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Wang H, Wu J, Lin M, Hu Y, Ma Y. High levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may increase the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15362. [PMID: 38965304 PMCID: PMC11224420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is an important risk factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether higher HDL-C levels decrease the risk of developing DKD remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between HDL-C levels and DKD risk in individuals with T2D in China. In total, 936 patients with T2D were divided into DKD and non-DKD groups. The association between HDL-C levels and DKD risk was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline curves adjusted for potential confounders. Threshold effect analysis of HDL-C for DKD risk was also performed. Higher HDL-C levels did not consistently decrease the DKD risk. Furthermore, a nonlinear association with threshold interval effects between HDL-C levels and the incidence of DKD was observed. Patients with HDL-C ≤ 0.94 mmol/L or HDL-C > 1.54 mmol/L had significantly higher DKD risk after adjusting for confounding factors. Interestingly, the association between high HDL-C levels and increased DKD risk was more significant in women. A U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and DKD risk was observed; therefore, low and high HDL-C levels may increase the DKD risk in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Renming Road, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Renming Road, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meili Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Renming Road, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Renming Road, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yongjun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Renming Road, Jinhua City, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Centner AM, Shiel EA, Farra W, Cannon EN, Landim-Vieira M, Salazar G, Chelko SP. High-Fat Diet Augments Myocardial Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2024; 16:2087. [PMID: 38999835 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a familial heart disease characterized by cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and myocardial inflammation. Exercise and stress can influence the disease's progression. Thus, an investigation of whether a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to ACM pathogenesis is warranted. In a robust ACM mouse model, 8-week-old Desmoglein-2 mutant (Dsg2mut/mut) mice were fed either an HFD or rodent chow for 8 weeks. Chow-fed wildtype (WT) mice served as controls. Echo- and electrocardiography images pre- and post-dietary intervention were obtained, and the lipid burden, inflammatory markers, and myocardial fibrosis were assessed at the study endpoint. HFD-fed Dsg2mut/mut mice showed numerous P-wave perturbations, reduced R-amplitude, left ventricle (LV) remodeling, and reduced ejection fraction (%LVEF). Notable elevations in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed, which correlated with the %LVEF. The myocardial inflammatory adipokines, adiponectin (AdipoQ) and fibroblast growth factor-1, were substantially elevated in HFD-fed Dsg2mut/mut mice, albeit no compounding effect was observed in cardiac fibrosis. The HFD not only potentiated cardiac dysfunction but additionally promoted adverse cardiac remodeling. Further investigation is warranted, particularly given elevated AdipoQ levels and the positive correlation of HDL with the %LVEF, which may suggest a protective effect. Altogether, the HFD worsened some, but not all, disease phenotypes in Dsg2mut/mut mice. Notwithstanding, diet may be a modifiable environmental factor in ACM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Centner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Emily A Shiel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Waleed Farra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Elisa N Cannon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Stephen P Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Mantadaki AE, Linardakis M, Tsakiri M, Baliou S, Fragkiadaki P, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis MN, Tsatsakis A, Symvoulakis EK. Benefits of Quercetin on Glycated Hemoglobin, Blood Pressure, PiKo-6 Readings, Night-Time Sleep, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3504. [PMID: 38930033 PMCID: PMC11205103 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a rapidly growing global morbidity issue with high prevalence, and the associated dysglycemia leads to complications. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience elevated anxiety levels, affecting their quality of life and diabetes management. This study investigated quercetin, a nutraceutical and potential senolytic with antioxidant activity, to detect its possible positive effect on the bio-clinical measurements and routine health of patients with T2DM. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated the clinical usefulness of quercetin in patients with T2DM receiving non-insulin medications. One hundred participants were stratified by age and sex (1:1) and randomized to control (n = 50) or intervention (n = 50) groups. The control received standard care only, while the intervention received 500 mg quercetin daily for 12 weeks, followed by an 8-week washout and a final consecutive 12-week supplementation period (total: 32 weeks), as adjunct to their usual care. Comprehensive health assessments, including blood analyses, were conducted at baseline and study termination. Quality of life and anxiety were assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST-10). Results: Eighty-eight patients with T2DM concluded the trial. Compared with the control, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels showed a significant decrease (Δ%-change: -4.0% vs. 0.1%, p = 0.011). Quercetin also significantly improved PiKo-6 readings (FEV1: 5.6% vs. -1.5%, p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (-5.0% vs. -0.2%, p = 0.029), night-time sleep (11.6% vs. -7.3%, p < 0.001), anxiety levels (SAST-10) (-26.2% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001), and quality of life (SF-36) (both physical and mental components, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the current open-label study, quercetin appears to be a promising supplement for T2DM, providing lifestyle and care support. Further research is warranted to shift this potential from clinical usefulness and feasibility to multidisciplinary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini E. Mantadaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.L.); (E.K.S.)
