1
|
Maida CD, Norrito RL, Rizzica S, Mazzola M, Scarantino ER, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathogenesis of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes: Background and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6297. [PMID: 38928006 PMCID: PMC11203482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the neurological diseases most responsible for death and permanent disability in the world. Different factors, such as thrombus, emboli and atherosclerosis, take part in the intricate pathophysiology of stroke. Comprehending the molecular processes involved in this mechanism is crucial to developing new, specific and efficient treatments. Some common mechanisms are excitotoxicity and calcium overload, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical in pathophysiology and recovery after cerebral ischemia. ncRNAs, particularly microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for angiogenesis and neuroprotection, and they have been suggested to be therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic tools in cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke. This review summarizes the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and delves into the function of miRNAs in the development of brain damage. Furthermore, we will analyze new perspectives on treatment based on molecular mechanisms in addition to traditional stroke therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine Ph.D. Programme, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Salvatore Rizzica
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Marco Mazzola
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisa Rita Scarantino
- Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.L.N.); (M.M.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kongsui R, Jittiwat J. In vivo protective effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia involve preservation of antioxidant defenses and activation of anti‑apoptotic pathways. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:85. [PMID: 38665422 PMCID: PMC11040226 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an important medical problem in developing countries, characterized by a sudden disruption of blood supply to the brain, either through occlusion or hemorrhage. It is a major cause of neurological impairment, resulting in high medical costs. The present study examined the effect of 6-gingerol on morphological changes, antioxidant defenses, and the anti-apoptotic factors p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitofusin (Mfn)2, in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. A total of 60 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups: Control, right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle, Rt.MCAO + piracetam, and Rt.MCAO + 6-Gin 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW groups. The results indicated that 6-gingerol treatment for a duration of 7 days reverses morphological alterations, enhances catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, reduces Bax, caspase-3 and MAPK expression, and increases Bcl-xL and Mfn2 expression in the cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, 6-gingerol demonstrated significant in vivo effectiveness in mitigating pathological changes induced by cerebral ischemia. This beneficial effect is attributed, at least in part, to preservation of antioxidant defenses and activation of anti-apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu LH, Cheng YW, Lin FL, Hsu KC, Wang MH, Yen JL, Wang TJ, Lin TE, Liu YC, Huang WJ, Hsiao G. A novel HDAC8 inhibitor H7E exerts retinoprotective effects against glaucomatous injury via ameliorating aberrant Müller glia activation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116538. [PMID: 38579401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is considered a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive visual field defects that may lead to blindness. Although controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) is the mainstay of glaucoma treatment, some glaucoma patients have unmet needs due to unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, there has been growing evidence that neuroinflammation is a potential target for the development of novel antiglaucoma agents. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and cellular mechanisms of H7E, a novel small molecule inhibits HDAC8, using in vitro and in vivo glaucoma-like models. Importantly, H7E mitigated extracellular MMP-9 activity and MCP-1 levels in glutamate- or S100B-stimulated reactive Müller glia. In addition, H7E inhibited the upregulation of inflammation- and proliferation-related signaling pathways, particularly the ERK and JNK MAPK pathways. Under conditions of oxidative damage, H7E prevents retinal cell death and reduces extracellular glutamate released from stressed Müller glia. In a mouse model of NMDA-induced retinal degeneration, H7E alleviated functional and structural defects within the inner retina as assessed by electroretinography and optical coherence tomography. Our results demonstrated that the newly identified compound H7E protects against glaucoma damage by specifically targeting HDAC8 activity in the retina. This protective effect is attributed to the inhibition of Müller glial activation and the prevention of retinal cell death caused by oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Huan Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 301 Yuantong Rd., New Taipei 235, Taiwan.
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Independent Scholar, 3466 Rhodes Hill Drive, Martinez, GA 30907, USA.
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 301 Yuantong Rd., New Taipei 235, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - George Hsiao
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mann V, Sundaresan A, Shishodia S. Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38666853 PMCID: PMC11048223 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (V.M.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lochhead JJ, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. The role of oxidative stress in blood-brain barrier disruption during ischemic stroke: Antioxidants in clinical trials. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116186. [PMID: 38561092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Occlusion and reperfusion of cerebral blood vessels (i.e., ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to brain cell death and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via oxidative stress. BBB disruption influences the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by contributing to cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and extravasation of circulating neurotoxic proteins. An improved understanding of mechanisms for ROS-associated alterations in BBB function during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to improved treatment paradigms for ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, progress in developing ROS targeted therapeutics that are effective for stroke treatment has been slow. Here, we review how ROS are produced in response to I/R injury, their effects on BBB integrity (i.e., tight junction protein complexes, transporters), and the utilization of antioxidant treatments in ischemic stroke clinical trials. Overall, knowledge in this area provides a strong translational framework for discovery of novel drugs for stroke and/or improved strategies to mitigate I/R injury in stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Lochhead
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen KW, Chen YR, Yang LY, Cheng YW, Chou SC, Chen YH, Chen YT, Hsieh ST, Kuo MF, Wang KC. Microcirculatory Impairment and Cerebral Injury in Hydrocephalus and the Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01097. [PMID: 38511941 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hydrocephalus is characterized by progressive enlargement of cerebral ventricles, resulting in impaired microvasculature and cerebral hypoperfusion. This study aimed to demonstrate the microvascular changes in hydrocephalic rats and the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) release on cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS On postnatal day 21 (P21), male Wistar rats were intracisternally injected with either a kaolin suspension or saline. On P47, Evan's ratio (ER) was measured using MRI. On P49, the arteriolar diameter and vascular density of the pia were quantified using a capillary video microscope. The CBF was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. The expressions of NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein determined by immunochemical staining were correlated with the ER. The CBF and rotarod test performance were recorded before and after CSF release. The expressions of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and c-caspase-3 were studied on P56. RESULTS Ventriculomegaly was induced to varying degrees, resulting in the stretching and abnormal narrowing of pial arterioles, which regressed with increasing ER. Quantitative analysis revealed significant decreases in the arteriolar diameter and vascular density in the hydrocephalic group compared with those in the control group. In addition, the CBF in the hydrocephalic group decreased to 30%-50% of that in the control group. In hydrocephalus, the neurons appear distorted, and the expression of 4-HNE and reactive astrogliosis increase in the cortex. After CSF was released, improvements in the CBF and rotarod test performance were inversely associated with the ER. In addition, the levels of 4-HNE and c-caspase-3 were further elevated. CONCLUSION Rapid ventricular dilatation is associated with severe microvascular distortion, vascular regression, cortical hypoperfusion, and cellular changes that impair the recovery of CBF and motor function after CSF release. Moreover, CSF release may induce reperfusion injury. This pathophysiology should be taken into account when treating hydrocephalus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Degree of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Ren Chen
