1
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Tian J, Wei S, Liang W, Wang G. Enhancing levan biosynthesis by destroying the strongly acidic environment caused by membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase (mGDH) in Gluconobacter sp. MP2116. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 10:68-75. [PMID: 39263351 PMCID: PMC11388042 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Levan produced by Gluconobacter spp. has great potential in biotechnological applications. However, Gluconobacter spp. can synthesize organic acids during fermentation, resulting in environmental acidification. Few studies have focused on the effects of environmental acidification on levan synthesis. This study revealed that the organic acids, mainly gluconic acid (GA) and 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) secreted by Gluconobacter sp. MP2116 created a highly acidic environment (pH < 3) that inhibited levan biosynthesis. The levansucrase derived from strain MP2116 had high enzyme activity at pH 4.0 ∼ pH 6.5. When the ambient pH was less than 3, the enzyme activity decreased by 67 %. Knocking out the mgdh gene of membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase (mGDH) in the GA and 2KGA synthesis pathway in strain MP2116 eliminated the inhibitory effect of high acid levels on levansucrase function. As a result, the levan yield increased from 7.4 g/l (wild-type) to 18.8 g/l (Δmgdh) during fermentation without pH control. This study provides a new strategy for improving levan production by preventing the inhibition of polysaccharide synthesis by environmental acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shumin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao, 266109, China
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2
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Charoenwongphaibun C, Wangpaiboon K, Panpetch P, Wanichacheva N, Pichyangkura R. Endo- and exo-levanases from Bacillus subtilis HM7: Catalytic components, synergistic cooperation, and application in fructooligosaccharide synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132508. [PMID: 38782321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (LFOS) exhibit significant biological activities and selectively promote the growth of certain beneficial bacteria. Levanase is an important enzyme for LFOS production. In this study, two isoforms of levanases, exo- and endo-type depolymerizing enzymes, from Bacillus subtilis HM7 isolated from Dynastes hercules larvae excrement were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The synergistic effect on the levan hydrolysis and kinetic properties of both isoforms were evaluated, indicating their cooperation in levan metabolism, where the endo-levanase catalyzes a rate-limiting step. In addition, homology models and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the key amino residues of the enzymes for levan binding and catalysis. It was found that both isoforms possessed distinct binding residues in the active sites, suggesting the importance of the specificity of the enzymes. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of endo-type levanase in LFOS synthesis using a one-pot reaction with levansucrase. Overall, this study fills the knowledge gap in understanding levanase's mechanism, making an important contribution to the fields of food science and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chonnipha Charoenwongphaibun
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nantanit Wanichacheva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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3
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Silveira RD, Veras FF, Hernandes KC, Bach E, Passaglia LMP, Zini CA, Brandelli A, Welke JE. Genomic analysis reveals genes that encode the synthesis of volatile compounds by a Bacillus velezensis-based biofungicide used in the treatment of grapes to control Aspergillus carbonarius. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110644. [PMID: 38417280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fungal control strategies based on the use of Bacillus have emerged in agriculture as eco-friendly alternatives to replace/reduce the use of synthetic pesticides. Bacillus sp. P1 was reported as a new promising strain for control of Aspergillus carbonarius, a known producer of ochratoxin A, categorized as possible human carcinogen with high nephrotoxic potential. Grape quality can be influenced by vineyard management practices, including the use of fungal control agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the quality parameters of Chardonnay grapes exposed to an antifungal Bacillus-based strategy for control of A. carbonarius, supporting findings by genomic investigations. Furthermore, genomic tools were used to confirm that the strain P1 belongs to the non-pathogenic species Bacillus velezensis and also to certify its biosafety. The genome of B. velezensis P1 harbors genes that are putatively involved in the production of volatiles and hydrolytic enzymes, which are responsible for releasing the free form of aroma compounds. In addition to promote biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and ochratoxins, the treatment with B. velezensis P1 did not change the texture (hardness and firmness), color and pH of the grapes. Heat map and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of volatiles evaluated by GC/MS revealed that Bacillus-treated grapes showed higher levels of compounds with a pleasant odor descriptions such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,3-butanediol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3,4-dihydro-β-ionone, β-ionone, dihydroactinidiolide, linalool oxide, and β-terpineol. The results of this study indicate that B. velezensis P1 presents desirable properties to be used as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Diogo Silveira
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, CEP 91501- 970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fonseca Veras
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, CEP 91501- 970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karolina Cardoso Hernandes
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, CEP 91501- 970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Evelise Bach
- Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43411, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Alcaraz Zini
