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Liu H, Zhou L, Wang X, Lin Y, Yi P, Xiong Y, Zhan F, Zhou L, Dong Y, Ying J, Wu L, Xu G, Hua F. PIEZO1 as a new target for hyperglycemic stress-induced neuropathic injury: The potential therapeutic role of bezafibrate. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116837. [PMID: 38815290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemic stress can directly lead to neuronal damage. The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 can be activated in response to hyperglycemia, but its role in hyperglycemic neurotoxicity is unclear. The role of PIEZO1 in hyperglycemic neurotoxicity was explored by constructing a hyperglycemic mouse model and a high-glucose HT22 cell model. The results showed that PIEZO1 was significantly upregulated in response to high glucose stress. In vitro experiments have shown that high glucose stress induces changes in neuronal cell morphology and membrane tension, a key mechanism for PIEZO1 activation. In addition, high glucose stress upregulates serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) and activates PIEZO1 through the Ca2+ pool and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). PIEZO1-mediated Ca2+ influx further enhances SGK1 and SOCE, inducing intracellular Ca2+ peaks in neurons. PIEZO1 mediated intracellular Ca2+ elevation leads to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2α (CaMK2α) overactivation, which promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis signalling through p-CaMK2α/ERK/CREB and ox-CaMK2α/MAPK p38/NFκB p65 pathways, subsequently inducing synaptic damage and cognitive impairment in mice. The intron miR-107 of pantothenic kinase 1 (PANK1) is highly expressed in the brain and has been found to target PIEZO1 and SGK1. The PANK1 receptor is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), an activator known to upregulate miR-107 levels in the brain. The clinically used lipid-lowering drug bezafibrate, a known PPARα activator, may upregulate miR-107 through the PPARɑ/PANK1 pathway, thereby inhibiting PIEZO1 and improving hyperglycemia-induced neuronal cell damage. This study provides a new idea for the pathogenesis and drug treatment of hyperglycemic neurotoxicity and diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Ganjiang New Area Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fenfang Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanqian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Godzien J, Jablonowski K, Ruperez FJ, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M, Kalaska B. Metabolic profiling reveals the nutraceutical effect of Gongolaria abies-marina and Rosmarinus officinalis extracts in a type 1 diabetes animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116731. [PMID: 38761421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have gained increasing interest, prompting the need to investigate plant extracts for their beneficial properties and potential side effects. This study aimed to assess the nutraceutical effects of environmentally clean extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis and Gongolaria abies-marina (formerly Cystoseira abies-marina (Phaeophyceae)) on the metabolic profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We conducted untargeted LC-QTOF-MS metabolic profiling on six groups of rats: three diabetic groups receiving either a placebo, R. officinalis, or G. abies-marina extracts, and three corresponding control groups. The metabolic analysis revealed significant alterations in the levels of various glycerophospholipids, sterol lipids, and fatty acyls. Both extracts influenced the metabolic profile, partially mitigating diabetes-induced changes. Notably, G. abies-marina extract had a more pronounced impact on the animals' metabolic profiles compared to R. officinalis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that environmentally clean extracts from R. officinalis and G. abies-marina possess nutraceutical potential, as they were able to modulate the metabolic profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. G. abies-marina extract exhibited a more substantial effect on metabolic alterations induced by diabetes compared to R. officinalis. These results warrant further exploration of these plant extracts for their potential in managing diabetes-related metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Godzien
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Kacper Jablonowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Francisco J Ruperez
- CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis) Pharmacy Faculty, Campus Monteprincipe, San Pablo-CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Mu Y, Luo LB, Wu SJ, Gao Y, Qin XL, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yang J. Bezafibrate alleviates diabetes-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28284. [PMID: 38533024 PMCID: PMC10963653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic disorders caused by diabetes can lead to various complications, including male spermatogenesis dysfunction. Exploring effective therapeutics that attenuate diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced male subfertility is of great importance. Pharmaceuticals targeting PPARα activation such as bezafibrate have been regarded as an important strategy for patients with diabetes. In this study, we use streptozocin (STZ) injection to establish a type 1 DM mice model and use bezafibrate to treat DM mice and evaluate the effects of bezafibrate on the spermatogenic function of the DM male mice. Bezafibrate treatment exhibited protective effects on DM-induced spermatogenesis deficiency, as reflected by increased testis weight, improved histological morphology of testis, elevated sperm parameters, increased serum testosterone concentration as well as increased mRNA levels of steroidogenesis enzymes. Meanwhile, testicular cell apoptosis, inflammation accumulation and oxidative stress status were also shown to be alleviated by bezafibrate compared with the DM group. In vivo and in vitro studies, PPARα specific inhibitor and PPARα knockout mice were further used to investigate the role of PPARα in the protective effects of bezafibrate on DM-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction. Our results indicated that the protection of bezafibrate on DM-induced spermatogenesis deficiency was abrogated by PPARα inhibition or deletion. Our study suggested that bezafibrate administration could ameliorate DM-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction and may represent a novel practical strategy for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ling-Bo Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shu-juan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-lin Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Sulumer AN, Palabıyık E, Avcı B, Uguz H, Demir Y, Serhat Özaslan M, Aşkın H. Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 37749825 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhang X, Reichetzeder C, Liu Y, Hocher JG, Hasan AA, Lin G, Kleuser B, Hu L, Hocher B. Parental sex-dependent effects of either maternal or paternal eNOS deficiency on the offspring's phenotype without transmission of the parental eNOS deficiency to the offspring. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1306178. [PMID: 38169827 PMCID: PMC10758467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1306178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Preclinical animal studies and clinical studies indicate that both maternal as well as paternal genetic alterations/gene defects might affect the phenotype of the next-generation without transmissions of the affected gene. Currently, the question of whether the same genetic defect present in the mother or father leads to a similar phenotype in the offspring remains insufficiently elucidated. Methods: In this head-to-head study, we crossbred female and male mice with heterozygous endothelial eNOS knockout (eNOS+/-) with male and female wild-type (wt) mice, respectively. Subsequently, we compared the phenotype of the resulting wt offspring with that of wt offspring born to parents with no eNOS deficiency. Results: Wt female offspring of mothers with heterozygous eNOS showed elevated liver fat accumulation, while wt male offspring of fathers with heterozygous eNOS exhibited increased fasting insulin, heightened insulin levels after a glucose load, and elevated liver glycogen content. By quantitative mass-spectrometry it was shown that concentrations of six serum metabolites (lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20:3, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:2, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:1, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:1, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:3, and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:5 (PC ae C42:5) as well as four liver carbon metabolites (fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate and fumarate) were different between wt offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and wt offspring with eNOS+/- fathers. Importantly, fumarate was inversely correlated with the liver fat accumulation in female offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and increased liver glycogen in offspring of both sexes with eNOS+/- fathers. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the gene expression patterns were different between wt offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and those offspring with eNOS+/- fathers. Different gene expression patterns were correlated with different observed phenotypic changes in male/female offspring born to mothers or fathers with a heterozygous eNOS genotype. Conclusion: The identical parental genetic alteration (heterozygous eNOS deficiency), without being passed on to the offspring, results in distinct metabolic, liver phenotype, and gene expression pattern variations depending on whether the genetic alteration originated from the father or the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Liu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann-Georg Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Second Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ahmed A. Hasan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ge Lin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Hu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- IMD Berlin, Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
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Song Y, Sun W, Li W, Li W. Bezafibrate attenuates acute lung injury by preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in pulmonary epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110751. [PMID: 37567013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) serves as a common life-threatening clinical syndrome with high mortality rates, which is characterized by disturbed mitochondrial dynamics in pulmonary epithelial barrier. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is one of the critical nuclear receptors, exerting important roles in preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium. Previous studies have suggested that bezafibrate (BEZ), a PPAR-γ agonist, could improve obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we explored whether bezafibrate could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. Using C57BL/6 mice exposed to LPS, we observed that BEZ pretreatment (100 mg/kg) for 7 days decreased lung pathologic injury, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed inflammation and apoptosis, accompanied by shifting the dynamic course of mitochondria from fission into fusion. Meanwhile, we observed that BEZ could reverse the inhibition of PPAR-γ in lung tissues from LPS-treated mice. In vitro experiments also disclosed that BEZ could improve cell viability in primary pulmonary epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. And BEZ (80 μM) treatment could not only inhibit oxidative stress but also preserve mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in primary pulmonary epithelial cells. However, PPAR-γ knockdown partially abolished BEZ-mediated antioxidation and completely offset its regulatory effects on mitochondrial dynamics in primary pulmonary epithelial cells. In PPAR-γ-deficient mice, BEZ lost its pulmonary protection including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in mice with ALI. Taken together, BEZ could attenuate ALI by preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in pulmonary epithelial cells in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyiyan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 6 Panxi Qizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing City 400021, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, PR China.
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Wang Q, Han W, Ma C, Wang T, Zhong J. Western blot normalization: Time to choose a proper loading control seriously. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:854-863. [PMID: 36645159 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has questioned the validity of housekeeping proteins in Western blot. Our present study proposed new ideas for Western blot normalization that improved the reproducibility of scientific research. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the web tool GEO2R to exclude unstable housekeeping genes quickly. In ischemic heart tissues, actin and tubulin changed significantly, whereas no statistically significant changes were observed in the expression of genes relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Besides, the reliability of GAPDH was further examined by Western blot. Additionally, unstable housekeeping genes were found in other animal models of cardiovascular medicine. We also found that sodium dodecyl sulfate and temperature significantly impacted the results of Ponceau S staining. Membranes stained with Ponceau S after immunodetection could avoid this interference, and the coefficients of variation for post-immunodetection staining are lower than those produced by GAPDH immunodetection. Overall, we described a new use of differential gene expression analysis and proposed a modified Ponceau S staining method, which provided researchers with a proper loading control for Western blot and hence could improve reproducibility in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jingquan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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