1
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Reddy Baddam S, Ganta S, Nalla S, Banoth C, Vudari B, Akkiraju PC, Srinivas E, Tade RS. Polymeric nanomaterials-based theranostic platforms for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124346. [PMID: 38889853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the second leading global cause of death, affects 2.1 million women annually, with an alarming 15 percent mortality rate. Among its diverse forms, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) emerges as the deadliest, characterized by the absence of hormone receptors. This article underscores the urgent need for innovative treatment approaches in tackling TNBC, emphasizing the transformative potential of polymeric nanomaterials (PNMs). Evolved through nanotechnology, PNMs offer versatile biomedical applications, particularly in addressing the intricate challenges of TNBC. The synthesis methods of PNMs, explored within the tumor microenvironment using cellular models, showcase their dynamic nature in cancer treatment. The article anticipates the future of TNBC therapeutics through the optimization of PNMs-based strategies, integrating them into photothermal (PT), photodynamic (PT), and hyperthermia therapy (HTT), drug delivery, and active tumor targeting strategies. Advancements in synthetic methods, coupled with a nuanced understanding of the tumor microenvironment, hold promise for personalized interventions. Comparative investigations of therapeutic models and a thorough exploration of polymeric nanoplatforms toxicological perspectives become imperative for ensuring efficacy and safety. We have explored the interdisciplinary collaboration between nanotechnology, oncology, and molecular biology as pivotal in translating PNMs innovations into tangible benefits for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Reddy Baddam
- University of Massachusetts, Chan Medical School, RNA Therapeutic Institute, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | | | - Chandrasekhar Banoth
- Department of Microbiology, Army College of Dental Sciences, Chennapur, Secunderabad 500087, India
| | - Balaraju Vudari
- Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 501301, India
| | - Pavan C Akkiraju
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Healthcare Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad 500014, India
| | - Enaganti Srinivas
- Averinbiotech Laboratories, Windsor Plaza, Nallakunta, Hyderabad 500044, India
| | - Rahul S Tade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, H.R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
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2
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Gerrits L, Bakker B, Hendriks LD, Engels S, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ. Tailoring of Physical Properties in Macroporous Poly(isocyanopeptide) Cryogels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3464-3474. [PMID: 38743442 PMCID: PMC11170948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, synthetic hydrogels have proven remarkably useful as cell culture matrixes to elucidate the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on cell behavior. Yet, their lack of interconnected macropores undermines the widespread use of hydrogels in biomedical applications. To overcome this limitation, cryogels, a class of macroporous hydrogels, are rapidly emerging. Here, we introduce a new, highly elastic, and tunable synthetic cryogel, based on poly(isocyanopeptides) (PIC). Introduction of methacrylate groups on PIC facilitated cryopolymerization through free-radical polymerization and afforded cryogels with an interconnected macroporous structure. We investigated which cryogelation parameters can be used to tune the architectural and mechanical properties of the PIC cryogels by systematically altering cryopolymerization temperature, polymer concentration, and polymer molecular weight. We show that for decreasing cryopolymerization temperatures, there is a correlation between cryogel pore size and stiffness. More importantly, we demonstrate that by simply varying the polymer concentration, we can selectively tune the compressive strength of PIC cryogels without affecting their architecture. This unique feature is highly useful for biomedical applications, as it facilitates decoupling of stiffness from other variables such as pore size. As such, PIC cryogels provide an interesting new biomaterial for scientists to unravel the role of the ECM in cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Gerrits
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Bram Bakker
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Lynn D. Hendriks
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Engels
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department
of Medical BioSciences,Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
| | - Paul H. J. Kouwer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen ,Netherlands
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3
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Calik F, Degirmenci A, Maouati H, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Redox-Responsive "Catch and Release" Cryogels: A Versatile Platform for Capture and Release of Proteins and Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3017-3028. [PMID: 38655791 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Macroporous cryogels are attractive scaffolds for biomedical applications, such as biomolecular immobilization, diagnostic sensing, and tissue engineering. In this study, thiol-reactive redox-responsive cryogels with a porous structure are prepared using photopolymerization of a pyridyl disulfide poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PDS-PEG-MA) monomer. Reactive cryogels are produced using PDS-PEG-MA and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) monomers, along with a PEG-based cross-linker and photoinitiator. Functionalization of cryogels using a fluorescent dye via the disulfide-thiol exchange reactions is demonstrated, followed by release under reducing conditions. For ligand-mediated protein immobilization, first, thiol-containing biotin or mannose is conjugated onto the cryogels. Subsequently, fluorescent dye-labeled proteins streptavidin and concanavalin A (ConA) are immobilized via ligand-mediated conjugation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mannose-decorated cryogel could capture ConA selectively from a mixture of lectins. The efficiency of protein immobilization could be easily tuned by changing the ratio of the thiol-sensitive moiety in the scaffold. Finally, an integrin-binding cell adhesive peptide is attached to cryogels to achieve successful attachment, and the on-demand detachment of integrin-receptor-rich fibroblast cells is demonstrated. Redox-responsive cryogels can serve as potential scaffolds for a variety of biomedical applications because of their facile synthesis and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Calik
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Hamida Maouati
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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4
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Ribeiro J, Luís MÂ, Rodrigues B, Santos FM, Mesquita J, Boto R, Tomaz CT. Cryogels and Monoliths: Promising Tools for Chromatographic Purification of Nucleic Acids. Gels 2024; 10:198. [PMID: 38534616 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for highly pure biopharmaceuticals has put significant pressure on the biotechnological industry to innovate in production and purification processes. Nucleic acid purification, crucial for gene therapy and vaccine production, presents challenges due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Meeting regulatory standards necessitates large quantities of biotherapeutic agents of high purity. While conventional chromatography offers versatility and efficiency, it suffers from drawbacks like low flow rates and binding capacity, as well as high mass transfer resistance. Recent advancements in continuous beds, including monoliths and cryogel-based systems, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these limitations. This review explores and evaluates the latest progress in chromatography utilizing monolithic and cryogenic supports for nucleic acid purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribeiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco  Luís
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Mesquita
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Renato Boto
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cândida Teixeira Tomaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Proietto Salanitri G, Luzzi E, Caretti D, Mecca T, Carroccio SC, Scamporrino AA. How the Crosslinker Amount Influences the Final Properties of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Cryogels. Gels 2024; 10:163. [PMID: 38534581 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanical, thermal, and adsorption properties of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) cryogels as a function of a reactant ratio is herein reported to better address materials for specific applications. To this aim, cryogels have been synthesized using different monomer/crosslinker (N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide-MBAA) ratios. The study of SEM images made it possible to identify the trend in the material's macroporosity. As would be expected, the average measured pore width decreased as the amount of MBAA increased while the number of pores grew. Swelling capacity ranges from 8.7 gW/ggel (grams of water per gram of gel) to 9.3 gW/ggel. These values are strictly connected with the pore's size and distribution, revealing that the water uptake for the most crosslinked sample is inferior to other samples. The equilibrium-adsorption capacity (Qe) towards the methylene violet (MV) was also assessed, revealing no remarkable differences after 24 h of a batch test. As expected, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also showed no significant changes in stability that ranged from a maximum weight loss temperature (T Max) of 420 °C to 425 °C, which increased as a function of crosslinker content. Conversely, compression strength measurements showed a notable difference of about 50% in modulus (Ec), moving from the higher to the lower HEMA/MBAA ratio. These new comparative results indicate how slight variations in the reactant's ratio can steadily improve the mechanical properties of the HEMA cryogel without affecting its adsorption efficiency. This can be helpful in the design of materials for water and energy purposes. Since swelling properties are needed in the case of biomedical applications, the HEMA/MBAA ratio should be tuned versus high values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Proietto Salanitri
