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Stuer N, Van Damme P, Goormachtig S, Van Dingenen J. Seeking the interspecies crosswalk for filamentous microbe effectors. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1045-1059. [PMID: 37062674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Both pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms modulate the immune response and physiology of their host to establish a suitable niche. Key players in mediating colonization outcome are microbial effector proteins that act either inside (cytoplasmic) or outside (apoplastic) the plant cells and modify the abundance or activity of host macromolecules. We compile novel insights into the much-disputed processes of effector secretion and translocation of filamentous organisms, namely fungi and oomycetes. We report how recent studies that focus on unconventional secretion and effector structure challenge the long-standing image of effectors as conventionally secreted proteins that are translocated with the aid of primary amino acid sequence motifs. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential of diverse, unbiased, state-of-the-art proteomics approaches in the holistic characterization of fungal and oomycete effectomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Stuer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Fernandes LB, D'Souza JS, Prasad TSK, Ghag SB. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, a banana wilt pathogen. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130382. [PMID: 37207907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana is a destructive widespread disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) that ravaged banana plantations globally, incurring huge economic losses. Current knowledge demonstrates the involvement of several transcription factors, effector proteins, and small RNAs in the Foc-banana interaction. However, the precise mode of communication at the interface remains elusive. Cutting-edge research has emphasized the significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in trafficking the virulent factors modulating the host physiology and defence system. EVs are ubiquitous inter- and intra-cellular communicators across kingdoms. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of Foc EVs from methods that make use of sodium acetate, polyethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, and high-speed centrifugation. Isolated EVs were microscopically visualized using Nile red staining. Further, the EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of spherical, double-membrane, vesicular structures ranging in size from 50 to 200 nm (diameter). The size was also determined using the principle based on Dynamic Light Scattering. The Foc EVs contained proteins that were separated using SDS-PAGE and ranged between 10 and 315 kDa. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of EV-specific marker proteins, toxic peptides, and effectors. The Foc EVs were found to be cytotoxic, whose toxicity increased with EVs isolated from the co-culture preparation. Taken together, a better understanding of Foc EVs and their cargo will aid in deciphering the molecular crosstalk between banana and Foc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizelle B Fernandes
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Jacinta S D'Souza
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Siddhesh B Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India.
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Li Y, Lin J, Xiao S, Feng D, Deng Y, Xuan W. Effects of sweet potato intercropping in banana orchard on soil microbial population diversity. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This study was purposely designed to understand the effects of intercropping banana and sweet potato on soil microbial community. The research question addressed was what were the differences in population number, population diversity and dominant population of soil microorganisms between interplant bananas with sweet potatoes and banana monoculture.
Methods
The Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect and analyse the population composition and structure of soil microorganisms in banana field.
Results
The results showed that from May to September, the number of soil bacterial population in intercropping sweet potato was 5.54-28.67% higher than that in monoculture, and the richness and diversity of the population were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in monoculture. The number of dominant bacterial population was less than that in monoculture, and the relative abundance of non dominant population was 10.58 - 58.81% higher than that in monoculture. The number, abundance and diversity of soil fungal populations in intercropping were higher than those in monoculture.
Conclusions
The intercropping of banana and sweet potato has a significant effect on regulating the composition structure of soil microbial population and improving the abundance and diversity of microbial population. There has a great significance to improve the micro ecological environment of banana root soil and promote the stable and sustainable development of banana industry.
