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Al-Fakih GOA, Ilyas RA, Huzaifah MRM, El-Shafay AS. Recent advances in sago (Metroxylon sagu) fibres, biopolymers, biocomposites, and their prospective applications in industry: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132045. [PMID: 38710254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Escalating petroleum depletion and environmental crises linked to conventional plastics have fueled interest in eco-friendly alternatives. Natural fibres and biopolymers are garnering increasing attention due to their sustainability. The sago palm (Metroxylon sagu), a tropical tree, holds potential for such materials, with cellulose-rich fibres (42.4-44.12 %) showcasing strong mechanics. Extracted sago palm starch can be blended, reinforced, or plasticised for improved traits. However, a comprehensive review of sago palm fibres, starch, and biocomposites is notably absent. This paper fills this void, meticulously assessing recent advancements in sago palm fibre, cellulose and starch properties, and their eco-friendly composite fabrication. Moreover, it uncovers the latent prospects of sago palm fibres and biopolymers across industries like automotive, packaging, and bioenergy. This review presents a crucial resource for envisaging and realising sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan O A Al-Fakih
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - R A Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advance Composite Materials (CACM), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis.
| | - M R M Huzaifah
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - A S El-Shafay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Grządka E, Godek E, Maciołek U, Słowik G, Kwiatkowski M, Terebun P, Zarzeczny D, Pawłat J. Processes occurring in the NaCMC/glauconite suspension under the cold plasma treatment. Influence of plasma on adsorptive and stabilizing properties of the system. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121158. [PMID: 37567687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the studies on the processes at the interface of the colloidal suspensions composed of clay mineral - glauconite (GT) and polysaccharide - sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) with the cold plasma treatment (CPT). The surface composition and chemical binding in NaCMC and GT changes are determined by means of FTIR and XPS (both methods detected the incorporation of oxygen-related functional groups). Moreover, the additional information about both the textural properties and morphological changes on the surfaces before and after CPT are studied using the BET, CHN, SEM HRTEM and STEM-EDS methods. The elemental mapping and scanning electron microscope imaging confirmed the NaCMC adsorption on GT (carbon mapping) and proved the GT surface lost its "house of card structure" after the CPT. As follows the CPT causes the protonation of NaCMC and the polymer cross-linking whereas the GT sample is more oxidized. Moreover, it was found that a significant improvement in the GT/NaCMC system stability and the NaCMC adsorption on the GT surface were a result of the CPT. The obtained data could be used for the colloidal stability of polymer/solid suspensions, thus providing new opportunities for the chemical industry; particularly for preparation of new functionalized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grządka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - E Godek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - U Maciołek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - G Słowik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - M Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - P Terebun
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - D Zarzeczny
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - J Pawłat
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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Promdontree P, Kheolamai P, Ounkaew A, Narain R, Ummartyotin S. Characterization of Cellulose Fiber Derived from Hemp and Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Composite Hydrogel as a Scaffold Material. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4098. [PMID: 37896343 PMCID: PMC10611065 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully extracted and purified from hemp using an alkaline treatment and bleaching process and subsequently used in conjunction with polyvinyl alcohol to form a composite hydrogel. Cellulose nanocrystals (1-10% (w/v)) were integrated into polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium tetraborate (borax) was employed as a crosslinking agent. Due to the small number of cellulose nanocrystals, no significant peak change was observed in the FT-IR spectra compared to pristine polyvinyl alcohol. The porosity was created upon the removal of the water molecules, and the material was thermally stable up to 200 °C. With the presence of cellulose nanocrystals, the melting temperature was slightly shifted to a higher temperature, while the glass transition temperature remained practically unchanged. The swelling behavior was examined for 180 min in deionized water and PBS solution (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. The degree of swelling of the composite with cellulose nanocrystals was found to be higher than that of pristine PVA hydrogel. The cell viability (%) of the prepared hydrogel with different proportions of cellulose nanocrystals was higher than that of pristine PVA hydrogel. Based on the results, the prepared composite hydrogels from cellulose nanocrystals extracted from hemp and polyvinyl alcohol were revealed to be an excellent candidate for scaffold material for medical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praewa Promdontree
