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Ferrer-Orta C, Vázquez-Monteagudo S, Ferrero DS, Martínez-González B, Perales C, Domingo E, Verdaguer N. Point mutations at specific sites of the nsp12-nsp8 interface dramatically affect the RNA polymerization activity of SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317977121. [PMID: 38990941 PMCID: PMC11260105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317977121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent characterization of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variability present in 30 diagnostic samples from patients of the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, 41 amino acid substitutions were documented in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nsp12. Eight substitutions were selected in this work to determine whether they had an impact on the RdRp activity of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp12-nsp8-nsp7 replication complex. Three of these substitutions were found around the polymerase central cavity, in the template entry channel (D499G and M668V), and within the motif B (V560A), and they showed polymerization rates similar to the wild type RdRp. The remaining five mutations (P323L, L372F, L372P, V373A, and L527H) were placed near the nsp12-nsp8F contact surface; residues L372, V373, and L527 participated in a large hydrophobic cluster involving contacts between two helices in the nsp12 fingers and the long α-helix of nsp8F. The presence of any of these five amino acid substitutions resulted in important alterations in the RNA polymerization activity. Comparative primer elongation assays showed different behavior depending on the hydrophobicity of their side chains. The substitution of L by the bulkier F side chain at position 372 slightly promoted RdRp activity. However, this activity was dramatically reduced with the L372P, and L527H mutations, and to a lesser extent with V373A, all of which weaken the hydrophobic interactions within the cluster. Additional mutations, specifically designed to disrupt the nsp12-nsp8F interactions (nsp12-V330S, nsp12-V341S, and nsp8-R111A/D112A), also resulted in an impaired RdRp activity, further illustrating the importance of this contact interface in the regulation of RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferrer-Orta
- Structural and Molecular Biology Department, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Sergi Vázquez-Monteagudo
- Structural and Molecular Biology Department, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Diego S. Ferrero
- Structural and Molecular Biology Department, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Brenda Martínez-González
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28049, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Celia Perales
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28049, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Esteban Domingo
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Program, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Structural and Molecular Biology Department, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona08028, Spain
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Chinnamadhu A, Ramakrishnan J, Suresh S, Poomani K. Binding properties of selective inhibitors of P323L mutated RdRp of SARS-CoV-2: a combined molecular screening, docking and dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4283-4296. [PMID: 37301607 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2219762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2019 the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants caused COVID-19, such incidents brought the world in pandemic situation. This happened due to furious mutations in SARS-CoV-2, in which some variants had high transmissibility and infective, this led the virus emerged as virulent and worsened the COVID-19 situation. Among the variants, P323L is one of the important mutants of RdRp in SARS-CoV-2. To inhibit the erroneous function of this mutated RdRp, we have screened 943 molecules against the P323L mutated RdRp with the criteria that the molecules with 90% similar to the structure of remdesivir (control drug) resulted nine molecules. Further, these molecules were evaluated by induced fit docking (IFD) identified two molecules (M2 & M4) which are forming strong intermolecular interactions with the key residues of mutated RdRp and has high binding affinity. Docking score of the M2 and M4 molecules with mutated RdRp are -9.24 and -11.87 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, to understand the intermolecular interactions, conformational stability, the molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations were performed. The binding free energy values of M2 and M4 molecules with the P323L mutated RdRp complexes are -81.60 and -83.07 kcal/mol, respectively. The results of this in silico study confirm that M4 is a potential molecule; hence, it may be considered as the potential inhibitor of P323L mutated RdRp to treat COVID-19 after clinical investigation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chinnamadhu
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Jaganathan Ramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Suganya Suresh
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Yamamoto C, Taniguchi M, Furukawa K, Inaba T, Niiyama Y, Ide D, Mizutani S, Kuroda J, Tanino Y, Nishioka K, Watanabe Y, Takayama K, Nakaya T, Nukui Y. Nirmatrelvir Resistance in an Immunocompromised Patient with Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019. Viruses 2024; 16:718. [PMID: 38793600 PMCID: PMC11125932 DOI: 10.3390/v16050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is coming to an end, it still poses a threat to the immunocompromised and others with underlying diseases. Especially in cases of persistent COVID-19, new mutations conferring resistance to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) therapies have considerable clinical implications. We present a patient who independently acquired a T21I mutation in the 3CL protease after nirmatrelvir exposure. The T21I mutation in the 3CL protease is one of the most frequent mutations responsible for nirmatrelvir resistance. However, limited reports exist on actual cases of SARS-CoV-2 with T21I and other mutations in the 3CL protease. The patient, a 55 year-old male, had COVID-19 during chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. He was treated with nirmatrelvir early in the course of the disease but relapsed, and SARS-CoV-2 with a T21I mutation in the 3CL protease was detected in nasopharyngeal swab fluid. The patient had temporary respiratory failure but later recovered well. During treatment with remdesivir and dexamethasone, viruses with the T21I mutation in the 3CL protease showed a decreasing trend during disease progression while increasing during improvement. The impact of drug-resistant SARS-CoV-2 on the clinical course, including its severity, remains unknown. Our study is important for examining the clinical impact of nirmatrelvir resistance in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.F.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan;
| | - Keitaro Furukawa
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.F.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Toru Inaba
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.F.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yui Niiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.N.); (D.I.); (S.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Daisuke Ide
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.N.); (D.I.); (S.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.N.); (D.I.); (S.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.N.); (D.I.); (S.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Yoko Tanino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.N.); (Y.W.); (T.N.)
