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Compeer B, Neijzen TR, van Lelyveld SFL, Martina BEE, Russell CA, Goeijenbier M. Uncovering the Contrasts and Connections in PASC: Viral Load and Cytokine Signatures in Acute COVID-19 versus Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Biomedicines 2024; 12:1941. [PMID: 39335455 PMCID: PMC11428903 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent global COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and enduring impact, resulting in substantial loss of life. The scientific community has responded unprecedentedly by investigating various aspects of the crisis, particularly focusing on the acute phase of COVID-19. The roles of the viral load, cytokines, and chemokines during the acute phase and in the context of patients who experienced enduring symptoms upon infection, so called Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 or PASC, have been studied extensively. Here, in this review, we offer a virologist's perspective on PASC, highlighting the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, cytokines, and chemokines in different organs of patients across the full clinical spectrum of acute-phase disease. We underline that the probability of severe or critical disease progression correlates with increased viral load levels detected in the upper respiratory tract (URT), lower respiratory tract (LRT), and plasma. Acute-phase viremia is a clear, although not unambiguous, predictor of PASC development. Moreover, both the quantity and diversity of functions of cytokines and chemokines increase with acute-phase disease severity. Specific cytokines remain or become elevated in the PASC phase, although the driving factor of ongoing inflammation found in patients with PASC remains to be investigated. The key findings highlighted in this review contribute to a further understanding of PASC and their differences and overlap with acute disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Compeer
- Artemis Bioservices B.V., 2629 JD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias R Neijzen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (UMC, Amsterdam), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Ozhava D, Lee K, Bektas C, Jackson A, Patel K, Mao Y. Optimized Adipogenic Differentiation and Delivery of Bovine Umbilical Cord Stem Cells for Cultivated Meat. Gels 2024; 10:488. [PMID: 39195017 DOI: 10.3390/gels10080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat, also known as cell-based or clean meat, utilizes mesenchymal stem cells to cultivate mature cell types like adipocytes, which are pivotal for imparting the desired taste and texture. The delivery of differentiated cells, crucial in cultivated meat production, is facilitated through extensive exploration of 3D culturing techniques mimicking physiological environments. In this study, we investigated the adipogenic differentiation potential of bovine umbilical cord stem cells (BUSCs), sourced from discarded birth tissue, and assessed the feasibility of delivering differentiated cells for cultivated meat using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) as a carrier for adipose tissue. Various adipogenic inducers, previously reported to be effective for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), were evaluated individually or in combination for their efficacy in promoting the adipogenesis of BUSCs. Surprisingly, while the traditional adipogenic inducers, including insulin, dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxantine (IBMX), indomethacin, and rosiglitazone, showed no significant effect on the adipogenic differentiation of BUSCs, efficient differentiation was achieved in the presence of a fatty acid cocktail. Furthermore, we explored methods for the delivery of BUSCs. Differentiated cells were delivered either encapsulated in GelMA hydrogel or populated on the surface of GelMA microparticles (MPs) as the adipose component of cultivated meat. Our findings reveal that after adipogenic induction, the lipid production per cell was comparable when cultured either within hydrogel or on MPs. However, GelMA-MPs supported better cell growth compared to hydrogel encapsulation. Consequently, the overall lipid production is higher when BUSCs are delivered via GelMA-MPs rather than encapsulation. This study not only systematically evaluated the impact of common adipogenic inducers on BUSCs, but also identified GelMA-MPs as a promising carrier for delivering bovine adipocytes for cultivated meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozhava
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathleen Lee
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cemile Bektas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anisha Jackson
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Krishi Patel
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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3
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Nguyen TV, Trang PN, Kumar A. Understanding PFAS toxicity through cell culture metabolomics: Current applications and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108620. [PMID: 38579451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, pose significant challenges to ecosystems and human health. While cell cultures have emerged as new approach methodologies (NAMs) in ecotoxicity research, metabolomics is an emerging technique used to characterize the small-molecule metabolites present in cells and to understand their role in various biological processes. Integration of metabolomics with cell cultures, known as cell culture metabolomics, provides a novel and robust tool to unravel the complex molecular responses induced by PFAS exposure. In vitro testing also reduces reliance on animal testing, aligning with ethical and regulatory imperatives. The current review summarizes key findings from recent studies utilizing cell culture metabolomics to investigate PFAS toxicity, highlighting alterations in metabolic pathways, biomarker identification, and the potential linkages between metabolic perturbations. Additionally, the paper discusses different types of cell cultures and metabolomics methods used for studies of environmental contaminants and particularly PFAS. Future perspectives on the combination of metabolomics with other advanced technologies, such as single-cell metabolomics (SCM), imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), extracellular flux analysis (EFA), and multi-omics are also explored, which offers a holistic understanding of environmental contaminants. The synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps provide a foundation for future investigations that aim to elucidate the complexities of PFAS-induced cellular responses and contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating their adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam.
