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Chaji S, Capaldi G, Gallina L, Grillo G, Boffa L, Cravotto G. Semi-industrial ultrasound-assisted extraction of grape-seed proteins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5689-5697. [PMID: 38372563 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To manage industrial waste in accordance with the circular bioeconomy concept it is sometimes necessary to handle grape seeds, an abundant by-product of the wine-making process. This study presents a process based on ultrasound technology for the extraction of grape-seed proteins, due to their nutritional and techno-functional properties. The protein content of extracts obtained under silent and lab-scale conditions was compared with that obtained under semi-industrial ultrasound conditions, and the chemical composition (carbohydrates, total phenols, and lipids) and the elemental profiles of the final, up-scaled downstream extracts were characterized. RESULTS This work found that the maximum amount of protein in the final product was 378.31 g.kg-1 of the extract. Chemical characterization revealed that each 1 kg of extract had an average content of 326.19 g gallic acid equivalent as total phenols, 162.57 g glucose equivalent as carbohydrates, and 382.76 g of lipophilic compounds. Furthermore, when the extract was checked for hazardous elements, none were found in levels that could be considered a risk for human health. CONCLUSION The proposed semi-industrial strategy has the potential to contribute greatly to the valorization of grape seeds through the preparation of a protein-rich extract that can be used as an alternative to synthetic wine stabilizers and for the development of novel food and nutraceutical products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Chaji
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Boffa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Pereira TC, Cruz AG, Guimarães JT, Cravotto G, Flores EMM. Ultrasonication for honey processing and preservation: A brief overview. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113579. [PMID: 37986447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Honey is a food product consumed all over the world. Besides its nutritional properties, honey presents antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. To ensure that the final product meets qualitative and microbiological standards, honey treatment is of great importance. Conventional honey treatment is based on the heating of honey samples for decrystallization and bacteria and yeast inactivation. However, conventional heating can cause negative effects on honey quality, such as the formation of toxic compounds, reduction of enzyme activity, and loss of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The application of ultrasonic waves has demonstrated interesting effects on honey processing. Ultrasound (US) treatment can lead to the fragmentation of glucose crystals in crystalized honey and has little effect on its properties. In addition to inactivating microorganisms, US-assisted honey processing also preserves phenolic compounds content and antimicrobial properties. However, there is still limited information about honey sonication. The aim of the present review is to comprehensively show the possibilities of US application in honey processing and its effects on honey properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Pereira
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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3
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Mattoli L, Pelucchini C, Fiordelli V, Burico M, Gianni M, Zambaldi I. Natural complex substances: From molecules to the molecular complexes. Analytical and technological advances for their definition and differentiation from the corresponding synthetic substances. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113790. [PMID: 37487919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural complex substances (NCSs) are a heterogeneous family of substances that are notably used as ingredients in several products classified as food supplements, medical devices, cosmetics and traditional medicines, according to the correspondent regulatory framework. The compositions of NCSs vary widely and hundreds to thousands of compounds can be present at the same time. A key concept is that NCSs are much more than the simple sum of the compounds that constitute them, in fact some emerging phenomena are the result of the supramolecular interaction of the constituents of the system. Therefore, close attention should be paid to produce and characterize these systems. Today many natural compounds are produced by chemical synthesis and are intentionally added to NCSs, or to formulated natural products, to enhance their properties, lowering their production costs. Market analysis shows a tendency of people to use products made with NCSs and, currently, products made with ingredients of natural origin only are not conveniently distinguishable from those containing compounds of synthetic origin. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the current European regulatory framework does not allow consumers to correctly differentiate and identify products containing only ingredients of natural origin. The high demand for specific and effective NCSs and their high-cost offer on the market, create the conditions to economically motivated sophistications, characterized by the addition of a cheap material to a more expensive one, just to increase profit. This type of practice can concern both the addition of less valuable natural materials and the addition of pure artificial compounds with the same structure as those naturally present. In this scenario, it becomes essential for producers of natural products to have advanced analytical techniques to evaluate the effective naturalness of NCSs. In fact, synthetically obtained compounds are not identical to their naturally occurring counterparts, due to the isotopic composition or chirality, as well as the presence of different trace metabolites (since pure substances in nature do not exist). For this reason, in this review, the main analytical tests that can be performed to differentiate natural compounds from their synthetic counterparts will be highlighted and the main analytical technologies will be described. At the same time, the main fingerprint techniques useful for characterizing the complexity of the NCSs, also allowing their identification and quali-quantitative evaluation, will be described. Furthermore, NCSs can be produced through different manufacturing processes, not all of which are on the same level of quality. In this review the most suitable technologies for green processes that operate according to physical extraction principles will be presented, as according to the authors they are the ones that come closest to creating more life-cycle compatible NCSs and that are well suited to the European green deal, a strategy with the aim of transforming the EU into a sustainable and resource-efficient society by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mattoli
- Innovation & Medical Science, Aboca SpA, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.