- Non-invasive Cancer Therapy Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Chou
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fai Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amankwa CE, Acha LG, Dibas A, Chavala SH, Roth S, Mathew B, Acharya S. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hybrid Small-Molecule SA-10 in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Neuronal Injury Models. Cells 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38474360 PMCID: PMC10931063 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Embolism, hyperglycemia, high intraocular pressure-induced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and microglial activation result in endothelial/retinal ganglion cell death. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) efficacy studies of a hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxide donor small molecule, SA-10, to assess its therapeutic potential for ocular stroke. METHODS To induce I/R injury and inflammation, we subjected R28 and primary microglial cells to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h in vitro or treated these cells with a cocktail of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ for 1 h, followed by the addition of SA-10 (10 µM). Inhibition of microglial activation, ROS scavenging, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were measured. In vivo I/R-injured mouse retinas were treated with either PBS or SA-10 (2%) intravitreally, and pattern electroretinogram (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, flash ERG and retinal immunocytochemistry were performed. RESULTS SA-10 significantly inhibited microglial activation and inflammation in vitro. Compared to the control, the compound SA-10 significantly attenuated cell death in both microglia (43% vs. 13%) and R28 cells (52% vs. 17%), decreased ROS (38% vs. 68%) production in retinal microglia cells, preserved neural retinal function and increased SOD1 in mouse eyes. CONCLUSION SA-10 is protective to retinal neurons by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Lorea Gamboa Acha
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Adnan Dibas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sai H. Chavala
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Biji Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang X. Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24757. [PMID: 38317957 PMCID: PMC10839892 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preconditioning is a promising strategy against ischemic brain injury, and numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated its neuroprotective effects. However, at present there is no bibliometric analysis of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, a comprehensive overview of the current status, hot spots, and emerging trends in this research field is necessary. Materials and methods Studies on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia from January 1999-December 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. CiteSpace was used for data mining and visual analysis. Results A total of 1738 papers on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia were included in the study. The annual publications showed an upwards and then downwards trend but currently remain high in terms of annual publications. The US was the leading country, followed by China, the most active country in recent years. Capital Medical University published the largest number of articles. Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A contributed the most publications, while KITAGAWA K was the most cited author. The focus of the study covered three areas: (1) relevant diseases and experimental models, (2) types of preconditioning and stimuli, and (3) mechanisms of ischemic tolerance. Remote ischemic preconditioning, preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and inflammation are the frontiers of research in this field. Conclusion Our study provides a visual and scientific overview of research on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia, providing valuable information and new directions for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo TCM-Integrated Hospital, Zibo ,255026, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- Division of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao M, Xia Q, Zhan G, Bing H, Zhang C, Wang J, Tian W, Lian H, Li X, Chu Q. Vialinin A alleviates oxidative stress and neuronal injuries after ischaemic stroke by accelerating Keap1 degradation through inhibiting USP4-mediated deubiquitination. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155304. [PMID: 38176274 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is known as a hallmark of cerebral ischaemia‒reperfusion injury and it exacerbates the pathologic progression of ischaemic brain damage. Vialinin A, derived from a Chinese edible mushroom, possesses multiple pharmacological activities in cancer, Kawasaki disease, asthma and pathological scarring. Notably, vialinin A is an inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 4 (USP4) that shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, the precise effect of vialinin A in ischaemic stroke, as well as its underlying mechanisms, remains largely unexplored. PURPOSE The present research focuses on the impacts of vialinin A on oxidative stress and explores the underlying mechanisms involved while also examining its potentiality as a therapeutic candidate for ischaemic stroke. METHODS Mouse ischaemic stroke was conducted by MCAO surgery. Vialinin A was administered via lateral ventricular injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg after reperfusion. Subsequent experiments were meticulously conducted at the appropriate time points. Stroke outcomes were evaluated by TTC staining, neurological score, Nissl staining and behavioural analysis. Co-IP assays were operated to examine the protein-protein interactions. Immunoblot analysis, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to further investigate its underlying mechanisms. RESULTS In this study, we initially showed that administration of vialinin A alleviated cerebral ischaemia‒reperfusion injury-induced neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, vialinin A, which is an antioxidant, reduced oxidative stress injury, promoted the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and increased the protein degradation of Keap1. The substantial neuroprotective effects of vialinin A against ischaemic stroke were compromised by the overexpression of USP4. Mechanistically, vialinin A inhibited the deubiquitinating enzymatic activity of USP4, leading to enhanced ubiquitination of Keap1 and subsequently promoting its degradation. This cascade caused the activation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response, culminating in a reduction of neuronal apoptosis and the amelioration of neurological dysfunction following ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that inhibition of USP4 to activate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway may represent a mechanism by which vialinin A conferred protection against cerebral ischaemia‒reperfusion injury and sheds light on its promising prospects as a therapeutic intervention for ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Trauma Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hailong Bing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Wangli Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Hongkai Lian
- Trauma Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qinjun Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang N, Yang T, Han H, Shui J, Hou M, Wei W, Kumar G, Song L, Ma C, Li X, Ding Z. Exploring Research Trend and Hotspots on Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Stroke (2001-2022): Insights from Bibliometric. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03909-4. [PMID: 38285289 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is widely involved in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion. Several research have demonstrated that eliminating or reducing oxidative stress can alleviate the pathological changes of ischemic stroke. However, current clinical antioxidant treatment did not always perform as expected. This bibliometric research aims to identify research trends, topics, hotspots, and evolution on oxidative stress in the field of ischemic stroke, and to find potentially antioxidant strategies in future clinical treatment. Relevant publications were searched from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection databases (2001-2022). VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the development trends and hotspots. In the field of oxidative stress and ischemic stroke, the number of publications increased significantly from 2001 to 2022. China and the USA were the leading countries for publication output. The most prolific institutions were Stanford University. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism and Stroke were the most cited journals. The research topics in this field include inflammation with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage with oxidative stress, oxidative stress in reperfusion injury, oxidative stress in cognitive impairment and basic research and clinical translation of oxidative stress. Moreover, "NLRP3 inflammasome," "autophagy," "mitophagy," "miRNA," "ferroptosis," and "signaling pathway" are the emerging research hotspots in recent years. At present, multi-target regulation focusing on multi-mechanism crosstalk has progressed across this period, while challenges come from the transformation of basic research to clinical application. New detection technology and new nanomaterials are expected to integrate oxidative stress into the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongxia Han
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Shui
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenyue Wei
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, Shanxi Province, China.
