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Zhang Y, Ye S, Zhang Y, Sun H, Zhao X, Shen X, Wu L. Potential salivary and serum biomarkers for burning mouth syndrome and their relationship with anxiety/depression. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1052-1060. [PMID: 38618099 PMCID: PMC11010615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The pathophysiology of burning mouth syndrome (BMS), although considered a multifactorial etiology including psychological factors, is still not well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential usage of salivary and serum biomarkers, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in diagnosing BMS and their correlations with anxiety/depression. Materials and methods 45 BMS patients and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The patients were divided into BMS with anxiety/depression group and BMS without anxiety/depression group according to the scores of the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Additionally, concentrations of BDNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in saliva and those in serum among the patients and healthy volunteers were assessed by multiplex assay using Luminex 200TM system and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results Among all the serum biomarkers, only BDNF showed a statistically significant decrease in the patients than the healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). Regarding saliva biomarkers, BDNF, IL-1β, and IL-8 all exhibited a statistically significant increase in all the BMS patients versus the healthy volunteers (P < 0.05) but only BDNF was significantly different between patients with anxiety/depression and healthy individuals when considering anxiety/depression. Among BMS patients with anxiety/depression, saliva TNF-α had positive associations with other biomarkers including BDNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The increased concentration of saliva BDNF holds strong potential for diagnosing BMS and the elevated level of saliva TNF-α is crucial in identifying BMS patients with anxiety/depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai Ye
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangqing Zhang
- No.2 High School of East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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He M, Huoshen W, Li X, Sun C. Salivary and serum biomarkers to evaluate psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:182-192. [PMID: 38438274 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome mainly characterized by an intensive burning sensation of tongue. Previous studies have suggested that saliva/serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome might be associated with psychological disorders. The aim of systematic review was to observe whether the biomarkers in serum/saliva could be an alternative method to evaluate the psychological disorders in patients with burning mouth syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers published up to March 15, 2023. Risk of bias was measured by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RevMan was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 467 articles were screened, which of 12 studies were included. These studies collected 43 different biomarkers in saliva and 35 in serum. Of these biomarkers, only three (cortisol, α-amylase, and IL-6) were analyzed in two or more studies. Only salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls (Mean Difference = 1.39; 95% CI [0.80-1.97]; p < 0.001). Moreover, cortisol might be relevant to psychological scores, especially anxiety. CONCLUSION Different papers have investigated salivary and serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome patients with controversial results. This meta-analysis showed that cortisol levels in saliva may be a potential biomarker to assess the psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuda Huoshen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Heiliczer S, Yanko R, Sharav Y, Aframian DJ, Klutstein M, Wilensky A, Haviv Y. Oxidative stress-mediated proapoptosis signaling: A novel theory on the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of burning mouth syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:258-267. [PMID: 37966403 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain disorder characterized by a generalized burning sensation in the oral mucosa without apparent medical or dental causes. Despite various hypotheses proposed to explain BMS pathogenesis, a clear understanding of the cellular-level events and associated histologic and molecular findings is lacking. Advancing our understanding of BMS pathogenesis could facilitate the development of more targeted therapeutic interventions. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted an extensive literature search and review of cellular mechanisms, focusing on evidence-based data that support a comprehensive hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis. The authors explored novel and detailed mechanisms that may account for the characteristic features of BMS. RESULTS The authors proposed that BMS symptoms arise from the uncontrolled activation of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels expressed in intraoral mucosal nerve fibers. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species or dysfunctional antiapoptosis pathways may lead to uncontrolled oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling, resulting in upregulation of transmembrane transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and P2X 3 calcium channels in nociceptive fibers. Activation of these channels can cause nerve terminal depolarization, leading to generation of action potentials that are centrally interpreted as pain. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors present a novel hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis, highlighting the role of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling in the development of BMS symptoms. Understanding these underlying mechanisms could provide new insights into the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for BMS. Additional research is warranted to validate this hypothesis and explore potential avenues for effective management of BMS.