| | - Anu Kumar
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waite Campus, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Kim S, Lee SY, Seo HR. Deciphering the underlying mechanism of liver diseases through utilization of multicellular hepatic spheroid models. BMB Rep 2023; 56:225-233. [PMID: 36814078 PMCID: PMC10140482 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very common form of cancer worldwide and is often fatal. Although the histopathology of HCC is characterized by metabolic pathophysiology, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, the focus of treatment has been on eliminating HCC. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) multicellular hepatic spheroid (MCHS) models have provided a) new therapeutic strategies for progressive fibrotic liver diseases, such as antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory drugs, b) molecular targets, and c) treatments for metabolic dysregulation. MCHS models provide a potent anti-cancer tool because they can mimic a) tumor complexity and heterogeneity, b) the 3D context of tumor cells, and c) the gradients of physiological parameters that are characteristic of tumors in vivo. However, the information provided by an multicelluar tumor spheroid (MCTS) model must always be considered in the context of tumors in vivo. This mini-review summarizes what is known about tumor HCC heterogeneity and complexity and the advances provided by MCHS models for innovations in drug development to combat liver diseases. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(4): 225-233].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Kim
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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5
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids: Their Implication in COVID-19 Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043459. [PMID: 36834870 PMCID: PMC9961667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant global health issue. This novel virus's high morbidity and mortality rates have prompted the scientific community to quickly find the best COVID-19 model to investigate all pathological processes underlining its activity and, more importantly, search for optimal drug therapy with minimal toxicity risk. The gold standard in disease modeling involves animal and monolayer culture models; however, these models do not fully reflect the response to human tissues affected by the virus. However, more physiological 3D in vitro culture models, such as spheroids and organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could serve as promising alternatives. Different iPSC-derived organoids, such as lung, cardiac, brain, intestinal, kidney, liver, nasal, retinal, skin, and pancreatic organoids, have already shown immense potential in COVID-19 modeling. In the present comprehensive review article, we summarize the current knowledge on COVID-19 modeling and drug screening using selected iPSC-derived 3D culture models, including lung, brain, intestinal, cardiac, blood vessels, liver, kidney, and inner ear organoids. Undoubtedly, according to reviewed studies, organoids are the state-of-the-art approach to COVID-19 modeling.
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Wanigasekara J, Cullen PJ, Bourke P, Tiwari B, Curtin JF. Advances in 3D culture systems for therapeutic discovery and development in brain cancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103426. [PMID: 36332834 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in 3D culture systems that promise more accurate therapeutic models of the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor microenvironment (TME), such as the unique anatomical, cellular, and molecular features evident in human GBM. The key components of a GBM TME are outlined, including microbiomes, vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), infiltrating parenchymal and peripheral immune cells and molecules, and chemical gradients. 3D culture systems are evaluated against 2D culture systems and in vivo animal models. The main 3D culture techniques available are compared, with an emphasis on identifying key gaps in knowledge for the development of suitable platforms to accurately model the intricate components of the GBM TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Wanigasekara
- BioPlasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Bourke
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brijesh Tiwari
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F Curtin
- BioPlasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Badillo-Mata JA, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH. 3D Cell Culture as Tools to Characterize Rheumatoid Arthritis Signaling and Development of New Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:3410. [PMID: 36359806 PMCID: PMC9656230 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders affecting 0.5-1% of the population worldwide. As a disease of multifactorial etiology, its constant study has made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological processes that cause the illness. However, efficient and validated disease models are necessary to continue the search for new disease-modulating drugs. Technologies, such as 3D cell culture and organ-on-a-chip, have contributed to accelerating the prospecting of new therapeutic molecules and even helping to elucidate hitherto unknown aspects of the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. These technologies, where medicine and biotechnology converge, can be applied to understand RA. This review discusses the critical elements of RA pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. Next, we discuss 3D cell culture and apply these methodologies for rheumatological diseases and selected models for RA. Finally, we summarize the application of 3D cell culture for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Badillo-Mata