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alasheev AM, Lantsova EV. [Efficacy of Mexidol in combination with cerebral revascularization in the treatment of ischemic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:67-74. [PMID: 38512097 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412403267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is an acute life-threatening condition; its outcome is determined by the degree of damage to brain tissue, the quality and speed of medical care in the first minutes and hours after its occurrence. The main mechanism of brain tissue damage during both ischemia and reperfusion is oxidative stress. The review covers adverse influence oxidative stress at the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion periodes of ischemic stroke. The results of preclinical studies demonstrating the ability of Mexidol to neutralize the effects of free radicals and activate antioxidant protection are presented. Data from clinical studies of the use of Mexidol in combination with thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Alasheev
- Sverdlov Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mathias K, Machado RS, Stork S, Dos Santos D, Joaquim L, Generoso J, Danielski LG, Barichello T, Prophiro JS, Petronilho F. Blood-brain barrier permeability in the ischemic stroke: An update. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104621. [PMID: 37918521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and the major cause of long-term disability. Among the types of strokes, ischemic stroke, which occurs due to obstruction of blood vessels responsible for cerebral irrigation, is considered the most prevalent, accounting for approximately 86 % of all stroke cases. This interruption of blood supply leads to a critical pathophysiological mechanism, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which are responsible for structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The increased BBB permeability associated with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion may contribute to a worse outcome after stroke. Thus, this narrative review aims to update the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the increase in BBB permeability and to list the possible therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Solange Stork
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - David Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Josiane Somariva Prophiro
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarao, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Crispino P. Hemorrhagic Coagulation Disorders and Ischemic Stroke: How to Reconcile Both? Neurol Int 2023; 15:1443-1458. [PMID: 38132972 PMCID: PMC10745771 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation and fibrinolytic system disorders are conditions in which the blood's ability to clot is impaired, resulting in an increased risk of thrombosis or bleeding. Although these disorders are the expression of two opposing tendencies, they can often be associated with or be a consequence of each other, contributing to making the prognosis of acute cerebrovascular events more difficult. It is important to recognize those conditions that are characterized by dual alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems to reduce the prognostic impact of clinical conditions with difficult treatment and often unfortunate outcomes. Management of these individuals can be challenging, as clinicians must balance the need to prevent bleeding episodes with the potential risk of clot formation. Treatment decisions should be made on an individual basis, considering the specific bleeding disorder, its severity, and the patient's general medical condition. This review aims to deal with all those forms in which coagulation and fibrinolysis represent two sides of the same media in the correct management of patients with acute neurological syndrome. Precision medicine, personalized treatment, advanced anticoagulant strategies, and innovations in bleeding control represent future directions in the management of these complex pathologies in which stroke can be the evolution of two different acute events or be the first manifestation of an occult or unknown underlying pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Crispino
- Medicine Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Scaravelli Snc, 04100 Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sadeghzadeh J, Hosseini L, Mobed A, Zangbar HS, Jafarzadeh J, Pasban J, Shahabi P. The Impact of Cerebral Ischemia on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3915-3928. [PMID: 37740074 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, leading to reduced blood supply to specific brain areas, remain significant contributors to neurological damage, disability, and mortality. Among the vulnerable regions, the subcortical areas, including the hippocampus, are particularly susceptible to ischemia-induced injuries, with the extent of damage influenced by the different stages of ischemia. Neural tissue undergoes various changes and damage due to intricate biochemical reactions involving free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and glutamate toxicity. The consequences of these processes can result in irreversible harm. Notably, free radicals play a pivotal role in the neuropathological mechanisms following ischemia, contributing to oxidative stress. Therefore, the function of antioxidant enzymes after ischemia becomes crucial in preventing hippocampal damage caused by oxidative stress. This study explores hippocampal neuronal damage and enzymatic antioxidant activity during ischemia and reperfusion's early and late stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jaber Jafarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jamshid Pasban
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Błaż M, Natorska J, Bembenek JP, Członkowska A, Ząbczyk M, Polak M, Undas A. Protein Carbonylation Contributes to Prothrombotic Fibrin Clot Phenotype in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Clinical Associations. Stroke 2023; 54:2804-2813. [PMID: 37795592 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and unfavorably altered fibrin clot properties. We investigated determinants of plasma protein carbonylation (PC) in AIS, its impact on the prothrombotic state, and prognostic value during follow-up. METHODS We included 98 consecutive AIS patients aged 74±12 years (male:female ratio, 50:48 [51%:49%]) at the Neurology Center in Warsaw, Poland, between January and December 2014. As many as 74 (75.5%) patients underwent thrombolysis, and 24 were unsuitable for thrombolysis. We determined plasma PC, along with thrombin generation, fibrin clot permeability, and clot lysis time on admission, at 24 hours, and 3 months. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and stroke outcome with the modified Rankin Scale. Hemorrhagic transformation was assessed on the computed tomography scan within 48 hours from the symptom onset, while stroke-related mortality was evaluated at 3 months. RESULTS On admission, PC levels (median, 4.61 [3.81-5.70] nM/mg protein) were associated with the time since symptom onset (r=0.41; P<0.0001) and with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (P=0.36; P=0.0003). Higher PC levels on admission correlated with denser fibrin clot formation and prolonged clot lysis time but not with thrombin generation. In thrombolysed patients, lower PC levels were observed after 24 hours (-34%) and at 3 months (-23%; both P<0.001). PC levels at baseline and after 24 hours predicted the modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 3 months (OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.21-3.00]; OR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.39-3.44], respectively). Higher PC at baseline predicted hemorrhagic transformation of stroke (OR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.02-3.74]) and stroke-related mortality (OR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.08-3.79]), while higher PC at 24 hours predicted solely stroke-related mortality (OR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.28-3.46]). CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma PC levels in patients with AIS, related to prothrombotic fibrin clot properties, are associated with stroke severity. Thrombolysis reduces the extent of PC. The current study suggests a prognostic value of PC in AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Błaż
- Department of Neurology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland (M.B.)., Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natorska
- Department of Thromboembolic Diseases, Institute of Cardiology (J.N., M.Z., A.U.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan P Bembenek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (J.P.B.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Członkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology (A.C.), Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ząbczyk