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Artjima Ounkaew
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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4
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Sharma N, Allardyce BJ, Rajkhowa R, Agrawal R. Rice straw-derived cellulose: a comparative study of various pre-treatment technologies and its conversion to nanofibres. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16327. [PMID: 37770522 PMCID: PMC10539515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice straw is a waste product generated after the harvesting of rice crops and is commonly disposed of by burning it off in open fields. This study explored the potential for the extraction and conversion of cellulose to cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) to be used as smart delivery systems for fertilizers applications. In this study, alkali, steam explosion, and organosolv treatments were investigated for cellulose extraction efficiency. The morphological characterization of cellulose showed smooth fibrillar structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy represented significant removal of non-cellulosic components in treatments. The crystallinity increased from 52.2 to 65% in CNFs after fibrillation. Cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) had an average diameter of 37.4 nm and - 25.2 mV surface charges as determined by SEM and zeta potential, respectively, which have desired properties for holding fertilizers. Therefore, this study paves the way for value-added uses of rice straw as alternatives to current environmentally harmful practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, Gual Pahari, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Rangam Rajkhowa
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ruchi Agrawal
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, Gual Pahari, Gurugram, India.
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Chawla P, Sridhar K, Kumar A, Sarangi PK, Bains A, Sharma M. Production of nanocellulose from corn husk for the development of antimicrobial biodegradable packaging film. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124805. [PMID: 37182633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Packaging is a potential way of keeping food products safe from various environmental pollutants, and biological, chemical, & physical deterioration. Hence, the demand for an effective antimicrobial active packaging material is increasing tremendously to improve the shelf-life of food products. Thus, we extracted nanocellulose from corn husks and developed a eugenol-incorporated biodegradable antimicrobial active packaging film. The extracted nanocellulose showed a particle size of 149.67 ± 3.56 nm and an overall surface charge of -20.2 mV ± 0.76 V. The film casting method is one of the promising methods to fabricate biodegradable films using plant-based biopolymers. Therefore, different concentrations of eugenol (0.5-5 % v/v) were incorporated to formulate the functional film (FF0.5-FF5) by employing the casting process. FF exhibited comparable tensile strength as compared to the control film (CF), however, FF5 showed the least tensile strength (85 MPa). Based on the mechanical characterization, the FF3 film sample was further selected for characterization. The morphological evaluation revealed that the surface of the film was smooth and non-porous with reduced moisture content and density. The film exhibited high thermal stability as the degradation occurred above 400 °C, indicating the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the film. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the existence of COOH vibration and COC stretching groups of cellulose and eugenol. The antimicrobial studies showed high efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhmurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. Overall, eugenol-incorporated nanocellulose-based biodegradable packaging film could be an excellent candidate as an alternative to active packaging material and provide an opportunity for the efficient utilization of corn husk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Food Science Technology and Processing, Amity University, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India.
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India.
