Smędra et al.: Oral form of auto-brewery syndrome. J Forensic Leg Med. 2022; 87: 102333), we showed that alcohol production can occur in the oral cavity (oral auto-brewery syndrome) due to a disruption in the microbiota (dysbiosis). An intermediate step on the path leading to the formation of alcohol is acetaldehyde. Typically, acetic aldehyde is transformed into acetate particles inside the human body via acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Unfortunately, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is low in the oral cavity, and acetaldehyde remains there for a long time. Since acetaldehyde is a recognised risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity, we decided to analyse the relationship linking the oral microbiome, alcohol, and oral cancer using the narrative review method, based on browsing articles in the PubMed database. In conclusion, enough evidence supports the speculation that oral alcohol metabolism must be assessed as an independent carcinogenic risk. We also hypothesise that dysbiosis and the production of acetaldehyde from non-alcoholic food and drinks should be treated as a new factor for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smędra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 91-304 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Berent
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 91-304 Lodz, Poland
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13
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Melariri H, Els T, Oyedele O, Suttle TK, Bermosky KT, De Freitas A, Murtaza A, Moosajee M, Melariri PE. Prevalence of locoregional recurrence and survival post-treatment of head and neck cancers in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101964. [PMID: 37125401 PMCID: PMC10139903 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent cancers of the head and neck are associated with poor survival outcome. Yet, their burden in Africa is not reliably known. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence of recurrence and the 5-year overall survival among patients treated for head and neck cancers (HNC) in Africa. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four electronic databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) and the grey literature for studies reporting the prevalence of HNC recurrence and 5-year overall survival post treatment, published between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2022. We contacted corresponding authors of relevant studies. Searches were extended to reference lists of review articles and other relevant sources for potentially eligible studies. Each record was assessed for inclusion or exclusion by two independent reviewers. Records with individual-level data on recurrence and survival conducted in Africa were included while exclusion was based on the study design and availability of relevant data. Data were independently extracted by three reviewers from eligible studies, and summary estimates were sought. Our primary outcomes were recurrence and 5-year overall survival of patients who have been treated for HNC, and our secondary outcomes included risk factors, tumor site, squamous cell histology, clinical stage of tumor, and treatment options received. Only records selected for primary outcomes were assessed for secondary outcome data extraction. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for each outcome. Meta-regression models were used in addressing sample heterogeneity among the studies. Protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022372307. Findings This systematic review and meta-analysis returned 3998 records, yielding 28 included studies after exclusion. Eighteen studies reported on the prevalence of HNC recurrence while 24 articles reported on the 5-year overall survival. Of the pooled total study population, 7199 (70.5%) of 10,218 patients were males while 2603 (25.5%) were females. We found that the prevalence of HNC recurrence was 15.4% (I2 = 96.2%; 95% CI: 9.5-22.3; n = 3214; k = 18), and the 5-year overall survival was 54.4% (I2 = 99.5%; 95% CI: 40.1-68.4; n = 9798; k = 24). We also found that the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for HNC were 42.6% (I2 = 98.8%; 95% CI: 25.2-61.0; n = 4374; k = 15) and 35.8% (I2 = 98.9%; 95% CI: 21.7-51.4; n = 4110; k = 11) respectively. The pooled current prevalence for advanced HNC (clinical stages III-IV) was 80.0% (I2 = 99.2%; 95% CI: 68.6-89.5; n = 7624; k = 18) compared to 12.2% (I2 = 96.4%; 95% CI: 6.2-19.8; n = 7624; k = 18) in early disease (clinical stages I-II). Interpretation The results showed significantly high prevalence of cancer recurrence, poor 5-year overall survival and very high prevalence of advanced cancers at time of diagnosis. This study provides robust evidence for strategies towards prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of HNC to improve patients' outcome in the African continent. Funding This study was not supported by any funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Melariri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Buckingham Road, Mount Croix, Gqeberha, South Africa.
| | - Timothy Els
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa Oyedele
- Department of Computing, Mathematical, and Statistical Sciences, School of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Tessa K. Suttle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Kim Theresa Bermosky
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Adelaide De Freitas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Amir Murtaza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Moosajee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Paula E. Melariri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Association between the Processed Dietary Pattern and Tumor Staging in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051476. [PMID: 36900268 PMCID: PMC10001054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and tumor staging and the degree of cell differentiation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 136 individuals newly diagnosed with different stages of HNSCC, aged 20- to 80 years-old. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), using data collected from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinicopathological data were collected from patients' medical records. Disease staging was categorized as initial stage (stages I and II), intermediary (stage III), and advanced (stage IV). Cell differentiation was categorized as poor, moderate, or well-differentiated. The association of dietary patterns with tumor staging and cell differentiation was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Three dietary patterns, "healthy," "processed," and "mixed," were identified. The "processed" dietary pattern was associated with intermediary (odds ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-4.26; p = 0.001) and advanced (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.12-2.84; p = 0.015) staging. No association was found between dietary patterns and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION A high adherence to dietary patterns based on processed foods is associated with advanced tumor staging in patients newly diagnosed with HNSCC.