| | - Keisuke Nishioka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.N.); (Y.W.); (T.N.)
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.N.); (Y.W.); (T.N.)
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.N.); (Y.W.); (T.N.)
| | - Yoko Nukui
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.F.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
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4
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Abd-Elshafy DN, Nadeem R, Nasraa MH, Bahgat MM. Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 P323L/A529V mutations: coeffect in the transiently peaking lineage C.36.3 on protein structure and response to treatment in Egyptian records. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:13-24. [PMID: 38265042 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase plays a crucial role in virus replication. Monitoring the effect of its emerging mutants on viral replication and response to antiviral drugs is important. Nsp12 of two Egyptian isolates circulating in 2020 and 2021 were sequenced. Both isolates included P323L, one included the A529V. Tracking A529V mutant frequency, it relates to the transience peaked C.36.3 variant and its parent C.36, both peaked worldwide on February-August 2021, enlisted as high transmissible variants under investigation (VUI) on May 2021. Both Mutants were reported to originate from Egypt and showed an abrupt low frequency upon screening, we analyzed all 1104 nsp12 Egyptian sequences. A529V mutation was in 36 records with an abrupt low frequency on June 2021. As its possible reappearance might obligate actions for a candidate VUI, we analyzed the predicted co-effect of P323L and A529V mutations on protein stability and dynamics through protein structure simulations. Three available structures for drug-nsp12 interaction were used representing remdesivir, suramin and favipiravir drugs. Remdesivir and suramin showed an increase in structure stability and considerable change in flexibility while favipiravir showed an extreme interaction. Results predict a favored efficiency of the drugs except for favipiravir in case of the reported mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina N Abd-Elshafy
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection Research Group, The Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection Research Group, The Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Nasraa
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection Research Group, The Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Bahgat
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection Research Group, The Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Hakim MS, Gunadi, Rahayu A, Wibawa H, Eryvinka LS, Supriyati E, Vujira KA, Iskandar K, Afiahayati, Daniwijaya EW, Oktoviani FN, Annisa L, Utami FDT, Amadeus VC, Nurhidayah SS, Leksono TP, Halim FV, Arguni E, Nuryastuti T, Wibawa T. Sequence analysis of the Spike, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and protease genes reveals a distinct evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-023-02048-1. [PMID: 38244104 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 was due to the development of novel variants of concern (VOC). Thus, genomic surveillance is essential to monitor continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and to track the emergence of novel variants. In this study, we performed phylogenetic, mutation, and selection pressure analyses of the Spike, nsp12, nsp3, and nsp5 genes of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia from May 2021 to February 2022. Various bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of distinct SARS-CoV-2 isolates. During the study period, 213 and 139 isolates of Omicron and Delta variants were identified, respectively. Particularly in the Spike gene, mutations were significantly more abundant in Omicron than in Delta variants. Consistently, in all of four genes studied, the substitution rates of Omicron were higher than that of Delta variants, especially in the Spike and nsp12 genes. In addition, selective pressure analysis revealed several sites that were positively selected in particular genes, implying that these sites were functionally essential for virus evolution. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a distinct evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Saifudin Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Rahayu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Wibawa
- Disease Investigation Center Wates, Directorate General of Livestok Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laudria Stella Eryvinka
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Khanza Adzkia Vujira
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health and Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Afiahayati
- Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farida Nur Oktoviani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luthvia Annisa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadila Dyah Trie Utami
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Verrell Christopher Amadeus
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Setiani Silvy Nurhidayah
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Putri Leksono
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fiqih Vidiantoro Halim
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery and Genetics Working Group/Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eggi Arguni
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Titik Nuryastuti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Lombardo D, Musolino C, Chines V, Caminiti G, Palermo C, Cacciola I, Raffa G, Pollicino T. Assessing Genomic Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Potential Resistance to Antiviral Drugs in Viral Populations from Untreated COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38276171 PMCID: PMC10821222 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variants mutated in genomic regions targeted by antiviral drugs have not been extensively studied. This study investigated the potential of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex subunits and non-structural protein (Nsp)5 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to accumulate natural mutations that could affect the efficacy of antiviral drugs. To this aim, SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences isolated from 4155 drug-naive individuals from southern Italy were analyzed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing of the 4155 samples showed the following viral variant distribution: 71.2% Delta, 22.2% Omicron, and 6.4% Alpha. In the Nsp12 sequences, we found 84 amino acid substitutions. The most common one was P323L, detected in 3777/4155 (91%) samples, with 2906/3777 (69.9%) also showing the G671S substitution in combination. Additionally, we identified 28, 14, and 24 different amino acid substitutions in the Nsp5, Nsp7, and Nsp8 genomic regions, respectively. Of note, the V186F and A191V substitutions, affecting residues adjacent to the active site of Nsp5 (the target of the antiviral drug Paxlovid), were found in 157/4155 (3.8%) and 3/4155 (0.07%) samples, respectively. In conclusion, the RdRp complex subunits and the Nsp5 genomic region exhibit susceptibility to accumulating natural mutations. This susceptibility poses a potential risk to the efficacy of antiviral drugs, as these mutations may compromise the drug ability to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Valeria Chines
