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Feng DH, Cui JL. Progress on metabolites of Astragalus medicinal plants and a new factor affecting their formation: Biotransformation of endophytic fungi. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400249. [PMID: 38838334 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
It is generally believed that the main influencing factors of plant metabolism are genetic and environmental factors. However, the transformation and catalysis of metabolic intermediates by endophytic fungi have become a new factor and resource attracting attention in recent years. There are over 2000 precious plant species in the Astragalus genus. In the past decade, at least 303 high-value metabolites have been isolated from the Astragalus medicinal plants, including 124 saponins, 150 flavonoids, two alkaloids, six sterols, and over 20 other types of compounds. These medicinal plants contain abundant endophytic fungi with unique functions, and nearly 600 endophytic fungi with known identity have been detected, but only about 35 strains belonging to 13 genera have been isolated. Among them, at least four strains affiliated to Penicillium roseopurpureum, Alternaria eureka, Neosartorya hiratsukae, and Camarosporium laburnicola have demonstrated the ability to biotransform four saponin compounds from the Astragalus genus, resulting in the production of 66 new compounds, which have significantly enhanced our understanding of the formation of metabolites in plants of the Astragalus genus. They provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivation quality of Astragalus plants through the modification of dominant fungal endophytes or reshaping the endophytic fungal community. Additionally, they open up new avenues for the discovery of specialized, green, efficient, and sustainable biotransformation pathways for complex pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hui Feng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Lai J, Chen Z, Wan Q, Shi X, Zhou H, Li J, Yang Z, Wu J. Exploring therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms for treating diabetes mellitus-associated heart failure with Qishen Yiqi dropping pills: A network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39104. [PMID: 39093800 PMCID: PMC11296435 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure frequently coexist, presenting significant public health challenges. QiShenYiQi Dropping Pills (QSDP) are widely employed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus concomitant with heart failure (DM-HF). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying their efficacy have yet to be elucidated. Active ingredients and likely targets of QSDP were retrieved from the TCMSP and UniProt databases. Genes associated with DM-HF were pinpointed through searches in the GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET, and TTD databases. Differential genes connected to DM-HF were sourced from the GEO database. Enrichment analyses via gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, as well as immune infiltration assessments, were conducted using R software. Further analysis involved employing molecular docking strategies to explore the interactions between the identified targets and active substances in QSDP that are pertinent to DM-HF treatment. This investigation effectively discerned 108 active compounds and 257 targets relevant to QSDP. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, highlighting 6 central targets for DM-HF treatment via QSDP. Gene ontology enrichment analysis predominantly linked these targets with responses to hypoxia, metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine receptor interactions. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways demonstrated that these targets mainly participate in pathways linked to diabetic complications, such as AGE-RAGE signaling, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. Further, immune infiltration analysis implied that QSDP's mechanism in treating DM-HF might involve immune-mediated inflammation and crucial signaling pathways. Additionally, molecular docking studies showed that the active substances in QSDP have strong binding affinities with these identified targets. This research presents a new model for addressing DM-HF through the use of QSDP, providing novel insights into incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principles in the clinical treatment of DM-HF. The implications of these findings are substantial for both clinical application and further scientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Ma
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Junyu Lai
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianlin Shi
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zurong Yang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianguang Wu
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Joshua Ashaolu T, Joshua Olatunji O, Can Karaca A, Lee CC, Mahdi Jafari S. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic bioactive peptides: A comprehensive review of their sources, properties, and techno-functional challenges. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114427. [PMID: 38763677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The scourge of obesity arising from obesogens and poor dieting still ravages our planet as half of the global population may be overweight and obese by 2035. This metabolic disorder is intertwined with type 2 diabetes (T2D), both of which warrant alternative therapeutic options other than clinically approved drugs like orlistat with their tendency of abuse and side effects. In this review, we comprehensively describe the global obesity problem and its connection to T2D. Obesity, overconsumption of fats, the mechanism of fat digestion, obesogenic gut microbiota, inhibition of fat digestion, and natural anti-obesity compounds are discussed. Similar discussions are made for diabetes with regard to glucose regulation, the diabetic gut microbiota, and insulinotropic compounds. The sources and production of anti-obesity bioactive peptides (AOBPs) and anti-diabetic bioactive peptides (ADBPs) are also described while explaining their structure-function relationships, gastrointestinal behaviors, and action mechanisms. Finally, the techno-functional applications of AOBPs and ADBPs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Asli Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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Dong N, Jiang B, Chang Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Integrated Omics Approach: Revealing the Mechanism of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa Protein Extract Replacing Fetal Bovine Serum for Fish Muscle Cell Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6064-6076. [PMID: 38465450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of producing cell-cultured meat involves utilizing a significant amount of culture medium, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), which represents a considerable portion of production expense while also raising environmental and safety concerns. This study demonstrated that supplementation with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein extract (APE) under low-serum conditions substantially increased Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cell proliferation and heightened the expression of Myf5 compared to the absence of APE. An integrated intracellular metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed a total of 13 and 67 differentially expressed metabolites and proteins, respectively, after supplementation with APE in the medium containing 5%FBS, modulating specific metabolism and signaling pathways, which explained the application of APE for passage cell culture under low-serum conditions. Further analysis revealed that the bioactive factors in the APE were protein components. Moreover, CAM cells cultured in reconstructed serum-free media containing APE, l-ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and ethanolamine exhibited significantly accelerated growth in a scale-up culture. These findings suggest a promising alternative to FBS for fish muscle cell culture that can help reduce production costs and environmental impact in the production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Bingxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus Alleviating Acquired Hyperlipidemia Induced by High-Fat Diet through Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050954. [PMID: 35267929 PMCID: PMC8912611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a food and medicinal homologous plant. The current research is aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of AM in treating acquired hyperlipidemia. The network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis results showed 481 AM-related targets and 474 acquired hyperlipidemia-associated targets, and 101 candidate targets were obtained through the intersection, mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications and p53 signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, calycosin, formononetin and isorhamnetin were determined as the candidate active components of AM in the treatment of acquired hyperlipidemia. Moreover, key targets of AM, namely, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), were screened out, which were closely related to adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The subsequent animal experiments showed that AM extract treatment improved the lipid profiles of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by reducing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis and lipid β-oxidation, which were associated with the downregulating of AKT1 and CCND1, and the upregulating of VEGFA and ESR1 in liver and adipose tissue. Overall, AM alleviated acquired hyperlipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism, and AKT1, VEGFA, CCND1 and ESR1 might be the key targets.
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Qingre Yiqi Method along with Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in Treating Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4395228. [PMID: 34552649 PMCID: PMC8452389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4395228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the Qingre Yiqi method in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with meta-analysis. Method The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the Qingre Yiqi method in the treatment of T2DM in the PubMed, Medline, EMBase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Weipu Journal, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), and Wanfang database were conducted. Three reviewers independently conducted the screening, extracted the data, and assessed methodological quality. Data analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software for statistical analysis. Results A total of 15 RCTs, including 1440 patients, were included. The results showed that compared with oral hypoglycemic drugs alone, the add-on treatment of the Qingre Yiqi method could significantly improve Chinese medicine syndrome (OR (95%CI) = 3.66 [2.47,5.42], P < 0.00001) and lower the level of HbA1c (MD (95%CI) = −0.68 [0.91, −0.45], P < 0.00001), triglyceride (TG) (MD (95%CI) = −0.38 [−0.58,-0.17], P=0.0004), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD (95%CI) = −0.25 [−0.37, −0.13], P < 0.0001), and total cholesterol(TC) (MD(95%CI) = −0.40[−0.67, −0.13], P=0.003). In terms of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood sugar (PBG), subgroup analysis showed that the baseline of FBG and the number of combined oral hypoglycemic drugs of PBG were the major sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Compared with the standard treatment, the Qingre Yiqi method along with oral hypoglycemic drugs showed the more beneficial effects for T2DM on improving TCM syndromes and reducing the blood glucose and partial lipid parameter.
