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Khol M, Ma F, Lei L, Liu W, Liu X. A Frontier Review of Nutraceutical Chinese Yam. Foods 2024; 13:1426. [PMID: 38790726 PMCID: PMC11119861 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yams are the edible subterranean rhizomes, or tubers, of plants from the genus Dioscorea. There are approximately 600 species of yam plants in the world, with more than 90 of these growing in East Asia. One particular species, Dioscorea opposita Thunb., is highly praised as "the Chinese yam". This distinction arises from millennia of storied history, both as a nutritional food source and as a principal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. Among the many cultivars of Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Huai Shanyao has been widely regarded as the best. This review surveyed the historical background, physiochemical composition, applications as food and medicine, and research prospects for the Chinese yam. Modern science is finally beginning to confirm the remarkable health benefits of this yam plant, long-known to the Chinese people. Chinese yam promises anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, and combination treatment applications, both as a functional food and as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Khol
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fanyi Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Cai F, Wang C. Comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of alkamides (2016-2022). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114006. [PMID: 38309452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkamides refer to a class of natural active small-molecule products composed of fatty acids and amine groups. These compounds are widely distributed in plants, and their unique structures and various pharmacological activities have caught the attention of scholars. This review provides a collection of literatures related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of alkamides published in 2016-2022 and their summary to provide references for further development of this class of ingredients. A total of 234 components (including chiral isomers) were summarized, pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, analgesic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial, and miscellaneous properties of alkamides were discussed. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of alkamides were reviewed. However, information on the pharmacological mechanisms of the action, drug safety, and pharmacokinetics of alkamides is limited and thus requires further investigation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Liu J, Wang H, Shao H, Sun J, Dong C, Chen R, Kang J. Isolation and characterization of dihydrohomoisoflavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114071. [PMID: 38552709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Eight pairs of dihydrohomoisoflavonoids (1-8), including four pairs of enantiomeric aglycones [(R,S)-portulacanones B (1) and C (2) and (R,S)-oleracones C (3) and Q (4)] and four pairs of epimeric glycosides [portulacasides A-D and epiportulacasides A-D (5-8)], were obtained from Portulaca oleracea L. Among them, (R,S)-oleracone Q (4) and four pairs of epimeric glycosides (5-8) were reported for the first time. The 50% EtOH fraction from the 70% EtOH extract prevented HepG2 human liver cancer cell damage induced by N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), and the cell survival rate was 62.3%. Portulacaside B (6a), which was isolated from the 50% EtOH fraction, exhibited hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. The compound increased the survival rate of APAP-damaged HepG2 human liver cancer cells from 40.0% to 51.2% and reduced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, resulting in an inhibitory rate of 46.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongjie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chaoxuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, 613 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Ruoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Onocha PA, Okpala EO, Ali MS, Rahman N, Zafar H, Oloyede GK, Nwozo SO, Lateef M. Partial syntheses of aromatic amides: their anti-urease potential and docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37787574 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The aromatic amide: N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine (1) was isolated for the first time from the stem bark of Celtis zenkeri (Ulmaceae). Its four new derivatives (1a-d) and previously reported diacetylated product (1e) have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically followed by their in vitro screening for anti-urease potential. The diacetylated product (1e) was found to be the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 19.5 ± 0.23 μM compared to thiourea used as standard (21.5 ± 0.47 μM). Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted revealing striking interactions of the active compounds with catalytically important residues such as His593, Ala636 and Asp633. Subsequently, the prime MM-GBSA calculations provided the ligand binding and strain energies. The molecular dynamic simulations validated the docked and post-docked complexes where compounds 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e remained stable throughout the simulation. This study provides insight into the N-p-trans-coumaroyltyramine derivatives (1b-e) that can block the substrate entry, thereby inhibiting the urease's catalytic activity. Hence, these hit compounds can proceed for further pre-clinical studies for drug discovery against urease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akpomedaye Onocha
- Natural Products/Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Noor Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ganiyat Kehinde Oloyede