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Tanya Amanda Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pavel Hayl Lugo-Fabres
- CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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A Comparative Study on the Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in 2D and 3D Culture. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081313. [PMID: 35455993 PMCID: PMC9029885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of renewing the progenitor cell fraction or differentiating in a tissue-specific manner. Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived MSC (adMSC) is important in various pathological processes. Adipocytes and their progenitors are metabolically active and secrete molecules (adipokines) that have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. Cell culturing in 2D is commonly used to study cellular responses, but the 2D environment does not reflect the structural situation for most cell types. Therefore, 3D culture systems have been developed to create an environment considered more physiological. Since knowledge about the effects of 3D cultivation on adipogenic differentiation is limited, we investigated its effects on adipogenic differentiation and adipokine release of adMSC (up to 28 days) and compared these with the effects in 2D. We demonstrated that cultivation conditions are crucial for cell behavior: in both 2D and 3D culture, adipogenic differentiation occurred only after specific stimulation. While the size and structure of adipogenically stimulated 3D spheroids remained stable during the experiment, the unstimulated spheroids showed signs of disintegration. Adipokine release was dependent on culture dimensionality; we found upregulated adiponectin and downregulated pro-inflammatory factors. Our findings are relevant for cell therapeutic applications of adMSC in complex, three-dimensionally arranged tissues.
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Goldstein ME, Scull MA. Modeling Innate Antiviral Immunity in Physiological Context. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167374. [PMID: 34863779 PMCID: PMC8940657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An effective innate antiviral response is critical for the mitigation of severe disease and host survival following infection. In vivo, the innate antiviral response is triggered by cells that detect the invading pathogen and then communicate through autocrine and paracrine signaling to stimulate the expression of genes that inhibit viral replication, curtail cell proliferation, or modulate the immune response. In other words, the innate antiviral response is complex and dynamic. Notably, in the laboratory, culturing viruses and assaying viral life cycles frequently utilizes cells that are derived from tissues other than those that support viral replication during natural infection, while the study of viral pathogenesis often employs animal models. In recapitulating the human antiviral response, it is important to consider that variation in the expression and function of innate immune sensors and antiviral effectors exists across species, cell types, and cell differentiation states, as well as when cells are placed in different contexts. Thus, to gain novel insight into the dynamics of the host response and how specific sensors and effectors impact infection kinetics by a particular virus, the model system must be selected carefully. In this review, we briefly introduce key signaling pathways involved in the innate antiviral response and highlight how these differ between systems. We then review the application of tissue-engineered or 3D models for studying the antiviral response, and suggest how these in vitro culture systems could be further utilized to assay physiologically-relevant host responses and reveal novel insight into virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty E Goldstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Bioscience Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Margaret A Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Bioscience Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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An Adverse Outcomes Approach to Study the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in 3D Organoid Models. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167213. [PMID: 34437890 PMCID: PMC8381630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak is the major cause of a respiratory disease known as COVID-19. It has caused a global pandemic and has resulted in mortality in millions. The primary mode of infection is respiratory ailments, however, due to multi-organ complications, COVID-19 patients displays a greater mortality numbers. Due to the 3Rs Principle (Refine, Reduce, Replacement), the scientific community has shifted its focus to 3D organoid models rather than testing animal models. 3D organoid models provide a better physiological architecture as it mimics the real tissue microenvironment and is the best platform to recapitulate organs in a dish. Hence, the organoid approach provides a more realistic drug response in comparison to the traditional 2D cellular models, which lack key physiological relevance due to the absence of proper surface topography and cellular interactions. Furthermore, an adverse outcome pathway (AOPs) provides a best fit model to identify various molecular and cellular events during the exposure of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, 3D organoid research provides information related to gene expression, cell behavior, antiviral studies and ACE2 expression in various organs. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art lung, liver and kidney 3D organoid system utilizing the AOPs to study SARS-CoV-2 molecular pathogenesis. Furthermore, current challenges are discussed for future application of 3D organoid systems for various disease states.
