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Ajuwon OR, Adeleke TA, Ajiboye BO, Lawal AO, Folorunso I, Brai B, Bamisaye FA, Falode JA, Odoh IM, Adegbite KI, Adegoke OB. Fermented Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) Ameliorates Sodium Fluoride-Induced Cardiorenal Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation via Modulation of NF-κB/IκB/IκKB Signaling Pathway in Wistar Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:240-257. [PMID: 38315346 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
High dose of fluoride intake is associated with toxic effects on kidney and cardiac tissues. This study evaluated the potential protective effect of fermented rooibos tea (RTE) on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cardiorenal toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 56) were randomly allocated into one of seven equal groups: control, NaF (100 mg/kg orally), NaF + RTE (2%, w/v), NaF + RTE (4%, w/v), NaF + lisinopril (10 mg/kg orally), 2% RTE, and 4% RTE. The experiment lasted for 14 days and RTE was administered to the rats as their sole source of drinking fluid. NaF induced cardiorenal toxicity indicated by elevated level of urea, creatinine, LDH, creatinine kinase-MB, and cardiac troponin I in the serum, accompanied by altered histopathology of the kidney and heart. Furthermore, levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and NO were elevated, while GSH level was depleted in the kidney and heart due to NaF intoxication. Protein levels of c-reactive protein, TNFα, IL-1B, and NF-κB were increased by NaF in the serum, kidney, and heart. RTE at 2% and 4% (w/v) reversed cardiorenal toxicity, resolved histopathological impairment, attenuated oxidative stress and inhibited formation of pro-inflammatory markers. RTE at both concentrations down-regulates the mRNA expression of NF-κB, and upregulates the mRNA expression of both IκB and IκKB, thus blocking the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that the protective potential of rooibos tea against NaF-induced cardiorenal toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation may be associated with the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Razaq Ajuwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Toyosi Abiodun Adeleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ibukun Folorunso
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew Brai
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Fisayo Abraham Bamisaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - John Adeolu Falode
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Maximillian Odoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Medical Center, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Are Road, P.M.B. 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kabirat Iyabode Adegbite
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, P.M.B. 4491, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Zhang J, Liu Y, An C, Liu C, Ma S, Zhang Q, Ding H, Shao J, Xue W. Protective Effect of Ginsenoside CK against Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Concanavalin A. Foods 2023; 12:4379. [PMID: 38137182 PMCID: PMC10743209 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside CK, a kind of rare ginsenoside transformed from protopanaxadiol saponins extracted from the genus Panax, has been proven to possess favorable bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and hepatoprotective effects. The current study is targeted to determine the effect of ginsenoside CK on hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A). Mice were treated with different dosages of ginsenoside CK for 7 days, and Con A (15 mg/kg) was intravenously injected to induce autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the last administration. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with ginsenoside CK (40 mg/kg) could obviously ameliorate the increase in serum indicators related to liver function such as AST, ALT, and ALP, and hepatic lesions induced by Con A. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis, which was observed in pathological data, and immunoblotting results showed that the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and other proteins was regulated by CK. Furthermore, the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in mice with AIH were lowered by the administration of 40 mg/kg of ginsenoside CK. Furthermore, ginsenoside CK elevated the gene expression of Nrf2 and Sirt1 and augmented downstream target genes such as HO-1. In addition, a significant inhibition effect of the TLR4/NF-κB signal was observed in 40 mg/kg CK-pretreated mice compared with the model group. To sum up, the results indicated that ginsenoside CK has a notable hepatoprotective effect against AIH by activating Sirt1/Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Xiying Road 76, Xi’an 710043, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (S.M.); (Q.Z.); (H.D.); (J.S.)