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Claudia Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Irene Cacciola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
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Wang X, Xu T, Yao Y, Cheung PPH, Gao X, Zhang L. SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Follows Asynchronous Translocation Pathway for Viral Transcription and Replication. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10119-10128. [PMID: 37922192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Translocation is one essential step for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to exert viral replication and transcription. Although cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp are available, the molecular mechanisms of dynamic translocation remain elusive. Herein, we constructed a Markov state model based on extensive molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the translocation dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. We identified two intermediates that pinpoint the rate-limiting step of translocation and characterize the asynchronous movement of the template-primer duplex. The 3'-terminal nucleotide in the primer strand lags behind due to the uneven distribution of protein-RNA interactions, while the translocation of the template strand is delayed by the hurdle residue K500. Even so, the two strands share the same "ratchet" to stabilize the polymerase in the post-translocation state, suggesting a Brownian-ratchet model. Overall, our study provides intriguing insights into SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription, which would open a new avenue for drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Tiantian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 361005, China
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Godesi S, Nada H, Lee J, Kang JH, Kim SY, Choi Y, Lee K. Integration of Hybridization Strategies in Pyridine-Urea Scaffolds for Novel Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanistic Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:4952. [PMID: 37446614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Annually, millions of new cancer cases are reported, leading to millions of deaths worldwide. Among the newly reported cases, breast and colon cancers prevail as the most frequently detected variations. To effectively counteract this rapid increase, the development of innovative therapies is crucial. Small molecules possessing pyridine and urea moieties have been reported in many of the currently available anticancer agents, especially VEGFR2 inhibitors. With this in mind, a rational design approach was employed to create hybrid small molecules combining urea and pyridine. These synthesized compounds underwent in vitro testing against breast and colon cancer cell lines, revealing potent submicromolar anticancer activity. Compound 8a, specifically, exhibited an impressive GI50 value of 0.06 μM against the MCF7 cancer cell line, while compound 8h displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against the HCT116 cell line, with a GI50 of 0.33 ± 0.042 μM. Notably, compounds 8a, 8h, and 8i demonstrated excellent safety profiles when tested on normal cells. Molecular docking, dynamic studies, and free energy calculations were employed to validate the affinity of these compounds as VEGFR2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Godesi
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Joohan Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Kang
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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9
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Identification of RdRp inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 through E-pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking and MD simulations approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124169. [PMID: 36990409 PMCID: PMC10043960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel Coronavirus, an enduring pandemic declared by WHO, has consequences to an alarming ongoing public health menace which has already claimed several million human lives. In addition to numerous vaccinations and medications for mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, lack of promising medication or therapeutic pharmaceuticals remains a serious concern to counter the ongoing coronavirus infections and to hinder its dreadful spread. Global health emergencies have called for urgency for potential drug discovery and time is the biggest constraint apart from the financial and human resources required for the high throughput drug screening. However, computational screening or in-silico approaches appeared to be an effective and faster approach to discover potential molecules without sacrificing the model animals. Accumulated shreds of evidence on computational studies against viral diseases have revealed significance of in-silico drug discovery approaches especially in the time of urgency. The central role of RdRp in SARS-CoV-2 replication makes it promising drug target to curtain on going infection and its spread. The present study aimed to employ E-pharmacophore-based virtual screening to reveal potent inhibitors of RdRp as potential leads to block the viral replication. An energy-optimised pharmacophore model was generated to screen the Enamine REAL DataBase (RDB). Then, ADME/T profiles were determined to validate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of the hit compounds. Moreover, High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS) and molecular docking (SP & XP) were employed to screen the top hits from pharmacophore-based virtual screening and ADME/T screen. The binding free energies of the top hits were calculated by conducting MM-GBSA analysis followed by MD simulations to determine the stability of molecular interactions between top hits and RdRp protein. These virtual investigations revealed six compounds having binding free energies of −57.498, −45.776, −46.248, −35.67, −25.15 and −24.90 kcal/mol respectively as calculated by the MM-GBSA method. The MD simulation studies confirmed the stability of protein ligand complexes, hence, indicating as potent RdRp inhibitors and are promising candidate drugs to be further validated and translated into clinics in future.