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Luzzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, DICMaPI-P. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Caretti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina C Carroccio
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea A Scamporrino
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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6
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Omidian H, Dey Chowdhury S, Babanejad N. Cryogels: Advancing Biomaterials for Transformative Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1836. [PMID: 37514023 PMCID: PMC10384998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels, composed of synthetic and natural materials, have emerged as versatile biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, optimizing cryogel properties, such as mechanical strength and release profiles, remains challenging. To advance the field, researchers are exploring advanced manufacturing techniques, biomimetic design, and addressing long-term stability. Combination therapies and drug delivery systems using cryogels show promise. In vivo evaluation and clinical trials are crucial for safety and efficacy. Overcoming practical challenges, including scalability, structural integrity, mass transfer constraints, biocompatibility, seamless integration, and cost-effectiveness, is essential. By addressing these challenges, cryogels can transform biomedical applications with innovative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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7
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Demir D, Goksen G, Ceylan S, Trif M, Rusu AV. Optimized Peppermint Essential Oil Microcapsules Loaded into Gelatin-Based Cryogels with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2782. [PMID: 37447427 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (Chi) was used to microencapsulate peppermint essential oil (PEO). A novel gelatin-based cryogel loaded with PEO microcapsules was further developed and characterized for potential applications. Four different cryogel systems were designed, and the morphological, molecular, physical and antibacterial properties were investigated. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties of PEO, alone and microcapsulated, incorporated into the cryogel network were evaluated. The observed gel structure of cryogels exhibited a highly porous morphology in the microcapsules. The highest values of the equilibrium swelling ratio were acquired for the GelCryo-ChiCap and GelCryo-PEO@ChiCap samples. The contact angle GelCryo-PEO@ChiCap sample was lower than the control (GelCryo) due to the water repelling of the essential oil. It has been found that the incorporation of encapsulated PEO into the cryogels would be more advantageous compared to its direct addition. Moreover, GelCryo-PEO@ChiCap cryogels showed the strongest antibacterial activities, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). The system that was developed showed promising results, indicating an improved antibacterial efficacy and enhanced structural properties due to the presence of microcapsules. These findings suggest that the system may be an appropriate candidate for various applications, including, but not limited to, drug release, tissue engineering, and food packaging. Finally, this system demonstrates a strategy to stabilize the releasing of the volatile compounds for creating successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin 33100, Türkiye
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin 33100, Türkiye
| | - Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Türkiye
| | - Monica Trif
- Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, 28857 Syke, Germany
| | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Ion Meșter 6, 400650 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Robertson EM, Hixon KR, McBride-Gagyi SH, Sell SA. Bioactive impact of manuka honey and bone char incorporated into gelatin and chitosan cryogels in a rat calvarial fracture model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37243397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineered scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural environment for regeneration when typical healing is inhibited. Autografts are the current gold standard for treatment but are limited by available bone and supplementary surgical sites that broaden complications and comorbidities. Cryogels are an ideal scaffold in bone regeneration due to their mechanical integrity and marcoporous structure that elicits angiogenesis and subsequently new bone tissue formation. To aid in bioactivity and osteoinductivity, manuka honey (MH) and bone char (BC) were added to gelatin and chitosan cryogels (CG). Manuka honey has powerful antimicrobial properties to aid against graft infection, and bone char is composed of 90% hydroxyapatite, a well-studied bioactive material. These additives are natural, abundant, easy to use, and cost effective. CG cryogels incorporated with either BC or MH, and plain CG cryogels were implanted into rat calvarial fracture models for cortical bone regeneration analysis. We found indication of bioactivity with both bone char and manuka honey through the presence of woven bone structure in histology stains and micro computed tomography (microCT) data. Overall, plain CG cryogels supported greater bone regeneration capabilities than the BC or MH incorporated cryogels due to a lack of advanced organized tissue formation and collagen deposition after 8 weeks of implantation; however, future work should explore varying additive concentrations and delivery methods to further assess additive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - K R Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S H McBride-Gagyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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9
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Kulkarni N, Shinde SD, Maingle M, Nikam D, Sahu B. Reactive oxygen species-responsive thymine-conjugated chitosan: Synthesis and evaluation as cryogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125074. [PMID: 37244332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a biodegradable, biocompatible cationic polysaccharide based natural polymer with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Hydrogels made from CS have been found their applications in wound healing, tissue regeneration and drug delivery. Although, mucoadhesive properties resulted from the polycationic nature of CS, in hydrogel form amines are engaged in interactions with water leading to decrease in mucoadhesive properties. In case of injury, presence of elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has inspired many drug delivery platform to conjugate ROS responsive linkers for on demand drug delivery. In this report we have conjugated a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive thioketal (TK) linker and nucleobase thymine (Thy) with CS. Cryogel from this doubly functionalized polymer CS-Thy-TK was prepared through crosslinking with sodium alginate. Inosine was loaded on the scaffold and studied for its release under oxidative condition. We anticipated that the presence of thymine shall retain the mucoadhesive nature of the CS-Thy-TK polymer in hydrogel form and when placed at the site of injury, due to the presence of excessive ROS at inflammatory condition, loaded drug shall release due to degradation of the linker. Porous cryogel scaffold was prepared via chemical crosslinking of amine functional group of chitosan with carboxylic acid containing polysaccharide sodium alginate. The cryogel was evaluated for porosity (FE-SEM), rheology, swelling, degradation, mucoadhesive properties and biocompatibility. Resulted scaffold was found to be porous with average pore size of 107 ± 23 μm, biocompatible, hemocompatible and possesses improved mucoadhesive property (mucin binding efficiency of 19.54 %) which was found to be 4 times better as compared to chitosan (4.53 %). The cumulative drug release found to be better in the presence of H2O2 (~90 %) when compared to that of PBS alone (~60-70 %). Therefore, the modified CS-Thy-TK polymer may hold potential as interesting scaffold in case of conditions associated with elevated ROS level such as injury and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Suchita Dattatray Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Mohit Maingle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Darshani Nikam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.