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Frattaruolo L, Durante M, Cappello MS, Montefusco A, Mita G, Cappello AR, Lenucci MS. The ability of supercritical CO 2 carrot and pumpkin extracts to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS or MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned media. Food Funct 2023; 14:10083-10096. [PMID: 37870074 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 (SFE) is an alternative technology to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), to obtain food-grade bioactives from plants. Here, SFE and CSE extracts from carrot and pumpkin matrices, impregnated with hempseed or flaxseed oil as co-solvents, were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS, and their ability to counteract the inflammatory and oxidative phenomena underlying the onset of several pathologies was assessed in vitro. All extracts showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory potential and demonstrated an ability to interfere with the pro-inflammatory effects of breast cancer cell-conditioned media, and to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nitrite production (NP) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in these response mechanisms, as highlighted by the increased mRNA levels of its target genes revealed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. NP and ROS concentrations negatively correlated with α-tocopherol and most carotenoids, but positively with the total tocopherol/total carotenoid ratio, suggesting an idiosyncratic effect of these bioactives on cell responses and emphasizing the need to focus on extract constituents' interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Italy
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Demir M, Altinoz E, Koca O, Elbe H, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Karayakali M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of crocin on the doxorubicin mediated hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102182. [PMID: 37523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is widely used in cancer treatment. However, it has not yet been possible to prevent the side effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of crocin against DXR used in cancer treatment. For this reason; forty Wistar rats (male-250-300 g) were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group): Control, Crocin, DXR and DXR+Crocin. Control and Crocin groups were administered saline and crocin (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days, respectively. DXR group, cumulative dose 12 mg/kg DXR, was administered for 12 days via 48 h intervals in six injections (2 mg/kg each, i.p). DXR+Crocin group, crocin (40 mg/kg-i.p) was administered for 15 days, and DXR was given as in the DXR group. The results revealed that serum liver markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly after DXR administration but recovered after crocin therapy. In addition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) increased after DXR application and the antioxidative defense system (GSH, SOD, CAT) significantly decreased and re-achieved by crocin treatment. Our results conclude that crocin treatment was related to ameliorated hepatocellular architecture and reduced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with DXR-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - E Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - O Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - H Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - M O Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Y Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - M Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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Du K, Wang L, Wang Z, Xiao H, Hou J, Hu L, Fan N, Wang Y. Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide antagonizes 5-Fluorouracil-induced spleen injury and dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114602. [PMID: 37018993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), the main active component of Angelica sinensis, possesses antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we have investigated the antagonistic effect of ASP on 5-FU-induced injury of mouse spleen in vivo and splenocytes in vitro, and its possible mechanism. Our results showed that ASP inhibited 5-FU-induced decreases in spleen weight and organ index in mice, restored the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes, repaired spleen structure disorder and functional impairment, rescued serum IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels, and relieved 5-FU-induced mitochondrial swelling, reduced the oxidant accumulation including MDA and ROS, whereas increasing the activities of GSH, SOD and CAT. The mechanism may be related to ASP downregulation of Keap1 protein expression thus motivating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, ASP alleviated the apoptosis of spleens in vivo and splenocytes in vitro, and reactivated PI3K / AKT signalling. In conclusion, the protective effect of ASP on spleens and splenocytes may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis via reactivation of Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. This study has provided a new protective agent for minimizing the spleen injury caused by 5-FU and a new idea for improving the prognosis of chemotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhang Du
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiying Hou
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ningke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Chen Y, Cui T, Xiao S, Li T, Zhong Y, Tang K, Guo J, Huang S, Chen J, Li J, Wang Q, Huang J, Pan H, Gao Y. Hepatic ZBTB22-mediated detoxification ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by inhibiting pregnane X receptor signaling. iScience 2023; 26:106318. [PMID: 36950116 PMCID: PMC10025966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdose acetaminophen (APAP) can cause acute liver injury (ALI), but the underlying mechanism remains undetermined. This study explored the role of hepatic Zinc Finger And BTB Domain Containing 22 (ZBTB22) in defense against APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. The results showed that hepatic ZBTB22 expression was significantly reduced in patients with ALI and mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs), ZBTB22 deletion aggravated APAP overdose-induced ALI, whereas ZBTB22 overexpression attenuated that pathological progression. The results were further verified in ZBTB22 over-express or knockout mice models. In parallel, hepatocyte-specific ZBTB22 knockout also enhanced ALI. Furthermore, ZBTB22 decreased pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression, and the PXR activator pregnane-16α-carbonitrile suppressed the protective effect of ZBTB22 in APAP-induced ZBTB22-overexpressing mice. Collectively, our findings highlight the protective effect of ZBTB22 against APAP-induced ALI and unravel PXR signaling as the potential mechanism. Strategies to increase hepatic ZBTB22 expression represent a promising therapeutic approach for APAP overdose-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaorong Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yadi Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kaijia Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author
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Wu PY, Ji N, Wu CG, Wang XD, Liu X, Song ZX, Khan M, Shah S, Du YH, Wang XF, Yan LF. Alu antisense RNA ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced human lens epithelial cell apoptosis by enhancing antioxidant defense. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:178-190. [PMID: 36816207 PMCID: PMC9922619 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether an antisense RNA corresponding to the human Alu transposable element (Aluas RNA) can protect human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to assess HLEC viability. HLEC viability/death was detected using a Calcein-AM/PI double staining kit; the annexin V-FITC method was used to detect HLEC apoptosis. The cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HLECs were determined using a reactive species assay kit. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant activities of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assessed in HLECs using their respective kits. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of the genes. RESULTS Aluas RNA rescued methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in HLECs and ameliorated both the methylglyoxal-induced decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and the methylglyoxal-induced increase in Bax mRNA. In addition, Aluas RNA inhibited the methylglyoxal-induced increase in Alu sense RNA expression. Aluas RNA inhibited the production of ROS induced by methylglyoxal, restored T-SOD and GSH-Px activity, and moderated the increase in MDA content after treatment with methylglyoxal. Aluas RNA significantly restored the methylglyoxal-induced down-regulation of Nrf2 gene and antioxidant defense genes, including glutathione peroxidase, heme oxygenase 1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and quinone oxidoreductase 1. Aluas RNA ameliorated methylglyoxal-induced increases of the mRNA and protein expression of Keap1 that is the negative regulator of Nrf2. CONCLUSION Aluas RNA reduces apoptosis induced by methylglyoxal by enhancing antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chong-Guang Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Die Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Song
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Murad Khan
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Suleman Shah
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ying-Hua Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Yan
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
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