| | - Manolis Linardakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.L.); (E.K.S.)
| | - Maria Tsakiri
- Iatrica, Local Unit of Lab Analysis and Diagnostics Network, 71303 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stella Baliou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece or (S.B.); (P.F.); (E.V.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece or (S.B.); (P.F.); (E.V.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece or (S.B.); (P.F.); (E.V.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece or (S.B.); (P.F.); (E.V.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece or (S.B.); (P.F.); (E.V.); (M.N.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.L.); (E.K.S.)
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Shen X, Guo G, Feng G, Wang Z. Effects of Different Carbohydrate Content Diet on Gut Microbiota and Aortic Calcification in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2327-2346. [PMID: 38881695 PMCID: PMC11178077 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular calcification is a major cause of cardiovascular accidents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the impact of carbohydrates on gut microbiota and aortic calcification in diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Methods The diabetic ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: ketogenic diet group, low carbohydrate diet group, medium carbohydrate diet group, and high carbohydrate diet group. The mice were fed continuously for 6 months, with blood glucose, blood ketone and body weight monitored monthly. Lipid metabolism indicators and inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. The intestinal barrier, atherosclerotic lesion areas, and vascular calcifications were analyzed based on their morphology. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA genes. Results We found that ketogenic diet played some roles improving glucose, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Ketogenic diet could improve the intestinal barrier to some extent and increase intestinal bacteria. Compared to the other three groups, the relative abundance of genus Allobaculum, species Blautia producta and Clostridium Ramosum in the ketogenic diet group was significantly increased (P <0.05), which has protective effects in diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Conclusion Ketogenic diet could delay the onset of aortic atherosclerosis, aortic calcification and improve intestinal barrier function in diabetic ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Feng
- Imaging Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
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Hong J, Shi Y, Xu F, Chen J, Mi M, Ren Q, Kang Y. Integration of Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Identifies the Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis as Potential Mechanisms of Konjac Glucomannan against Hepatic Steatosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38833514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by substantial disruption in the liver's lipid level regulation. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is acknowledged as a nutritious food that has the potential to prevent hyperlipidemia. This study utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to investigate the efficacy of KGM in alleviating high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid homeostasis. The findings indicated that supplementation of KGM for a duration of 10 weeks led to significant decreases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat tissue weight. Furthermore, improvements in lipid concentrations in plasma and liver samples were observed, along with enhancements in glucose tolerance and the mitigation of liver damage. Additionally, lipidomics analysis revealed that the primary differential lipid metabolites were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed that KGM significantly altered the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the liver. Moreover, KGM demonstrated a significant regulatory impact on the hepatic expression of PPARγ, potentially mitigating hepatic steatosis through modulation of the PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism pathway. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KGM effectively mitigates steatosis by modulating hepatic lipid metabolites and controlling PPARγ-mediated genes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hong
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Fengzhuo Xu
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Department of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa 850000, Xizang, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang Y, Peng S, Dong S, Wang J, Cao Y, Ma Y, Wang C. Fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, altered milk composition in lactating sows and fecal microbial composition in piglets. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:883-895. [PMID: 38419529 PMCID: PMC11065713 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a fatty acid-balanced oil, instead of soybean oil, on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes, milk composition in lactating sows, and fecal microbial composition in piglets. METHODS Twenty-four sows (Landrace×Yorkshire, mean parity 4.96) were randomly allotted to two treatments with twelve pens per treatment and one sow per pen based on their backfat thickness and parity. The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation, lasting for 28 days. The control group (CG) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2% soybean oil and the experimental group (EG) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fatty acid-balanced oil. RESULTS The fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy in sows. The lower (p<0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels of sows were observed in the EG on day 21 of lactation. Dietary supplementation with the fatty acid-balanced oil decreased the fat content, increased the immunoglobulin G level, and changed (p<0.05) some fatty acid content in milk. Moreover, the fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation changed (p<0.05) the fecal microbial composition of piglets, where the average relative abundance of Spirochaetota was decreased (p<0.05) by 0.55% at the phylum level, and the average relative abundance of some potentially pathogenic fecal microorganism was decreased (p<0.05) at the species level. CONCLUSION The fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, changed the serum biochemical indices and milk composition of sows, and ameliorated the fecal microbial composition of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Shuyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Shuang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Jihua Wang