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6
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Fahim H, Motamedzadegan A, Farahmandfar R, Khaligh NG. Surface analysis and thermal behavior of the functionalized cellulose by glutaric anhydride through a solvent-free and catalyst-free process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123268. [PMID: 36646345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the 12 principles of green chemistry, surface functionalization was performed using glutaric anhydride under solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions. FTIR spectra and DS analyses demonstrated the functionalization of HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose. The influence of two parameters, i.e., the glutaric anhydride concentration and the reaction time, on the functionalization of HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose was investigated. Protocol efficiency was studied by a degree of substitution (DS). It was found that higher concentrations of glutaric anhydride cause an enhancement of DS to 0.75 and 0.87 for GA3-12 and GA9-12, respectively. In addition, the longer reaction time increased zeta potential from -12.2 ± 1.7 for G9-6 to -34.57 ± 2.2 for GA9-12. Morphology analysis by SEM showed a decrease in fiber length for the functionalized cellulose. DSC profiles confirmed dehydration at a range of 17 to 134 °C. A glass transition was revealed at -30 to -20 °C for all studied samples. The fusion, the depolymerization of cellulose chains, the cleavage of glycosidic linkages, and the decomposition of the crystalline parts of cellulose occur at 195 to 374 °C. Therefore, an efficient and greener process was developed to functionalize the HCl-hydrolyzed cellulose by glutaric anhydride, a safe and non-toxic anhydride, in the absence of the solvent and catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Fahim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Po Box 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Motamedzadegan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Po Box 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Reza Farahmandfar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Po Box 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Zhou G, Xu Y, Wang Q, Jiang B, Ren B, Zhang X, Yi L. Wetting-consolidation type dust suppressant based on sugarcane bagasse as an environmental material: Preparation, characterization and dust suppression mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117097. [PMID: 36584464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coal mines generate a lot of dust during production and transportation, which not only damages the health of personnel, but also causes environmental pollution. Based on the problems of low extraction efficiency of cellulose matrix and low economy of existing dust suppressants for biomass materials, this paper uses bagasse extracted cellulose from sugar production waste as a matrix and adds polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide as monomers to prepare a wetting-crusting type highly efficient environmental protection dust suppressant for coal mine production and transportation process. The dust suppression effect of the product was analyzed by the performance tests of dust suppression efficiency, consolidation layer strength and permeability. The dust suppression rate of the product prepared in this paper remained above 90% at the simulated wind speed of 10 m/s, the consolidation layer strength of 42.3 KPa was much higher than that of the pure water solution, and the average permeation rate within 30 min was greater than that of the surfactant solution. It is proved that the dust suppressant prepared in this paper has good dust suppression effect, high consolidated layer strength and good permeability, and the product prepared in this paper using environmentally friendly biomass raw materials has good degradability, and the mechanism of the dust suppressant is illustrated by MS simulation. The biomass dust suppressant can meet the requirements of dust suppression in the process of coal mining and transportation and is non-toxic and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Bingyou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Bo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Mining & Environment Protection, Coal Mining National Engineering Technology Research Institute, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Longxiao Yi
- Shandong Yaruite Electromechanical Engineering Technology Corporation, Qingdao 266515, China
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Sharma S, Sathasivam T, Rawat P, Pushpamalar J. Lycopene-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier from carboxymethyl oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose for topical administration. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rahman MS, Hasan MS, Nitai AS, Nam S, Karmakar AK, Ahsan MS, Shiddiky MJA, Ahmed MB. Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1345. [PMID: 33924089 PMCID: PMC8074295 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md. Saif Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Ashis Sutradhar Nitai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA;