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Cheng C, Liu F, Wang B, Qu P, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Tong Z, Deng G. Influences of Serendipita indica and Dictyophorae echinovolvata on the Growth and Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance of Banana. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030393. [PMID: 35336767 PMCID: PMC8945148 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary By using ‘Zhongjiao No.3’ and ‘Zhongjiao No.4’ banana seedlings as plant materials, we investigated the influences of Serendipita indica and bamboo fungus (Dictyophorae echinovolvata) culture substrates on the growth and wilt disease resistance of banana. S. indica colonization significantly enhanced the growth of the two banana cultivars, while banana seedlings grown in nutrient soil containing bamboo fungus culture substrates inoculated with D. echinovolvata showed suppressed growth. Moreover, both S. indica colonization and D. echinovolvata culture substrates addition can alleviate the disease symptoms caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4), and their combined application showed the best disease resistance enhancement effect. The results obtained in this study can provide a basis for the application of S. indica and bamboo fungus in the prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt disease in the future. Abstract Recently, many control methods have been tried and applied in the Fusarium wilt disease control of banana and have achieved definite progresses. In this study, by using ‘Zhongjiao No.3’ and ‘Zhongjiao No.4’ banana seedlings as materials, the effects of Serendipita indica and bamboo fungus (Dictyophorae echinovolvata) culture substrates on the growth and Fusarium wilt disease resistance of banana were investigated. Results showed that the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length and root thickness, aboveground part fresh weight, root fresh weight, and relative chlorophyll content and nitrogen content in leaves of banana seedlings colonized with S. indica were all greater than those of non-colonized controls, while these parameters of banana seedlings grown in nutrient soil containing D. echinovolvata culture substrates were significantly suppressed. Both S. indica non-colonized and colonized seedlings cultivated in nutrient containing 1/4 D. echinovolvata culture substrates showed much milder symptoms compared with those cultivated in normal nutrient soil, indicating that the addition of bamboo fungus substrates to the soil can enhance the Fusarium wilt resistance of banana. The results obtained in this study can provide a basis for the application of S. indica and bamboo fungus in the prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (P.Q.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.L.); (B.W.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.L.); (B.W.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.L.); (B.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Pengyan Qu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (P.Q.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.L.); (B.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (P.Q.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.L.); (B.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (P.Q.); (Y.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.D.)
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Sun Y, Huang B, Cheng P, Li C, Chen Y, Li Y, Zheng L, Xing J, Dong Z, Yu G. Endophytic Bacillus subtilis TR21 Improves Banana Plant Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Promotes Root Growth by Upregulating the Jasmonate and Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:219-231. [PMID: 34231376 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0159-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The banana (Musa spp.) industry experiences dramatic annual losses from Fusarium wilt of banana disease, which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). Pisang Awak banana 'Fenza No. 1' (Musa spp. cultivar Fenza No. 1), a major banana cultivar with high resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, is considered to be ideal for growth in problematic areas. However, 'Fenza No. 1' is still affected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 in the field. TR21 is an endophytic Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from orchids (Dendrobium sp.). Axillary spraying of banana plants with TR21 controls Fusarium wilt of banana, decreasing the growth period and increasing yields in the field. In this study, we established that TR21 increases root growth in different monocotyledonous plant species. By axillary inoculation, TR21 induced a similar transcriptomic change as that induced by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 but also upregulated the biosynthetic pathways for the phytohormones brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid in 'Fenza No. 1' root tissues, indicating that TR21 increases Fusarium wilt of banana resistance, shortens growth period, and increases yield of banana by inducing specific transcriptional reprogramming and modulating phytohormone levels. These findings will contribute to the identification of candidate genes related to plant resistance against fungi in a nonmodel system and facilitate further study and exploitation of endophytic biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhi Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunji Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Juejun Xing
- Laboratory & Equipment Management Department, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