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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In Vitro Studies to Assess the α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Insulin Secretion Effect of Isorhamnetin 3-O-Glucoside and Quercetin 3-O-Glucoside Isolated from Salicornia herbacea. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of ethanolic extract of Salicornia herbacea (ESH), isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (I3G), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3G), quercetin, and isorhamnetin on α-glucosidase activity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in insulin-secreting rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells. A portion of the ethyl acetate fraction of ESH was chromatographed on a silica gel by a gradient elution with chloroform and methanol to provide Q3G and I3G. ESH, Q3G, and quercetin inhibited α-glucosidase activity, and quercetin (IC50 value was 29.47 ± 3.36 μM) inhibited the activity more effectively than Q3G. We further demonstrated that ESH, Q3G, quercetin, I3G, and isorhamnetin promote GSIS in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells without inducing cytotoxicity. Among them, I3G was the most effective in enhancing GSIS. I3G enhanced the phosphorylation of total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), which are associated with insulin secretion and β-cell function. As components of ESH, Q3G has the potential to regulate blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, and I3G enhances the insulin secretion, but its bioavailability should be considered in determining biological importance.
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Lee D, Qi Y, Kim R, Song J, Kim H, Kim HY, Jang DS, Kang KS. Methyl Caffeate Isolated from the Flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Enhances Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020279. [PMID: 33672801 PMCID: PMC7917615 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from natural products are considered effective enhancers of insulin secretion to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch also contain many phenolic compounds. In this study, the extract of flowers of P. persica (PRPE) exhibited an insulin secretion effect in a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay, which led us to isolate and identify the bioactive compound(s) responsible for these effects. Compounds isolated from PRPE were screened for their efficacy in INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cells. Among them, caffeic acid (5), methyl caffeate (6), ferulic acid (7), chlorogenic acid (8), naringenin (11), nicotiflorin (12), and astragalin (13) isolated from PRPE increased GSIS without inducing cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the GSIS effect of methyl caffeate (6) as a phenolic compound was similar to gliclazide, an antidiabetic sulfonylurea drug. Western blot assay showed that methyl caffeate (6) enhanced the related signaling proteins of the activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), but also the phosphorylation of the total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, which influence β-cell function and insulin secretion. This study provides evidence that methyl caffeate (6) isolated from PRPE may aid in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Yutong Qi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
| | - Ranhee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
| | - Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Q.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
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Su HF, Shaker S, Kuang Y, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix). Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1999-2038. [PMID: 33464616 DOI: 10.1002/med.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Novel Natural-based Biomolecules Discovery for Tackling Chronic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121674. [PMID: 33333911 PMCID: PMC7765416 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, natural-derived/-based biomolecules have continuously played an important role in novel drug discovery (as a prototype drug template) for potential chronic disease treatment [...]
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Ahmed QU, Ali AHM, Mukhtar S, Alsharif MA, Parveen H, Sabere ASM, Nawi MSM, Khatib A, Siddiqui MJ, Umar A, Alhassan AM. Medicinal Potential of Isoflavonoids: Polyphenols That May Cure Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235491. [PMID: 33255206 PMCID: PMC7727648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Abdul Hasib Mohd Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sayeed Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: (Q.U.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Humaira Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (H.P.)
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Sufian Mohd. Nawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jamshed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia; (A.H.M.A); (A.S.M.S.); (M.S.M.N.); (A.K.); (M.J.S.)
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrashid Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P M B: 2436 Sokoto, Nigeria; (A.U.); (A.M.A.)