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Gramacy A, Villa A. Topical gabapentin solution for the management of burning mouth syndrome: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295559. [PMID: 38096135 PMCID: PMC10721041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical gabapentin solution (250 mg/mL) for the management of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). STUDY DESIGN A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients diagnosed with BMS and managed with gabapentin 250 mg/mL solution (swish and spit) between January 2021 and October 2022. Patient-reported outcomes included changes in burning score ranked on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and reported adverse drug reactions (ADR). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess differences in the oral burning score ranked on a NRS (0-10) between the baseline visit and the second visit. RESULTS A total of 19 patients (68.4% females) with BMS were included and evaluated for follow-up at a median of 86 days (range: 29-195). Overall, patients reported a median 2-point burning decrease on a 0-10 NRS between the baseline visit and the second visit (p < 0.01). ADRs were reported by 3 patients (15.8%). CONCLUSION Although this was a small retrospective study, BMS management with topical gabapentin (250 mg/mL) appears to be effective and well-tolerated. Future randomized prospective studies are needed to verify these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gramacy
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and Dentistry, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Misery L, Schut C, Balieva F, Bobko S, Reich A, Sampogna F, Altunay I, Dalgard F, Gieler U, Kupfer J, Lvov A, Poot F, Szepietowski JC, Tomas-Aragones L, Vulink N, Zalewska-Janowska A, Bewley A. White paper on psychodermatology in Europe: A position paper from the EADV Psychodermatology Task Force and the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2419-2427. [PMID: 37615377 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychodermatology is a subspecialty of dermatology that is of increasing interest to dermatologists and patients. The case for the provision of at least regional psychodermatology services across Europe is robust. Psychodermatology services have been shown to have better, quicker and more cost-efficient clinical outcomes for patients with psychodermatological conditions. Despite this, psychodermatology services are not uniformly available across Europe. In fact many countries have yet to establish dedicated psychodermatology services. In other countries psychodermatology services are in development. Even in countries where psychodermatolgy units have been established, the services are not available across the whole country. This is especially true for the provision of paediatric psychodermatology services. Also whilst most states across Europe are keen to develop psychodermatology services, the rate at which this development is being implemented is very slow. Our paper maps the current provision of psychodermatology services across Europe and indicates that there is still very much more work to be done in order to develop the comprehensive psychodermatology services across Europe, which are so crucial for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | - Christina Schut
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Flora Balieva
- Department of Dermatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Svetlana Bobko
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Francesca Sampogna
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilknur Altunay
- Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Insatnbul, Turkey
| | - Florence Dalgard
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Kupfer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrey Lvov
- Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Françoise Poot
- ULB-Erasme Hospital Department Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
- IFTS, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Nienke Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Zalewska-Janowska
- Psychodermatology Department, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Anthony Bewley
- Barts Health NHS Trust & Queen Mary University, London, UK
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Orliaguet M, Brenaut E, Ficheux A, Boisramé S, Misery L. Psychogenic and neurogenic components in patients with psychogenic or neuropathic pruritus: PRURINEURO: A non-interventional single-centre prospective assay. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e267. [PMID: 38047259 PMCID: PMC10690707 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The causes of pruritus are multiple and commonly classified into six different categories: dermatological, systemic, neuropathic, psychogenic, mixed and idiopathic. In clinical practice, psychogenic and neurogenic mechanisms tend to be separated in the etiological diagnosis of neuropathic or psychogenic disorders; nevertheless, studies investigating the respective psychogenic and neurogenic components are lacking. Objective The main objective of this work was to highlight the differences and potential common characteristics between psychogenic pruritus and neuropathic pruritus. Methods This study was a noninterventional single-centre prospective assay. Patients with neuropathic (NP) or psychogenic (PP) pruritus were proposed to participate. The psychogenic and neurogenic components of pruritus in these patients were evaluated using six validated questionnaires or criteria, namely, the diagnosis criteria of psychogenic pruritus, the NP5 questionnaire, the Brest Pruritus Qualitative Assessment Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and DN4i. Results Twenty-five patients with NP and 15 with PP were included. A difference between the two groups was observed for NP5, with mean scores of 2.8 ± 0.9 and 1.4 ± 1 for the NP and PP groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). For depression, the average score was 3.5 ± 3.9 for the NP group and 7.5 ± 5.1 for the PP group (p < 0.02). Conclusion While neuropathic and psychogenic disorders are different diagnoses, neuropathic and psychogenic components may exist simultaneously in patients with NP or PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Orliaguet