- Instituto de Química, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43111, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, CEP 91501- 970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliane Elisa Welke
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43212, CEP 91501- 970 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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4
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Ni D, Zhang S, Liu X, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Production, effects, and applications of fructans with various molecular weights. Food Chem 2024; 437:137895. [PMID: 37924765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructan, a widespread functional polysaccharide, has been used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and material production fields because of its versatile physicochemical properties and biological activities. Inulin from plants and levan from microorganisms are two of the most extensively studied fructans. Fructans from different plants or microorganisms have inconsistent molecular weights, and the molecular weight of fructan affects its properties, functions, and applications. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the production and application of fructans having various molecular weights, and biotechnological processes have been explored to produce tailor-made fructans from sucrose. This review encompasses the introduction of extraction, enzymatic transformation, and fermentation production processes for fructans with diverse molecular weights. Notably, it highlights the enzymes involved in fructan biosynthesis and underscores their physiological effects, with a special emphasis on their prebiotic properties. Moreover, the applications of fructans with varying molecular weights are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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5
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Tian J, Wei S, Jiao Y, Liang W, Wang G. A strategy to reduce the byproduct glucose by simultaneously producing levan and single cell oil using an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain displaying levansucrase on the surface. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130395. [PMID: 38301939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Currently, levan is attracting attention due to its promising applications in the food and biomedical fields. Levansucrase synthesizes levan by polymerizing the fructosyl unit in sucrose. However, a large amount of the byproduct glucose is produced during this process. In this paper, an engineered oleaginous yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) strain was constructed using a surface display plasmid containing the LevS gene of Gluconobacter sp. MP2116. The levansucrase activity of the engineered yeast strain reached 327.8 U/g of cell dry weight. The maximal levan concentration (58.9 g/l) was achieved within 156 h in the 5-liter fermentation. Over 81.2 % of the sucrose was enzymolyzed by the levansucrase, and the byproduct glucose was converted to 21.8 g/l biomass with an intracellular oil content of 25.5 % (w/w). The obtained oil was comprised of 91.3 % long-chain fatty acids (C16-C18). This study provides new insight for levan production and comprehensive utilization of the byproduct in levan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shumin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yingying Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Road, No.700, Qingdao 266109, China.
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6
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Klaewkla M, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Charoenwongpaiboon T. Unraveling the role of flexible coil near calcium binding site of levansucrase on thermostability and product profile via proline substitution and molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2024; 92:170-178. [PMID: 37753539 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to its bioactivity and versatile applications, levan has appeared as a promising biomaterial. Levansucrase is responsible for the conversion of sucrose into levan. With the goal of enhancing levan production, the strategy for enhancing the stability of levansucrase is being intensively studied. To make proteins more stable under high temperatures, proline, the most rigid residue, can be introduced into previously flexible regions. Herein, G249, D250, N251, and H252 on the flexible coil close to the calcium binding site of Bacillus licheniformis levansucrase were replaced with proline. Mutations at G249P greatly enhance both the enzyme's thermodynamic and kinetic stability, while those at H252P improve solely the enzyme's kinetic stability. GPC analysis revealed that G249P synthesize more levan, but H252P generate primarily oligosaccharides. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and MM/GBSA analysis revealed that G249P mutation increased not only the stability of levansucrase, but also affinity toward fructan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Luo Z, Yan Y, Du S, Zhu Y, Pan F, Wang R, Xu Z, Xu X, Li S, Xu H. Recent advances and prospects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as microbial cell factories: from rational design to industrial applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1073-1091. [PMID: 35997331 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2095499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is one of the most characterized Gram-positive bacteria. This species has unique characteristics that are beneficial for industrial applications, including its utilization of: cheap carbon as a substrate, a transparent genetic background, and large-scale robustness in fermentation. Indeed, the productivity characteristics of B. amyloliquefaciens have been thoroughly analyzed and further optimized through systems biology and synthetic biology techniques. Following the analysis of multiple engineering design strategies, B. amyloliquefaciens is now considered an efficient cell factory capable of producing large quantities of multiple products from various raw materials. In this review, we discuss the significant potential advantages offered by B. amyloliquefaciens as a platform for metabolic engineering and industrial applications. In addition, we systematically summarize the recent laboratory research and industrial application of B. amyloliquefaciens, including: relevant advances in systems and synthetic biology, various strategies adopted to improve the cellular performances of synthetic chemicals, as well as the latest progress in the synthesis of certain important products by B. amyloliquefaciens. Finally, we propose the current challenges and essential strategies to usher in an era of broader B. amyloliquefaciens use as microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Yang X, Zeng D, Li C, Yu W, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lu W. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of functional oligosaccharides in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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9