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13
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Semwal DK, Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB. Protective and therapeutic effects of natural products against diabetes mellitus via regenerating pancreatic β-cells and restoring their dysfunction. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1218-1229. [PMID: 32987447 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern and an increasing interest has been raised to search for new compounds with therapeutic effects on β-cells. There are chronic insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass in the case of type-2 diabetes which covers about 90% of total diabetic patients. This work aims to critically review the protective and regenerative effects of various antidiabetic natural products on pancreatic β-cells. A thorough literature survey was conducted on the natural molecules and extracts having a protective, regenerative, and repairing effect on β-cells. The primary source of the literature was online scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Besides, selected relevant textbooks were also consulted. Various natural molecules including berberine, curcumin, mangiferin, stevioside and capsaicin, and extracts obtained from the plants like Capsicum annum, Gymnema sylvestre, Stevia rebaudiana and Nymphaea stellate, were found to produce regenerative and anti-apoptosis effects on β-cells. These natural products were also found to increase insulin secretion by stimulating β-cells. The present review concluded that a large number of molecules and extracts, abundantly found in nature, possess antidiabetic effect via targeting β-cells. Further research is warranted to use these agents as a drug against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, India
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Do MH, Lee JH, Ahn J, Hong MJ, Kim J, Kim SY. Isosamidin from Peucedanum japonicum Roots Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Glucotoxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Suppression of ROS-Mediated Bax/Bcl-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060531. [PMID: 32560521 PMCID: PMC7346203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite of glucose. Elevated levels of MGO induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death in endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cell damage by ROS has been implicated in the progression of diabetic vascular complications, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. In this study, the protective effect of isosamidin, isolated from Peucedanum japonicum roots, on MGO-induced apoptosis was investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the 20 compounds isolated from P. japonicum, isosamidin showed the highest effectiveness in inhibiting MGO-induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Pretreatment of HUVECs with isosamidin significantly prevented the generation of ROS and cell death induced by MGO. Isosamidin prevented MGO-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by downregulating the expression of Bax and upregulating the expression of Bcl-2. MGO treatment activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In contrast, pretreatment with isosamidin strongly inhibited the activation of p38 and JNK. Furthermore, isosamidin caused the breakdown of the crosslinks of the MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These findings suggest that isosamidin from P. japonicum may be used as a preventive agent against MGO-mediated endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. However, further study of the therapeutic potential of isosamidin on endothelial dysfunction needs to explored in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.A.); (M.J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Min Jee Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.A.); (M.J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.A.); (M.J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University; #191, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-820-4931; Fax: +82-32-820-4829
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15
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In Silico Studies on Triterpenoid Saponins Permeation through the Blood-Brain Barrier Combined with Postmortem Research on the Brain Tissues of Mice Affected by Astragaloside IV Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072534. [PMID: 32260588 PMCID: PMC7177733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates is constantly growing, there is a strong need for precise a priori prediction of whether an administered compound is able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to cross the BBB of triterpenoid saponins occurring in Astragalus mongholicus roots. The research was carried out using in silico methods combined with postmortem studies on the brain tissues of mice treated with isolated astragaloside IV (AIV). Firstly, to estimate the ability to cross the BBB by the tested saponins, new quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were established. The reliability and predictability of the model based on the values of the blood–brain barrier penetration descriptor (logBB), the difference between the n-octanol/water and cyclohexane/water logP (ΔlogP), the logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient (logPow), and the excess molar refraction (E) were both confirmed using the applicability domain (AD). The critical leverage value h* was found to be 0.128. The relationships between the standardized residuals and the leverages were investigated here. The application of an in vitro acetylcholinesterase-inhibition test showed that AIV can be recognized as the strongest inhibitor among the tested compounds. Therefore, it was isolated for the postmortem studies on brain tissues and blood using semi-preparative HPLC with the mobile phase composed of water, methanol, and ethyl acetate (1.7:2.1:16.2 v/v/v). The results of the postmortem studies on the brain tissues show a regular dependence of the final concentration of AIV in the analyzed brain samples of animals treated with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg b.w. of AIV (0.00012299 and 0.0002306 mg, respectively, per one brain). Moreover, the AIV logBB value was experimentally determined and found to be equal to 0.49 ± 0.03.
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