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Szalanczy AM, Sherrill C, Fanning KM, Hart B, Caudell D, Davis AW, Whitfield J, Kavanagh K. A Novel TGFβ Receptor Inhibitor, IPW-5371, Prevents Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Irradiated Mice. Radiat Res 2024; 202:1-10. [PMID: 38772553 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
As the number of cancer survivors increases and the risk of accidental radiation exposure rises, there is a pressing need to characterize the delayed effects of radiation exposure and develop medical countermeasures. Radiation has been shown to damage adipose progenitor cells and increase liver fibrosis, such that it predisposes patients to developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and insulin resistance. The risk of developing these conditions is compounded by the global rise of diets rich in carbohydrates and fats. Radiation persistently increases the signaling cascade of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), leading to heightened fibrosis as characteristic of the delayed effects of radiation exposure. We investigate here a potential radiation medical countermeasure, IPW-5371, a small molecule inhibitor of TGFβRI kinase (ALK5). We found that mice exposed to sub-lethal whole-body irradiation and chronic Western diet consumption but treated with IPW-5371 had a similar body weight, food consumption, and fat mass compared to control mice exposed to radiation. The IPW-5371 treated mice maintained lower fibrosis and fat accumulation in the liver, were more responsive to insulin and had lower circulating triglycerides and better muscle endurance. Future studies are needed to verify the improvement by IPW-5371 on the structure and function of other metabolically active tissues such as adipose and skeletal muscle, but these data demonstrate that IPW-5371 protects liver and whole-body health in rodents exposed to radiation and a Western diet, and there may be promise in using IPW-5371 to prevent the development of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chrissy Sherrill
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katherine M Fanning
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barry Hart
- Innovation Pathways, Palo Alto, California
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ashley W Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jordyn Whitfield
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- College of Health and Medicine, University o f Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Broberg O, Weismann CG, Øra I, Wiebe T, Laaksonen R, Liuba P. Ceramides: a potential cardiovascular biomarker in young adult childhood cancer survivors? EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae026. [PMID: 38659666 PMCID: PMC11042783 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to investigate circulating ceramides involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and their correlations to previously reported adverse cardiovascular changes in this cohort. Methods and results Fifty-seven CCS and 53 healthy controls (age 20-30 years) were studied. Plasma long-chain ceramides, known to be cardiotoxic (C16:0, C18:0, C24:0, and C24:1), were analysed by mass spectrometry. The coronary event risk test 2 (CERT2) score was calculated from the ceramide data. Cardiac and carotid artery ultrasound data and lipid data available from previous studies of this cohort were used to study partial correlations with ceramide and CERT2 score data. All four analysed ceramides were elevated in CCS compared with controls (P ≤ 0.012). The greatest difference was noted for C18:0, which was 33% higher in CCS compared with controls adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001). The CERT2 score was higher in CCS compared with controls (P < 0.001). In the CCS group, 35% had a high to very high CERT2 score (7-12) when compared with 9% in the control group (P < 0.001). The CCS subgroup with a CERT2 score ≥ 7 had higher heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and higher levels of apolipoprotein B compared with CCS with a CERT2 score < 6 (P ≤ 0.011). When adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, CERT2 score was significantly correlated with arterial stiffness, growth hormone, and cranial radiotherapy (P < 0.044). Conclusion Ceramides could be important biomarkers in understanding the pathophysiology of CVD and in predicting CVD disease risk in young adult CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Broberg
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lasarettgatan 48, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettgatan 40, SE-221 45 Lund, Sweden
| | - Constance G Weismann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lasarettgatan 48, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettgatan 40, SE-221 45 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, DE-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettgatan 40, SE-221 45 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lasarettgatan 48, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettgatan 40, SE-221 45 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lasarettgatan 48, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014, Finland
- Zora Biosciences, Biologinkuja 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Petru Liuba
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lasarettgatan 48, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, Lasarettgatan 40, SE-221 45 Lund, Sweden
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Guida F, Andreozzi L, Zama D, Prete A, Masetti R, Fabi M, Lanari M. Innovative strategies to predict and prevent the risk for malnutrition in child, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1332881. [PMID: 38188871 PMCID: PMC10771315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1332881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Children, adolescents, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYAs) constitute a growing population requiring a customized approach to mitigate the incidence of severe complications throughout their lifetimes. During cancer treatment, CAYAs cancer survivors undergo significant disruptions in their nutritional status, elevating the risks of mortality, morbidity, and cardiovascular events. The assessment of nutritional status during cancer treatment involves anthropometric and dietary evaluations, emphasizing the necessity for regular assessments and the timely identification of risk factors. Proactive nutritional interventions, addressing both undernutrition and overnutrition, should be tailored to specific age groups and incorporate a family-centered approach. Despite encouraging interventions, a notable evidence gap persists. The goal of this review is to comprehensively examine the existing evidence on potential nutritional interventions for CAYAs cancer survivors. We explore the evidence so far collected on the nutritional intervention strategies elaborated for CAYAs cancer survivors that should target both undernutrition and overnutrition, being age-specific and involving a family-based approach. Furthermore, we suggest harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to anticipate and prevent malnutrition in CAYAs cancer survivors, contributing to the identification of novel risk factors and promoting proactive, personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorentina Guida
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Andreozzi
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seragnoli", Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seragnoli", Pediatric Unit-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Fabi
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Chorya H, Coloma HS, Cortiana V, Joshi M, Menon GP, Balasubramanian M, Park CH, Leyfman Y. The Potential of Lifestyle Medicine: Strategies to Optimize Health and Well-Being in Oncology Care with Dr. Amy Comander. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5323. [PMID: 38001584 PMCID: PMC10670222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of lifestyle medicine in cancer care and survivorship is undergoing significant transformation, presenting both challenges and opportunities. This collection of insights and reflections by an esteemed speaker aims to address critical facets of this evolving landscape and the intersection of healthcare, lifestyle, and cancer. With a focus on optimizing the health of cancer survivors, the speaker emphasizes the correlation between general population health and strategies for mitigating cancer risk. Evidence-based resources have a key role in their comprehensive insights into lifestyle changes' role in cancer prevention and survivorship. Lifestyle interventions also have a promising role in mitigating the late effects in the pediatric context. Therefore, encouraging the early adoption of healthy practices in childhood cancer survivors emerges as a pivotal strategy. Furthermore, challenges in enhancing education and access to lifestyle medicine are addressed. This highlights the importance of patient-centered communication, motivational interviewing, and personalized guidance in facilitating lifestyle changes with patients. Finally, the role of nutritionists in advising breast cancer patients to consider calorie restriction to lower IGF-1 levels is explored. This collection underscores the multifaceted nature of lifestyle medicine in cancer care, highlighting challenges, opportunities, and the transformative power of passion and curiosity in shaping healthcare careers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viviana Cortiana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Muskan Joshi
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Yan Leyfman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai South Nassau, Oceanside, NY 11572, USA
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