| | | | | | - Michela Burico
- Innovation & Medical Science, Aboca SpA, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Mattia Gianni
- Innovation & Medical Science, Aboca SpA, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zambaldi
- Innovation & Medical Science, Aboca SpA, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
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Manickam S, Camilla Boffito D, Flores EMM, Leveque JM, Pflieger R, Pollet BG, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonics and sonochemistry: Editors' perspective. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106540. [PMID: 37542752 PMCID: PMC10430610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic waves can induce physical and chemical changes in liquid media via acoustic cavitation. Various applications have benefitted from utilizing these effects, including but not limited to the synthesis of functional materials, emulsification, cleaning, and processing. Several books and review articles in the public domain cover both fundamental and applied aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. The Editors of the Ultrasonics Sonochemistry journal possess diverse expertise in this field, from theoretical and experimental aspects of acoustic cavitation to materials synthesis, environmental remediation, and sonoprocessing. This article provides Editors' perspectives on various aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry that may benefit students and early career researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei, Faculty of Engineering, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Leveque
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Department of Sciences and Mountain Training, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Rachel Pflieger
- Université Montpellier, Marcoule Institute in Separation Chemistry (ICSM), Marcoule, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Grillo G, Capaldi G, Radošević K, Jakopović Ž, Markov K, Brncic M, Gallina L, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Unlocking the Bioactive Potential of Pomegranate Peels: A Green Extraction Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1796. [PMID: 37891876 PMCID: PMC10604353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is well known for its high content of bioactives, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which have been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. It is worth noting that the majority of these molecules are found in the peels, which are usually disposed of after processing, causing a significant amount of waste, amounting to more than 3.6 million t/y. This work investigates microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in water for the recovery of antioxidants from pomegranate peels (PP), including the optimisation of temperature and extraction times. The total phenolic, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and tannin contents of the recovered extracts were determined, as well as their antioxidant activities, which were found to be 356.35 mgGAE/gExtr, 303.97 µgCy3G/gExtr, 37.28 mgQE/gExtr, 56.48 mgGAE/gExtr, and 5.72 mmolTE/gExtr, respectively (according to the adopted reference). All results were compared with those obtained using a conventional protocol. In addition, the potential for water recycling by means of downstream nanofiltration in optimised MAE was investigated, leading to overall water reuse of approx. 75%. Power consumption (20.92 W/mgGAE) and common green metrics, Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME), E-Factor, and the Process Mass Intensiti/efficiency (PMI, PME), were considered in evaluating the proposed PP valorisation strategy. Finally, the biological activities of the main products were assessed. The antimicrobial properties of the PP extracts against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and their antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cells were tested. S. aureus bacteria was the most susceptible to the PP extracts. All tested products displayed antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells when higher concentrations were tested, with D-PP/NF (obtained from dried PP and sequential nanofiltration) being the most effective. This result was also confirmed via clonogenic analysis, which generally indicated the possible anti-cancer activity of pomegranate peel extracts obtained using this green approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Giorgio Capaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Laboratory for Cell Cultures, Applications and Biotransformations, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottojeva Ulica 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željko Jakopović
- Laboratory for General Microbiology and Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottojeva Ulica 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.J.); (K.M.)