| | - Aneek Krishna Karmakar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Md. Shameem Ahsan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC) and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Arteaga-Ballesteros BE, Guevara-Morales A, Martín-Martínez ES, Figueroa-López U, Vieyra H. Composite of polylactic acid and microcellulose from kombucha membranes. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the main components of biodegradable and biocompatible composites. Bacterial cellulose from kombucha membranes is an excellent candidate to be used as a natural filler of eco-composites because it is renewable, has low cost, low density, and acceptable specific strength properties, and is biodegradable. The study aimed to prepare composites of PLA and bacterial cellulose to produce a biodegradable and compostable material. The bacterial microcellulose was obtained from kombucha membranes and blended with PLA by extrusion. The composites contained a PLA with 1%, 3%, and 5% of cellulose. We characterized the PLA, bacterial microcellulose, and composites to ascertain their size and aspect, degree of crystallinity, distribution of the cellulose into PLA, and their mechanical properties. We observed an increase in crystallinity proportional to the cellulose content for the blends and found that the 3% cellulose blend withstands the stress of up to 40 MPa and temperatures up to 120°C before distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Estefanía Arteaga-Ballesteros
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Andrea Guevara-Morales
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Eduardo San Martín-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Legaria 694 , Colonia Irrigación C.P. 11500 , Ciudad de México
| | - Ulises Figueroa-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe, Km. 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza , Estado de México , 52926 , México
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo , Estado de México , 50110 , México
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Keirudin AA, Zainuddin N, Yusof NA. Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Sago Starch/Citric Acid Hydrogel for Sorption of Pb 2+, Cu 2+, Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ from Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112465. [PMID: 33114335 PMCID: PMC7690912 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, CMSS (carboxymethyl sago starch)-based hydrogel was synthesized by crosslinking with citric acid via esterification and then applied as a metal sorbent to overcome excessive heavy metal pollution. The CMSS/CA (carboxymethyl sago starch/citric acid) hydrogel was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The absorption band at 1726 cm−1 was observed in the FT-IR spectrum of CMSS/CA hydrogel and indicated ester bonds formed. Further findings show that the cross-linkages in the CMSS/CA hydrogel increased the thermal stability of CMSS and various sizes of pores were also shown in the SEM micrograph. Conversely, the removal of heavy metals was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optic Emission Spectra (ICP-OES). The effects of the pH of the metal solution, contact time, initial concentration of the metal ions and temperature on the sorption capacity were investigated. Under optimum condition, the sorption capacity of Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ onto CMSS/CA hydrogel were 64.48, 36.56, 16.21, 18.45 mg/g, respectively. The experiments demonstrated that CMSS/CA hydrogel has high selectivity towards Pb2+ in both non-competitive and competitive conditions. In conclusion, the CMSS/CA hydrogel as a natural based heavy metal sorption material exhibited a promising performance, especially in the sorption of Pb2+ for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amyrah Auni Keirudin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhazlin Zainuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Electro-Stimulated Release of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug from Poly(Lactic Acid)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/ZnO Nanocomposite Film. Pharm Res 2020; 37:178. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Gabriel T, Belete A, Syrowatka F, Neubert RHH, Gebre-Mariam T. Extraction and characterization of celluloses from various plant byproducts. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33136-6. [PMID: 32437811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Celluloses were extracted from teff straw (TS), enset fiber (EF), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and coffee hull (CH) agro-industrial byproducts generated in large quantities in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to explore these plant byproducts as alternative sources of cellulose for potential industrial applications, using various eco-friendly chlorine-free treatment conditions to obtain an optimum cellulose extraction condition. The byproducts and the as-extracted celluloses were analyzed for chemical compositions, yield, chemical functionality, crystallinity, thermal stability and morphology. EF yielded the highest cellulose content (60.0%), whereas CH the least (35.5%). FTIR spectra and ESEM morphological studies of the celluloses indicated progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. XRD analyses showed EF cellulose had the highest crystallinity index (CrI) (85.56%), crystallite size (5.52 nm), and proportion of crystallite interior chains of 200 plane (0.629), exhibiting unique physicochemical properties. The byproducts and the as-extracted celluloses showed Cellulose Iβ crystal lattice, while celluloses from EF and SB also displayed (partial) polymorphic transition into Cellulose II. TGA studies revealed enhanced stability of the as-extracted celluloses. On the basis of the physicochemical characteristics of the celluloses, all the byproducts studied could be considered as alternative sources of cellulose for potential value-added industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Reinhard H H Neubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany..