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Dash A, Ghag SB. Genome-wide in silico characterization and stress induced expression analysis of BcL-2 associated athanogene (BAG) family in Musa spp. Sci Rep 2022; 12:625. [PMID: 35022483 PMCID: PMC8755836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process for the selective removal of damaged cells. Though understanding about plant PCD has improved over years, the mechanisms are yet to be fully deciphered. Among the several molecular players of PCD in plants, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family of co-chaperones are evolutionary conserved and regulate cell death, growth and development. In this study, we performed a genome-wide in silico analysis of the MusaBAG gene family in a globally important fruit crop banana. Thirteen MusaBAG genes were identified, out of which MusaBAG1, 7 and 8 genes were found to have multiple copies. MusaBAG genes were distributed on seven out of 11 chromosomes in banana. Except for one paralog of MusaBAG8 all the other 12 proteins have characteristic BAG domain. MusaBAG1, 2 and 4 have an additional ubiquitin-like domain whereas MusaBAG5-8 have a calmodulin binding motif. Most of the MusaBAG proteins were predicted to be localized in the nucleus and mitochondria or chloroplast. The in silico cis-regulatory element analysis suggested regulation associated with photoperiodic control, abiotic and biotic stress. The phylogenetic analysis revealed 2 major clusters. Digital gene expression analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR depicted the differential expression pattern of MusaBAG genes under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Further studies are warranted to uncover the role of each of these proteins in growth, PCD and stress responses so as to explore them as candidate genes for engineering transgenic banana plants with improved agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Dash
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Siddhesh B Ghag
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
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He Y, Zhou X, Li J, Li H, Li Y, Nie Y. In Vitro Secretome Analysis Suggests Differential Pathogenic Mechanisms between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Race 4. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 34572566 PMCID: PMC8466104 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a devastating disease that causes tremendous reductions in banana yield worldwide. Secreted proteins can act as pathogenicity factors and play important roles in the Foc-banana interactions. In this study, a shotgun-based proteomic approach was employed to characterize and compare the secretomes of Foc1 and Foc4 upon banana extract treatment, which detected 1183 Foc1 and 2450 Foc4 proteins. Comprehensive in silico analyses further identified 447 Foc1 and 433 Foc4 proteins in the classical and non-classical secretion pathways, while the remaining proteins might be secreted through currently unknown mechanisms. Further analyses showed that the secretomes of Foc1 and Foc4 are similar in their overall functional characteristics and share largely conserved repertoires of CAZymes and effectors. However, we also identified a number of potentially important pathogenicity factors that are differentially present in Foc1 and Foc4, which may contribute to their different pathogenicity against banana hosts. Furthermore, our quantitative PCR analysis revealed that genes encoding secreted pathogenicity factors differ significantly between Foc1 and Foc4 in their expression regulation in response to banana extract treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental secretome analysis that focused on the pathogenicity mechanism in different Foc races. The results of this study provide useful resources for further exploration of the complicated pathogenicity mechanisms in Foc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jieling Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (H.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanfang Nie
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of lipoxygenase gene family in banana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9948. [PMID: 33976263 PMCID: PMC8113564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOX genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, but studies on the banana LOX genes are very limited. In this study, we respectively identified 18 MaLOX, 11 MbLOX, and 12 MiLOX genes from the Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans genome data, investigated their gene structures and characterized the physicochemical properties of their encoded proteins. Banana LOXs showed a preference for using and ending with G/C and their encoded proteins can be classified into 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX and Type II 13-LOX subfamilies. The expansion of the MaLOXs might result from the combined actions of genome-wide, tandem, and segmental duplications. However, tandem and segmental duplications contribute to the expansion of MbLOXs. Transcriptome data based gene expression analysis showed that MaLOX1, 4, and 7 were highly expressed in fruit and their expression levels were significantly regulated by ethylene. And 11, 12 and 7 MaLOXs were found to be low temperature-, high temperature-, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4)-responsive, respectively. MaLOX8, 9 and 13 are responsive to all the three stresses, MaLOX4 and MaLOX12 are high temperature- and FocTR4-responsive; MaLOX6 and MaLOX17 are significantly induced by low temperature and FocTR4; and the expression of MaLOX7 and MaLOX16 are only affected by high temperature. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression levels of several MaLOXs are regulated by MeJA and FocTR4, indicating that they can increase the resistance of banana by regulating the JA pathway. Additionally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of MaLOXs revealed 3 models respectively for 5 (MaLOX7-11), 3 (MaLOX6, 13, and 17), and 1 (MaLOX12) MaLOX genes. Our findings can provide valuable information for the characterization, evolution, diversity and functionality of MaLOX, MbLOX and MiLOX genes and are helpful for understanding the roles of LOXs in banana growth and development and adaptations to different stresses.
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