| | - Ksenija Markov
- Laboratory for General Microbiology and Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottojeva Ulica 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.J.); (K.M.)
| | - Mladen Brncic
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lorenzo Gallina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.C.G.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.C.G.)
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6
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Grillo G, Tabasso S, Capaldi G, Radosevic K, Radojčić-Redovniković I, Gunjević V, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Food-Waste Valorisation: Synergistic Effects of Enabling Technologies and Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Bioactives from Violet Potato Peels. Foods 2023; 12:2214. [PMID: 37297459 PMCID: PMC10252353 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from the main underutilised by-products of the food industry is one of the greatest challenges to be addressed in circular economy. Potato peels are the largest waste generated during potato processing. However, they could be a potential source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be reused as natural antioxidants. Currently, environmentally benign enabling technologies and new types of non-toxic organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds may dramatically improve the sustainability of these processes. This paper focuses on the potential inherent in the valorisation of violet potato peels (VPPs) by recovering antioxidants using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) under ultrasound (US)- and microwave (MW)-assisted extraction. Both the enabling technologies provided performances that were superior to those of conventional extractions in terms of antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. In particular, the most promising approach using NaDES is proven to be the acoustic cavitation with a Trolox eq. of 1874.0 mmolTE/gExtr (40 °C, 500 W, 30 min), vs. the 510.1 mmolTE/gExtr of hydroalcoholic extraction (80 °C, 4 h). The shelf-life of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts have been assessed over a period of 24 months, and found that NaDES granted a 5.6-fold shelf-life extension. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts was evaluated in vitro using the MTS assay on human tumour Caco-2 cells and normal human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). In particular, NaDES-VPPs extracts exhibited a significantly more pronounced antiproliferative activity compared to the ethanolic extracts without a noteworthy difference between effects on the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Capaldi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Kristina Radosevic
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Ivana Radojčić-Redovniković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.R.); (I.R.-R.)
| | - Veronika Gunjević
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (S.T.); (G.C.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
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7
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Plant Extraction in Water: Towards Highly Efficient Industrial Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of this century, the world has experienced a growing need for enabling techniques and more environmentally friendly protocols that can facilitate more rational industrial production. Scientists are faced with the major challenges of global warming and safeguarding water and food quality. Organic solvents are still widely used and seem to be hard to replace, despite their enormous environmental and toxicological impact. The development of water-based strategies for the extraction of primary and secondary metabolites from plants on a laboratory scale is well documented, with several intensified processes being able to maximize the extraction power of water. Technologies, such as ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, microwaves and pressurized reactors that achieve subcritical water conditions can dramatically increase extraction rates and yields. In addition, significant synergistic effects have been observed when using combined techniques. Due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves and ultrasonic waves, scaling up entails changes to reactor design. Nevertheless, the rich academic literature from laboratory-scale investigations may contribute to the engineering work involved in maximizing mass/energy transfer. In this article, we provide an overview of current and innovative techniques for solid-liquid extraction in water for industrial applications, where continuous and semi-continuous processes can meet the high demands for productivity, profitability and quality.