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10
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Mushebenge AG, Ugbaja SC, Mtambo SE, Ntombela T, Metu JI, Babayemi O, Chima JI, Appiah-Kubi P, Odugbemi AI, Ntuli ML, Khan R, Kumalo HM. Unveiling the Inhibitory Potentials of Peptidomimetic Azanitriles and Pyridyl Esters towards SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Molecular Modelling Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062641. [PMID: 36985614 PMCID: PMC10051727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19, which was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since SARS-CoV-2 main protease plays an essential role in the virus’s life cycle, the design of small drug molecules with lower molecular weight has been a promising development targeting its inhibition. Herein, we evaluated the novel peptidomimetic azatripeptide and azatetrapeptide nitriles against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. We employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the selected compounds’ binding free energy profiles against SARS-CoV-2 and further unveil the residues responsible for the drug-binding properties. Compound 8 exhibited the highest binding free energy of −49.37 ± 0.15 kcal/mol, followed by compound 7 (−39.83 ± 0.19 kcal/mol), while compound 17 showed the lowest binding free energy (−23.54 ± 0.19 kcal/mol). In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assessment was performed and revealed that only compound 17 met the drug-likeness parameters and exhibited high pharmacokinetics to inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 with better absorption potential and blood-brain barrier permeability (BBB) index. The additional intermolecular evaluations suggested compound 8 as a promising drug candidate for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The substitution of isopropane in compound 7 with an aromatic benzene ring in compound 8 significantly enhanced the drug’s ability to bind better at the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aganze G. Mushebenge
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Samuel C. Ugbaja
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sphamandla E. Mtambo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Joy I. Metu
- National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba 453106, Nigeria;
| | - Oludotun Babayemi
- Cloneshouse Nigeria, 6th Floor, Left Wing, NICON Plaza, Plot 242, Muhammadu Buhari Way, Central Business District, Abuja 900103, Nigeria;
| | - Joy I. Chima
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Patrick Appiah-Kubi
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Adeshina I. Odugbemi
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mthobisi L. Ntuli
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Rene Khan
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.G.M.); (S.E.M.); (J.I.C.); (P.A.-K.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
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11
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Padilla-Blanco M, Gucciardi F, Rubio V, Lastra A, Lorenzo T, Ballester B, González-Pastor A, Veses V, Macaluso G, Sheth CC, Pascual-Ortiz M, Maiques E, Rubio-Guerri C, Purpari G, Guercio A. A SARS-CoV-2 full genome sequence of the B.1.1 lineage sheds light on viral evolution in Sicily in late 2020. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1098965. [PMID: 36778569 PMCID: PMC9909176 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of geographic constrains to mobility on SARS-CoV-2 circulation before the advent of vaccination, we recently characterized the occurrence in Sicily of viral lineages in the second pandemic wave (September to December 2020). Our data revealed wide prevalence of the then widespread through Europe B.1.177 variant, although some viral samples could not be classified with the limited Sanger sequencing tools used. A particularly interesting sample could not be fitted to a major variant then circulating in Europe and has been subjected here to full genome sequencing in an attempt to clarify its origin, lineage and relations with the seven full genome sequences deposited for that period in Sicily, hoping to provide clues on viral evolution. The obtained genome is unique (not present in databases). It hosts 20 single-base substitutions relative to the original Wuhan-Hu-1 sequence, 8 of them synonymous and the other 12 encoding 11 amino acid substitutions, all of them already reported one by one. They include four highly prevalent substitutions, NSP12:P323L, S:D614G, and N:R203K/G204R; the much less prevalent S:G181V, ORF3a:G49V and N:R209I changes; and the very rare mutations NSP3:L761I, NSP6:S106F, NSP8:S41F and NSP14:Y447H. GISAID labeled this genome as B.1.1 lineage, a lineage that appeared early on in the pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed this lineage diagnosis. Comparison with the seven genome sequences deposited in late 2020 from Sicily revealed branching leading to B.1.177 in one branch and to Alpha in the other branch, and suggested a local origin for the S:G118V mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Padilla-Blanco
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (UCH-CEU), CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC) and Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER-ISCIII), CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Lorenzo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballester
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea González-Pastor
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Veses
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chirag C. Sheth
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Pascual-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Maiques
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain,*Correspondence: Elisa Maiques ✉
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (UCH-CEU), CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain,Consuelo Rubio-Guerri ✉
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy,Giuseppa Purpari ✉