- CALID BIOTECH (WUHAN) CO., LTD, Wuhan 430073,
China
| | - Yu Cao
- CALID BIOTECH (WUHAN) CO., LTD, Wuhan 430073,
China
| | - Yongxi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
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Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yau STY, Leung E, Wong MCS, Hung CT, Chong KC, Lee A, Yeoh EK. Metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles and subsequent site-specific risk of obesity-related cancers among Chinese patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082414. [PMID: 38569684 PMCID: PMC11146369 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles between patients with diabetes who developed different obesity-related site-specific cancers and those who remained free of cancer during follow-up. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Public general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Patients with diabetes without a history of malignancy (n=391 921). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes of interest were diagnosis of site-specific cancers (colon and rectum, liver, pancreas, bladder, kidney and stomach) during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to assess the associations between metabolic dysfunction and other clinical factors with each site-specific cancer. RESULTS Each 0.1 increase in waist-to-hip ratio was associated with an 11%-35% elevated risk of colorectal, bladder and liver cancers. Each 1% increase in glycated haemoglobin was linked to a 4%-9% higher risk of liver and pancreatic cancers. While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely associated with the risk of liver and pancreatic cancers, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with pancreatic, gastric and kidney cancers, but positively associated with liver cancer. Furthermore, liver cirrhosis was linked to a 56% increased risk of pancreatic cancer. No significant association between hypertension and cancer risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic dysfunction-associated profiles contribute to different obesity-related cancer outcomes differentially among patients with diabetes. This study may provide evidence to help identify cancer prevention targets during routine diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tsz Yui Yau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eman Leung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Chi Sang Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Tim Hung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Schreiner TG, Ignat BE, Grosu C, Costache AD, Leon MM, Mitu F. Lipid-Derived Biomarkers as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:561. [PMID: 38674207 PMCID: PMC11052465 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases are constantly increasing, with chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to current knowledge, the heart-brain axis is more than a theoretical concept, with many common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the onset and evolution of both coronary and cerebral ischemia. Moreover, the focus is on the prevention and early intervention of risk factors in searching for targeted and personalized medical treatment. In this context, this narrative review aims to offer, in a didactic and practice-oriented manner, an up-to-date overview of the role played by lipid-derived biomarkers (from low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to oxylipin and apolipoproteins) in chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Firstly, the authors highlight, via relevant epidemiological data, the significant burden of chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke in the general population, thus explaining the need for updated information on this topic. Subsequently, the most important lipid-derived biomarkers and their multiple roles in the pathogenesis of these two disorders are listed. Currently available and experimental targeted therapies based on these lipid-derived biomarkers are presented in the final part of this paper, representing this manuscript's original and novel input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Department of Medical Specialties III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- First Neurology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Emilian Ignat
- Department of Medical Specialties III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Neurology Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Grosu
- Department of Medical Specialties III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Neurology Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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Apalowo OE, Adegoye GA, Mbogori T, Kandiah J, Obuotor TM. Nutritional Characteristics, Health Impact, and Applications of Kefir. Foods 2024; 13:1026. [PMID: 38611332 PMCID: PMC11011999 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A global epidemiological shift has been observed in recent decades, characterized by an increase in age-related disorders, notably non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. An appreciable causal link between changes in the gut microbiota and the onset of these maladies has been recognized, offering an avenue for effective management. Kefir, a probiotic-enriched fermented food, has gained significance in this setting due to its promising resource for the development of functional or value-added food formulations and its ability to reshape gut microbial composition. This has led to increasing commercial interest worldwide as it presents a natural beverage replete with health-promoting microbes and several bioactive compounds. Given the substantial role of the gut microbiota in human health and the etiology of several diseases, we conducted a comprehensive synthesis covering a total of 33 investigations involving experimental animal models, aimed to elucidate the regulatory influence of bioactive compounds present in kefir on gut microbiota and their potential in promoting optimal health. This review underscores the outstanding nutritional properties of kefir as a central repository of bioactive compounds encompassing micronutrients and amino acids and delineates their regulatory effects at deficient, adequate, and supra-nutritional intakes on the gut microbiota and their broader physiological consequences. Furthermore, an investigation of putative mechanisms that govern the regulatory effects of kefir on the gut microbiota and its connections with various human diseases was discussed, along with potential applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Emmanuel Apalowo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Grace Adeola Adegoye