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Peixoto FB, Raimundini Aranha AC, Nardino DA, Defendi RO, Suzuki RM. Extraction and encapsulation of bioactive compounds: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barroso Peixoto
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Oliveira Defendi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | - Rúbia Michele Suzuki
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
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Rodrigues RP, Gando-Ferreira LM, Quina MJ. Increasing Value of Winery Residues through Integrated Biorefinery Processes: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154709. [PMID: 35897883 PMCID: PMC9331683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The wine industry is one of the most relevant socio-economic activities in Europe. However, this industry represents a growing problem with negative effects on the environment since it produces large quantities of residues that need appropriate valorization or management. From the perspective of biorefinery and circular economy, the winery residues show high potential to be used for the formulation of new products. Due to the substantial quantities of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with high antioxidant potential in their matrix, these residues can be exploited by extracting bioactive compounds before using the remaining biomass for energy purposes or for producing fertilizers. Currently, there is an emphasis on the use of new and greener technologies in order to recover bioactive molecules from solid and liquid winery residues. Once the bio compounds are recovered, the remaining residues can be used for the production of energy through bioprocesses (biogas, bioethanol, bio-oil), thermal processes (pyrolysis, gasification combustion), or biofertilizers (compost), according to the biorefinery concept. This review mainly focuses on the discussion of the feasibility of the application of the biorefinery concept for winery residues. The transition from the lab-scale to the industrial-scale of the different technologies is still lacking and urgent in this sector.
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An Innovative, Green Cascade Protocol for Grape Stalk Valorization with Process Intensification Technologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Valorization of agri-food residues to produce bio-based platform chemicals will enhance the transition to the bio-economy era. To this end, a sustainable process has been developed for the overall valorization of grape stalks (GS) according to a circular approach, starting from the lignin fraction to further deal with the cellulose-rich residue. This non-conventional protocol fully adheres to green chemistry principles, exploiting the so-called enabling technologies—mainly ultrasound and microwaves—for energy-saving innovative processes. Firstly, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE, 40 kHz, 200 W) demonstrated to be an excellent technique for GS delignification combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs). Delignification enables isolation of the pertinent lignin framework and the potential to obtain a polyphenol-rich liquid fraction, focusing on the valorization of GS as source of bioactive compounds (BACs). Among the NaDESs employed, the combination of choline chloride (ChCl) and levulinic acid (LevA) (ChLevA) presented noteworthy results, enabling a delignification higher than 70%. LevA is one of the top-value biobased platform chemicals. In this work, a flash microwave (MW)-assisted process was subsequently applied to the cellulose-rich fraction remained after delignification, yielding 85% LevA. The regeneration of this starting compound to produce ChLevA can lead to a further biomass delignification cycle, thus developing a new cascade protocol for a full valorization of GS.
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11
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Angelini P, Flores GA, Piccirilli A, Venanzoni R, Acquaviva A, Di Simone SC, Libero ML, Tirillini B, Zengin G, Chiavaroli A, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Orlando G, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Polyphenolic composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from grape processing by-products: Between green biotechnology and nutraceutical. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds from Chestnut Peels through Semi-Industrial Subcritical Water Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050988. [PMID: 35624852 PMCID: PMC9137501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut peels are a poorly characterized, underexploited by-product of the agri-food industry. This raw material is rich in bioactive compounds, primarily polyphenols and tannins, that can be extracted using different green technologies. Scaling up the process for industrial production is a fundamental step for the valorization of the extract. In this study, subcritical water extraction was investigated to maximize the extraction yield and polyphenol content. Lab-scale procedures have been scaled up to the semi-industrial level as well as the downstream processes, namely, concentration and spray drying. The extract antioxidant capacity was tested using in vitro and cellular assays as well as a preliminary evaluation of its antiadipogenic activity. The temperature, extraction time, and water/solid ratio were optimized, and the extract obtained under these conditions displayed a strong antioxidant capacity both in in vitro and cellular tests. Encouraging data on the adipocyte model showed the influence of chestnut extracts on adipocyte maturation and the consequent potential antiadipogenic activity. Chestnut peel extracts characterized by strong antioxidant power and potential antiadipogenic activity were efficiently obtained by removing organic solvents. These results prompted further studies on fraction enrichment by ultra- and nanofiltration. The semi-industrial eco-friendly extraction process and downstream benefits reported here may open the door to production and commercialization.