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10
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Dikmetas DN, Uysal E, Karbancioglu-Guler F, Gurmen S. The production of pH indicator Ca and Cu alginate ((1,4)- β -d-mannuronic acid and α -l-guluronic acid) cryogels containing anthocyanin obtained via red cabbage extraction for monitoring chicken fillet freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123304. [PMID: 36681229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent days, intelligent food packaging has gained attention due to consumers' needs and monitoring of the freshness of food. Biopolymers are used to produce matrix parts and dye chemicals, because of their unique properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, alginate molecules and anthocyanins were used to produce to monitor chicken fillet freshness via pH response characteristics. Anthocyanins' color and UV characteristics at different pHs were investigated. The obtained anthocyanin solution showed visible color response at different pH level. In the red cabbage extract, the anthocyanin concentration was as 0.65 ± 0.03 mg/g. Alginate and extracted anthocyanins from red cabbage were mixed at the solution phase, then metal alginate hydrogels were synthesized via crosslinking Ca2+ and Cu2+ with alginate molecules. Due to the porous structure of the cryogels, hydrogels were freeze dried at -80 °C for 24 h at vacuum atmosphere. The obtained cryogel indicated significant color changes from pH 4 to pH 10, and at a basic environment, the color change was observed with the naked eye. The porosity amounts and sizes of the produced cryogels were examined, the average pore amount of cryogels was found to be 85.46 ± 4.36 %, and the average pore size 97.98 ± 26.20 μm. Furthermore, it was seen that the color change was not directly related to the porosity, but the interaction of anthocyanin and metal alginate matrix effected color changes degree of cryogels. Due to the electronegativity of Cu2+ ions, and the use of a low amount of anthocyanin was found to be more suitable for color change. The color was changed to blue-purple while total volatile basic nitrogen content increased to 46.67 mg/100 g from 14.00 mg/100 g. As a result, prepared cryogels should be a better candidates for use as a freshness indicator and intelligent packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emircan Uysal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Türkiye
| | | | - Sebahattin Gurmen
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Türkiye
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Bayrak G, İdil N, Perçin I. Penicillium chrysogenum-loaded hybrid cryogel discs for heavy metal removal. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Babanejad N, Mfoafo K, Thumma A, Omidi Y, Omidian H. Advances in cryostructures and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical products. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Song M, Park J, Jeon J, Ha YG, Cho YR, Koo HJ, Kim W, Bae H. Application of poly (vinyl alcohol)-cryogels to immobilizing nitrifiers: Enhanced tolerance to shear stress-induced destruction and viability control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158835. [PMID: 36122708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hardness of poly (vinyl alcohol)-cryogels (PVA-CGs) was improved under three parameter conditions: 7.5 %-12.5 % PVA, 1-5 freezing-thawing cycles (FTCs), and the addition of 0 %-10 % glycerol as a cryoprotectant. This study investigated the effects of shear stress-induced destruction (SSID) on mechanical strength by inducing rapid erosion with a high frictional force. Tolerance to SSID (Tol-SSID) exhibited different sensitivities and trends depending on the above three fabrication parameters. The measured Tol-SSID exhibited consistent and inconsistent trends with tensile strength and swelling, respectively. Tol-SSID evaluation provides new insights into the practically meaningful mechanical strength of PVA-CGs against strong friction, which simulates extreme shear stress in a bioreactor. A PVA-CG with a PVA concentration of 10 % and in two FTCs resulted in Tol-SSID and tensile strength of 88.3 % and 0.59 kPa, respectively. Here, 5 % glycerol was added to maintain the bacterial respiration activity of immobilized nitrifiers of 0.097 mg-O2/g-VSS·min and survival of 88.6 %. The continuous mode of nitrification using the optimized PVA-CG for 10 days resulted in an ammonia removal rate of 0.2173 kg-N/m3·d, which is an improvement over cases without glycerol addition: 0.1426 and 0.1472 kg-N/m3·d for PVA-CGs in two and three FTCs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Geun Ha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang T, Liu C, Zheng H, Han X, Lin H, Cao L, Sui J. The specific biopanning of single-domain antibody against haptens based on a functionalized cryogel. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e2999. [PMID: 36225143 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phage display technology is commonly applied for high-throughput screening of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), and the problem of non-specific adsorption caused by carrier proteins seriously affects the biopanning of single-domain antibodies specific to haptens. In this paper, enrofloxacin (ENR)-functionalized cryogels were prepared by the ethylenediamine (EDA) and carbodiimide methods for application in the biopanning of ENR-specific phages. To improve the efficiency of biopanning, double blocking, a wash solution flow rate of 1 mL/min, and phage pre-incubation were applied to the biopanning process through single-factor experiments. Results of flat colony counting showed that the phage output of AG-ENR cryogels was 15 times higher than that of AG cryogels for the same input amount. And seven complete sequences of ENR-specific shark sdAbs were obtained by monoclonal phage ELISA and sequence alignment. All these results indicate that functionalized cryogels could be used as a novel and efficient method for phage biopanning for single-domain antibodies to haptens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangning Han
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems: 63. † Synthesis of Two Chemically Tanned Gelatin-Based Cryostructurates and Evaluation of Their Potential as Scaffolds for Culturing of Mammalian Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110695. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various gelatin-containing gel materials are used as scaffolds for animal and human cell culturing within the fields of cell technologies and tissue engineering. Cryostructuring is a promising technique for the preparation of efficient macroporous scaffolds in biomedical applications. In the current study, two new gelatin-based cryostructurates were synthesized, their physicochemical properties and microstructure were evaluated, and their ability to serve as biocompatible scaffolds for mammalian cells culturing was tested. The preparation procedure included the dissolution of Type A gelatin in water, the addition of urea to inhibit self-gelation, the freezing of such a solution, ice sublimation in vacuo, and urea extraction with ethanol from the freeze-dried matter followed by its cross-linking in an ethanol medium with either carbodiimide or glyoxal. It was shown that in the former case, a denser cross-linked polymer phase was formed, while in the latter case, the macropores in the resultant biopolymer material were wider. The subsequent biotesting of these scaffolds demonstrated their biocompatibility for human mesenchymal stromal cells and HepG2 cells during subcutaneous implantation in rats. Albumin secretion and urea synthesis by HepG2 cells confirmed the possibility of using gelatin cryostructurates for liver tissue engineering.
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Akin B, Ozmen MM. Antimicrobial cryogel dressings towards effective wound healing. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:331-346. [PMID: 36123436 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are macroporous hydrogels that have been widely utilized in a variety of biomedical applications including wound dressings. Cryogels reveal superior mechanical and swelling properties as well as large and interconnected porosity. As traditional hydrogel wound dressings generally show undesirable mechanical and swelling characteristics, cryogels, due to their toughness and superfast swelling, offer an outstanding platform to address the growing number of various types of wounds. Moreover, recently, cryogel wound dressings loaded with an antimicrobial agent emerged as a feasible option to reduce infection, and thus improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive review of antimicrobial cryogels as a wound dressing is still lacking in the literature. In this review, we summarize the progress of cryogels in the area of wound dressings and provide an overview of the various polymers, namely, natural and synthetic which have been employed in cryogel wound dressing preparation. Furthermore, the most prominent antimicrobial agents incorporated in cryogel wound dressings are provided. Finally, the future directions of cryogel wound dressings for wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Akin
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Ozmen
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Heydarzadeh S, Kia SK, Boroomand S, Hedayati M. Recent Developments in Cell Shipping Methods. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2985-3006. [PMID: 35898166 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As opposed to remarkable advances in the cell therapy industry, researches reveal inexplicable difficulties associated with preserving and post-thawing cell death. Post cryopreservation apoptosis is a common occurrence that has attracted the attention of scientists to use apoptosis inhibitors. Transporting cells without compromising their survival and function is crucial for any experimental cell-based therapy. Preservation of cells allows the safe transportation of cells between distances and improves quality control testing in clinical and research applications. The vitality of transported cells is used to evaluate the efficacy of transportation strategies. For many decades, the conventional global methods of cell transfer were not only expensive but also challenging and had adverse effects. The first determination of some projects is optimizing cell survival after cryopreservation. The new generation of cryopreservation science wishes to find appropriate and alternative methods for cell transportation to ship viable cells at an ambient temperature without dry ice or in media-filled flasks. The diversity of cell therapies demands new cell shipping methodologies and cryoprotectants. In this review, we tried to summarize novel improved cryopreservation methods and alternatives to cryopreservation with safe and viable cell shipping at ambient temperature, including dry preservation, hypothermic preservation, gel-based methods, encapsulation methods, fibrin microbeads, and osmolyte solution compositions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kheradmand Kia
- Laboratory for Red Blood Cell Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seti Boroomand