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Mahnam K, Ghobadi Z. Finding a prospective dual-target drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease by theoretical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12621-12641. [PMID: 34514953 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1973910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spike protein of coronavirus is a key protein in binding and entrance of virus to the human cell via binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) domain of S1 subunit to peptidase domain region of ACE2 receptor. In this study, the possible effect of 24 antiviral drugs on the RBD domain of spike protein was investigated via docking and molecular dynamics simulation for finding a dual-target drug. At first, all drugs were docked to the RBD domain of spike protein, and then all complexes and free RBD domains were separately used for molecular dynamics simulation for 50 ns via amber18 software. The simulation results showed that 10 ligands from 28 ligands were separated from the RBD domain, and among 18 remained ligands, baloxavir marboxil, and danoprevir drugs, besides endonuclease activity and protease inhibitory, can bind to key residues of the RBD domain. Then these drugs have a dual target and should be more effective than current drugs, and experimental studies should be done on baloxavir marboxil and danoprevir as more potential drugs for coronavirus disease Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Mahnam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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13
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Wei D, Peslherbe GH, Selvaraj G, Wang Y. Advances in Drug Design and Development for Human Therapeutics Using Artificial Intelligence-I. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121846. [PMID: 36551273 PMCID: PMC9775020 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key player in modern healthcare, especially in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of new drugs and vaccine candidates [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics, The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.H.P.); (G.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Gilles H. Peslherbe
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.H.P.); (G.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Gurudeeban Selvaraj
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling (CERMM) & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.H.P.); (G.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (G.H.P.); (G.S.); (Y.W.)
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14
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Periwal N, Rathod SB, Sarma S, Johar GS, Jain A, Barnwal RP, Srivastava KR, Kaur B, Arora P, Sood V. Time Series Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes and Correlations among Highly Prevalent Mutations. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0121922. [PMID: 36069583 PMCID: PMC9603882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01219-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The efforts of the scientific community to tame the recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seem to have been diluted by the emergence of new viral strains. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the effect of mutations on viral evolution. We performed a time series analysis on 59,541 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from around the world to gain insights into the kinetics of the mutations arising in the viral genomes. These 59,541 genomes were grouped according to month (January 2020 to March 2021) based on the collection date. Meta-analysis of these data led us to identify significant mutations in viral genomes. Pearson correlation of these mutations led us to the identification of 16 comutations. Among these comutations, some of the individual mutations have been shown to contribute to viral replication and fitness, suggesting a possible role of other unexplored mutations in viral evolution. We observed that the mutations 241C>T in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), 3037C>T in nsp3, 14408C>T in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and 23403A>G in spike are correlated with each other and were grouped in a single cluster by hierarchical clustering. These mutations have replaced the wild-type nucleotides in SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Additionally, we employed a suite of computational tools to investigate the effects of T85I (1059C>T), P323L (14408C>T), and Q57H (25563G>T) mutations in nsp2, RdRp, and the ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. We observed that the mutations T85I and Q57H tend to be deleterious and destabilize the respective wild-type protein, whereas P323L in RdRp tends to be neutral and has a stabilizing effect. IMPORTANCE We performed a meta-analysis on SARS-CoV-2 genomes categorized by collection month and identified several significant mutations. Pearson correlation analysis of these significant mutations identified 16 comutations having absolute correlation coefficients of >0.4 and a frequency of >30% in the genomes used in this study. The correlation results were further validated by another statistical tool called hierarchical clustering, where mutations were grouped in clusters on the basis of their similarity. We identified several positive and negative correlations among comutations in SARS-CoV-2 isolates from around the world which might contribute to viral pathogenesis. The negative correlations among some of the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 identified in this study warrant further investigations. Further analysis of mutations such as T85I in nsp2 and Q57H in ORF3a protein revealed that these mutations tend to destabilize the protein relative to the wild type, whereas P323L in RdRp is neutral and has a stabilizing effect. Thus, we have identified several comutations which can be further characterized to gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Periwal
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shravan B. Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod, Gujarat, India
| | - Sankritya Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Avantika Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravi P. Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Baljeet Kaur