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13
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del Mar Contreras M, Romero-García JM, López-Linares JC, Romero I, Castro E. Residues from grapevine and wine production as feedstock for a biorefinery. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Taghian Dinani S, van der Goot AJ. Challenges and solutions of extracting value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7749-7771. [PMID: 35275755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2049692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Every year, huge amounts of fruit and vegetable by-products in the food processing factories are produced. These by-products have great potential to be used for different targets especially the extraction of value-added ingredients. The target of this study is to review the challenges of extraction of value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products on the industrial scale and to describe current trends in solving these problems. In addition, some strategies such as multi-component extraction as well as application of fermentation before or after the extraction process, and production of biofuel, organic fertilizers, animal feeds, etc. on final residues after extraction of value-added ingredients are discussed in this review paper. In fact, simultaneous extraction of different value-added ingredients from fruit and vegetable by-products can increase the extraction efficiency and reduce the cost of value-added ingredients as well as the final volume of these by-products. After extraction of value-added ingredients, the residues can be used to produce biofuels, or they can be used to produce organic fertilizers, animal feeds, etc. Therefore, the application of several appropriate strategies to treat the fruit and vegetable by-products can increase their application, protect the environment, and improve the food economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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15
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Lamberti L, Grillo G, Gallina L, Carnaroglio D, Chemat F, Cravotto G. Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation of Hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) Terpenes: A Pilot-Scale Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112726. [PMID: 34829008 PMCID: PMC8625699 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in essential oils has consistently increased in recent years. Essential oils have a large variety of applications in multiple fields, including in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The volatile fraction (VF) in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) fits within this domain as it is primarily used in the brewery industry for the aromatization of beer, and is responsible for the floral and fruity tones. This work aims to design an optimized extraction protocol of the VF from hops, using microwaves. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) has been developed to reduce energy and time consumption in lab-scale reactors up to industrial-scale systems. Hops are principally available in three forms, according to a brewery’s applications: (i) fresh (FH); (ii) dried (DH) and (iii) pelletized (PH). In this work, all three forms have therefore been studied and the recovered volatiles characterized by means of GC-MS. The optimized lab-scale MAHD protocol gave the best extraction yield of 20.5 mLVF/kgdry matrix for FH. This value underwent a slight contraction when working at the highest matrix amount (3 kg), with 17.3 mLVF/kgdry matrix being achieved. Further tests were then performed in a pilot reactor that is able to process 30 kg of material. In this case, high yield increases were observed for PH and DH; quadruple and double the lab-scale yields, respectively. In addition, this industrial-scale system also provided marked energy savings, practically halving the absorbed kJ/mLVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.L.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
- Baladin S.S. Agricola, Via Carrù 23, 12060 Piozzo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.L.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Gallina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.L.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Farid Chemat
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon University, 84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.L.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6707183; Fax: +39-011-6707162
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16
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Rodríguez-Rojo S. Intensification Technologies to Efficiently Extract Antioxidants from Agro-Food Residues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101568. [PMID: 34679703 PMCID: PMC8533536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As is well known, there is an increasing interest in recovering phytochemicals from agricultural, forestry, and food industry residues, aiming to reduce their environmental impact and improve sustainable economic growth in the bioeconomy scheme [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Rodríguez-Rojo
- High Pressure Processes Group, Research Institute on Bioeconomy (BioEcoUVa), School of Engineering, University of Valladolid (UVa), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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17
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Miao G, Peng L, Liu E, He L, Guan Q, Zhang J, Peng L. Solid–liquid mass transfer characteristics and mechanism of alkali‐soluble heteropolysaccharides from hemp stalk. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Miao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station Kunming China
| | - Enfen Liu
- China Tobacco Yunnan Reconstituted Tobacco Co, Ltd Yuxi China
| | - Liang He
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Qingqing Guan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Lincai Peng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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18