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Idumah CI. Recently emerging advancements in polymeric cryogel nanostructures and biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2097678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Awka, Nigeria
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Fab fragment immobilized immunoaffinity cryogels as a tool for human serum albumin purification: Characterization of Fab immobilized cryogels. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1203:123311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carvalho DN, Gonçalves C, Oliveira JM, Williams DS, Mearns-Spragg A, Reis RL, Silva TH. A Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach to Optimize Cryogel Manufacturing for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2026. [PMID: 35631910 PMCID: PMC9143905 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine origin polymers represent a sustainable and natural alternative to mammal counterparts regarding the biomedical application due to their similarities with proteins and polysaccharides present in extracellular matrix (ECM) in humans and can reduce the risks associated with zoonosis and overcoming social- and religious-related constraints. In particular, collagen-based biomaterials have been widely explored in tissue engineering scaffolding applications, where cryogels are of particular interest as low temperature avoids protein denaturation. However, little is known about the influence of the parameters regarding their behavior, i.e., how they can influence each other toward improving their physical and chemical properties. Factorial design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) emerge as tools to overcome these difficulties, which are statistical tools to find the most influential parameter and optimize processes. In this work, we hypothesized that a design of experiments (DoE) model would be able to support the optimization of the collagen-chitosan-fucoidan cryogel manufacturing. Therefore, the parameters temperature (A), collagen concentration (B), and fucoidan concentration (C) were carefully considered to be applied to the Box-Behnken design (three factors and three levels). Data obtained on rheological oscillatory measurements, as well as on the evaluation of antioxidant concentration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, showed that fucoidan concentration could significantly influence collagen-chitosan-fucoidan cryogel formation, creating a stable internal polymeric network promoted by ionic crosslinking bonds. Additionally, the effect of temperature significantly contributed to rheological oscillatory properties. Overall, the condition that allowed us to have better results, from an optimization point of view according to the DoE, were the gels produced at -80 °C and composed of 5% of collagen, 3% of chitosan, and 10% fucoidan. Therefore, the proposed DoE model was considered suitable for predicting the best parameter combinations needed to develop these cryogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Nuno Carvalho
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David S. Williams
- Jellagen Limited, Unit G6, Capital Business Park, Parkway, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 2PY, UK; (D.S.W.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Andrew Mearns-Spragg
- Jellagen Limited, Unit G6, Capital Business Park, Parkway, St. Mellons, Cardiff CF3 2PY, UK; (D.S.W.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3B’s—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.N.C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.); (T.H.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—P.T. Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Demir D, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Bölgen N. Novel styrax liquidus loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol cryogels with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Demir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Health Services Vocational School Mersin University Mersin Turkey
| | - Nimet Bölgen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty Mersin University Mersin Turkey
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22
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Hixon KR, Katz DB, McKenzie JA, Miller AN, Guilak F, Silva MJ. Cryogel Scaffold-Mediated Delivery of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Healing in Murine Model of Atrophic Non-Union. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:851904. [PMID: 35600896 PMCID: PMC9117654 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.851904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-union is defined as the permanent failure of a bone to heal and occurs clinically in 5% of fractures. Atrophic non-unions, characterized by absent/minimal callus formation, are poorly understood and difficult to treat. We recently demonstrated a novel murine model of atrophic non-union in the 3.6Col1A1-tk (Col1-tk) mouse, wherein dosing with the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV) was used to deplete proliferating osteoprogenitor cells, leading to a radiographic and biomechanical non-union after the mid-shaft femur fracture. Using this Col1-tk atrophic non-union model, we hypothesized that the scaffold-mediated lentiviral delivery of doxycycline-inducible BMP-2 transgenes would induce osteogenesis at the fracture site. Cryogel scaffolds were used as a vehicle for GFP+ and BMP-2+ cell delivery to the site of non-union. Cryogel scaffolds were biofabricated through the cross-linking of a chitosan-gelatin polymer solution at subzero temperatures, which results in a macroporous, spongy structure that may be advantageous for a bone regeneration application. Murine adipose-derived stem cells were seeded onto the cryogel scaffolds, where they underwent lentiviral transduction. Following the establishment of atrophic non-unions in the femurs of Col1-tk mice (4 weeks post-fracture), transduced, seeded scaffolds were surgically placed around the site of non-union, and the animals were given doxycycline water to induce BMP-2 production. Controls included GFP+ cells on the cryogel scaffolds, acellular scaffolds, and sham (no scaffold). Weekly radiographs were taken, and endpoint analysis included micro-CT and histological staining. After 2 weeks of implantation, the BMP-2+ scaffolds were infiltrated with cartilage and woven bone at the non-union site, while GFP+ scaffolds had woven bone formation. Later, timepoints of 8 weeks had woven bone and vessel formation within the BMP-2+ and GFP + scaffolds with cortical bridging of the original fracture site in both groups. Overall, the cell-seeded cryogels promoted osseous healing. However, while the addition of BMP-2 promoted the endochondral ossification, it may provide a slower route to healing. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for cellularized cryogel scaffolds to enhance the healing of non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Hixon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Dakota B. Katz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jennifer A. McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anna N. Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Zabihi S, Bakhshpour M, Çalışır M, Topçu AA, Denizli A. Preparation of molecular imprinted injectable polymeric micro cryogels for control release of mitomycin C. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Natural Cryoprotectant Honey for Fertility Cryopreservation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030088. [PMID: 35324777 PMCID: PMC8945096 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a mixture of 25 sugars with other bioactive substances (i.e., organic acids, enzymes, antioxidants, and vitamins) and has been known as a highly nutritious functional food. Traditionally, it has been widely used in medicinal applications to cure various diseases. The effectiveness of honey in different applications has been used for its antimicrobial activity, absorption of hydrops, cleansing, removing odor, assisting granulation, recovery of nutrition, and formation of tissue and epithelium, which proved that honey has dehydrating and preserving properties to make it ideal for the cryopreservation of cells and tissues. Cryopreservation is an advanced preservation technique for tissue, cells, organelles, or other biological specimen storage, performed by cooling the sample at a very low temperature. It is the most common approach to improved preserving fertility (sperm, embryos, and oocytes) in different species that may undergo various life-threatening illnesses and allows for the genetic screening of these cells to test the sample for diseases before use. However, with toxic cryoprotectant (CPA), cryopreservation of fertility has been challenging because of their particular structure and sensitivity to chilling. Honey’s unique composition, as well as its dehydrating and preserving properties, qualify it to be used as a natural cryoprotectant. The aim of this study is to emphasize the ability of honey as a natural cryoprotectant in cryopreservation. The articles for this review were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the keywords, honey, cryopreservation, natural cryoprotectant/CPAs, extenders, and fertility. Honey, as a natural cryoprotectant in fertility cryopreservation, yielded satisfactory results, with respect to improved post-thaw quality and viability. It is now proved as a non-toxic and highly efficient natural cryoprotectant in fertility preservation because its increasing viscosity at low temperature can provide a protective barrier to cells by reducing ice formation. Furthermore, its antioxidant property plays a vital role in protecting the cells from thermal damage by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review provides a road map for future studies to investigate the potential of honey in the cryopreservation of other cells and tissue and contribute to the scientific research, regarding this remarkable natural product.
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Freeze-thaw and solvent-exchange strategy to generate physically cross-linked organogels and hydrogels of curdlan with tunable mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:119003. [PMID: 34973803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical gels from natural polysaccharides present the advantage of no toxic cross-linking agents and no chemical modification during preparation. Herein, novel physical gels, transparent organogels and opaque hydrogels from the microorganism-derived (1,3)-β-D-glucan of curdlan were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using the freeze-thaw technique, followed by a solvent-exchange strategy with water. The mechanical and structural properties of these gels were investigated by rheology, scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Gelation mechanisms and intermolecular interaction models have also been proposed. The good solvent DMSO serves as both a crosslinker and a pore-foaming agent in organogels. The reversible macromolecular conformation changes and phase separation of curdlan endow the gels with reversible transparency, volume change and tunable mechanical strength. The new design strategy of facile preparation and performance tuning provides a platform for developing new organogels and sterile hydrogels of curdlan.