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15
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Diagnostic Predictors of Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050862. [PMID: 36900006 PMCID: PMC10001329 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) binds PD-1 on CD8+ lymphocytes, inhibiting their cytotoxic action. Its aberrant expression by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells leads to immune escape. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two humanized monoclonal antibodies against PD-1, have been approved in HNSCC treatment, but ~60% of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC fail to respond to immunotherapy and only 20 to 30% of treated patients have long-term benefits. The purpose of this review is to analyze all the fragmentary evidence present in the literature to identify what future diagnostic markers could be useful for predicting, together with PD-L1 CPS, the response to immunotherapy and its durability. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and we summarize the evidence collected in this review. We confirmed that PD-L1 CPS is a predictor of response to immunotherapy, but it should be measured across multiple biopsies and repeatedly over time. PD-L2, IFN-γ, EGFR, VEGF, TGF-β, TMB, blood TMB, CD73, TILs, alternative splicing, tumor microenvironment, and some macroscopic and radiological features are promising predictors worthy of further studies. Studies comparing predictors appear to give greater potency to TMB and CXCR9.
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16
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Gabanella F, Colizza A, Mottola MC, Francati S, Blaconà G, Petrella C, Barbato C, Greco A, Ralli M, Fiore M, Corbi N, Ferraguti G, Corsi A, Minni A, de Vincentiis M, Passananti C, Di Certo MG. The RNA-Binding Protein SMN as a Novel Player in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021794. [PMID: 36675308 PMCID: PMC9864193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx, sino-nasal region, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one-third of all head and neck cancers. Dysregulated RNA-related pathways define an important molecular signature in this aggressive carcinoma. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein regulates fundamental aspects of the RNA metabolism but, curiously, its role in cancer is virtually unknown. For the first time, here, we focus on the SMN in the cancer context. We conducted a pilot study in a total of 20 patients with LSCC where the SMN was found overexpressed at both the protein and transcript levels. By a cellular model of human laryngeal carcinoma, we demonstrated that the SMN impacts cancer-relevant behaviors and perturbs key players of cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, in LSCC we showed a physical interaction between the SMN and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whose overexpression is an important feature in these tumors. This study proposes the SMN protein as a novel therapeutic target in LSSC and likely in the whole spectrum of HNSCC. Overall, we provide the first analysis of the SMN in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mottola
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Blaconà
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
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Terracina S, Petrella C, Francati S, Lucarelli M, Barbato C, Minni A, Ralli M, Greco A, Tarani L, Fiore M, Ferraguti G. Antioxidant Intervention to Improve Cognition in the Aging Brain: The Example of Hydroxytyrosol and Resveratrol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415674. [PMID: 36555317 PMCID: PMC9778814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both physiological and pathological aging processes induce brain alterations especially affecting the speed of processing, working memory, conceptual reasoning and executive functions. Many therapeutic approaches to reduce the impact of brain aging on cognitive functioning have been tested; unfortunately, there are no satisfactory results as a single therapy. As aging is partly contributed by free radical reactions, it has been proposed that exogenous antioxidants could have a positive impact on both aging and its associated manifestations. The aim of this report is to provide a summary and a subsequent review of the literature evidence on the role of antioxidants in preventing and improving cognition in the aging brain. Manipulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms through nutritional antioxidants or pharmacological compounds represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing brain tissue damage, such as neurodegeneration. Coherently with this notion, antioxidants, especially those derived from the Mediterranean diet such as hydroxytyrosol and resveratrol, seem to be able to delay and modulate the cognitive brain aging processes and decrease the occurrence of its effects on the brain. The potential preventive activity of antioxidants should be evaluated in long-term exposure clinical trials, using preparations with high bioavailability, able to bypass the blood-brain barrier limitation, and that are well standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC—CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC—CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC—CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.F.)
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18
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Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315384. [PMID: 36499710 PMCID: PMC9738355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.