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Sogomonyan AS, Shipunova VO, Soloviev VD, Larionov VI, Kotelnikova PA, Deyev SM. 3D Models of Cellular Spheroids As a Universal Tool for Studying the Cytotoxic Properties of Anticancer Compounds In Vitro. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:92-100. [PMID: 35441052 PMCID: PMC9013434 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a 3D cell culture model based on cell spheroids for predicting the functional activity of various compounds in vivo. Agarose gel molds were made using 3D printing. The solidified agarose gel is a matrix consisting of nine low-adhesive U-shaped microwells of 2.3 × 3.3 mm for 3D cell spheroid formation and growth. This matrix is placed into a single well of a 12-well plate. The effectiveness of the cell culture method was demonstrated using human ovarian carcinoma SKOVip-kat cells stably expressing the red fluorescent protein Katushka in the cytoplasm and overexpressing the membrane-associated tumor marker HER2. The SKOVip-kat cell spheroids were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The cell concentration required for the formation of same-shape and same-size spheroids with tight intercellular contacts was optimized. To verify the developed model, the cytotoxicity of the targeted immunotoxin anti-HER2 consisting of the anti-HER2 scaffold DARP 9_29 and a fragment of the Pseudomonas aeroginosa exotoxin, DARP-LoPE, was studied in 2D and 3D SKOVip-kat cell cultures. The existence of a difference in the cytotoxic properties of DARP-LoPE between the 2D and 3D cultures has been demonstrated: the IC50 value in the 3D culture is an order of magnitude higher than that in the monolayer culture. The present work describes a universal tool for 3D cultivation of mammalian cells based on reusable agarose gel molds that allows for reproducible formation of multicellular spheroids with tight contacts for molecular and cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Sogomonyan
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, (PhysBio), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - V. O. Shipunova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, (PhysBio), Moscow, 115409 Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - V. D. Soloviev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - V. I. Larionov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - P. A. Kotelnikova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Russia
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, (PhysBio), Moscow, 115409 Russia
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Salado-Leza D, Gonzalez C, Martínez Velázquez M, López Z, Bravo-Madrigal J, Knauth P, Flores-Hernández FY, Herrera-Rodríguez SE, Navarro RE, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Krötzsch E, Carvajal ZYG, Hernández-Gutiérrez R. Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Evaluation Models and Cancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1719. [PMID: 34684012 PMCID: PMC8537602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles are widely used to deliver bioactive molecules and drugs to improve cancer therapy. Several research works have highlighted the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry, using biological entities to minimize the use of solvents and control their physicochemical and biological properties. Recent advances in evaluating the anticancer effect of green biogenic Au and Ag nanoparticles are mainly focused on the use of conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo murine models that allow determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, a critical parameter to move forward clinical trials. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more human-like evaluation models or to improve the existing ones for a better understanding of the molecular bases of cancer. This review provides recent advances in biosynthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles for seven of the most common and relevant cancers and their biological assessment. In addition, it provides a general idea of the in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used for the anticancer evaluation of green biogenic metal-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Daniela Salado-Leza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
- Cátedras CONACyT, México City 03940, Mexico
| | - Carmen Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Zaira López
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jorge Bravo-Madrigal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Peter Knauth
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Flor Y. Flores-Hernández
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Sara Elisa Herrera-Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rosa E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Zaira Y. García Carvajal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
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Grebennikov D, Kholodareva E, Sazonov I, Karsonova A, Meyerhans A, Bocharov G. Intracellular Life Cycle Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Predicted Using Mathematical Modelling. Viruses 2021; 13:1735. [PMID: 34578317 PMCID: PMC8473439 DOI: 10.3390/v13091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a global threat to human health. Various approaches were employed to reveal the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19. Mathematical and computational modelling is a powerful tool to describe and analyze the infection dynamics in relation to a plethora of processes contributing to the observed disease phenotypes. In our study here, we formulate and calibrate a deterministic model of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. It provides a kinetic description of the major replication stages of SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity analysis of the net viral progeny with respect to model parameters enables the identification of the life cycle stages that have the strongest impact on viral replication. These three most influential parameters are (i) degradation rate of positive sense vRNAs in cytoplasm (negative effect), (ii) threshold number of non-structural proteins enhancing vRNA transcription (negative effect), and (iii) translation rate of non-structural proteins (positive effect). The results of our analysis could be used for guiding the search for antiviral drug targets to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Grebennikov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at INM RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kholodareva
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Igor Sazonov
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at INM RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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