| | - Tsige Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Hydrogel Nanofibers from Carboxymethyl Sago Pulp and Its Controlled Release Studies as a Methylene Blue Drug Carrier. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) extracted from sago waste for producing hydrogel nanofibers was investigated as a methylene blue drug carrier. Sago pulp was chemically modified via carboxymethylation reaction to form carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) and subsequently used to produce nanofibers using the electrospinning method with the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The CMSP nanofibers were further treated with citric acid to form cross-linked hydrogel. Studies on the percentage of swelling following the variation of citric acid concentrations and curing temperature showed that 89.20 ± 0.42% of methylene blue (MB) was loaded onto CMSP hydrogel nanofibers with the percentage of swelling 4366 ± 975%. Meanwhile, methylene blue controlled release studies revealed that the diffusion of methylene blue was influenced by the pH of buffer solution with 19.44% of MB released at pH 7.34 within 48 h indicating the potential of CMSP hydrogel nanofibers to be used as a drug carrier for MB.
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Sathasivam T, Muniyandy S, Chuah LH, Janarthanan P. Encapsulation of red palm oil in carboxymethyl sago cellulose beads by emulsification and vibration technology: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro digestion. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Udoetok IA, Wilson LD, Headley JV. Ultra-sonication assisted cross-linking of cellulose polymers. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:567-576. [PMID: 29429704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked cellulose-epichlorohydrin polymers were synthesized by a conventional heating with stirring (C-EP heating) and a parallel process using ultra-sonication (C-EP sonication) in the presence of aqueous ammonia. Structural characterization of modified cellulose was carried out using FTIR/13C solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermal methods (DSC and TGA). Evidence of products with variable textural properties and morphology was supported by nitrogen gas adsorption, solvent swelling, and microscopy (SEM, TEM) results. C-EP sonication possess greater cross-linker content judging by the loss of the cellulose fibril structure which was facilitated by acoustic cavitation effects due to ultra-sonication. Equilibrium sorption studies in aqueous solution with 2-naphthoxy acetic acid (NAA) revealed that C-EP heating had slightly greater sorption capacity than C-EP sonication at alkaline pH. By contrast, C-EP sonication had greater uptake of NAA at acidic pH. Kinetic uptake studies at pH 3 is described by the pseudo-second order model, where the surface sites of C-EP heating became saturated within ca. 75 min; whereas, ca. 350 min occurred for C-EP sonication. This study demonstrates that the yield of sonication assisted cross-linking of cellulose is greater with improved adsorption properties. The study also reveals the utility of sonication assisted synthesis for the valorization and utilization of cellulose modified materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inimfon A Udoetok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Lee D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.
| | - John V Headley
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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Barbosa AM, Robles E, Ribeiro JS, Lund RG, Carreño NLV, Labidi J. Cellulose Nanocrystal Membranes as Excipients for Drug Delivery Systems. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9121002. [PMID: 28774122 PMCID: PMC5457019 DOI: 10.3390/ma9121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were obtained from flax fibers by an acid hydrolysis assisted by sonochemistry in order to reduce reaction times. The cavitation inducted during hydrolysis resulted in CNC with uniform shapes, and thus further pretreatments into the cellulose are not required. The obtained CNC exhibited a homogeneous morphology and high crystallinity, as well as typical values for surface charge. Additionally, CNC membranes were developed from CNC solution to evaluation as a drug delivery system by the incorporation of a model drug. The drug delivery studies were carried out using chlorhexidine (CHX) as a drug and the antimicrobial efficiency of the CNC membrane loaded with CHX was examined against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus). The release of CHX from the CNC membranes is determined by UV-Vis. The obtaining methodology of the membranes proved to be simple, and these early studies showed a potential use in antibiotic drug delivery systems due to the release kinetics and the satisfactory antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda M Barbosa
- Postgraduated Program in Science and Material Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Gomes Carneiro 1, Pelotas-RS 96010-610, Brazil.
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Robles
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
| | - Juliana S Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas-RS 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Rafael G Lund
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves 457, Pelotas-RS 96015-560, Brazil.
| | - Neftali L V Carreño
- Postgraduated Program in Science and Material Engineering, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Gomes Carneiro 1, Pelotas-RS 96010-610, Brazil.
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
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