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Haehl E, Alvino L, Rühle A, Zou J, Fabian A, Grosu AL, Nicolay NH. Sarcopenia as a Prognostic Marker in Elderly Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Undergoing (Chemo-)Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225536. [PMID: 36428629 PMCID: PMC9688610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with reduced survival and increased toxicity in malignant diseases. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and is an important cause of functional decline. We analyzed sarcopenia and sarcopenia dynamics in elderly head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing (chemo)radiation. Skeletal muscle mass of 280 elderly HNSCC-patients (>65 yrs) receiving curative (chemo)radiation was manually outlined and quantified on CT scans at the level of the C3 (C3MA). Cross-sectional muscle area at L3 (L3MA) was calculated and normalized to height (L3MI). Frequency distributions of clinical parameters as well as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and locoregional control (LRC) were calculated regarding sarcopenia. Calculated L3MA correlated with pretherapeutic hemoglobin-levels (ρ = 0.280) bodyweight (ρ = 0.702) and inversely with patient-age (ρ = −0.290). Sarcopenic patients featured larger tumors (T3/4 69.0% vs. 52.8%, p < 0.001), a higher burden of comorbidity (age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index 4.8 vs. 4.2, p = 0.015) and more severe chronic toxicities (CTCAE grade 3/4 24.0% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.022). OS was significantly deteriorated in sarcopenic patients with a median of 23 vs. 91 months (logrank p = 0.002) (HR 1.79, CI 1.22−2.60, p = 0.003) and sarcopenia remained an independent prognostic factor for reduced OS in the multivariate analysis (HR 1.64, CI 1.07−2.52, p = 0.023). After therapy, 33% of previously non-sarcopenic patients developed sarcopenia, while 97% of pre-treatment sarcopenic remained sarcopenic. Median bodyweight decreased by 6.8%, whereas median calculated L3MA decreased by 2.4%. In contrast to pretherapeutic, post-therapeutic sarcopenia is no prognosticator for reduced OS. Pretherapeutic sarcopenia is a significant prognostic factor in elderly HNSCC patients undergoing (chemo-)radiation and should be considered in pretherapeutic decision-making. Its role as a predictive marker for tailored supportive interventions merits further prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Haehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Alvino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiadai Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Fabian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H. Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Stephanstr. 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10040037. [PMID: 36412636 PMCID: PMC9680331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. METHODS Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). RESULTS Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes.
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The Intratumor Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Is Characterized by HPV, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113250. [PMID: 36362038 PMCID: PMC9655846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes are significantly influenced by etiological agents, such as HPV infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Accordingly, the intratumor microbiome has been increasingly implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. However, few studies characterize the intratumor microbial landscape of HNSCC with respect to these etiological agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bacterial and fungal landscape of HNSCC in association with HPV infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RNA-sequencing data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) regarding 449 tissue samples and 44 normal samples. Pathoscope 2.0 was used to extract the microbial reads. Microbe abundance was compared to clinical variables, oncogenic signatures, and immune-associated pathways. Our results demonstrated that a similar number of dysregulated microbes was overabundant in smokers and nonsmokers, while heavy drinkers were characterized by an underabundance of dysregulated microbes. Conversely, the majority of dysregulated microbes were overabundant in HPV+ tumor samples when compared to HPV- tumor samples. Moreover, we observed that many dysregulated microbes were associated with oncogenic and metastatic pathways, suggesting their roles in influencing carcinogenesis. These microbes provide insights regarding potential mechanisms for tumor pathogenesis and progression with respect to the three etiological agents.
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22
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Mohammadi MD, Abbas F, Louis H, Afahanam LE, Gber TE. Intermolecular Interactions between Nitrosourea and Polyoxometalate compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Lucy E. Afahanam
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Terkumbu E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
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Caruntu A, Scheau C, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Calenic B, Caruntu C, Tanase C. The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185398. [PMID: 36143043 PMCID: PMC9503270 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex interweb of cells and mediators balancing carcinogenesis, inflammation, and the immune response. However, cytokines are not only secreted within the TME but also released by a variety of other cells that do not comprise the TME; therefore, a thorough assessment of humoral changes in OSCC should include the measurement of serum cytokines. Methods: We assessed the role of various serum cytokines in the evolution of OSCC, before and after treatment, versus a control group. We measured the serum concentrations of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Results: Significantly higher values (p < 0.01) were noted for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the OSCC group before treatment (n = 13) compared with the control group (n = 14), and the increased concentrations persisted after treatment (n = 11). Furthermore, the variations in the values of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α are correlated both before and after treatment (p < 0.01). In the pretherapeutic group, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations also correlate with IL-1β and IL-10 serum levels (p < 0.01), while in the posttherapeutic group, IL-4 varies with MIP-1α and TNF-α (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In OSCC patients, serum cytokine levels are significantly higher compared with control, but they are not significantly altered by treatment, therefore implying that they are also influenced by systemic factors. The interactions between all involved cytokines and the various pathways they regulate warrant further studies to clarify their definitive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
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