- Department of Thromboembolic Diseases, Institute of Cardiology (J.N., M.Z., A.U.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Polak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health (M.P.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- Department of Thromboembolic Diseases, Institute of Cardiology (J.N., M.Z., A.U.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han Q, Wang C, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang H, Ni Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Sun B. Application of Nanozymes and its Progress in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01182-0. [PMID: 37555909 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a new kind of material which has been applied since the beginning of this century, and its birth has promoted the development of chemistry, materials science, and biology. Nanozymes can be used as a substitute for natural enzyme and has a wide range of applications; therefore, it has attracted extensive attention from all sectors of the community, and the number of studies has constantly increasing. In this paper, we introduced the outstanding achievements in the field of nanozymes in recent years from the main function, the construction of nanozyme-based biosensors, and the treatment of ischemic stroke, and we also illustrated the internal mechanism and the catalytic principle. In the end, the obstacles and challenges in the future development of nanozymes were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Baoliang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jurcau A, Jurcau CM. Mitochondria in Huntington's disease: implications in pathogenesis and mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1472-1477. [PMID: 36571344 PMCID: PMC10075114 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a genetic disease caused by expanded CAG repeats on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 4. Compelling evidence implicates impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control, disturbed mitochondrial trafficking, oxidative stress and mitochondrial calcium dyshomeostasis in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Unfortunately, conventional mitochondrial-targeted molecules, such as cysteamine, creatine, coenzyme Q10, or triheptanoin, yielded negative or inconclusive results. However, future therapeutic strategies, aiming to restore mitochondrial biogenesis, improving the fission/fusion balance, and improving mitochondrial trafficking, could prove useful tools in improving the phenotype of Huntington's disease and, used in combination with genome-editing methods, could lead to a cure for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea; Neurology 3 Ward, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Oradea, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao Z, Sun H, Xie Y, Ren Y. Assessment of the excretion of oxidative stress biomarkers and anabolic steroids based on sewage: A case study of college students and the general population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163079. [PMID: 36990235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater-based epidemiology to evaluate the health and lifestyle of the population is a novel research interest. However, studies concerning the excretion of endogenous metabolites due to oxidative stress and the consumption of anabolic steroids have rarely been involved. In this study, we compared the effects of events such as final examination and sports meeting on the levels of four oxidative stress biomarkers (8-isoPGF2α, HNE-MA, 8-OHdG, and HCY) and four prohibited anabolic steroids (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Boldenone, and Metandienone) in sewage, using university students and urban populations as studying target. It was found that the per capita mass load of the four oxidative stress biomarkers 8-isoPGF2α, HNE-MA, 8-OHdG, and HCY in the sewage of Guangzhou urban area and university town were 256.6 ± 76.1, 9.4 ± 3.8, 1.1 ± 0.5, and 0.9 ± 0.4 mg/d/1000, respectively. The mean mass load of 8-isoPGF2α was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 pandemic (74.9 ± 29.6 mg/d/1000 people, P < 0.05). The per capita load levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly higher (P < 0.05) during the 2022 exam week relative to the pre-exam period, indicating that the exams caused transient stress to students. The per capita mass load of androgenic steroids was 77.7 mg/d/1000 people. There was an increase in the per capita load level of androgenic steroids during the provincial sports meeting. In this study, we quantified the concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers and androgenic steroids in the sewage and better realized the application of WBE on the health level and lifestyle of the population during special events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Gao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yufei Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institution, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iancu A, Buleu F, Chita DS, Tutelca A, Tudor R, Brad S. Early Hemorrhagic Transformation after Reperfusion Therapy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of Risk Factors and Predictors. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050840. [PMID: 37239312 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The standard reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is considered to be thrombolysis, but its application is limited by the high risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). This study aimed to analyze risk factors and predictors of early HT after reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy). Material and methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who developed HT in the first 24 h after receiving rtPA thrombolysis or performing mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into two groups, respectively, the early-HT group and the without-early-HT group based on cranial computed tomography performed at 24 h, regardless of the type of hemorrhagic transformation. Results: A total of 211 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 20.37% (n = 43; age: median 70.00 years; 51.2% males) had early HT. Multivariate analysis of independent risk factors associated with early HT found that male gender increased the risk by 2.7-fold, the presence of baseline high blood pressure by 2.4-fold, and high glycemic values by 1.2-fold. Higher values of NIHSS at 24 h increased the risk of hemorrhagic transformation by 1.18-fold, while higher values of ASPECTS at 24 h decreased the risk of hemorrhagic transformation by 0.6-fold. Conclusions: In our study, male gender, baseline high blood pressure, and high glycemic values, along with higher values of NIHSS were associated with the increased risk of early HT. Furthermore, the identification of early-HT predictors is critical in patients with AIS for the clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy. Predictive models to be used in the future to select more careful patients with a low risk of early HT need to be developed in order to minimize the impact of HT associated with reperfusion techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iancu
- Department of Radiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", 300732 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Buleu
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", 300732 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Simona Chita
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Adrian Tutelca
- Department of Radiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", 300732 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- County Emergency Clinical Hospital "Pius Brinzeu", 300732 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Neurology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silviu Brad
- Department of Radiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:21. [PMID: 36890458 PMCID: PMC9996905 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O2-) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH4, deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Ave, MC-251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.Pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang S, Liu H, Chen T. Triptonide Ameliorates Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-induced Cerebral Ischemic Damage in Rats via Regulation of In flammatory Response. Pharmacogn Mag 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09731296221137379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemic stroke is the second major cause of mortality worldwide that results in persisting disability and mental agony. Ischemic stroke is induced by the diminished blood circulation to the brain, which can be due to obstruction by arteriosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, or thrombosis. Triptonide is a diterpene triepoxide, purified out of extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and is an emerging target against, for example, cancers and inflammatory insults. Materials and Methods Taking this into consideration, this study was designed to analyze the effect of triptonide on ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) cerebral infarction stroke rats. Results Our study showed that triptonide decreased the infarct volume and brain edema produced by I/R. Moreover, triptonide protected the rats from any neurological deficits, which were analyzed using a five-point scoring system, augmented antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione content, and lowered the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Triptonide also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), TNF- α, and IL-6, while it augmented anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In this study, cerebral