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Teresia Mbogori
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Jayanthi Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
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11
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Deng F, Jia F, Sun Y, Zhang L, Han J, Li D, Yang Q, Hou R, Jiang W. Predictive value of the serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for culprit plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:155. [PMID: 38481127 PMCID: PMC10935860 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia and low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are both risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The uric acid to HDL-C ratio (UHR) has recently been identified as a new inflammatory and metabolic biomarker. However, the relationship between the UHR and coronary culprit plaques has not been fully investigated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS A total of 346 patients with ACS were enrolled in this study. Culprit lesion characteristics were assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Logistic regression and linear correlation analyses were performed to assess the association between the UHR and culprit plaques. The predictive value of the UHR was investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The percentages of typical culprit plaques, including ruptures, erosions and thrombi, were greater in the high-UHR subgroup than those in the low-UHR subgroup. A positive relationship was also found between the UHR and diameter stenosis (r = 0.160, P = 0.003) and between the UHR and area stenosis (r = 0.145, P = 0.007). The UHR was found to be independently associated with plaque rupture, erosion and thrombus. Furthermore, ROC analysis suggested that the UHR had a better predictive value than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS An elevated UHR level was independently related to the occurrence rate of culprit plaques. The UHR is a simple and easily acquired parameter for detecting culprit plaques in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxue Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Luo J, Chen M, Ji H, Su W, Song W, Zhang D, Su W, Liu S. Hypolipidemic and Anti-Obesity Effect of Anserine on Mice Orally Administered with High-Fat Diet via Regulating SREBP-1, NLRP3, and UCP-1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300471. [PMID: 38400696 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of anserine on antiobesity, C57BL/6 mice are orally administered with a high-fat diet (HFD) and different doses of anserine (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks. Body weight, lipid, and epididymal fat content in mice are measured, and their liver damage is observed. The results display that the body weight, epididymal fat content, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content in anserine groups are decreased by 4.36-18.71%, 7.57-35.12%, and 24.32-44.40%, respectively. To further investigate the antiobesity mechanism of anserine, the expression of SREBP-1, NLRP3, NF-κB p65 (p65), and p-NF-κB p65 (p-p65) proteins in the liver and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1-α) and UCP-1 proteins in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is analyzed by Western blot. Results show that anserine can significantly decrease the expression of the NLRP3, p65, p-p65, and the SREBP-1 proteins and increase the expression of the PGC1-α and UCP-1 proteins. This study demonstrates that anserine lowered blood lipids and prevented obesity; its antiobesity mechanism may be related to the activation of brown fat by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic, Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Su
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic, Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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13
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Su J, Ma M, Lin X. Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2471-2478. [PMID: 37586923 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is a novel index of metabolism and inflammation proposed by recent studies. The prognostic value of UHR is undetermined in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of UHR with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CTO. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 566 patients with CTO lesion in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. Patients were divided into three groups based on UHR level. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as a combination of death, non-fatal MI, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and non-fatal stroke. The median follow-up time of this study was 43 months. During the follow-up, 107 (18.9%) MACEs were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival plots show the cumulative incidence of MACE-free decreased across tertile of UHR (log-rank test, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the Hazard ratio (95% CI) of MACE was 2.16 (1.17-3.99) in tertile 3 and 2.01 (1.62-2.49) for per SD increase in UHR. CONCLUSION Elevated UHR predicts an increasing risk of MACE in patients with CTO. UHR is a simple and reliable indicator for risk stratification and early intervention in CTO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Jiannan Su
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China.