- Department of Computer Science, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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Veleanu A, Kelch MA, Ye C, Flohr M, Wilhelm A, Widera M, Martinez-Sobrido L, Ciesek S, Toptan T. Molecular Analyses of Clinical Isolates and Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Carrying B.1 and B.1.617.2 Spike Mutations Suggest a Potential Role of Non-Spike Mutations in Infection Kinetics. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092017. [PMID: 36146823 PMCID: PMC9506066 DOI: 10.3390/v14092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are less susceptible to neutralization with post-vaccine sera and monoclonal antibodies targeting the viral spike glycoprotein. This raises concerns of disease control, transmissibility, and severity. Numerous substitutions have been identified to increase viral fitness within the nucleocapsid and nonstructural proteins, in addition to spike mutations. Therefore, we sought to generate infectious viruses carrying only the variant-specific spike mutations in an identical backbone to evaluate the impact of spike and non-spike mutations in the virus life cycle. We used en passant mutagenesis to generate recombinant viruses carrying spike mutations of B.1 and B.1.617.2 variants using SARS-CoV-2- bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Neutralization assays using clinical sera yielded comparable results between recombinant viruses and corresponding clinical isolates. Non-spike mutations for both variants neither seemed to effect neutralization efficiencies with monoclonal antibodies nor the response to treatment with inhibitors. However, live-cell imaging and microscopy revealed differences, such as persisting syncytia and pronounced cytopathic effect formation, as well as their progression between BAC-derived viruses and clinical isolates in human lung epithelial cell lines and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Complementary RNA analyses further suggested a potential role of non-spike mutations in infection kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Veleanu
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian A. Kelch
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, USA
| | - Melanie Flohr
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Wilhelm
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60595 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tuna Toptan
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-4536
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16
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Saifi S, Ravi V, Sharma S, Swaminathan A, Chauhan NS, Pandey R. SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, Mutational diversity and clinical outcome: Are they modulating drug efficacy by altered binding strength? Genomics 2022; 114:110466. [PMID: 36041637 PMCID: PMC9419439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic continues due to emerging Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC). Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of in-house sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genome mutations dynamics in the patients infected with the VOCs - Delta and Omicron, within Recovered and Mortality patients. Statistical analysis highlighted significant mutations - T4685A, N4992N, and G5063S in RdRp; T19R in NTD spike; K444N and N532H in RBD spike, associated with Delta mortality. Mutations, T19I in NTD spike, Q493R and N440K in the RBD spike were significantly associated with Omicron mortality. We performed molecular docking for possible effect of significant mutations on the binding of Remdesivir. We found that Remdesivir showed less binding efficacy with the mutant Spike protein of both Delta and Omicron mortality compared to recovered patients. This indicates that mortality associated mutations could have a modulatory effect on drug binding which could be associated with disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Saifi
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Varsha Ravi
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sparsh Sharma
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aparna Swaminathan
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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17
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Zhou S, Yang B, Xu Y, Gu A, Peng J, Fu J. Understanding gilteritinib resistance to FLT3-F691L mutation through an integrated computational strategy. J Mol Model 2022; 28:247. [PMID: 35932378 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) serves as an important drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and gene mutations of FLT3 have been closely associated with AML patients with an incidence rate of ~ 30%. However, the mechanism of the clinically relevant F691L gatekeeper mutation conferred resistance to the drug gilteritinib remained poorly understood. In this study, multiple microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, end-point free energy calculations, and dynamic correlated and network analyses were performed to investigate the molecular basis of gilteritinib resistance to the FLT3-F691L mutation. The simulations revealed that the resistant mutation largely induced the conformational changes of the activation loop (A-loop), the phosphate-binding loop, and the helix αC of the FLT3 protein. The binding abilities of the gilteritinib to the wild-type and the F691L mutant were different through the binding free energy prediction. The simulation results further indicated that the driving force to determine the binding affinity of gilteritinib was derived from the differences in the energy terms of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, the per-residue free energy decomposition suggested that the four residues (Phe803, Gly831, Leu832, and Ala833) located at the A-loop of FLT3 had a significant impact on the binding affinity of gilteritinib to the F691L mutant. This study may provide useful information for the design of novel FLT3 inhibitors specially targeting the F691L gatekeeper mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Ugbaja SC, Mtambo SE, Mushebenge AG, Appiah-Kubi P, Abubakar BH, Ntuli ML, Kumalo HM. Structural Investigations and Binding Mechanisms of Oseltamivir Drug Resistance Conferred by the E119V Mutation in Influenza H7N9 Virus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144376. [PMID: 35889251 PMCID: PMC9317591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of vaccinations and antiviral medications have gained popularity in the therapeutic management of avian influenza H7N9 virus lately. Antiviral medicines are more popular due to being readily available. The presence of the neuraminidase protein in the avian influenza H7N9 virus and its critical role in the cleavage of sialic acid have made it a target drug in the development of influenza virus drugs. Generally, the neuraminidase proteins have common conserved amino acid residues and any mutation that occurs around or within these conserved residues affects the susceptibility and replicability of the influenza H7N9 virus. Herein, we investigated the interatomic and intermolecular dynamic impacts of the experimentally reported E119V mutation on the oseltamivir resistance of the influenza H7N9 virus. We extensively employed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and subsequent post-MD analyses to investigate the binding mechanisms of oseltamivir-neuraminidase wildtype and E119V mutant complexes. The results revealed that the oseltamivir-wildtype complex was more thermodynamically stable than the oseltamivir-E119V mutant complex. Oseltamivir exhibited a greater binding affinity for wildtype (−15.46 ± 0.23 kcal/mol) relative to the E119V mutant (−11.72 ± 0.21 kcal/mol). The decrease in binding affinity (−3.74 kcal/mol) was consistent with RMSD, RMSF, SASA, PCA, and hydrogen bonding profiles, confirming that the E119V mutation conferred lower conformational stability and weaker protein–ligand interactions. The findings of this oseltamivir-E119V mutation may further assist in the design of compounds to overcome E119V mutation in the treatment of influenza H7N9 virus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Ugbaja