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Jaswal AS, Elangovan R, Mishra S. Synthesis and molecular characterization of levan produced by immobilized Microbacterium paraoxydans. J Biotechnol 2023; 373:63-72. [PMID: 37451319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report high molecular weight (HMW) levan production by whole cells of Microbacterium paraoxydans, previously reported to be a good producer of fructooligosaccharides. Structural analysis of the extracellularly produced fructan indicated the glycosidic bonds between the adjacent fructose to be of β-(2, 6) linkage with over 90% of the fructan to have molecular weight around 2 × 108 Da and 10% with a molecular weight of ∼20 kDa. Immobilization of the cells in Ca-alginate led to the production of 44.6 g/L levan with a yield of 0.29 g/g sucrose consumed. Factors affecting the conversion rate were identified by One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) analysis and the combination of these (initial sucrose concentration of 400 g/L, 100 mM buffer pH 7, the temperature of 37 °C and 20 mM CaCl2) led to the production of ∼129 g/L of levan with a yield of ∼0.41 g/g sucrose consumed and volumetric productivity of 1.8 g/L/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijeet Singh Jaswal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New-Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ravikrishnan Elangovan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New-Delhi 110016, India
| | - Saroj Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New-Delhi 110016, India.
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10
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Chen L, Hill A, Petit JL, Mariage A, de Berardinis V, Karboune S. Discovery and Enzymatic Screening of Genome-Mined Microbial Levanases to Produce Second-Generation β-(2,6)-Fructooligosaccharides: Catalytic Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:465-475. [PMID: 36826427 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that β-(2,6)-levan-type fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) possess higher prebiotic potential and selectivity than their β-(2,1)-inulin-type counterparts. The focus of the present work was to develop an enzymatic approach for the synthesis of levan-type FOSs, employing levanases (EC 3.2.1.65), specifically those performing endo-hydrolysis on levans. To identify new levanases, a selection of candidates was obtained via in silico exploration of the levanase family biodiversity through a sequence-driven approach. A collection of 113 candidates was screened according to their specific activities on low- and high-molecular-weight (MW) levan as well as thermal stability. The most active levanases were able to hydrolyze both types of levan with similar efficiency. This ultimately revealed 10 active, highly evolutionary distant and diverse candidate levanases, which demonstrated preferential hydrolysis of levan over inulin. The end-product profile differed significantly depending on levanase with levanbiose, levantriose, and levantetraose being the major FOSs. Among them, the catalytic properties of 5 selected potential new levanases (LEV9 from Belliella Baltica, LEV36 from Dyadobacter fermentans, LEV37 from Capnocytophaga ochracea, LEV79 from Vibrio natriegens, LEV91 from Paenarthrobacter aurescens) were characterized, especially in terms of pH and temperature profiles, thermal stability, and kinetic parameters. The identification of these novel levanases is expected to contribute to the production of levan-type FOSs with properties surpassing those of commercial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Andrea Hill
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Aline Mariage
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Véronique de Berardinis
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, Evry 91057, France
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University 21,111 Lakeshore Road Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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11
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Synthesis of Cationic Quaternized Nanolevan Derivative for Small Molecule and Nucleic Acid Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030188. [PMID: 36975637 PMCID: PMC10048328 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a biopolymer composed of fructose chains covalently linked by β−2,6 glycosidic linkages. This polymer self−assembles into a nanoparticle of uniform size, making it useful for a wide range of applications. Also, levan exhibits various biological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor, that make this polymer very attractive for biomedical application. In this study, levan synthesized from Erwinia tasmaniensis was chemically modified by glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) to produce cationized nanolevan (QA-levan). The structure of the obtained GTMAC−modified levan was determined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental (CHN) analyzer. The size of the nanoparticle was calculated using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The formation of DNA/QA-levan polyplex was then investigated by gel electrophoresis. The modified levan was able to increase the solubility of quercetin and curcumin by 11-folds and 205-folds, respectively, compared to free compounds. Cytotoxicity of levan and QA−levan was also investigated in HEK293 cells. This finding suggests that GTMAC−modified levan should have a potential application for drug and nucleic acid delivery.