- LIENUniversity BrestBrestFrance
- Departments of Oral SurgeryBrest University HospitalBrestFrance
| | - Emilie Brenaut
- LIENUniversity BrestBrestFrance
- Departments of DermatologyBrest University HospitalBrestFrance
| | - Anne‐Sophie Ficheux
- LIENUniversity BrestBrestFrance
- Departments of DermatologyBrest University HospitalBrestFrance
| | - Sylvie Boisramé
- Departments of Oral SurgeryBrest University HospitalBrestFrance
| | - Laurent Misery
- LIENUniversity BrestBrestFrance
- Departments of DermatologyBrest University HospitalBrestFrance
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Zhao H, Ran S, Gan K, Du Y, Li W. Pain sensitivity and quality of life of patients with burning mouth syndrome: a preliminary study in a Chinese population. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:951. [PMID: 38041054 PMCID: PMC10693025 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an oral-facial pain disorder involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, but the evidence for altered pain sensitivity remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate pain sensitivity and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with BMS and to assess the relationship between them. METHODS Fifty Chinese patients with BMS (57.82 ± 11.2 years) and fifty age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (55.64 ± 10.1 years) participated in the study. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess participants' pain sensitivity. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate participants' OHRQoL. RESULTS The PSQ total score (p = 0.009), the PSQ minor score (p = 0.003) and the OHIP-14 score (p<0.05) of patients with BMS were significantly higher than those of the healthy subjects. Simple linear regression showed that the PSQ minor score was significantly associated with the OHIP-14 score in patients with BMS (β = 0.338, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Patients with BMS have higher pain sensitivity than healthy subjects. Reducing pain sensitivity might help to improve the quality of life of patients with BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China.
| | - Shujun Ran
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Gan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
| | - Yajing Du
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
| | - Wenlu Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
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Parlatescu I, Dugan C, Popescu BO, Tovaru S, Dobre M, Milanesi E. Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2085. [PMID: 38138188 PMCID: PMC10744480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Although an association between oral disorders and NCDs has been suggested, the relationship between Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and NCDs and their associated risk factors has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we aim to identify associations between BMS and NCDs in the Romanian population. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine BMS patients and 88 age-matched controls (aged 50 and over) were clinically evaluated for the presence of eight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their most common risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. Results: The results of our study showed that the BMS in the Romanian population seems to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p < 0.001) and two of their risk factors, hypertension (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the individuals not affected by CVDs (73 CTRL and 38 BMS), we found that 13.2% of BMS patients reported a moderate risk of developing CVDs in ten years, compared to the controls, all of whom presented a low risk (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary clinical approach, which also includes a cardiovascular evaluation, is essential for the successful management of BMS. Moreover, these data highlighted the importance of introducing an integrated strategy for the prevention and care of NCDs in BMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanina Parlatescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Cosmin Dugan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Tovaru
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Porporatti AL, Schroder ÂGD, Lebel A, Moreau N, Misery L, Alajbeg I, Braud A, Boucher Y. Is burning mouth syndrome associated with stress? A meta-analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1279-1315. [PMID: 37332081 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as comorbid psychosocial and psychiatric disorders, and as well, pointed at stress as a major risk factor. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the following question: 'Is there an association between BMS and stress, compared to healthy controls?' METHODS Two reviewers searched for the effect of stress in BMS and published on five main databases and three from the grey literature. Various questionnaires and biomarkers were analysed. Of the 2489 selected articles, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Studies englobed questionnaires, such as Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory, Holmes-Rahe scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Recent Experience Test; and various biomarkers, such as cortisol, opiorphin, IgA, α-amylase and interleukins. RESULTS In all studies with questionnaires, stress was significantly increased in the BMS group vs. control. Patients with BMS presented 25.73% higher cortisol levels, 28.17% higher IgA levels and 40.62% higher α-amylase levels than controls. Meta-analysis found that BMS subjects presented 3.01 nmoL/L [0.53; 5.50] higher cortisol levels, 84.35 kU/L [15.00; 153.71] higher α-amylase levels, 29.25 mg/mL [9.86; 48.64] higher IgA levels and 258.59 pg/mL [59.24; 457.94] higher IL-8 levels than control. No differences were found for opiorphin concentration in ng/mL [-0.96; 2.53]. For interleukins, no differences were founded for IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Based on the available evidence, this meta-analysis suggests more stress factors in questionnaire-based studies, and higher levels of cortisol, α-amylase, IgA and IL-8 biomarkers in BMS subjects than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Porporatti
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale (EA 7543), Université Paris Cité, France and GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Ashley Lebel
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale, Université Paris Cité, France and GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Moreau
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale (EA 7543), Université Paris Cité and Hôpital Bretonneau (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Adeline Braud
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale (EA 7543), Université Paris Cité, France and GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Boucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Oro-Faciale (EA 7543), Université Paris Cité, France and GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Lu C, Yang C, Li X, Du G, Zhou X, Luo W, Du Q, Tang G. Effects of low-level laser therapy on burning pain and quality of life in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:734. [PMID: 37814265 PMCID: PMC10561515 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic pain disorder that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) uses infrared or near-infrared light to produce analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and biological stimulation effects. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of LLLT on burning pain, quality of life, and negative emotions in patients with BMS. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up January 2023 to identify relevant articles. All randomized controlled trials that were published in English and examined the use of LLLT treatment for BMS were included. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate burning pain, quality of life, and negative emotions. Sensitivity, subgroup, and funnel plot analyses were also carried out. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs involving a total of 550 patients with BMS met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that LLLT (measured by the Visual Analog Scale; SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.29 to -0.45, P < 0.001) was more effective for reducing burning pain than placebo LLLT or clonazepam. LLLT improved quality of life (evaluated by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14; SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.58 to 0.60, P = 0.97) and negative emotions (evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SMD: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.54 to 0.30, P = 0.59), but these effects were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis revealed that LLLT may be an effective therapy for improving burning pain in patients with BMS, and producing a positive influence on quality of life and negative emotions. A long-term course of intervention, a larger sample size, and a multidisciplinary intervention design are urgently needed in future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022308770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Lu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chenglong Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qing Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Dibello V, Ballini A, Lozupone M, Custodero C, Cantore S, Sardone R, Dibello A, Santarcangelo F, Barulli Kofler B, Petruzzi M, Daniele A, Solfrizzi V, Panza F. Exploring the Association of Burning Mouth Syndrome with Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1014. [PMID: 37374003 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic condition mainly affecting middle-aged and older individuals with hormonal disturbances or psychiatric disorders and is characterized by chronic pain. The etiopathogenesis of this multifactorial syndrome is largely unknown. The objective of the present systematic review was therefore to evaluate the relationship of BMS with depressive and anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older individuals. METHODS We selected studies evaluating BMS and depressive and anxiety disorders assessed with validated tools, published from their inception up to April 2023, using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, and Google Scholar databases and adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines/PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023409595). The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Toolkits for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies were used to examine the risk of bias. RESULTS Two independent investigators rated 4322 records against the primary endpoint and found 7 records meeting the eligibility requirements. Anxiety disorders were found to be the most common psychiatric disorders related to BMS (63.7%), followed by depressive disorders (36.3%). We found a moderate association of BMS with anxiety disorders, with multiple studies included (n = 7). Moreover, we found a low association of BMS with depressive disorders (included studies, n = 4). The role of pain appeared to be controversial in explaining these associations. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and older subjects, anxiety and depressive disorders may be potentially related to the development of BMS. Furthermore, also in these age groups, females showed higher risk of developing BMS than males, even when taking into account multimorbidity such as sleep disorders, personality traits, and biopsychosocial changes as suggested by study-specific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Dibello
