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Frohn L, Peixoto D, Terrier F, Costas B, Bugeon J, Cartier C, Richard N, Pinel K, Skiba-Cassy S. Gut physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is influenced more by short-term fasting followed by refeeding than by feeding fishmeal-free diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1281-1303. [PMID: 38625479 PMCID: PMC11213814 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Supplementing a fishmeal-free diet with yeast extract improves rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance and modulates the hepatic and intestinal transcriptomic response. These effects are often observed in the long term but are not well documented after short periods of fasting. Fasting for a few days is a common practice in fish farming, especially before handling the fish, such as for short sorting, tank transfers, and vaccinations. In the present study, rainbow trout were subjected to a 4-day fast and then refed, for 8 days, a conventional diet containing fishmeal (control diet) or alternative diets composed of terrestrial animal by-products supplemented or not with a yeast extract. During the refeeding period alone, most of the parameters considered did not differ significantly in response to the different feeds. Only the expression of claudin-15 was upregulated in fish fed the yeast-supplemented diet compared to the control diet. Conversely, fasting followed by refeeding significantly influenced most of the parameters analyzed. In the proximal intestine, the surface area of villi significantly increased, and the density of goblet cell tended to decrease during refeeding. Although no distinct plasma immune response or major signs of gut inflammation were observed, some genes involved in the structure, complement pathway, antiviral functions, coagulation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response of the liver and intestine were significantly regulated by refeeding after fasting. These results indicate that short-term fasting, as commonly practiced in fish farming, significantly alters the physiology of the liver and intestine regardless of the composition of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frohn
- INRAE, NUMEA, Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Phileo By Lesaffre, 59700, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- INRAE, NUMEA, Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Benjamin Costas
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Bugeon
- INRAE, LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christel Cartier
- INRAE, ToxAlim, ENVT, INP El Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Karine Pinel
- INRAE, NUMEA, Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, NUMEA, Université de Pau & des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Azeredo R, Peixoto D, Santos P, Duarte I, Ricardo A, Aragão C, Machado M, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Plays a Role as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles during Chronic Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:309. [PMID: 38785791 PMCID: PMC11117642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Where teleost fish are concerned, studies in tryptophan immunomodulation generally point to immunosuppressive properties, thus presenting a potential anti-inflammatory dietary strategy. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of tryptophan dietary supplementation on immune and neuroendocrine responses of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, undergoing chronic inflammation. Juvenile European seabass were intraperitoneally injected with either Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA, inflamed group) or a saline solution (control group). Within each group, fish were fed a control (CTRL) and a CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3% DM basis; TRP) for 4 weeks. Different tissues were sampled every week for the assessment of immune-related parameters. When TRP was provided to FIA-injected fish, mcsfr gene expression increased from 1 to 2 weeks and remained high until the end of the experiment. The same fish showed a concurrent increase in peripheral monocyte counts. Moreover, il34 expression at 1 week post-FIA injection was higher in TRP-fed than in CTRL-fed fish. After one week, molecular patterns of anti-inflammatory processes seemed to be favoured by TRP (mcsfr, gr1, il34 and tgfβ). Altogether, the results show that the feeding period seems to be critical where tryptophan supplementation is concerned since at later inflammatory stages-and longer feeding periods-fish fed TRP displayed a molecular profile similar to that of the CTRL group. In contrast, shorter administration periods might accelerate immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus da Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Defaix R, Lokesh J, Frohn L, Le Bechec M, Pigot T, Véron V, Surget A, Biasutti S, Terrier F, Skiba-Cassy S, Roy J, Panserat S, Ricaud K. Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high-starch, 100% plant-based diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38247008 PMCID: PMC10802069 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds. In a two-factor design, we examined the impact of inulin (2%) as well as the variation in the carbohydrates (CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout. We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters, plasma metabolites, gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine, intermediary liver metabolism, and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial. RESULTS The use of 2% inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota, but interestingly, the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity, with 21 bacterial genera affected, including Ralstonia, Bacillus, and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria. There were higher levels of butyric, and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin. The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1b, il8, and tnfa) in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine (tjp1a and tjp3). However, the 2% inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers. Finally, inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates. CONCLUSIONS With a 100% plant-based diet, inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2% inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100% plant-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Defaix
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Laura Frohn
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Vincent Véron
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandra Biasutti
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, Département Génie Biologique, Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Frédéric Terrier
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jérôme Roy
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-Sur-Nivelle, France.
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Hissen KL, He W, Wu G, Criscitiello MF. Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241615. [PMID: 37841275 PMCID: PMC10570457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Hissen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang He
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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Šimková A, Civáňová Křížová K, Voříšková K, Vetešník L, Bystrý V, Demko M. Transcriptome Profile Analyses of Head Kidney in Roach ( Rutilus rutilus), Common Bream ( Abramis brama) and Their Hybrids: Does Infection by Monogenean Parasites in Freshwater Fish Reveal Differences in Fish Vigour among Parental Species and Their Hybrids? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37759598 PMCID: PMC10525477 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid generations usually face either a heterosis advantage or a breakdown, that can be expressed by the level of parasite infection in hybrid hosts. Hybrids are less infected by parasites than parental species (especially F1 generations) or more infected than parental species (especially post-F1 generations). We performed the experiment with blood-feeding gill parasite Paradiplozoon homoion (Monogenea) infecting leuciscid species, Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus, their F1 generation and two backcross generations. Backcross generations tended to be more parasitized than parental lines and the F1 generation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was lower in F1 hybrids and higher in backcross hybrids when compared to each of the parental lines. The main groups of DEGs were shared among lines; however, A. brama and R. rutilus differed in some of the top gene ontology (GO) terms. DEG analyses revealed the role of heme binding and erythrocyte differentiation after infection by blood-feeding P. homoion. Two backcross generations shared some of the top GO terms, representing mostly downregulated genes associated with P. homoion infection. KEGG analysis revealed the importance of disease-associated pathways; the majority of them were shared by two backcross generations. Our study revealed the most pronounced DEGs associated with blood-feeding monogeneans in backcross hybrids, potentially (but not exclusively) explainable by hybrid breakdown. The lower DEGs reported in F1 hybrids being less parasitized than backcross hybrids is in line with the hybrid advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristína Civáňová Křížová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Kristýna Voříšková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.V.)
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Demko
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.C.K.); (K.V.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.B.); (M.D.)
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Transcriptome and Genome Analyses Applied to Aquaculture Research. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091312. [PMID: 36138791 PMCID: PMC9495693 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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