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Ávila-Fernández Á, Montiel S, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Caspeta L, López Munguía A. Simultaneous enzyme production, Levan-type FOS synthesis and sugar by-products elimination using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain expressing a levansucrase-endolevanase fusion enzyme. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36703199 PMCID: PMC9881289 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) have been shown to exhibit prebiotic properties, no efficient methods for their large-scale production have been proposed. One alternative relies on the simultaneous levan synthesis from sucrose, followed by endolevanase hydrolysis. For this purpose, several options have been described, particularly through the synthesis of the corresponding enzymes in recombinant Escherichia coli. Major drawbacks still consist in the requirement of GRAS microorganisms for enzyme production, but mainly, the elimination of glucose and fructose, the reaction by-products. RESULTS The expression of a fusion enzyme between Bacillus licheniformis endolevanase (LevB1) and B. subtilis levansucrase (SacB) in Pichia pastoris cultures, coupled with the simultaneous synthesis of L-FOS from sucrose and the elimination of the residual monosaccharides, in a single one-pot process was developed. The proof of concept at 250 mL flask-level, resulted in 8.62 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 12.83 gDCW of biomass, after 3 successive sucrose additions (30 g in total), that is a 28.7% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose) over a period of 288 h. At a 1.5 L bioreactor-level, growth considerably increased and, after 59 h and two sucrose additions, 72.9 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 22.77 gDCW of biomass were obtained from a total of 160 g of sucrose fed, corresponding to a 45.5% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose), 1.6 higher than the flask system. The L-FOS obtained at flask-level had a DP lower than 20 fructose units, while at bioreactor-level smaller oligosaccharides were obtained, with a DP lower than 10, as a consequence of the lower endolevanase activity in the flask-level. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here in a novel system, that P. pastoris cultures can simultaneously be used as comprehensive system to produce the enzyme and the enzymatic L-FOS synthesis with growth sustained by sucrose by-products. This system may be now the center of an optimization strategy for an efficient production of glucose and fructose free L-FOS, to make them available for their application as prebiotics. Besides, P. pastoris biomass also constitutes an interesting source of unicellular protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ávila-Fernández
- grid.441115.40000 0001 2293 8305Centro de Investigación, DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez No. 2838-A. Col. Tamulte ´, 86150 Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Silvia Montiel
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Luis Caspeta
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
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Khamwan S, Boonlue S, Mongkolthanaruk W. Production of fructan synthesis/hydrolysis of endophytic bacteria involved in inulin production in Jerusalem artichoke. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:296. [PMID: 36276462 PMCID: PMC9519817 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria refer to bacteria which promote plant growth via direct and indirect mechanisms. Three endophytic bacteria isolated from Jerusalem artichoke exhibited plant growth induction and inulin production. These bacteria had functions of fructan degradation and synthesis from inulinase and levansucrase, respectively. Rossellomorea aquimaris 3.13 and Priestia megaterium 3.5 obtained inulinase/levanase enzyme with inulin and levan as substrates; enzyme production showed the optimum conditions in 1% inulin medium of 35 °C, pH 7.0. Bacillus velezensis 5.18 and Priestia megaterium 3.5 had inulosucrase/levansucrase enzyme with sucrose as a major carbon source; the enzyme had optimum temperature and pH conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. A combination of carbon sources had effect on decreasing enzyme activity; in addition, co-inoculation of bacteria showed a slight difference in enzyme production compared with single inoculation. The inulosucrase/levansucrase was produced earlier in co-culture containing bacteria with inulinase activity. Plant fructan synthesis was involved in 1-SST and 1-FFT, while 1-FEH encoded inulin degradation; these genes were evaluated in Jerusalem artichoke inoculated with the endophytic bacteria to quantify gene expression level using qPCR. All genes expressed in low levels at early stage of growth, responding to all endophytic bacteria. Significantly, Bacillus velezensis 5.18 induced all genes of the plant at 65 days of inoculation; Rossellomorea aquimaris 3.13 induced 1-FFT while Priestia megaterium 3.5 induced 1-SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumolnat Khamwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Muang, 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Muang, 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Muang, 40002 Khon Kaen Thailand
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14