infarction stroke rats showed an increase in malondialdehyde levels. Triptonide preserved the normal brain architecture from various neurotoxic effects. Conclusion Thus, triptonide can be targeted for drug discovery in the future to protect against cerebral infarction stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo First Hospital, Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng Third People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Medical Maging Office, Weifang Nursing Vocational College, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo S, Xing N, Xiang G, Zhang Y, Wang S. Eriodictyol: a review of its pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms related to ischemic stroke. Food Funct 2023; 14:1851-1868. [PMID: 36757280 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03417d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by a prominent mortality and disability rate, which has increased the burden on the global economy to a certain extent. Meanwhile, patients benefit little from the limited clinical strategies of intravenous alteplase and thrombectomy due to the limited therapeutic window. Given this, it is urgent to study new therapeutic methods to intervene in these patients. Eriodyctiol (ERD) is a major natural flavonoid, which widely exists in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs, and has various pharmacological properties. It has been reported that ERD can maintain homeostasis in organisms by exerting neuroprotective and vascular protective effects. Therefore, more and more studies have focused on the pharmacological activity and mechanism of ERD in IS. This paper provides an overview of the plant sources, phytochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pathogenesis, as well as the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ERD in IS. To date, preclinical studies on ERD in diverse cell lines and animal models have established the idea of ERD as a feasible agent capable of specifically ameliorating IS. The molecular mechanisms of ERD to prevent or reduce IS are mainly based on the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the mechanism of ERD against IS is flawed and needs more exploration by the research community. Moreover, well-designed clinical trials are needed to increase the scientific validity of the beneficial effects of ERD against IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Nan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gelin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang P. Research progress on the protective mechanism of a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU on ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1083972. [PMID: 36846137 PMCID: PMC9945277 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1083972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic Acid (AA) is the precursor of cerebrovascular active substances in the human body, and its metabolites are closely associated with the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathway of AA has become a research hotspot. Furthermore, the CYP metabolic pathway of AA is regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) is a novel sEH inhibitor that exerts cerebrovascular protective activity. This article reviews the mechanism of TPPU's protective effect on ischemic stroke disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen M, Zheng Y, Li G, Chen Y, Huang L, Wu J, Hong C. Dual Antioxidant DH-217 Mitigated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting IKKβ/Nrf2/HO-1 Signal Axis. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:579-590. [PMID: 36243818 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants represent a potential therapy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Compounds which exhibit both direct and indirect antioxidative activity may potentially exert improved effects. Hence, we aimed to assess whether the dual antioxidant DH-217, a derivative of DHAP clinically used to treat coronary heart disease, can reduce oxidative stress damage and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO)-induced damages were used to imitate oxidative stress. The antioxidation of DH-217 was determined by MTT, ROS, colony and DPPH assay. Besides, immunofluorescence, Real-Time PCR Analyses, western blotting and si-RNA/Plasmid-induced protein expression were used for mechanism validation. DPPH scavenging assay evidenced DH-217 was a well free radical scavenger. Cell survival assay also showed that DH-217 had a significant cytoprotection through direct and indirect clearance mechanisms. Further, it clearly inhibited oxidative stress-induced IkappaB kinase beta (IKKβ) phosphorylation and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Significantly, these antioxidant beneficial effects were reversed by HO-1 inhibitor, si-nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and IKKβ plasmid. Meanwhile, DH-217 had a good neuroprotective effect on CIRI rats. The dual antioxidant DH-217 has potential reference value for drug development of CIRI. Furthermore, inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 could be a promising antioxidant pathway. Dual antioxidant DH-217 not only has the ability of directly scavenging ROS, but also can clear it by targeting IKKβ/Nrf2/HO-1 signal axis. Inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 may be a promising antioxidant pathway for CIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Shen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuantie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinqi Chen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenglv Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salyha N, Oliynyk I. Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13238. [PMID: 36718422 PMCID: PMC9877323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Salyha
- Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine,Corresponding author
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tang L, Fu C, Zhang A, Li X, Cao Y, Feng J, Liu H, Dong H, Wang W. Harnessing nanobiotechnology for cerebral ischemic stroke management. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:791-812. [PMID: 36545758 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke remains one of the most serious neurological disorders that pose threats to human health, causing a large amount of long-term disability or even death throughout the world. Based on its physiologic and pathological features, there are limited available therapeutic options for effective ischemic stroke management. Encouragingly, a rapid advancement of nanobiotechnology is bringing new insights into exploring more alternative strategies against cerebral ischemic stroke, which can cleverly overcome the limitations related to conventional treatment methods. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of nanobiotechnology for ischemic stroke management, which emphasizes diverse targeted delivery strategies using various nanoplatforms including liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogels, inorganic nanomaterials, and cell-derived nano-vectors based on the pathophysiological features of ischemic stroke. Moreover, different therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, thrombolysis, increased blood-brain barrier penetration and reactive oxygen species scavenging are highlighted. Meanwhile, this review discusses how these versatile nanoplatforms were designed to assist in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Based on this, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives using nanobiotechnology through rational design for effective ischemic stroke management are revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Cong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Aining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Xiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yuqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Jingwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Hening Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Andronie-Cioara FL, Ardelean AI, Nistor-Cseppento CD, Jurcau A, Jurcau MC, Pascalau N, Marcu F. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031869. [PMID: 36768235 PMCID: PMC9915182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging associates with a chronic inflammatory state both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, the evidence thereof and the mechanisms leading to chronic neuroinflammation being discussed. Nonetheless, neuroinflammation is significantly enhanced by the accumulation of amyloid beta and accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various pathways discussed in the present review. Decades of clinical trials targeting the 2 abnormal proteins in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta and tau, led to many failures. As such, targeting neuroinflammation via different strategies could prove a valuable therapeutic strategy, although much research is still needed to identify the appropriate time window. Active research focusing on identifying early biomarkers could help translating these novel strategies from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adriana Ioana Ardelean
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Carmen Delia Nistor-Cseppento
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Nicoleta Pascalau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.D.N.-C.); (N.P.)