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sphamandla E. Mtambo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Aganze G. Mushebenge
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Patrick Appiah-Kubi
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Bahijjahtu H. Abubakar
- Renewable Energy Programme, Federal Ministry of Environment, 444 Aguiyi Ironsi Way, Maitama, Abuja 900271, Nigeria;
| | - Mthobisi L. Ntuli
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
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19
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Yavarian J, Nejati A, Salimi V, Shafiei Jandaghi NZ, Sadeghi K, Abedi A, Sharifi Zarchi A, Gouya MM, Mokhtari-Azad T. Whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV2 strains circulating in Iran during five waves of pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267847. [PMID: 35499994 PMCID: PMC9060343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV2 is important to find useful information about the viral lineages, variants of interests and variants of concern. As there are not enough data about the circulating SARS-CoV2 variants in Iran, we sequenced 54 SARS-CoV2 genomes during the 5 waves of pandemic in Iran. METHODS After viral RNA extraction from clinical samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, next generation sequencing was performed using the Nextseq platform. The sequencing data were analyzed and compared with reference sequences. RESULTS During the 1st wave, V and L clades were detected. The second wave was recognized by G, GH and GR clades. Circulating clades during the 3rd wave were GH and GR. In the fourth wave GRY (alpha variant), GK (delta variant) and one GH clade (beta variant) were detected. All viruses in the fifth wave were in clade GK (delta variant). There were different mutations in all parts of the genomes but Spike-D614G, NSP12-P323L, N-R203K and N-G204R were the most frequent mutants in these studied viruses. CONCLUSIONS These findings display the significance of SARS-CoV2 monitoring to help on time detection of possible variants for pandemic control and vaccination plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kaveh Sadeghi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Abedi
- Mathematics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi Zarchi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Lim HGM, Hsiao SH, Fann YC, Lee YCG. Robust Mutation Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Multiple Raw Illumina Sequencing Data with Cloud Workflow. Genes (Basel) 2022. [PMID: 35456492 DOI: 10.3390/genes1304068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several variants of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging all over the world. Variant surveillance from genome sequencing has become crucial to determine if mutations in these variants are rendering the virus more infectious, potent, or resistant to existing vaccines and therapeutics. Meanwhile, analyzing many raw sequencing data repeatedly with currently available code-based bioinformatics tools is tremendously challenging to be implemented in this unprecedented pandemic time due to the fact of limited experts and computational resources. Therefore, in order to hasten variant surveillance efforts, we developed an installation-free cloud workflow for robust mutation profiling of SARS-CoV-2 variants from multiple Illumina sequencing data. Herein, 55 raw sequencing data representing four early SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) from an open-access database were used to test our workflow performance. As a result, our workflow could automatically identify mutated sites of the variants along with reliable annotation of the protein-coding genes at cost-effective and timely manner for all by harnessing parallel cloud computing in one execution under resource-limitation settings. In addition, our workflow can also generate a consensus genome sequence which can be shared with others in public data repositories to support global variant surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrick Gao-Min Lim
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yang C Fann
- IT and Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuan-Chii Gladys Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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21
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Lim HGM, Hsiao SH, Fann YC, Lee YCG. Robust Mutation Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Multiple Raw Illumina Sequencing Data with Cloud Workflow. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040686. [PMID: 35456492 PMCID: PMC9028989 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several variants of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging all over the world. Variant surveillance from genome sequencing has become crucial to determine if mutations in these variants are rendering the virus more infectious, potent, or resistant to existing vaccines and therapeutics. Meanwhile, analyzing many raw sequencing data repeatedly with currently available code-based bioinformatics tools is tremendously challenging to be implemented in this unprecedented pandemic time due to the fact of limited experts and computational resources. Therefore, in order to hasten variant surveillance efforts, we developed an installation-free cloud workflow for robust mutation profiling of SARS-CoV-2 variants from multiple Illumina sequencing data. Herein, 55 raw sequencing data representing four early SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) from an open-access database were used to test our workflow performance. As a result, our workflow could automatically identify mutated sites of the variants along with reliable annotation of the protein-coding genes at cost-effective and timely manner for all by harnessing parallel cloud computing in one execution under resource-limitation settings. In addition, our workflow can also generate a consensus genome sequence which can be shared with others in public data repositories to support global variant surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrick Gao-Min Lim