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Septham P, Jiamvoraphong N, Issaragrisil S, Pichyangkura R, Lorthongpanich C. Production and bioactivities of nanoparticulated and ultrasonic-degraded levan generated by Erwinia tasmaniensis levansucrase in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1121-1129. [PMID: 36115448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Levan is a bioactive polysaccharide that can be synthesized by various microorganisms. In this study, the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of levan synthesized by recombinant levansucrase from Erwinia tasmaniensis were investigated. The synthesis conditions, including the enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and temperature, were optimized. The obtained levan generally appeared as a cloudy suspension. However, it could transform into a hydrogel at concentrations exceeding 10 % (w/v). Then, ultrasonication was utilized to reduce the molecular weight and increase the bioavailability of levan. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicated that the size of levan was significantly decreased by ultrasonication, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray powder diffraction revealed that the chemical structure of levan was not changed. Finally, the bioactivities of both levan forms were examined using human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells. The result clearly illustrated that sonicated levan had higher antiproliferative activity in Saos-2 cells than original levan. Sonicated levan also activated Toll-like receptor expression at the mRNA level. These findings suggested the important beneficial applications of sonicated levan for the development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prapasri Septham
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Jiamvoraphong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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15
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Karboune S, Seo S, Li M, Waglay A, Lagacé L. Biotransformation of sucrose rich Maple syrups into fructooligosaccharides, oligolevans and levans using levansucrase biocatalyst: Bioprocess optimization and prebiotic activity assessment. Food Chem 2022; 382:132355. [PMID: 35152014 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maple syrup was investigated as a source to produce FOSs and β-(2-6)-linked-oligolevans/levans. The modulation of this biotransformation was achieved through the control of Maple syrup °Bx and reaction conditions. Reaction time was identified as the most influential factor for the oligolevans/FOSs production in Maple syrup 30°Bx reaction system as well as for the oligolevans/levans synthesis in the 66°Bx one. In the predictive model of oligolevans/levans production in Maple syrup 60°Bx, the interactive effect between levansucrase unit and reaction time was significant (p-value of 0.0008). The optimal conditions for oligolevans/FOSs production (109.20 g/L) in Maple syrup 30°Bx were 3.73 U/mL, pH 6.60 and 23.12 h; while 5 U/mL, pH 6.04 and 29.92 h were identified as the optimal conditions for oligolevans/levans production (147.09 g/L) in Maple syrup 66°Bx. As compared to inulin-type commercial FOSs, the fermentation of oligolevans/FOSs from Maple syrup led to a higher count of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and resulted in a higher production of lactic acid. This study lays the foundation for the biotransformation of Maple syrups into functional prebiotic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Sooyoun Seo
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mengxi Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Amanda Waglay
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luc Lagacé
- Centre de recherche, de développement et de transfert technologique acéricole inc, 142 rang Lainesse St-Norbert d'Arthabaska, Québec G0P 1B0, Canada
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16
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Levan-type fructooligosaccharides synthesis by novel levansucrase-inulosucrase fusion enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Versluys M, Porras-Domínguez JR, De Coninck T, Van Damme EJM, Van den Ende W. A novel chicory fructanase can degrade common microbial fructan product profiles and displays positive cooperativity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1602-1622. [PMID: 34750605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructan metabolism in bacteria and plants relies on fructosyltransferases and fructanases. Plant fructanases (fructan exohydrolase, FEH) only hydrolyse terminal fructose residues. Levan (β-2,6 linkages) is the most abundant fructan type in bacteria. Dicot fructan accumulators, such as chicory (Cichorium intybus), accumulate inulin (β-2,1 linkages), harbouring several 1-FEH isoforms for their degradation. Here, a novel chicory fructanase with high affinity for levan was characterized, providing evidence that such enzymes widely occur in higher plants. It is adapted to common microbial fructan profiles, but has low affinity towards chicory inulin, in line with a function in trimming of microbial fructans in the extracellular environment. Docking experiments indicate the importance of an N-glycosylation site close to the active site for substrate specificity. Optimal pH and temperature for levan hydrolysis are 5.0 and 43.7 °C, respectively. Docking experiments suggested multiple substrate binding sites and levan-mediated enzyme dimerization, explaining the observed positive cooperativity. Alignments show a single amino acid shift in the position of a conserved DXX(R/K) couple, typical for sucrose binding in cell wall invertases. A possible involvement of plant fructanases in levan trimming is discussed, in line with the emerging 'fructan detour' concepts, suggesting that levan oligosaccharides act as signalling entities during plant-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Versluys