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Cellulose Cryogels as Promising Materials for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042037. [PMID: 35216150 PMCID: PMC8880007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and ease of chemical modification make cellulose a promising natural polymer for the production of biomedical materials. Cryogelation is a relatively new and straightforward technique for producing porous light and super-macroporous cellulose materials. The production stages include dissolution of cellulose in an appropriate solvent, regeneration (coagulation) from the solution, removal of the excessive solvent, and then freezing. Subsequent freeze-drying preserves the micro- and nanostructures of the material formed during the regeneration and freezing steps. Various factors can affect the structure and properties of cellulose cryogels, including the cellulose origin, the dissolution parameters, the solvent type, and the temperature and rate of freezing, as well as the inclusion of different fillers. Adjustment of these parameters can change the morphology and properties of cellulose cryogels to impart the desired characteristics. This review discusses the structure of cellulose and its properties as a biomaterial, the strategies for cellulose dissolution, and the factors affecting the structure and properties of the formed cryogels. We focus on the advantages of the freeze-drying process, highlighting recent studies on the production and application of cellulose cryogels in biomedicine and the main cryogel quality characteristics. Finally, conclusions and prospects are presented regarding the application of cellulose cryogels in wound healing, in the regeneration of various tissues (e.g., damaged cartilage, bone tissue, and nerves), and in controlled-release drug delivery.
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Demirci S, Sahiner N. α-Glucosidase enzyme entrapped superporous poly(amphoteric) cryogel reactor with improved enzymatic activity and stability over wide pH ranges. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Polyamine Ligands: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine ligands are water-soluble receptors that are able to coordinate, depending on their protonation degree, either metal ions, anionic, or neutral species. Furthermore, the presence of fluorescent signaling units allows an immediate visual response/signal. For these reasons, they can find applications in a wide variety of fields, mainly those where aqueous media is necessary, such as biological studies, wastewater analysis, soil contamination, etc. This review provides an overview of the recent developments in the research of chemosensors based on polyamine ligands functionalized with fluorescent signaling units. The discussion focuses on the design, synthesis, and physicochemical properties of this type of fluorescent chemosensors in order to analyze the applications associated to the sensing of metal ions, anions, and neutral molecules of environmental and/or biological interest. To facilitate a quick access and overview of all the chemosensors covered in this review, a summary table of the chemosensor structures and analytes, with all the corresponding references, is also presented.
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Asensio G, Benito-Garzón L, Ramírez-Jiménez RA, Guadilla Y, Gonzalez-Rubio J, Abradelo C, Parra J, Martín-López MR, Aguilar MR, Vázquez-Lasa B, Rojo L. Biomimetic Gradient Scaffolds Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Sr/Zn Folates for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 35012034 PMCID: PMC8747647 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies based on tissue engineering are becoming the most promising alternative for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, regeneration of full-thickness articular osteochondral defects that reproduces the complexity of native cartilage and osteochondral interface still remains challenging. Hence, in this work, we present the fabrication, physic-chemical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of biomimetic hierarchical scaffolds that mimic both the spatial organization and composition of cartilage and the osteochondral interface. The scaffold is composed of a composite porous support obtained by cryopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) in the presence of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), bioactive tricalcium phosphate β-TCP and the bone promoting strontium folate (SrFO), with a gradient biomimetic photo-polymerized methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) based hydrogel containing the bioactive zinc folic acid derivative (ZnFO). Microscopical analysis of hierarchical scaffolds showed an open interconnected porous open microstructure and the in vitro behaviour results indicated high swelling capacity with a sustained degradation rate. In vitro release studies during 3 weeks indicated the sustained leaching of bioactive compounds, i.e., Sr2+, Zn2+ and folic acid, within a biologically active range without negative effects on human osteoblast cells (hOBs) and human articular cartilage cells (hACs) cultures. In vitro co-cultures of hOBs and hACs revealed guided cell colonization and proliferation according to the matrix microstructure and composition. In vivo rabbit-condyle experiments in a critical-sized defect model showed the ability of the biomimetic scaffold to promote the regeneration of cartilage-like tissue over the scaffold and neoformation of osteochondral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Asensio
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
| | - Lorena Benito-Garzón
- Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rosa Ana Ramírez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
| | - Yasmina Guadilla
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Julian Gonzalez-Rubio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Abradelo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Urbanización Montepríncipe, CEU Universities, 28925 Alcorcon, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.A.)
| | - Juan Parra
- Unidad Asociada de I+D al CSIC Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Biopatología Experimental, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, SACYL, 05003 Avila, Spain; (J.P.); (M.R.M.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rocío Martín-López
- Unidad Asociada de I+D al CSIC Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Biopatología Experimental, Complejo Asistencial de Ávila, SACYL, 05003 Avila, Spain; (J.P.); (M.R.M.-L.)
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (M.R.A.); (B.V.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingienería, Biomateriales y Biotecnología CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos S/N, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lee SS, Laganenka L, Du X, Hardt WD, Ferguson SJ. Silicon Nitride, a Bioceramic for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Reinforced Cryogel System With Antibiofilm and Osteogenic Effects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794586. [PMID: 34976982 PMCID: PMC8714913 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiN [Si3N4]) is a promising bioceramic for use in a wide variety of orthopedic applications. Over the past decades, it has been mainly used in industrial applications, such as space shuttle engines, but not in the medical field due to scarce data on the biological effects of SiN. More recently, it has been increasingly identified as an emerging material for dental and orthopedic implant applications. Although a few reports about the antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity of SiN have been published to date, there have been limited studies of SiN-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Here, we developed a silicon nitride reinforced gelatin/chitosan cryogel system (SiN-GC) by loading silicon nitride microparticles into a gelatin/chitosan cryogel (GC), with the aim of producing a biomimetic scaffold with antibiofilm and osteogenic properties. In this scaffold system, the GC component provides a hydrophilic and macroporous environment for cells, while the SiN component not only provides antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity but also increases the mechanical stiffness of the scaffold. This provides enhanced mechanical support for the defect area and a better osteogenic environment. First, we analyzed the scaffold characteristics of SiN-GC with different SiN concentrations, followed by evaluation of its apatite-forming capacity in simulated body fluid and protein adsorption capacity. We further confirmed an antibiofilm effect of SiN-GC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as enhanced cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic gene upregulation for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Finally, we developed a bioreactor to culture cell-laden scaffolds under cyclic compressive loading to mimic physiological conditions and were able to demonstrate improved mineralization and osteogenesis from SiN-GC. Overall, we confirmed the antibiofilm and osteogenic effect of a silicon nitride reinforced cryogel system, and the results indicate that silicon nitride as a biomaterial system component has a promising potential to be developed further for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun S. Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leanid Laganenka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dragan ES, Dinu MV, Ghiorghita CA, Lazar MM, Doroftei F. Preparation and Characterization of Semi-IPN Cryogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Poly( N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate); Functionalization of Carrier with Monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin and Release Kinetics of Curcumin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226975. [PMID: 34834067 PMCID: PMC8622513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CCM) is a natural hydrophobic polyphenol known for its numerous applications in the food industry as a colorant or jelly stabilizer, and in the pharmaceutical industry due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. However, the large application of CCM is limited by its poor solubility in water and low stability. To enhance the bioavailability of CCM, and to protect it against the external degradation agents, a novel strategy, which consists in the preparation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, (s-IPNs) based on poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) entrapped in poly(acrylamide) networks, by a cryogelation technique, was developed in this work. All s-IPN cryogels were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, and swelling at equilibrium as a function of pH. Functionalization of semi-IPN cryogel with monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) led to IPN cryogel. The release profile of CCM from the composite cryogels was investigated at 37 °C, in pH 3. It was found that the cumulative release increased with the increase of the carrier hydrophobicity, as a result of increasing the cross-linking degree, the content and the molar mass of PDMAEMA. Fitting Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and first order kinetic models on the CCM release profiles indicated the diffusion as the main driving force of drug release from the composite cryogels.