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14
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Asante DB, Wiafe GA. Therapeutic Benefit of Vernonia amygdalina in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Associated Complications in Preclinical Studies. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3159352. [PMID: 38033739 PMCID: PMC10686711 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3159352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in the function of insulin, is on the rapid rise globally. Sustained hyperglycemia which is a major sign of DM is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species which promotes adverse complications of the disorder. Traditional herbal treatment of DM is a common practice in Africa and other tropical parts of the world. Vernonia amygdalina (VA), one of the highly researched species in the Asteraceae family, has proven to possess potent antidiabetic properties. Several phytochemicals identified in multiple extracts from VA are purported to be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of the plant. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of VA in diabetes and its associated complications. We appraise the current evidence and further suggest potential areas that could be effectively exploited in future VA research on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Bois Asante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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15
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Liao J, Liu Y, Yao Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W. Clostridium butyricum Strain CCFM1299 Reduces Obesity via Increasing Energy Expenditure and Modulating Host Bile Acid Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4339. [PMID: 37892414 PMCID: PMC10609426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing microorganism which has beneficial effects on various diseases, including obesity. In our previous study, the anti-obesity Clostridium butyricum strain CCFM1299 (C20_1_1) was selected, but its anti-obesity mechanism was not clarified. Herein, CCFM1299 was orally administrated to high-fat-diet-treated C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks to uncover the way the strain alleviates obesity. The results indicated that CCFM1299 alleviated obesity through increasing the energy expenditure and increasing the expression of genes related to thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Moreover, strain CCFM1299 could also affect the expression of immune-related genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). This immunomodulatory effect might be achieved through its influence on the complement system, as the expression of the complement factor D (CFD) gene decreased significantly. From the view of metabolites, CCFM1299 administration increased the levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in feces and taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) in serum. Together, the anti-obesity potential of CCFM1299 might be attributed to the increase in energy consumption, the regulation of immune-related gene expression in eWAT, and the alteration of bile acid metabolism in the host. These provided new insights into the potential application of anti-obesity microbial preparations and postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ye Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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16
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Saba SK, Godwin J, Hong SH, Pan T, Chang Y, Brindle E, Herrenkohl TI. Associations between childhood maltreatment and physiological dysregulation in adulthood: Methodological decisions and implications. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106369. [PMID: 37494760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is linked with health problems in adulthood. Theoretical models suggest that maltreatment leads to dysregulation in several bodily systems, and this has been corroborated using measures of physiological function (i.e., biomarkers). Methodological decisions involving the measurement of maltreatment and dimension reduction with respect to biomarkers (i.e., combining information across multiple measures) may influence research findings. OBJECTIVE The present study compares associations between childhood maltreatment and adult physiological dysregulation using multiple dimension reduction approaches and measures of maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were recruited, as children, to a prospective study of the correlates and consequences of childhood maltreatment. 253 participants were retained and provided biomarker data at midlife. Physiological dysregulation was operationalized with a conventional allostatic load approach and a novel statistical distance approach. METHODS Regression models were employed with allostatic load or statistical distance as the outcome and prospectively or retrospectively measured child maltreatment as the primary predictor. RESULTS When using allostatic load as the outcome, prospectively measured childhood maltreatment was positively associated with physiological dysregulation (b = 0.70, SE = 0.31, p = 0.02). When using statistical distance as the outcome, retrospectively measured childhood maltreatment was positively associated with physiological dysregulation (b = 0.69, SE = 0.19 p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report a positive association between childhood maltreatment and physiological dysregulation at midlife. However, the significance and magnitude of effects varied with different maltreatment and physiological dysregulation measures. Further review of the methods used to study adult health conditions and their relation to childhood maltreatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaddy K Saba
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W. 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Jessica Godwin
- University of Washington, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, 206 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Sunghyun H Hong
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Pan
- University of Washington, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, 206 Raitt Hall, Seattle, WA 98105, United States of America
| | - Yujeong Chang
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Brindle
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, United States of America
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
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Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Su J, Ma M, Lin X. The interaction between uric acid and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226108. [PMID: 37492158 PMCID: PMC10363914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of uric acid (UA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. This study investigated the effect of the interaction between UA and HDL-C on the prognosis of patients with AMI. Methods In total, 480 patients with AMI were included in this study. Baseline and follow-up data were collected, and the primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoint was all-cause death. Both additive and multiplicative interactions were calculated to evaluate their interaction with prognosis. Then, the impact of UA and HDL-C ratio (UHR) on prognosis was assessed. Results Over a median follow-up period of 41 (30,46) months, 136 (28.3%) MACEs, and 44 (9.2%) deaths were recorded. There was a positive additive interaction between UA and HDL-C for MACEs. The attributable proportion (AP) showed that 46% of the estimated effect (MACE in patients) was attributable to this interaction. The synergy index (SI) was 2.04 (1.07,3.88) for MACE, indicating that the risk for patients presenting with both risk factors was greater than the sum of the risk factors alone. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that UHR independently predicted MACEs and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to tertiles of UHR showed statistically significant differences in MACE (log-rank test, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of UHR for predicting MACE was 0.716. Conclusion The coexistence of high UA and low HDL-C has a synergistic effect and provides further information for risk stratification of patients with AMI. UHR is a simple and easily available prognostic indicator independent of traditional risk factors.