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Ma Y, Qiu Y, Yu C, Li S, Xu H. Design and construction of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cell factory for hyaluronic acid synthesis from Jerusalem artichoke inulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:410-418. [PMID: 35202630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a high-value biomacromolecule, has wide applications in medical, cosmetic and food fields. Currently, employing the safe-grade microorganisms for de novo biosynthesis of HA from renewable substrates has become a promising alternative. In this study, we established a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain as platform for HA production from Jerusalem artichoke inulin. Firstly, the different HA and UDP-GlcUA synthase genes were introduced into B. amyloliquefaciens to construct the HA synthesis pathway. Secondly, the byproduct polysaccharides were removed by knocking sacB and epsA-O using CRISPR/Cas9n system, resulting in a 13% increase in HA production. Finally, 2.89 g/L HA with a high molecular weight of 1.5 MDa was obtained after optimizing fermentation conditions and adding osmotic agents. This study demonstrates the engineered B. amyloliquefaciens can effectively synthesize HA with Jerusalem artichoke inulin and provides a green route for HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ma
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Caiyuan Yu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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Wangpaiboon K, Klaewkla M, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Vongkusolkit N, Panpetch P, Kuttiyawong K, Visessanguan W, Pichyangkura R. Synergistic enzyme cocktail between levansucrase and inulosucrase for superb levan-type fructooligosaccharide synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 154:109960. [PMID: 34923315 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inulosucrase (ISC) and levansucrase (LSC) utilise sucrose and produce inulin- and levan-type fructans, respectively. This study aims to propose a new strategy to improve levan-type fructooligosaccharide (L-FOS) production. The effect of ISC/ LSC -mixed reaction was elucidated on L-FOS production. The presence of ISC in the LSC reaction significantly leads to the higher production of L-FOSs as the main products. Furthermore, the different ratios between ISC and LSC affected the distribution of L-FOSs. A greater amount of ISC compared to LSC promoted the synthesis of short-chain L-FOSs. Conversely, when LSC was increased, the synthesis of longer-chain L-FOSs was enhanced. The addition of trisaccharide mixtures obtained from either a single ISC or LSC reaction could enhance L-FOSs synthesis in the LSC reaction. Analysis of these trisaccharides revealed that most species of the oligosaccharides were similar, with 1-kestose being the major one. The supplement of only 1-kestose in the LSC reaction showed similar results to those of the reaction in the presence of trisaccharide mixtures. Moreover, the results were supported by molecular dynamics simulations. This work not only provides an improvement in L-FOS production but also revealed and supported some insights into the mechanism of fructansucrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Napas Vongkusolkit
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pawinee Panpetch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamontip Kuttiyawong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholayothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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20
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Expression of the Bacillus subtilis TasA signal peptide leads to cell death in Escherichia coli due to inefficient cleavage by LepB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183768. [PMID: 34492253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has five type I signal peptidases, one of these, SipW, is an archaeal-like peptidase. SipW is expressed in an operon (tapA-sipW-tasA) and is responsible for removing the signal peptide from two proteins: TapA and TasA. It is unclear from the signal peptide sequence of TasA and TapA, why an archaeal-like signal peptidase is required for their processing. Bioinformatic analysis of TasA and TapA indicates that both contain highly similar signal peptide cleavage sites, both predicted to be cleaved by Escherichia coli signal peptidase I, LepB. We show that expressing full length TasA in E. coli is toxic and leads to cell death. To determine if this phenotype is due to the inability of the E. coli LepB to process the TasA signal peptide, we fused the TasA signal peptide and two amino acids of mature TasA (up to P2') to both maltose binding protein (MBP) and β-lactamase (Bla). We observed a defect in secretion, indicated by an abundance of unprocessed protein with both TasA-MBP and TasA-Bla fusions. A series of mutations in both TasA-MBP and TasA-Bla were made around the junction of the TasA signal peptide and the fusion protein. Both of these studies indicate that residues around the predicted TasA signal sequence cleavage site, particularly the sequence from P3 to P2', inhibit processing by LepB. The cell death observed when TasA and TasA signal sequence fusion proteins are expressed is likely due to the TasA signal peptide blocking LepB and thereby the general secretion pathway.