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of D-BRAIN, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Custodero
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Independent Researcher, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Dibello
- Stella Maris Nursing Home and Day Care Center, Monopoli, 70043 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Bianca Barulli Kofler
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Unit of Research Methodology and Data Sciences for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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12
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Bułdyś K, Górnicki T, Kałka D, Szuster E, Biernikiewicz M, Markuszewski L, Sobieszczańska M. What Do We Know about Nociplastic Pain? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1794. [PMID: 37372912 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociplastic pain is a recently distinguished type of pain, distinct from neuropathic and nociceptive pain, and is well described in the literature. It is often mistaken for central sensitization. Pathophysiology has not been clearly established with regard to alteration of the concentration of spinal fluid elements, the structure of the white and gray matter of the brain, and psychological aspects. Many different diagnostic tools, i.e., the painDETECT and Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaires, have been developed to diagnose neuropathic pain, but they can also be applied for nociplastic pain; however, more standardized instruments are still needed in order to assess its occurrence and clinical presentation. Numerous studies have shown that nociplastic pain is present in many different diseases such as fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome type 1, and irritable bowel syndrome. Current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for nociceptive and neuropathic pain are not entirely suitable for treating nociplastic pain. There is an ongoing effort to establish the most efficient way to manage it. The significance of this field has led to several clinical trials being carried out in a short time. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss the currently available evidence on pathophysiology, associated diseases, treatment possibilities, and clinical trials. It is important that physicians widely discuss and acknowledge this relatively new concept in order to provide optimized pain control for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Bułdyś
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Tomasz Górnicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kałka
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- Men's Health Centre in Wrocław, 53-151 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szuster
- Cardiosexology Students Club, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland
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13
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Dugan C, Popescu BO, Țovaru S, Părlătescu I, Musat IA, Dobre M, Ribigan AC, Milanesi E. Neuropsychological assessment of Romanian burning mouth syndrome patients: stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and verbal fluency impairments. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1176147. [PMID: 37255508 PMCID: PMC10225505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by a burning sensation in the oral mucosa, lasting more than 2 hours daily for more than 3 months, without clinical and/or laboratory evidence. BMS is often comorbid with mood, and psychiatric disorders, and a complex pathophysiology and interaction between impairments in nociceptive processing and psychologic function is occurring. In this work, we aimed to define the neuropsychological profile specific for BMS patients for a better management of this complex disease. We conducted a case-control study comparing 120 BMS patients and 110 non-BMS individuals (CTRL). Sociodemographic data and lifestyle habits, were collected, along with data regarding quality of life (SF-36 scale), stress (PSS), depression and anxiety (MADRS and HADS scales), sleep quality (PSQI scale), and cognitive functions (MoCA, SVF and PVF tests). The statistical analysis revealed a lower general quality of life (p < 0.001), worse sleep quality (p < 0.001) in BMS patients than CTRL. The BMS patients also displayed a higher prevalence of mild depressive symptoms than CTRL applying the MADRS (p < 0.001) and HADS-Depression scales (p = 0.001), whereas no differences in anxiety symptoms were found between the two groups (p = 0.174). Moreover, reduced scores semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests (p < 0.05) were found, but no change in cognition was observed through MoCA (p = 0.551). Our results highlight that synergy between dentistry and neuropsychiatric assessment is essential for a successful management of BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Dugan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Neurosciences, Geriatrics and Gerontology Departments, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Țovaru