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Aylaz G, Zenger O, Baydemir Peşint G, Andaç M. Molecularly imprinted composite discs for transferrin recognition. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1990950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Aylaz
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Zenger
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gözde Baydemir Peşint
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Müge Andaç
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jones LO, Williams L, Boam T, Kalmet M, Oguike C, Hatton FL. Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2553-2569. [PMID: 34760024 PMCID: PMC8551881 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are macroporous polymeric structures formed from the cryogelation of monomers/polymers in a solvent below freezing temperature. Due to their inherent interconnected macroporosity, ease of preparation, and biocompatibility, they are increasingly being investigated for use in biomedical applications such as 3D-bioprinting, drug delivery, wound healing, and as injectable therapeutics. This review highlights the fundamentals of macroporous cryogel preparation, cryogel properties that can be useful in the highlighted biomedical applications, followed by a comprehensive review of recent studies in these areas. Research evaluated includes the use of cryogels to combat various types of cancer, for implantation without surgical incision, and use as highly effective wound dressings. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable macroporous cryogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O Jones
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Leah Williams
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Tasmin Boam
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Martin Kalmet
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Chidubem Oguike
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Fiona L Hatton
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Wartenberg A, Weisser J, Schnabelrauch M. Glycosaminoglycan-Based Cryogels as Scaffolds for Cell Cultivation and Tissue Regeneration. Molecules 2021; 26:5597. [PMID: 34577067 PMCID: PMC8466427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are a class of macroporous, interconnective hydrogels polymerized at sub-zero temperatures forming mechanically robust, elastic networks. In this review, latest advances of cryogels containing mainly glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or composites of GAGs and other natural or synthetic polymers are presented. Cryogels produced in this way correspond to the native extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of both composition and molecular structure. Due to their specific structural feature and in addition to an excellent biocompatibility, GAG-based cryogels have several advantages over traditional GAG-hydrogels. This includes macroporous, interconnective pore structure, robust, elastic, and shape-memory-like mechanical behavior, as well as injectability for many GAG-based cryogels. After addressing the cryogelation process, the fabrication of GAG-based cryogels and known principles of GAG monomer crosslinking are discussed. Finally, an overview of specific GAG-based cryogels in biomedicine, mainly as polymeric scaffold material in tissue regeneration and tissue engineering-related controlled release of bioactive molecules and cells, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wartenberg
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V., Pruessingstrasse 27B, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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Tyshkunova IV, Chukhchin DG, Gofman IV, Pavlova EN, Ushakov VA, Vlasova EN, Poshina DN, Skorik YA. Chitin Cryogels Prepared by Regeneration from Phosphoric Acid Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5191. [PMID: 34576412 PMCID: PMC8468260 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryogelation is a developing technique for the production of polysaccharide materials for biomedical applications. The formation of a macroporous structure during the freeze-drying of polysaccharide solutions creates biomaterials suitable for tissue engineering. Due to its availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, chitin is a promising natural polysaccharide for the production of porous materials for tissue engineering; however, its use is limited due to the difficulty of dissolving it. This work describes the preparation of cryogels using phosphoric acid as the solvent. Compared to typical chitin solvents phosphoric acid can be easily removed from the product and recovered. The effects of chitin dissolution conditions on the structure and properties of cryogels were studied. Lightweight (ρ 0.025-0.059 g/cm3), highly porous (96-98%) chitin cryogels with various heterogeneous morphology were produced at a dissolution temperature of 20 ± 3 °C, a chitin concentration of 3-15%, and a dissolution time of 6-25 h. The crystallinity of the chitin and chitin cryogels was evaluated by 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Using FTIR spectroscopy, no phosphoric acid esters were found in the chitin cryogels. The cryogels had compressive modulus E values from 118-345 kPa and specific surface areas of 0.3-0.7 m2/g. The results indicate that chitin cryogels can be promising biomaterials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Tyshkunova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Dmitry G. Chukhchin
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia;
| | - Iosif V. Gofman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Vadim A. Ushakov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Elena N. Vlasova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Daria N. Poshina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (I.V.T.); (I.V.G.); (E.N.P.); (V.A.U.); (E.N.V.); (D.N.P.)
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Erol K, Arslan Akveran G, Köse K, Ali Köse D. Reducing lactose content of milk from livestock and humans via lactose imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-i-aspartic acid) cryogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lactase, which can cause lactose intolerance in its deficiency, is a vital enzyme concerning digestion. To overcome lactose intolerance for patients with digestion problem depending of this kind of issue, lactose in food should be removed. In this study, lactose imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-aspartic acid), poly(HEMA-MAsp), cryogels were synthesized to reduce the amount of lactose content of milk samples. Occurrence of desired bounds, structural integrity, and surface characteristics were analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro computed tomography (CT), and confocal microscope methods. Water retention characteristic were tested in solution with different electrolytic nature. Adsorption parameters were optimized in an aqueous medium. The adsorption performance of imprinted cryogels was studied in milk samples obtained from cow, sheep, goat, buffalo, and from human volunteers at different intervals after birth. Amount of lactose adsorbed in aqueous media and milk sample from humans were 322 (56.7%) and 179.5 (5.94%) mg lactose/g polymer, respectively. Selectivity studies revealed an approximately 8-fold increase in adsorption rate of molecularly imprinted cryogels as compared to that of nonimprinted cryogels. In addition, competitive adsorption was conducted using lactose-imprinted cryogels in aqueous media containing lactose, glucose, and galactose molecules resulting in adsorption rates of 220.56, 57.87, and 61.65 mg biomolecule/g polymer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Erol
- Department of Property Protection and Safety , Osmancık Ö. D. Vocational School, Hitit University , Çorum , Turkey
| | - Gönül Arslan Akveran
- Department of Food Processing , Alaca Avni Çelik Vocational School, Hitit University , Çorum , Turkey
| | - Kazım Köse
- Department of Joint Courses , Hitit University , Çorum 19030 , Turkey
| | - Dursun Ali Köse
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Arts, Hitit University , Çorum , Turkey
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Çimen D, Özbek MA, Bereli N, Mattiasson B, Denizli A. Injectable Cryogels in Biomedicine. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020038. [PMID: 33915687 PMCID: PMC8167568 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are interconnected macroporous materials that are synthesized from a monomer solution at sub-zero temperatures. Cryogels, which are used in various applications in many research areas, are frequently used in biomedicine applications due to their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, physical resistance and sensitivity. Cryogels can also be prepared in powder, column, bead, sphere, membrane, monolithic, and injectable forms. In this review, various examples of recent developments in biomedical applications of injectable cryogels, which are currently scarce in the literature, made from synthetic and natural polymers are discussed. In the present review, several biomedical applications of injectable cryogels, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, therapeutic, therapy, cell transplantation, and immunotherapy, are emphasized. Moreover, it aims to provide a different perspective on the studies to be conducted on injectable cryogels, which are newly emerging trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Çimen
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (D.Ç.); (M.A.Ö.); (N.B.)
| | - Merve Asena Özbek
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (D.Ç.); (M.A.Ö.); (N.B.)
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (D.Ç.); (M.A.Ö.); (N.B.)