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21
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Production of bimodal molecular weight levan by a Lactobacillus reuteri isolate from fish gut. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:21-31. [PMID: 34453701 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesizing potentially probiotic Gram-positive bacterial strain was isolated from fish (Tor putitora) gut, and its EPS was structurally characterized. The isolate, designated as FW2, was identified as Lactobacillus reuteri through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This isolate produces fructan-type EPS using sucrose as a substrate. Based on 13C-NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis and monosaccharide composition, the EPS was identified as a linear levan polymer with fructose as main constituent linked via β(2 → 6) linkages. Based on molecular weight (MW) distribution, two groups of levan were found to be produced by the isolate FW2: one with high MW (4.6 × 106 Da) and the other having much lower MW (1.2 × 104 Da). The isolate yielded about 14 g/L levan under optimized culturing parameters including aeration conditions, pH, temperature and substrate concentration. The obtained bimodal molecular weight linear levan is the first of its type to be synthesized by a L. reuteri isolate from fish gut. Bimodal molecular weight prebiotic levan together with the probiotic potential of the producing strain would provide a new promising synbiotic combination for use in aqua culture.
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Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen TT, Tran TPH, Nguyen VB, Tran TD, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Production of Sucrolytic Enzyme by Bacillus licheniformis by the Bioconversion of Pomelo Albedo as a Carbon Source. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121959. [PMID: 34199171 PMCID: PMC8231626 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing use of agro-byproducts in microbial fermentation to produce a variety of value-added products. In this study, among various kinds of agro-byproducts, pomelo albedo powder (PAP) was found to be the most effective carbon source for the production of sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme by Bacillus licheniformis TKU004. The optimal medium for sucrolytic enzyme production contained 2% PAP, 0.75% NH4NO3, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.05% NaH2PO4 and the optimal culture conditions were pH 6.7, 35 °C, 150 rpm, and 24 h. Accordingly, the highest sucrolytic activity was 1.87 U/mL, 4.79-fold higher than that from standard conditions using sucrose as the carbon source. The purified sucrolytic enzyme (sleTKU004) is a 53 kDa monomeric protein and belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 68. The optimum temperature and pH of sleTKU004 were 50 °C, and pH = 6, respectively. SleTKU004 could hydrolyze sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose by attacking the glycoside linkage between glucose and fructose molecules of the sucrose unit. The Km and Vmax of sleTKU004 were 1.16 M and 5.99 µmol/min, respectively. Finally, sleTKU004 showed strong sucrose tolerance and presented the highest hydrolytic activity at the sucrose concentration of 1.2 M–1.5 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Thi Phuong Hanh Tran
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - Trung Dung Tran
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (T.T.N.); (T.P.H.T.); (T.D.T.)
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2621-5656; Fax: +886-2-2620-9924
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WoldemariamYohannes K, Wan Z, Yu Q, Li H, Wei X, Liu Y, Wang J, Sun B. Prebiotic, Probiotic, Antimicrobial, and Functional Food Applications of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14709-14727. [PMID: 33280382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens belongs to the genus Bacillus and family Baciliaceae. It is ubiquitously found in food, plants, animals, soil, and in different environments. In this review, the application of B. amyloliquefaciens in probiotic and prebiotic microbes in fermentation, synthesis, and hydrolysis of food compounds is discussed as well as further insights into its potential application and gaps. B. amyloliquefaciens is also a potential microbe in the synthesis of bioactive compounds including peptides and exopolysaccharides. In addition, it can synthesize antimicrobial compounds (e.g., Fengycin, and Bacillomycin Lb), which makes its novelty in the food sector greater. Moreover, it imparts and improves the functional, sensory, and shelf life of the end products. The hydrolysis of complex compounds including insoluble proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, hemicellulose, and lignans also shows that B. amyloliquefaciens is a multifunctional and potential microbe which can be applied in the food industry and in functional food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalekristos WoldemariamYohannes
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhen Wan
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qinglin Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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