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mitochondria in Cell-Based Therapy for Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010178. [PMID: 36671040 PMCID: PMC9854436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a relatively developed understanding of the pathophysiology underlying primary and secondary mechanisms of cell death after ischemic injury, there are few established treatments to improve stroke prognoses. A major contributor to secondary cell death is mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent advancements in cell-based therapies suggest that stem cells may be revolutionary for treating stroke, and the reestablishment of mitochondrial integrity may underlie these therapeutic benefits. In fact, functioning mitochondria are imperative for reducing oxidative damage and neuroinflammation following stroke and reperfusion injury. In this review, we will discuss the role of mitochondria in establishing the anti-oxidative effects of stem cell therapies for stroke.
Collapse
|
31
|
Filippenkov IB, Remizova JA, Denisova AE, Stavchansky VV, Golovina KD, Gubsky LV, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Differential gene expression in the contralateral hemisphere of the rat brain after focal ischemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:573. [PMID: 36631528 PMCID: PMC9834327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe polygenic brain diseases. Here, we performed further functional genetic analysis of the processes occurring in the contralateral hemisphere (CH) after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Comparison of RNA sequencing data for subcortical samples from the ipsilateral hemisphere (IH) and CH after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and corresponding sham-operated (SO) controls showed four groups of genes that were associated with ischemic processes in rat brain at 24 h after tMCAO. Among them, 2672 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for IH but non-DEGs for CH, 34 genes were DEGs for CH but non-DEGs for IH, and 114 genes had codirected changes in expression in both hemispheres. The remaining 16 genes exhibited opposite changes at the mRNA level in the two brain hemispheres after tMCAO. These findings suggest that the ischemic process caused by a focal ischemia induces complex bilateral reactions at the transcriptome level in the rat brain. We believe that specific genome responses in the CH and IH may provide a useful model for the study of the potential for brain repair after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B. Filippenkov
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A. Remizova
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina E. Denisova
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Stavchansky
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia D. Golovina
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Gubsky
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia ,Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Building 10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V. Dergunova
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shehjar F, Maktabi B, Rahman ZA, Bahader GA, James AW, Naqvi A, Mahajan R, Shah ZA. Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105458. [PMID: 36460240 PMCID: PMC9839659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, a neurological disease, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, resulting in long-term disability in most survivors. Annual stroke costs in the United States alone were estimated at $46 billion recently. Stroke pathophysiology is complex, involving multiple causal factors, among which atherosclerosis, thrombus, and embolus are prevalent. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology are essential to understanding targeted drug development. Some common mechanisms are excitotoxicity and calcium overload, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In addition, various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors increase the chances of stroke manifolds. Once a patient encounters a stroke, complete restoration of motor ability and cognitive skills is often rare. Therefore, shaping therapeutic strategies is paramount for finding a viable therapeutic agent. Apart from tPA, an FDA-approved therapy that is applied in most stroke cases, many other therapeutic strategies have been met with limited success. Stroke therapies often involve a combination of multiple strategies to restore the patient's normal function. Certain drugs like Gamma-aminobutyric receptor agonists (GABA), Glutamate Receptor inhibitors, Sodium, and Calcium channel blockers, and fibrinogen-depleting agents have shown promise in stroke treatment. Recently, a drug, DM199, a recombinant (synthetic) form of a naturally occurring protein called human tissue kallikrein-1 (KLK1), has shown great potential in treating stroke with fewer side effects. Furthermore, DM199 has been found to overcome the limitations presented when using tPA and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Cell-based therapies like Neural Stem Cells, Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs) are also being explored as a treatment of choice for stroke. These therapeutic agents come with merits and demerits, but continuous research and efforts are being made to develop the best therapeutic strategies to minimize the damage post-stroke and restore complete neurological function in stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehjar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Briana Maktabi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zainab A Rahman
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wan Y, Tian H, Wang H, Wang D, Jiang H, Fang Q. Selective intraarterial hypothermia combined with mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction based on microcatheter technology: A single-center, randomized, single-blind controlled study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1039816. [PMID: 36873429 PMCID: PMC9978520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1039816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of selective intraarterial hypothermia combined with mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction based on microcatheter technology. Methods A total of 142 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion were randomly assigned to the hypothermic treatment group (test group) and the conventional treatment group (control group). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, postoperative infarct volume, the 90-day good prognosis rate (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2 points), and the mortality rate of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Blood specimens were collected from patients before and after treatment. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) were measured. Results The 7-day postoperative cerebral infarct volume [(63.7 ± 22.1) ml vs. (88.5 ± 20.8) ml] and NIHSS scores at postoperative Days 1, 7, and 14 [(6.8 ± 3.8) points vs. (8.2 ± 3.5) points; (2.6 ± 1.6) points vs. (4.0 ± 1.8) points; (2.0 ± 1.2) points vs. (3.5 ± 2.1) points] in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The good prognosis rate at 90 days postoperatively (54.9 vs. 35.2%, P = 0.018) was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. The 90-day mortality rate was not statistically significant (7.0 vs. 8.5%, P = 0.754). Immediately after surgery and 1 day after surgery, SOD, IL-10, and RBM3 levels in the test group were relatively higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Immediately after surgery and 1 day after surgery, MDA and IL-6 levels in the test group were relatively reduced compared with those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the test group, RBM3 was positively correlated with SOD and IL-10. Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy combined with intraarterial cold saline perfusion is a safe and effective measure for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Postoperative NIHSS scores and infarct volumes were significantly improved with this strategy compared with simple mechanical thrombectomy, and the 90-day good prognosis rate was improved. The mechanism by which this treatment exerts its cerebral protective effect may be by inhibiting the transformation of the ischaemic penumbra of the infarct core area, scavenging some oxygen free radicals, reducing inflammatory injury to cells after acute infarction and ischaemia-reperfusion, and promoting RBM3 production in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Liaoning, China.,Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Third People's Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Third People's Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - DaPeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - HaiWei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Third People's Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Z, Zhao T, Shi M, Wei Y, Huang X, Shen J, Zhang X, Xie Z, Huang P, Yuan K, Li Z, Li N, Qin D. Polyphenols: Natural food grade biomolecules for treating neurodegenerative diseases from a multi-target perspective. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1139558. [PMID: 36925964 PMCID: PMC10011110 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As natural functional bioactive ingredients found in foods and plants, polyphenols play various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles to prevent the development of disease and restore human health. The multi-target modulation of polyphenols provides a novel practical therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases that are difficult to treat with traditional drugs like glutathione and cholinesterase inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on the efficacy of polyphenols on ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, including in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. It is further emphasized that polyphenols exert neuroprotective effects primarily through inhibiting production of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which may be the underlying mechanism. However, polyphenols are still rarely used as medicines to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the lack of clinical trials, the mechanism of polyphenols is still in the stage of insufficient exploration. Future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials and in-depth mechanism studies are still needed to fully assess the safety, efficacy and side effects of polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingqin Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Peidong Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nistor-Cseppentö DC, Jurcău MC, Jurcău A, Andronie-Cioară FL, Marcu F. Stem Cell- and Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:717. [PMID: 36421118 PMCID: PMC9687728 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second cause of disability worldwide as it is expected to increase its incidence and prevalence. Despite efforts to increase the number of patients eligible for recanalization therapies, a significant proportion of stroke survivors remain permanently disabled. This outcome boosted the search for efficient neurorestorative methods. Stem cells act through multiple pathways: cell replacement, the secretion of growth factors, promoting endogenous reparative pathways, angiogenesis, and the modulation of neuroinflammation. Although neural stem cells are difficult to obtain, pose a series of ethical issues, and require intracerebral delivery, mesenchymal stem cells are less immunogenic, are easy to obtain, and can be transplanted via intravenous, intra-arterial, or intranasal routes. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes have similar actions and are easier to obtain, also allowing for engineering to deliver specific molecules or RNAs and to promote the desired effects. Appropriate timing, dosing, and delivery protocols must be established, and the possibility of tumorigenesis must be settled. Nonetheless, stem cell- and cell-based therapies for stroke have already entered clinical trials. Although safe, the evidence for efficacy is less impressive so far. Hopefully, the STEP guidelines and the SPAN program will improve the success rate. As such, stem cell- and cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke holds great promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioară