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (D.Ç.); (M.A.Ö.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Eigel D, Schuster R, Männel MJ, Thiele J, Panasiuk MJ, Andreae LC, Varricchio C, Brancale A, Welzel PB, Huttner WB, Werner C, Newland B, Long KR. Sulfonated cryogel scaffolds for focal delivery in ex-vivo brain tissue cultures. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120712. [PMID: 33618220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human brain has unique features that are difficult to study in animal models, including the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Despite recent advances in human primary brain tissue culture systems, the use of these models to elucidate cellular disease mechanisms remains limited. A major reason for this is the lack of tools available to precisely manipulate a specific area of the tissue in a reproducible manner. Here we report an easy-to-use tool for site-specific manipulation of human brain tissue in culture. We show that line-shaped cryogel scaffolds synthesized with precise microscale dimensions allow the targeted delivery of a reagent to a specific region of human brain tissue in culture. 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA) was incorporated into the cryogel network to yield a negative surface charge for the reversible binding of molecular cargo. The fluorescent dyes BODIPY and DiI were used as model cargos to show that placement of dye loaded scaffolds onto brain tissue in culture resulted in controlled delivery without a burst release, and labelling of specific regions without tissue damage. We further show that cryogels can deliver tetrodotoxin to tissue, inhibiting neuronal function in a reversible manner. The robust nature and precise dimensions of the cryogel resulted in a user-friendly and reproducible tool to manipulate primary human tissue cultures. These easy-to-use cryogels offer an innovate approach for more complex manipulations of ex-vivo tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Romy Schuster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max J Männel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martyna J Panasiuk
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C Andreae
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Petra B Welzel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Katherine R Long
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307, Dresden, Germany; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Jonidi Shariatzadeh F, Solouk A, Bagheri Khoulenjani S, Bonakdar S, Mirzadeh H. Injectable and reversible preformed cryogels based on chemically crosslinked gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and physically crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) for soft tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111725. [PMID: 33838583 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising choice for soft tissue (cartilage, skin and adipose) engineering and repair. However, lack of interconnected porosity and poor mechanical performance have hindered their application, especially in natural polymer-based hydrogels. Cryogels with the potential to overcome the shortcomings of hydrogels have drawn attention in the last few years. Thus, in this study, highly porous and mechanically robust cryogels based on interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were fabricated for soft tissue engineering application. Cryogels have a constant amount of GelMA (3% wt) with different concentrations of HA (from 5% to 20 % w/w). In fact, crosslinking through cryogelation in subzero temperature facilitates the formation of interconnected pores with 90 % porosity percentage without external progen. On the other hand, high mechanical stability (no failure up to 90 % compression) was achieved due to the cryogelation and chemical crosslinking of GelMA as well as physical crosslinking of HA. Furthermore, the porous and hydrophile nature of the cryogels resulted in shape memory properties under compression, which can reverse to initial shape after retaining the water. Although increasing the HA concentration followed by the density of physical crosslinking boosted the mechanical performance of cryogels under compression, it limited the reversibility properties. Nevertheless, all cryogels with different HA concentrations showed acceptable gel strength and Young's modulus (G-H-20, E = 6kPa) and had appropriate pore size for cell infiltration and nutrient transportation with good cell adhesion and high cell viability (more than 90 %). The unique property of fabricated cryogels that facilitate less invasive delivery makes them a promising alternative for the soft tissue application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shadab Bagheri Khoulenjani
- Polymer and Color Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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40
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Łupina K, Kowalczyk D, Kazimierczak W. Gum Arabic/Gelatin and Water-Soluble Soy Polysaccharides/Gelatin Blend Films as Carriers of Astaxanthin-A Comparative Study of the Kinetics of Release and Antioxidant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071062. [PMID: 33800579 PMCID: PMC8036643 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer blending and incorporation of active substances offer a possibility of generation of novel packaging materials with interesting features. Astaxanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants. Hence, in this study, water-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was incorporated into 75/25 gum arabic/gelatin (GAR75/GEL25) and water-soluble soy polysaccharides/gelatin (WSSP75/GEL25) blend films in different concentrations (0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%). Microscope images showed good compatibility between the polysaccharides and GEL. Basing on time required for 50% release, the WSSP-based film exhibited an approximately four-fold slower release rate (t50% = 65.16–142.80 min) than the GAR-based film (t50% = 14.64–34.02 min). This result was mainly ascribed to the slower dissolution of the WSSP-based carrier. The faster release rate of the GAR-based films resulted in stronger antioxidant activity (quarter-scavenging time (t25%ABTS) = 0.22–7.51 min) in comparison to the WSSP-based films (t25%ABTS = 0.91–12.94 min). The increase in the AST concentration was accompanied by gradually reduced solubility and the release rate. It is possible that the increasing number of starch granules (from the AST formulation) acted as a dissolution blocking agent. In general, the WSSP75/GEL25 film displayed the most linear (the Zero-order similar) release profile. So, this carrier has potential for release of AST at a quasi-constant speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Łupina
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Waldemar Kazimierczak
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Eigel D, Werner C, Newland B. Cryogel biomaterials for neuroscience applications. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105012. [PMID: 33731275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials in the form of 3D polymeric scaffolds have been used to create structurally and functionally biomimetic constructs of nervous system tissue. Such constructs can be used to model defects and disease or can be used to supplement neuronal tissue regeneration and repair. One such group of biomaterial scaffolds are hydrogels, which have been widely investigated for cell/tissue culture and as cell or molecule delivery systems in the field of neurosciences. However, a subset of hydrogels called cryogels, have shown to possess several distinct structural advantages over conventional hydrogel networks. Their macroporous structure, created via the time and resource efficient fabrication process (cryogelation) not only allows mass fluid transport throughout the structure, but also creates a high surface area to volume ratio for cell growth or drug loading. In addition, the macroporous structure of cryogels is ideal for applications in the central nervous system as they are very soft and spongey, yet also robust, which makes them a user-friendly and reproducible tool to address neuroscience challenges. In this review, we aim to provide the neuroscience community, who may not be familiar with the fundamental concepts of cryogels, an accessible summary of the basic information that pertain to their use in the brain and nervous tissue. We hope that this review shall initiate creative ways that cryogels could be further adapted and employed to tackle unsolved neuroscience challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Diken Gür S, Bakhshpour M, Bereli N, Denizli A. Antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via lysozyme imprinted cryogel membranes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1024-1039. [PMID: 33704023 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1892472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biocompatible and cost effective cryogel membrane which shows enhanced antimicrobial properties in order to use for several approaches such as wound dressing, scaffold or food packaging was aimed in this study. A super macro porous lysozyme imprinted cryogel membranes showing antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were prepared by using molecular imprinting technique. N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester (MAH) was used as the pseudo specific ligand and complexed with Cu++ in order to provide metal ion coordination between MAH and template molecule (lysozyme). Comparing the antibacterial activity of different lysozyme concentrations, cryogel membranes were prepared in three different concentrations. To synthesize Poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methylester) P(HEMA-MAH) cryogel membrane, free radical polymerization initiated by N, N, N', N'-tetramethylene diamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS) was carried out at -12 °C. The characterization of the lysozyme imprinted cryogel membrane was accomplished by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling degree measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity test of produced membrane was performed by using mouse fibroblast cell line L929. The antibacterial activity of P(HEMA-MAH) lysozyme molecular imprinted [P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP] cryogel membranes against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined by Kirby-Bauer membranes diffusion and viable cell counting methods. When the antibacterial effect of P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP cryogel membranes were evaluated, it was found that P(HEMA-MAH) Lyz-MIP cryogel membranes had stronger antibacterial effects against Gram-negative E. coli bacteria even in low lysozyme concentrations. In addition, 100% bacterial inhibition was detected for both of two bacteria at increasing lysozyme concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Performance of phospho-L-tyrosine immobilized onto alginate/polyacrylamide-based cryogels: Effect of ligand coupling on human IgG adsorption and Fab fragments separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1165:122530. [PMID: 33486219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ortho-phospho-tyrosine (P-Tyr) pseudoaffinity ligand was immobilized via ether linkage onto polyacrylamide-alginate (PAAm-Alg)-epoxy cryogels prepared according to two different approaches in order to explore their performance in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification from human serum. In the first approach, the P-Tyr was attached to cryogel prepared by cryocopolymerization of acrylamide and alginate with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as functional comonomer, and methylenebisacrylamide and Ca(II) as crosslinkers, obtaining the PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr. In the second approach, the PAAm-Alg was synthesized under the same conditions, but without AGE, and the P-Tyr was coupled to epichlorohydrin (ECH)-activated cryogel, obtaining the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr. Both pseudoaffinity cryogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, swelling tests, porosity, ligand density, and flow dynamics. The human IgG differently interacted with the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr and PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr cryogels, depending on the pH and adsorption buffer system used. The selectivity analyzed by electrophoretic profiles was similar for both cryogels, but PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr achieved higher IgG adsorption capacity (dynamic capacity of 12.62 mg of IgG/mL of cryogel). The IgG purity assayed by ELISA was 95%. The maximum IgG adsorption capacity and dissociation constant of the PAAm-Alg-ECH-P-Tyr, determined by Langmuir isotherm, were found to be 91.75 mg IgG/g of dry cryogel and 4.60 × 10-6 mol/L at pH 6.0 from aqueous solutions. The PAAm-Alg-AGE-P-Tyr showed potential to purify the Fab fragments from papain-digested human IgG solution at pH 7.0. Fab fragments were separated from Fc fragments (but with uncleaved IgG) in eluted fractions (analyzed by the Western blot technique), with yield of 82% and purity of 95% (determined by radial immunodiffusion).