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Arafa A, Kashima R, Kokubo Y, Teramoto M, Sakai Y, Nosaka S, Kawachi H, Shimamoto K, Matsumoto C, Nakao YM, Gao Q, Izumi C. Serum cholesterol levels and the risk of brain natriuretic peptide-diagnosed heart failure in postmenopausal women: a population-based prospective cohort study. Menopause 2023:00042192-990000000-00209. [PMID: 37402280 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormonal changes during menopause can disturb serum cholesterol which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the prospective association between serum cholesterol and heart failure (HF) risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS We analyzed data from 1,307 Japanese women, aged 55 to 94 years. All women had no history of HF, and their baseline brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were less than 100 pg/mL. During the follow-ups conducted every 2 years, HF was diagnosed among women who developed BNP of 100 pg/mL or greater. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI of HF for women per their baseline total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The Cox regression models were adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac murmurs, arrhythmia, stroke or ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and lipid-lowering agent use. RESULTS Within an 8-year median follow-up, 153 participants developed HF. In the multivariable-adjusted model, women with total cholesterol of 240 mg/dL or greater (compared with 160-199 mg/dL) and HDL-C of 100 mg/dL or greater (compared with 50-59 mg/dL) showed an increased risk of HF: hazard ratios (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.04-2.77) and 2.70 (1.10-6.64), respectively. The results remained significant after further adjusting for baseline BNP. No associations were observed with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Total cholesterol of 240 mg/dL or greater and HDL-C of 100 mg/dL or greater were positively associated with the risk of HF in postmenopausal Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- From the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Yukie Sakai
- From the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Saya Nosaka
- From the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Shimamoto
- From the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisa Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Health Surveillance and Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku, Japan
| | | | - Qi Gao
- From the Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Heart Failure, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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20
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Harsløf M, Pedersen KM, Afzal S, Davey Smith G, Nordestgaard BG. Lower levels of small HDL particles associated with increased infectious disease morbidity and mortality: a population-based cohort study of 30 195 individuals. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:957-968. [PMID: 36537045 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Low levels of HDL cholesterol have been associated with increased risk of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy permits the measurement of HDL particle count and allows further subclassification according to particle size. We tested the hypothesis that low number of different HDL subfractions is associated with increased infectious disease morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS HDL particle counts were measured using NMR spectroscopy in 30 195 individuals aged 22-99 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Using multiple-event Cox regression and cause-specific hazard models, we assessed risk of hospitalizations due to infection and infectious disease-related death, from 2003 through 2018. During follow-up, 9303 individuals had one or more infectious disease events, and 1558 experienced infectious disease-related death. In multifactorial adjusted analyses, low number of small and medium HDL particles was associated with increased risk of any infection and infectious disease-related death, whereas low number of large and extra-large HDL particles was not. A very high number of small and medium HDL particles was also associated with increased risk of any infection, but not with infectious disease-related death. For small and medium HDL particles and compared to individuals in the 91-95th percentile, hazard ratios (HRs) in individuals in the lowest percentile were 2.31 (95% confidence interval: 1.75, 3.05) for any infection and 3.23 (2.08, 5.02) for infectious disease-related death. For the highest percentile, corresponding HRs were 1.36 (1.07, 1.74) and 1.06 (0.57, 1.98), respectively. Individuals in the lowest percentile had increased risk of pneumonia (HR: 1.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.30, 2.65), sepsis (2.17; 1.37, 3.35), urinary tract infection (1.76; 1.17, 2.63), skin infection (1.87; 1.24, 2.81), gastroenteritis (1.78; 1.01, 3.16), and other infections (2.57; 1.28, 5.16). CONCLUSION Low number of the small HDL particles was associated with increased infectious disease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Harsløf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kasper M Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Mehdawi A, Mohammad BA, Mosleh I, Khader HA, Habash M, Nassar RI, Awwad S, Hasoun L, Abu-Samak MS. Combined Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin D 3 on Oxidized LDL-C and Non-HDL-C Levels in People With Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:251-258. [PMID: 36630694 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on Jordanian participants with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with no other medical conditions, to evaluate the combined effect of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 (Vit.D 3 ) and omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplements (D+) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels as common predictors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Participants were randomized into 4 groups as follows: a control group (C) that received no supplementations, a Vit.D 3 group that received 50,000 IU of Vit.D 3 every week, an n-3FA group that received 300 mg of omega-3 fatty acid every day, and a D+ group that received a combination of both supplements, with the same dosage administered by the previous groups but with a 4-6-hour time interval between Vit.D 3 and n-3FA administration to avoid any possible interaction. All supplementations were administered orally for 8 weeks. Forty-seven participants were allocated to each group. Twenty-six in the control group, 37 participants in the Vit.D 3 group, 37 participants in the n-3FA group, and 46 participants in the D+ group completed the study to the end. The D+ supplementations significantly increased non-HDL-C (118.99 ± 60.98 to 155.26 ± 43.36 mg/dL, P << 0.05) but decreased Ox-LDL-C levels (69.29 ± 37.69 to 52.81 ± 17.30 pg/mL, P = 0.03). The stepwise regression showed that the serum LDL-C level was the main independent variable involved in the elevation of non-HDL levels (R 2 = 0.837) observed at the end of the trial in the D+ group. The groups that were supplemented with either Vit.D 3 alone or n-3FA alone had an insignificant decrease in the level of Ox-LDL-C. In conclusion, despite the observed hyperlipidemic effect, the combination treatment is recommended by the research team because the decrease in Ox-LDL may offset the hyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Mehdawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Beisan A Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mosleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Heba A Khader