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jurcău MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Jurcău A, Marcu F, Ţiț DM, Pașcalău N, Nistor-Cseppentö DC. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications and Future Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2167. [PMID: 36358538 PMCID: PMC9686795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has increasing incidence, increasing mortality rates, and poses a huge burden on healthcare. None of the currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD influence disease progression. Many clinical trials aiming at inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, increasing amyloid beta clearance, or inhibiting neurofibrillary tangle pathology yielded inconclusive results or failed. Meanwhile, research has identified many interlinked vicious cascades implicating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic neuroinflammation, and has pointed to novel therapeutic targets such as improving mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control, diminishing oxidative stress, or modulating the neuroinflammatory pathways. Many novel molecules tested in vitro or in animal models have proven efficient, but their translation into clinic needs further research regarding appropriate doses, delivery routes, and possible side effects. Cell-based therapies and extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of messenger RNAs and microRNAs seem also promising strategies allowing to target specific signaling pathways, but need further research regarding the most appropriate harvesting and culture methods as well as control of the possible tumorigenic side effects. The rapidly developing area of nanotechnology could improve drug delivery and also be used in early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Ţiț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Pașcalău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chiang MC, Nicol CJB, Lo SS, Hung SW, Wang CJ, Lin CH. Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911678. [PMID: 36232980 PMCID: PMC9570351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) can produce hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity and is a mature in vitro model of hypoxic cell damage. Activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates a downstream pathway that substantially increases bioenergy production, which may be a key player in physiological energy and has also been shown to play a role in regulating neuroprotective processes. Resveratrol is an effective activator of AMPK, indicating that it may have therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective agent. However, the mechanism by which resveratrol achieves these beneficial effects in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to OGD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in a 3D gelatin scaffold remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol in 3D gelatin scaffold cells to understand its neuroprotective effects on NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and oxidative stress under OGD conditions. Here, we show that resveratrol improves the expression levels of cell viability, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18), NF-κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome, that OGD increases. In addition, resveratrol rescued oxidative stress, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Nrf2 downstream antioxidant target genes (e.g., SOD, Gpx GSH, catalase, and HO-1). Treatment with resveratrol can significantly normalize OGD-induced changes in SH-SY5Y cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and oxidative defense gene expression; however, these resveratrol protective effects are affected by AMPK antagonists (Compounds C) blocking. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of the AMPK-dependent protective effect of resveratrol under 3D OGD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated cerebral ischemic stroke conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shy-Shyong Lo
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Wei Hung
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Wang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Neuroprotective Effect of Polyphenol Extracts from Terminalia chebula Retz. against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196449. [PMID: 36234986 PMCID: PMC9571999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for ischemic stroke are insufficient due to the lack of specific drugs. This study aimed to investigate the protective activity of polyphenol extracts from Terminalia chebula against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced damage. Polyphenols of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were extracted from T. chebula. BV2 microglial cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were treated by TPE and TPB. Cell viability, cell morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, enzyme activity and signaling pathway related to oxidative stress were observed. We found that TPE and TPB showed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The protective effects of TPE and TPB on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were demonstrated by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, elevated level of the nucleus transportation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and expressions of antioxidant proteins, with a simultaneous reduction in cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species level. In conclusion, TPE and TPB exert neuroprotective effects by stimulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Su J, Cheng J, Hu Y, Yu Q, Li Z, Li J, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Yang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhu K, Du W, Chen X. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs and their potential roles in the therapeutic heterogeneity of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure patients after acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:961700. [PMID: 36247465 PMCID: PMC9558900 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.961700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIt has been reported that sacubitril/valsartan can improve cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients complicated by heart failure (HF). However, a number of patients cannot be treated successfully; this phenomenon is called sacubitril/valsartan resistance (SVR), and the mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn our present research, the expression profiles of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in SVR along with no sacubitril/valsartan resistance (NSVR) patients were determined by RNA sequencing. Through bioinformatics, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and cell-based experiments, we identified SVR-related tsRNAs and confirmed their diagnostic value, predicted their targeted genes, and explored the enriched signal pathways as well as regulatory roles of tsRNAs in SVR.ResultsOur research indicated that 36 tsRNAs were upregulated and that 21 tsRNAs were downregulated in SVR. Among these tsRNAs, the expression of tRF-59:76-Tyr-GTA-2-M3 and tRF-60:76-Val-AAC-1-M5 was upregulated, while the expression of tRF-1:29-Gly-GCC-1 was downregulated in the group of SVR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that these three tsRNAs were potential biomarkers of the therapeutic heterogeneity of sacubitril/valsartan. Moreover, tRF-60:76-Val-AAC-1-M5 might target Tnfrsf10b and Bcl2l1 to influence the observed therapeutic heterogeneity through the lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways.ConclusionHence, tsRNA might play a vital role in SVR. These discoveries provide new insights for the mechanistic investigation of responsiveness to sacubitril/valsartan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Emergency, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingchu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yuyao People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeqin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Keqi Zhu,
| | - Weiping Du
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Weiping Du,
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Xiaomin Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Novel Simple O-Substituted Isoflavones against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810394. [PMID: 36142301 PMCID: PMC9498989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have been widely studied and have attracted extensive attention in fields ranging from chemotaxonomy and plant physiology to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavones are often divided into three subgroups: simple O-substituted derivatives, prenylated derivatives, and glycosides. Simple O-substituted isoflavones and their glycosides, such as daidzein (daidzin), genistein (genistin), glycitein (glycitin), biochanin A (astroside), and formononetin (ononin), are the most common ingredients in legumes and are considered as phytoestrogens for daily dietary hormone replacement therapy due to their structural similarity to 17-β-estradiol. On the basis of the known estrogen-like potency, these above isoflavones possess multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-angiogenetic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, and neuroprotective activities. However, there are very few review studies on the protective effects of these novel isoflavones and their related compounds in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. This review primarily focuses on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and neuroprotective mechanism of these aforementioned novel isoflavones in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. From these published works in in vitro and in vivo studies, simple O-substituted isoflavones could serve as promising therapeutic compounds for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion via their estrogenic receptor properties and neuron-modulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The detailed mechanism of the protective effects of simple O-substituted isoflavones against cerebral ischemia reperfusion might be related to the PI3K/AKT/ERK/mTOR or GSK-3β pathway, eNOS/Keap1/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, TLRs/TIRAP/MyD88/NFκ-B pathway, and Bcl-2-regulated anti-apoptotic pathway. However, clinical trials are needed to verify their potential on cerebral ischemia reperfusion because past studies were conducted with rodents and prophylactic administration.