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioanina Părlătescu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Andreea Musat
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Athena Cristina Ribigan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Fang M, Huang Y, Li C, Liu J, Ya Z, Mei G, Tao R, Jiang L. The over-expression of miRNA-206 in peripheral blood of patients with burning mouth syndrome and its relationship with anxiety and depression. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:324-331. [PMID: 36577694 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterised by persisting burning pain of the oral mucosa, and its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to detect the expression of miRNA-206 in the blood and clarify the relationship among miRNA-206, pain, anxiety and depression of BMS patients. METHODS Thirty patients with BMS and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Data on medical history and clinical oral examination for all participants were collected. Simultaneously, scores of Visual Analogous Scale (VAS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administered. The expression level of miRNA-206 in plasma were determined by RT-(q)PCR. Finally, the relationship of miRNA-206 expression with the VAS score, SAS score, and SDS score was analysed. Chi-square test and t-test were used for statistical analysis of the data, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The majority of the patients with BMS identified the tongue as the main pain area, and showed dry mouth and poor sleep quality. The SAS and SDS scores of patients with BMS were higher than those of healthy controls (p < .05) and were positively correlated with VAS pain score. In addition, miRNA-206 expression was higher in patients with BMS than in healthy individuals (p < .05), and was positively correlated with the VAS and SDS scores (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with BMS suffer from pain and tend to be more anxious and depressed than healthy controls. miRNA-206 expression in the peripheral blood of patients with BMS is positively correlated with pain and depression, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifei Fang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuke Ya
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guocheng Mei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Nanning, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction for Oral and Maxillofacial Research, Nanning, China
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15
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Zubiate Illarramendi I, Martinez-Sahuquillo A, Monsalve Iglesias F, Sanchez Lopez JD. Innovative histological and histochemical characterization of tongue biopsies from patients with burning mouth syndrome. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:191-198. [PMID: 36201658 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present pilot study aims to perform an innovative histological and histochemical characterization of samples from patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) to correlate these findings with the clinical scenario. METHODS To carry out this objective, the study samples were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin stain and later, an histochemical study was carried out to determine the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) using the stains of Alcian Blue, Picrosirius, Reticulin from Gomori and Verhoeff. RESULTS The results of this study revealed histological patterns compatible with cellular hypertrophy in different layers of the epithelium as well as a greater keratinization in BMS cases. On the other hand, a lower amount of proteoglycans and a greater amount of collagen fibers were observed compared to the control. In addition, older patients had fewer reticular fibers and younger patients had fewer elastic fibers compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study shows the existence of a correlation between the histological patterns, age and symptoms of patients with BMS. Therefore, it is necessary to develop synergistic studies in order to assess and implement new classification systems that could improve the therapeutic approach of patients with BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Martinez-Sahuquillo
- Oral and Maxilofacial Surgeon in Formation, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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16
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Moreau C, El Habnouni C, Lecron JC, Morel F, Delwail A, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Le Garrec R, Misery L, Piver E, Vaillant L, Lefevre A, Emond P, Blasco H, Samimi M. Salivary metabolome indicates a shift in tyrosine metabolism in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a prospective case-control study. Pain 2023; 164:e144-e156. [PMID: 35916738 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remains controversial. Targeted analyses or "omics" approach of saliva provide diagnostic or pathophysiological biomarkers. This pilot study's primary objective was to explore the pathophysiology of BMS through a comparative analysis of the salivary metabolome among 26 BMS female cases and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Secondary objectives included comparative analyses of inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammatory markers, and steroid hormones among cases and control subjects, and among BMS patients according to their clinical characteristics. Salivary metabolome, neuroinflammatory markers, cytokines, and steroids were, respectively, analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, ELISA and protease activity assay, and multiparametric Luminex method. Among