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University,, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Maha Habash
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan; and
| | - Razan I Nassar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shady Awwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Luai Hasoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud S Abu-Samak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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22
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Sex-biased and sex hormone-dependent regulation of apolipoprotein A1. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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23
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Wang D, Tan Z, Yang J, Li L, Li H, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Q, Guo H. Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes atherosclerosis by modulating M1 polarization of macrophages through the NF-κB pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114384. [PMID: 36512850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widely used and distributed perfluorinated compounds and is reported to be harmful to cardiovascular health; however, the direct association between PFOS exposure and atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PFOS exposure on the atherosclerosis progression and the underlying mechanisms. PFOS was administered through oral gavage to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice for 12 weeks. PFOS exposure significantly increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and intima-media thickness (IMT), increased aortic plaque burden and vulnerability, and elevated serum lipid and inflammatory cytokine levels. PFOS promoted aortic and RAW264.7 M1 macrophage polarization, which increased the secretion of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization, which decreased the expression of CD206, arginine I (Arg-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Moreover, PFOS activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the aorta and macrophages. BAY11-7082 was used to inhibit NF-κB-alleviated M1 macrophage polarization and the inflammatory response induced by PFOS in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results are the first to reveal the acceleratory effect of PFOS on the atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice, which is associated with the NF-κB activation of macrophages to M1 polarization to induce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heqiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
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24
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Chen X, Ma L, Zhao J, Pan X, Chen S. Effect of empagliflozin on cytoskeletal repair in the hippocampus of obese mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1000839. [PMID: 36408417 PMCID: PMC9667058 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on hippocampal phosphorylated protein levels in obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen obese mice successfully modeled on high-fat diet were randomly divided into high-fat feeding group (group H) and empagliflozin group (group H + empagliflozin, group E), eight mice in each group, and eight C57BL/6J male normal mice were selected as the control group (normal control, group C). Group E was treated with empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks, while mice in groups H and C were treated with equal amounts of saline. The spatial learning memory ability of the mice was determined by the Morris water maze experiment. Further, their body weights and serological indices were measured. Finally, total proteins were extracted from hippocampal tissues for functional analysis by the phosphorylated proteomics method. RESULTS The results showed that escape latency was prolonged, retention time in the target quadrant was shortened, and the number of loop penetrations was reduced in the obese mice induced by a high-calorie diet compared with normal controls, whereas escape latency was shortened, retention time in the target quadrant was increased, and the number of loop penetrations was increased after empagliflozin treatment. Phosphoproteomics in the high-fat/control (H/C), empagliflozin/high-fat (E/H), and E/C groups showed 844, 1,552, and 1,512 differentially significant phosphorylation sites, respectively. The proteins corresponding to these differentially phosphorylated sites were mainly involved in neurodegenerative pathways and actin cytoskeleton regulation. Notably, myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10), p21 protein-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), phosphatidylinositol 3 -phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve), and other differentially phosphorylated proteins were involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation. CONCLUSION We concluded that empagliflozin protects cognitive functions by inducing serine phosphorylation in MYH10, PAK4, and PIKfyve in the hippocampal tissue of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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25
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C1QL1/CTRP14 Is Largely Dispensable for Atherosclerosis Formation in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100341. [PMID: 36286293 PMCID: PMC9604636 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of C1QL1 on atherosclerosis as well as the transcriptomic alteration of the aorta. While complement C1ql-like 1 (C1QL1) is one of the C1q/tumor-necrosis-factor-related protein (CTRP) family members, also known as CTRP14, and is synthesized and secreted mainly by the brain and adipose tissues, the functional properties of the C1QL1/CTRP14 protein outside the brain and adipocytes remain, however, unknown. In this regard, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice were fed a Western diet and injected with adenovirus (Ad) green fluorescent protein or Ad-C1QL1 through the tail vein for 12 weeks. In contrast with the control cohort, the area of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE KO mice overexpressing C1QL1 showed no significant difference, and the RNA sequence revealed that there were only 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in 26 signaling pathways of the mRNA profile in the aortic atherosclerosis lesions. This analysis also revealed the expression of several genes related to metabolism, organismal system, and human diseases such as type II diabetes, which are not associated with the formation of atherosclerosis in the aorta. These findings illustrate that C1QL1 is largely dispensable for atherosclerosis formation in ApoE-deficient mice and does not improve atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta.