Collapse
|
41
|
Protective Effect of Neferine in Permanent Cerebral Ischemic Rats via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1348-1359. [PMID: 36018507 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Permanent cerebral ischemia is a consequence of prolonged cerebral artery occlusion that results in severe brain damage. Neurotoxicity occurring after ischemia can induce brain tissue damage by destroying cell organelles and their function. Neferine is a natural compound isolated from the seed embryos of the lotus plant and has broad pharmacological effects, including blockading of the calcium channels, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis. This study investigated the ability of neferine to reduce brain injury after permanent cerebral occlusion. Permanent cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by instigation of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 24 h. The rats were divided into 6 groups: sham, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), pMCAO with neferine and nimodipine treatment. To investigate the severity of the injury, the neurological deficit score and morphological alterations were investigated. After 24 h, the rats were evaluated to assess neurological deficit, infarct volume, morphological change, and the number of apoptotic cell deaths. In addition, the brain tissues were examined by western blot analysis to calculate the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The data showed that the neurological deficit scores and the infarct volume were significantly reduced in the neferine-treated rats compared to the vehicle group. Treatment with neferine significantly reduced oxidative stress with a measurable decrease in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), and calcium levels and an upregulation of Hsp70 expression. Neferine treatment also significantly decreased apoptosis, with a decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and an increase in Bcl-2. This study suggested that neferine had a neuroprotective effect on permanent cerebral ischemia in rats by diminishing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Le J, Xiao X, Zhang D, Feng Y, Wu Z, Mao Y, Mou C, Xie Y, Chen X, Liu H, Cui W. Neuroprotective Effects of an Edible Pigment Brilliant Blue FCF against Behavioral Abnormity in MCAO Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081018. [PMID: 36015166 PMCID: PMC9414705 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to hypoxia-induced neuronal death and behavioral abnormity, and is a major cause of death in the modern society. However, the treatments of this disease are limited. Brilliant Blue FCF (BBF) is an edible pigment used in the food industry that with multiple aromatic rings and sulfonic acid groups in its structure. BBF and its derivatives were proved to cross the blood-brain barrier and have advantages on the therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, BBF, but not its derivatives, significantly ameliorated chemical hypoxia-induced cell death in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. Moreover, protective effects of BBF were attributed to the inhibition of the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) pathways as evidenced by Western blotting analysis and specific inhibitors. Furthermore, BBF significantly reduced neurological and behavioral abnormity, and decreased brain infarct volume and cerebral edema induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) in rats. MCAO-induced increase of p-ERK in ischemic penumbra was reduced by BBF in rats. These results suggested that BBF prevented chemical hypoxia-induced otoxicity and MCAO-induced behavioral abnormity via the inhibition of the ERK and GSK3β pathways, indicating the potential use of BBF for treating ischemic stroke
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Cui
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-574-8760-9589
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Therapeutic Strategies in Huntington’s Disease: From Genetic Defect to Gene Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081895. [PMID: 36009443 PMCID: PMC9405755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 1 as the genetic defect causing Huntington’s disease almost 30 years ago, currently approved therapies provide only limited symptomatic relief and do not influence the age of onset or disease progression rate. Research has identified various intricate pathogenic cascades which lead to neuronal degeneration, but therapies interfering with these mechanisms have been marked by many failures and remain to be validated. Exciting new opportunities are opened by the emerging techniques which target the mutant protein DNA and RNA, allowing for “gene editing”. Although some issues relating to “off-target” effects or immune-mediated side effects need to be solved, these strategies, combined with stem cell therapies and more traditional approaches targeting specific pathogenic cascades, such as excitotoxicity and bioavailability of neurotrophic factors, could lead to significant improvement of the outcomes of treated Huntington’s disease patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Molecular Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061432. [PMID: 35740453 PMCID: PMC9219859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease described 150 years ago by George Huntington. The genetic defect was identified in 1993 to be an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 4. In the following almost 30 years, a considerable amount of research, using mainly animal models or in vitro experiments, has tried to unravel the complex molecular cascades through which the transcription of the mutant protein leads to neuronal loss, especially in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and identified excitotoxicity, transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired proteostasis, altered axonal trafficking and reduced availability of trophic factors to be crucial contributors. This review discusses the pathogenic cascades described in the literature through which mutant huntingtin leads to neuronal demise. However, due to the ubiquitous presence of huntingtin, astrocytes are also dysfunctional, and neuroinflammation may additionally contribute to Huntington’s disease pathology. The quest for therapies to delay the onset and reduce the rate of Huntington’s disease progression is ongoing, but is based on findings from basic research.
Collapse
|