the 166 detected metabolites, univariate analysis did not find any discriminant metabolite between groups. Supervised multivariate analysis divided patients into 2 groups with an accuracy of 60% but did not allow significant discrimination (permutation test, P = 0.35). Among the metabolites contributing to the model, 3 belonging to the tyrosine pathway ( l -dopa, l -tyrosine, and tyramine) were involved in the discrimination between cases and control subjects, and among BMS patients according to their levels of pain. Among the detectable molecules, levels of cytokines, steroid hormones, and neuroinflammatory markers did not differ between cases and control subjects and were not associated with characteristics of BMS patients. These results do not support the involvement of steroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, or inflammatory neurogenic mediators in the pathophysiology of pain in BMS, whereas the observed shift in tyrosine metabolism may indicate an adaptative response to chronic pain or an impaired dopaminergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moreau
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Chakib El Habnouni
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratory Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University and Immunology/inflammation Laboratory, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratory Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University and Immunology/inflammation Laboratory, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Adriana Delwail
- ImageUP, Plate-forme d'Imagerie and Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires ERL CNRS 7003/EA 7349, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Raphaele Le Garrec
- Univ Brest, LIEN (Laboratoire Interactions Epithelium Neurones), Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN (Laboratoire Interactions Epithelium Neurones), Brest, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- Inserm UMR 1259-Morphogenèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites (MAVIVH)
| | - Loïc Vaillant
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Department of In Vitro Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- BIP, 1282 INRA University of Tours, Tours, France
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17
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Leuci S, Coppola N, Adamo D, Crocetto F, Barone B, Baldares S, Canfora F, Mignogna MD. Sexual desire, mood disorders and sleep disturbances in female BMS patients: A controlled study. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:276-282. [PMID: 36152003 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic orofacial pain with intraoral burning and other oral dysaesthetic symptoms that significantly affects the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sexual desire in women with BMS and to investigate the possible related factors. METHODS A case-control study was performed. BMS patients were enrolled according to the International Classification of OroFacial Pain criteria. Demographic variables were collected. We evaluated pain with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Total Pain Rating Index (T-PRI), anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A e HADS-D), sleep disturbances with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and sexual desire using Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI). RESULTS A total of 50 BMS women and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared with the controls, the BMS patients showed higher scores in the NRS (7,81 ± 1,71 vs. 0,14 ± 0.40; p < 0.0001), TPR-I (10,50 ± 4,86 vs. 0,36 ± 1,06; p < 0.0001), HADS-A (11,86 ± 2,85 vs. 3,90 ± 2,81; p < 0.0001), HADS-D (8,04 ± 3,18 vs. 1,42 ± 1,86; p < 0.0001) and PSQI (9,04 ± 2,62 vs. 4,64 ± 3,27; p < 0.0001). The mean SDI in the study group was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (32,36 ± 14,45 vs. 69,70 ± 19,94; p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between SDI and others items explored. CONCLUSION In line with previous studies, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances are more common in BMS patients than in healthy population. This pilot study demonstrates for the first time an association between BMS and low sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Urology and Andrology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Urology and Andrology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Baldares
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Canfora
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Oral Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Hamon B, Orliaguet M, Misery L, Boisramé S. Burning mouth syndrome and pelvodynia: A literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32648. [PMID: 36701734 PMCID: PMC9857247 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and pelvodynia are chronic pain still poorly understood and the links between them are all the more so. Health professionals therefore have few resources to understand, diagnose and treat these pains. They may consider and treat these ailments individually, which does not represent optimal care management for the patient and leads to overmedication. This article aims to highlight their contiguity from epidemiological, etiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives. This study was based on articles which were found using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. No exclusion criteria were used. Fourteen studies were reviewed. This present work shows that the clinical presentations of these syndromes are similar, as exemplified by their strong association with anxiety and depression. The neurophysiological mechanisms involved in these conditions are similar to those in patients. The diagnosis is essentially based on visual examination and an elimination of all other possible causes. In addition, this work promotes the fact that a common therapy can be implemented when BMS and pelvodynia co-occur. However, the literature on the subject is still very limited. This can be deepened by exploring all the effective treatments in BMS and vulvodynia for penoscrotodynia. Finally, for all these pains, there is a therapeutic order to respect starting with a psychological approach, then topical treatments, systemic therapy and surgical. This therapeutic gradient assists practitioner in their patient's pain management. This article also allows health care providers to quickly find an effective systemic treatment for a patient with both BMS and pelvodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérenger Hamon
- UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
- * Correspondence: B. Hamon, UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest 29200, France (e-mail: )
| | - Marie Orliaguet
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
- * Correspondence: B. Hamon, UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest 29200, France (e-mail: )
| | - Laurent Misery
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
- * Correspondence: B. Hamon, UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest 29200, France (e-mail: )
| | - Sylvie Boisramé
- UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
- * Correspondence: B. Hamon, UFR d’Odontologie, University of Western Brittany, Brest 29200, France (e-mail: )
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Seeman MV. Use of metaphors when treating unexplained medical symptoms. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:332-341. [PMID: 36686355 PMCID: PMC9850979 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The words one chooses to describe personal pain mirror current usage, but may also hold echoes of an individual’s lived experience. They may provide clues to the origin of physical symptoms that are medically hard to explain. The aim of this commentary is to propose, on the basis of the available literature, that verbal metaphors can prove effective in the psychotherapy of such conditions. I provide a case history of a 45 year old woman referred to psychiatry because of extreme ‘burning’ pain in her mouth and tongue. She had been to numerous doctors, had undergone a variety of tests, had tried many medical treatments, and had been prescribed a number of different pharmaceutical agents. She had changed her diet, done her daily dental mouth exercises, drunk a lot of water, but the burning continued and interfered, with her job (she was a teacher), her friendships, and her everyday life. This made her angry and recalcitrant to therapy, but the metaphor ‘burning with rage,’ as applicable to her pain, worked to establish a good alliance that led to a decrease of symptoms. Burning Mouth Syndrome is a medically unexplained condition of complex etiology that psychotherapy alone cannot reverse. The literature bears out, however, that the use of metaphors can help to open avenues of psychological exploration that accelerate adaptation to pain and improve quality life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A1, Ontario, Canada
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Dugan C, Parlatescu I, Dobre M, Pîrvu RE, Milanesi E. Insights on brain functions in burning mouth syndrome. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:975126. [PMID: 36118600 PMCID: PMC9478342 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.975126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Dugan
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioanina Parlatescu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Ioanina Parlatescu
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Ema Pîrvu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Meine Zunge brennt! – Glossodynie/orofaziales Schmerzsyndrom. DIE DERMATOLOGIE 2022; 73:701-707. [PMID: 35997968 PMCID: PMC9396595 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Die Glossodynie, die besser als orofaziales Schmerzsyndrom oder Burning-Mouth-Syndrom bezeichnet wird, stellt eine therapeutische Crux dar, da eine eindeutige Ätiopathogenese bisher nicht bekannt ist. Neuere Studien weisen auf einen Zusammenhang mit neuropathischen Veränderungen hin, außerdem sind Hinweise auf Komorbiditäten mit Depression, Angst und Karzinophobie evident. Diese sind zum Teil auch Folge der Erkrankung und nicht unbedingt als ursächlich anzusehen. Da eine vielfältige Differenzialdiagnostik durch klinische Untersuchungen ausgeschlossen werden sollte, ist die Glossodynie eine diagnostische Herausforderung. In Betracht kommen neben Lichen planus, Leukoplakien, Pemphigus vulgaris und Aphthen auch internistische Erkrankungen wie Diabetes oder Anämien oder Vitaminmangel und hormonelle Einflüsse bei den überwiegend älteren und überwiegend weiblichen Patienten. Metaanalysen über durchgeführte Therapiestudien zeigen einen niedrigen Evidenzgrad der vorhandenen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (RCTs). Nach der Literatur werden v. a. Psychotherapie und Antidepressiva zur Behandlung vorgeschlagen. Alpha-Liponsäure als Nahrungsergänzung zeigt eine kurzfristige Besserung, und auch Low-Level-Lasertherapie scheint gewisse Effekte hervorzubringen.
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22
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Varoni EM, Rimondini L. Oral Microbiome, Oral Health and Systemic Health: A Multidirectional Link. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010186. [PMID: 35052865 PMCID: PMC8774214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Beldiletto 1, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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