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yang C. Fann
- IT and Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Yuan-Chii Gladys Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Mtambo SE, Ugbaja SC, Kumalo HM. Impact of the R292K Mutation on Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Resistance towards Peramivir: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:1645. [PMID: 35268746 PMCID: PMC8912059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2013, a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China. By March 2021, it had infected more than 1500 people, raising concerns regarding its epidemic potential. Similar to the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, the H7N9 virus causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in most patients. Moreover, genetic analysis showed that this avian H7N9 virus carries human adaptation markers in the hemagglutinin and polymerase basic 2 (PB2) genes associated with cross-species transmissibility. Clinical studies showed that a single mutation, neuraminidase (NA) R292K (N2 numbering), induces resistance to peramivir in the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A viruses. Therefore, to evaluate the risk for human public health and understand the possible source of drug resistance, we assessed the impact of the NA-R292K mutation on avian H7N9 virus resistance towards peramivir using various molecular dynamics approaches. We observed that the single point mutation led to a distorted peramivir orientation in the enzyme active site which, in turn, perturbed the inhibitor's binding. The R292K mutation induced a decrease in the interaction among neighboring amino acid residues when compared to its wild-type counterpart, as shown by the high degree of fluctuations in the radius of gyration. MM/GBSA calculations revealed that the mutation caused a decrease in the drug binding affinity by 17.28 kcal/mol when compared to the that for the wild-type enzyme. The mutation caused a distortion of hydrogen bond-mediated interactions with peramivir and increased the accessibility of water molecules around the K292 mutated residue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (S.C.U.)
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23
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Karthic A, Kesarwani V, Singh RK, Yadav PK, Chaturvedi N, Chauhan P, Yadav BS, Kushwaha SK. Computational Analysis Reveals Monomethylated Triazolopyrimidine as a Novel Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp). Molecules 2022; 27:801. [PMID: 35164069 PMCID: PMC8840377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human population is still facing appalling conditions due to several outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The absence of specific drugs, appropriate vaccines for mutants, and knowledge of potential therapeutic agents makes this situation more difficult. Several 1, 2, 4-triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine (TP)-derivative compounds were comprehensively studied for antiviral activities against RNA polymerase of HIV, HCV, and influenza viruses, and showed immense pharmacological interest. Therefore, TP-derivative compounds can be repurposed against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to ensure the genomic variability and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp protein. The molecular docking of natural and synthetic TP compounds to RdRp and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to analyse the dynamic behaviour of TP compounds at the active site of the RdRp protein. TP compounds were also docked against other non-structural proteins (NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP5, NSP8, NSP13, and NSP15) of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the inhibition potential of TP compounds was compared with Remdesivir and Favipiravir drugs as a positive control. Additionally, TP compounds were analysed for inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV RdRp protein. This study demonstrates that TP analogues (monomethylated triazolopyrimidine and essramycin) represent potential lead molecules for designing an effective inhibitor to control viral replication. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies will strengthen the use of these inhibitors as suitable drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandakrishnan Karthic
- Bioinformatics, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India; (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Navi Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Veerbhan Kesarwani
- Bioinformatics, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India; (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Hap Biosolutions, Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal 462042, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Cyano Biotech Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, India;
| | - Pavan Kumar Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, India;
| | - Navaneet Chaturvedi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | | | - Brijesh Singh Yadav
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Sandeep Kumar Kushwaha
- Bioinformatics, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India; (A.K.); (V.K.)
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24
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Hemachudha P, Petcharat S, Ampoot W, Ponpinit T, Paitoonpong L, Hemachudha T. Genetic variations from successive whole genome sequencing during COVID-19 treatment in five individuals. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 45:100950. [PMID: 35035981 PMCID: PMC8750952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report multiple single nucleotide polymorphism taken at different time interval during treatment of COVID-19. Gene sequencing showed mutation within ORF1b at position P314L. Mutation at this point has been shown to impose structural remodelling that increases the affinity for remdesivir binding and may also affect binding affinity for favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasin Hemachudha
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn
| | - Sininat Petcharat
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weenassarin Ampoot
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerada Ponpinit
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Leilani Paitoonpong
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Centre, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thiravat Hemachudha
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn
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