- Natural Products/Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Oyenibe Nwozo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Lab. Bahria University, Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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El-Elimat T, Al-Qiam R, Burdette JE, Al Sharie AH, Al-Gharaibeh M, Oberlies NH. Homoisoflavonoids from the bulbs of Bellevalia longipes and an assessment of their potential cytotoxic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113343. [PMID: 35963294 PMCID: PMC9795560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed homoisoflavonoids were identified from the bulbs of Bellevalia longipes Post (Asparagaceae) as well as thirteen known and one natural homoisoflavonoid that had been reported as a synthetic product previously. A general approach for recognizing homoisoflavonoids via NMR spectroscopy data were presented. The undescribed compounds were: 8-dehydroxy-5-O-demethyl-6-hydroxyscillapersicone, 6-methoxyscillapersicone, 5-O-demethyl-6-methoxyscillapersicone, 8-O-methylscillapersicone, 4'-O-methylscillapersicone, 4',8-O,O-dimethylscillapersicone, 3'-O-methylscillapersicone, and 3-hydroxy-desmethylophiopogonanone A. Structures were determined based on analysis of HRMS and NMR data, while absolute configurations were assigned using ECD spectroscopy. Human cancer cell lines were used to assess the cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds, where 3-dehydroxy-3'-hydroxyeucomol showed IC50 values of 0.62 μM, 5.36 μM, and 2.52 μM, when tested against MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and OVCAR3 (ovarian) cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Reema Al-Qiam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ahmed H Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
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The Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tulbaghia, Allium, Crinum and Cyrtanthus: ‘Talented’ Taxa from the Amaryllidaceae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144475. [PMID: 35889346 PMCID: PMC9316996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaryllidaceae is a significant source of bioactive phytochemicals with a strong propensity to develop new drugs. The genera Allium, Tulbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum biosynthesize novel alkaloids and other phytochemicals with traditional and pharmacological uses. Amaryllidaceae biomolecules exhibit multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Traditionally, natural products from Amaryllidaceae are utilized to treat non-communicable and infectious human diseases. Galanthamine, a drug from this family, is clinically relevant in treating the neurocognitive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, which underscores the importance of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Although Amaryllidaceae provide a plethora of biologically active compounds, there is tardiness in their development into clinically pliable medicines. Other genera, including Cyrtanthus and Tulbaghia, have received little attention as potential sources of promising drug candidates. Given the reciprocal relationship of the increasing burden of human diseases and limited availability of medicinal therapies, more rapid drug discovery and development are desirable. To expedite clinically relevant drug development, we present here evidence on bioactive compounds from the genera Allium, Tulgbaghia, Cyrtanthus and Crinum and describe their traditional and pharmacological applications.
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Kharnaior P, Tamang JP. Metagenomic-Metabolomic Mining of Kinema, a Naturally Fermented Soybean Food of the Eastern Himalayas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868383. [PMID: 35572705 PMCID: PMC9106393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinema is a popular sticky fermented soybean food of the Eastern Himalayan regions of North East India, east Nepal, and south Bhutan. We hypothesized that some dominant bacteria in kinema may contribute to the formation of targeted and non-targeted metabolites for health benefits; hence, we studied the microbiome-metabolite mining of kinema. A total of 1,394,094,912 bp with an average of 464,698,304 ± 120,720,392 bp was generated from kinema metagenome, which resulted in the identification of 47 phyla, 331 families, 709 genera, and 1,560 species. Bacteria (97.78%) were the most abundant domain with the remaining domains of viruses, eukaryote, and archaea. Firmicutes (93.36%) was the most abundant phylum with 280 species of Bacillus, among which Bacillus subtilis was the most dominant species in kinema followed by B. glycinifermentans, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. thermoamylovorans, B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. paralicheniformis, and Brevibacillus borstelensis. Predictive metabolic pathways revealed the abundance of genes associated with metabolism (60.66%), resulting in 216 sub-pathways. A total of 361 metabolites were identified by metabolomic analysis (liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, LC-MS). The presence of metabolites, such as chrysin, swainsonine, and 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (anticancer activity) and benzimidazole (antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities), and compounds with immunomodulatory effects in kinema supports its therapeutic potential. The correlation between the abundant species of Bacillus and primary and secondary metabolites was constructed with a bivariate result. This study proves that Bacillus spp. contribute to the formation of many targeted and untargeted metabolites in kinema for health-promoting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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