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Palma A, Díaz MJ, Ruiz-Montoya M, Morales E, Giráldez I. Ultrasound extraction optimization for bioactive molecules from Eucalyptus globulus leaves through antioxidant activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105654. [PMID: 34198128 PMCID: PMC8254034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant products present a very high added value and are demanded in the market. The optimization of their extraction is a high-stakes matter for both economic and environmental points of view. Ultrasound extraction has been considered one of the most promising methods, so the relative importance of key parameters may have decisive economic significance. For this reason, different parameters that have influence on the extraction capacity such as ultrasound power, time, temperature, pH and % ethanol in water have been studied to know the relationships between the independent parameters and their influence on the extraction from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. An experimental Box-Behnken factorial design and subsequent analysis by neural networks have been used. The relative influence of each parameter varies according to the nature of the extracted compound. In this regard, the higher capacity of extraction of the selected antioxidant compounds by means of the variation of the operation conditions can be facilitated. For all the studied compounds, temperature has been the most important parameter for their extraction. The relative content (%) of bioactive compounds (terpenes) in the optimized Eucalyptus globulus extract has been performed by GC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Palma
- Pro2TecS-Product Technology and Chemical Processes Research Centre, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Manuel Jesús Díaz
- Pro2TecS-Product Technology and Chemical Processes Research Centre, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ruiz-Montoya
- Pro2TecS-Product Technology and Chemical Processes Research Centre, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Emilio Morales
- Pro2TecS-Product Technology and Chemical Processes Research Centre, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giráldez
- Pro2TecS-Product Technology and Chemical Processes Research Centre, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain
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19
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Cellulose Recovery from Agri-Food Residues by Effective Cavitational Treatments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Residual biomass from agri-food production chain and forestry are available in huge amounts for further valorisation processes. Delignification is usually the crucial step in the production of biofuels by fermentation as well as in the conversion of cellulose into high added-value compounds. High-intensity ultrasound (US) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) have been widely exploited as effective pretreatment techniques for biomass conversion and in particular for cellulose recovery. Due to their peculiar mechanisms, cavitational treatments promote an effective lignocellulosic matrix dismantling with delignification at low temperature (35–50 °C). Cavitation also promotes cellulose decrystallization due to a partial depolymerization. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in US and HC-assisted delignification and further cellulose recovery and valorisation.
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Grillo G, Gunjević V, Radošević K, Redovniković IR, Cravotto G. Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nonconventional Technologies for Blueberry-Peel Extraction: Kinetics, Anthocyanin Stability, and Antiproliferative Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111069. [PMID: 33142668 PMCID: PMC7693902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in bioactive phytochemicals and sustainable processes is the driving force behind this study on two novel green extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins from the residues of blueberry processing. Five natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been tested for anthocyanin extraction. Acidified hydroalcoholic solutions were used as benchmarks and the shelf life of eutectic systems was monitored. The most promising NADES was tested in microwave (MAE)- and ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs), and Peleg’s kinetic model was used. Both the enabling technologies provided performance that was superior to that of conventional extraction. MAE and UAE yielded up to 25.83 and 21.18 mg/gmatrix of total anthocyanin content, respectively, after 15 and 30 min. Moreover, a preliminary test for extract concentration and NADES recycling was performed using resin adsorption. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was determined by a CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay, the so-called MTS assay, on human tumour HeLa cells and human skin HaCaT cells. Nonconventional extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative activity that was much greater than that of their conventionally extracted analogues. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell-death type, and apoptosis was found to be the primary cause of tumour cell death. The presented study demonstrates that the implementation of enabling extraction technologies and green solvents can produce an antiproliferative agent from a food industry byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grillo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Veronika Gunjević
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (G.C.); Tel.: +385-1-4605-278 (K.R.); +39-011-670-7183 (G.C.)
| | - Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (G.C.); Tel.: +385-1-4605-278 (K.R.); +39-011-670-7183 (G.C.)
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