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Çetin K, Aslıyüce S, Idil N, Denizli A. Preparation of lysozyme loaded gelatin microcryogels and investigation of their antibacterial properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 32:189-204. [PMID: 32962559 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1825303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial micron-sized cryogels, so-called microcryogels, were prepared by cryogelation of gelatin and integration of lysozyme. Gelation yield, specific surface area, macro-porosity and swelling degree of the microcryogels were examined in order to characterize their physical properties. MTT method was utilized to measure cell viability of the gelatin microcryogels with a period of 24, 48, and 72 h and no significant decrease was observed at 72 h. Apoptotic staining assay also showed high viability at 24, 48, 72 h in parallel with the control group. The antibacterial performances of the gelatin microcryogels against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were examined. The results showed that the incorporation of lysozyme into gelatin microcryogels exhibited the antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli, that may provide great potential for various applications in the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Çetin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Aslıyüce
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Idil
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Bereli
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Handan Yavuz
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Boccia AC, Scavia G, Schizzi I, Conzatti L. Biobased Cryogels from Enzymatically Oxidized Starch: Functionalized Materials as Carriers of Active Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112557. [PMID: 32486387 PMCID: PMC7321214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch recovered from an agrifood waste, pea pods, was enzymatically modified and used to prepare cryogels applied as drug carriers. The enzymatic modification of starch was performed using the laccase/(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl TEMPO system, at a variable molar ratio. The characterization of the ensuing starches by solution NMR spectroscopy showed partial conversion of the primary hydroxyl groups versus aldehyde and carboxyl groups and successive creation of hemiacetal and ester bonds. Enzymatically modified starch after simple freezing and lyophilization process provided stable and compact cryogels with a morphology characterized by irregular pores, as determined by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of cryogels as carriers of active molecules was successfully evaluated by following two different approaches of loading with drugs: a) as loaded sponge, by adsorption of drug from the liquid phase; and b) as dry-loaded cryogel, from a dehydration step added to loaded cryogel from route (a). The efficiency of the two routes was studied and compared by determining the drug release profile by proton NMR studies over time. Preliminary results demonstrated that cryogels from modified starch are good candidates to act as drug delivery systems due to their stability and prolonged residence times of loaded molecules, opening promising applications in biomedical and food packaging scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caterina Boccia
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-236-99-212
| | - Guido Scavia
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Schizzi
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy; (I.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Conzatti
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Technologies-SCITEC “G. Natta”, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy; (I.S.); (L.C.)
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Influence of succinylation of a wide-pore albumin cryogels on their properties, structure, biodegradability, and release dynamics of dioxidine loaded in such spongy carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:583-592. [PMID: 32479937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to reveal how the chemical modification, succinylation in this case, of the wide-pore serum-albumin-based cryogels affects on their osmotic characteristics (swelling extent), biodegradability and ability to be loaded with the bactericide substance - dioxidine, as well as on its release. The cryogels were prepared via the cryogenic processing (freezing - frozen storage - thawing) of aqueous solutions containing bovine serum albumin (50 g/L), denaturant (urea or guanidine hydrochloride, 1.0 mol/L) and reductant (cysteine, 0.01 mol/L). Freezing/frozen storage temperatures were either -15, or -20, or -25 °C. After defrosting, spongy cryogels were obtained that possessed the system of interconnected gross pores, whose shape and dimensions were dependent on the freezing temperature and on the type of denaturant introduced in the feed solution. Subsequent succinylation of the resultant cryogels caused the growth of the swelling degree of the pore walls of these spongy materials, resulted in strengthening of their resistance against of trypsinolysis and gave rise to an increase in their loading capacity with respect to dioxidine. With that, the microbiological tests showed a higher bactericidal activity of the dioxidine-loaded sponges based on the succinylated albumin cryogels as compared to that of the drug-carriers based on the non-modified protein sponges.
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Composite Polymeric Cryogel Cartridges for Selective Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051149. [PMID: 32443399 PMCID: PMC7284788 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, composite polymeric cryogel cartridges were achieved by using Cd(II) imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate N-methacryloly-(L)-cysteine methylester) beads and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel cartridges with two different mole ratios of functional monomer. The N-methacryloly-(L)-cysteinemethylester was used as a functional monomer and Cd(II) 1:1 and 2:1, which were then notated as MIP1 and MIP2, respectively. Various characterization methods have confirmed the structural transformation on the MIP1 and MIP2 composite cryogel cartridges by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance, and swelling tests. The maximum amount of Cd(II) adsorption with composite cryogel cartridges was determined by altering the Cd(II) initial concentration, temperature, and pH values. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIP1 and MIP2 composite cryogel cartridges obtained was 76.35 and 98.8 µmol/g of composite cryogels, respectively. The adsorption studies revealed that the MIP2 possessed a good adsorption performance for Cd(II). The obtained composite cryogel cartridges have a selective, reusable, and cost-friendly potential for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions, and are used many times without decreasing their adsorption capacities significantly. The Cd(II) removal rate of the MIP1 and MIP2 composite cryogel cartridges from synthetic wastewater samples was determined as 98.8%. The obtained cryogel cartridges’ adsorption material exhibited a good directional removal performance for Cd(II) from wastewater samples.
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Bakhshpour M, Göktürk I, Bereli N, Denizli A. Molecularly imprinted cryogel cartridges for the selective recognition of tyrosine. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3006. [PMID: 32329233 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers are used for creating a specific cavity and selective recognition sites for the structure of a target molecule in a polymeric structure. In this study, specific molecularly imprinted cryogel cartridges were synthesized using two distinct functional monomers to compare imprinting efficiency for the selective recognition of Tyrosine (Tyr). Tyr-imprinted cryogel cartridge (MIP1) was prepared using metal-chelate coordination for the imprinting process by free-radical bulk polymerization under frozen conditions, and Tyr-imprinted cryogel cartridge (MIP2) was prepared in the same way using hydrophobic effects for imprinting. After the characterization of the cryogel cartridges was carried out, the optimum adsorption conditions of both were determined according to the different parameters such as flow rate (0.5-2.5 ml/min), pH of the medium (4.0-8.0), initial Tyr concentration (0.1-3.0 mg/ml), and temperature (4-45°C). Selectivity experiments of Tyr-imprinted and non-imprinted cryogel cartridges were carried out by using phenylalanine, tryptophan, and cysteine. Besides, the eluted Tyr from MIP1 and MIP2 cryogel cartridge were applied to FPLC system. Also, the reusability experiments of Tyr-imprinted cryogel cartridges was observed no significant decrease in the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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