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26
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Efficacy and Underlying Mechanism of Berberine Against Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis in Preclinical Animal Studies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:476-488. [PMID: 35881903 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases, and an increasing number of studies have shown that berberine could delay plaque formation and development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its effects and explore its mechanisms in this meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases for original preclinical studies to conduct meta-analysis. Twelve articles (16 studies; 312 ApoE -/- mice) were included, and all the studies scored 3-5 points according to SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Berberine could significantly decrease plaque area and plaque macrophage content (plaque area, SMD = -2.02, 95% CI: -2.80 to -1.24, P = 0.000; plaque macrophage content, SMD = -4.28, 95% CI: -7.67 to -0.88, P = 0.013); lower the levels of TC, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (TC, SMD = -1.47, 95% CI: -2.20 to -0.74, P = 0.000; triglyceride, SMD = -0.77, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.33, P = 0.000; low-density lipoprotein, SMD = -0.61, 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.11, P = 0.000), and change the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, SMD = -2.29, 95% CI: -3.40 to -1.18, P = 0.000; interleukin-6, SMD = -1.48, 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.85, P = 0.008; tumor necrosis factor-α, SMD = -1.98, 95% CI: -3.01 to -0.94, P = 0.000; interleukin-10, SMD = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.76 to 2.80, P = 0.015), but there were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein levels and plaque lipid content (high-density lipoprotein, SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.40, P = 0.021; plaque lipid content, SMD = -6.85, 95% CI: -21.09 to 7.39, P = 0.007). The results were robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. Therefore, the results indicate that berberine is a promising drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis through regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and plaque composition. However, some potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated.
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28
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Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R. Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:358-375. [PMID: 35623562 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRs) demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential of these molecules to regulate genetic activity in different cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The RNA-based therapy does not change genetic codes in tumor cells but can silence oncogenes and/or reactivate inhibited tumor suppressor genes. In many cancers, specific miRs were shown to promote or stop tumor progression. Among confirmed and powerful epigenetic regulators of colon carcinogenesis and development of resistance are onco-miRs, which include let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-92, miR-96, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-221, miR-421, miR-451, and others. Moreover, various tumor-suppressor miRs (miR-15b-5b, miR-18a, miR-20b, miR-22, miR-96, miR-139-5p, miR-145, miR-149, miR-197, miR-199b, miR-203, miR-214, miR-218, miR-320, miR-375-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-494, miR-577, miR-874, and others) were found silenced in drug-resistant CRCs. Re-expression of tumor suppressor miR is complicated by the chemical nature of miRs that are not long-lasting compounds and require protection from the enzymatic degradation. Several recent studies explored application of miRs using nanocarrier complexes. This study critically describes the most successfully tested nanoparticle complexes used for intracellular delivery of nuclear acids and miRs, including micelles, liposomes, inorganic and polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and aptamers. Nanocarriers shield incorporated miRs and improve the agent stability in circulation. Attachment of antibodies and/or specific peptide or ligands facilitates cell-targeted miR delivery. Addressing in vivo challenges, a broad spectrum of non-toxic materials has been tested and indicated reliable advantages of lipid-based (lipoplexes) and polymer-based liposomes. Recent cutting-edge developments indicated that lipid-based complexes with multiple cargo, including several miRs, are the most effective approach to eradicate drug-resistant tumors. Focusing on CRC-specific miRs, this review provides a guidance and insights towards the most promising direction to achieve dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using miR-nanocarrier complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekaterina M Grigorevskikh
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Synergistic Hypolipidemic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactobacillus and Spirulina platensis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate hypolipidemic effects of Lactobacillus, Spirulina and their combination on Swiss albino mice fed a regular or high-cholesterol diet. Rosuvastatin was used as a reference drug The highest body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C and the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recorded in a positive control group (G5). Treatment with Lactobacillus or Spirulina or by their combination resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, TC, TG, LDL-C and significant increase in HDL-C (p < 0.05) in both mice fed a regular diet or high-cholesterol diet. The treatments induced a significant increase in Hb, MCHC and HCT levels in mice fed a regular diet (p < 0.05). They did not induce a significant effect on these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, while treatment with standard rosuvastatin induced a significant decrease in these parameters (p < 0.05). The treatments induced a significant increase in the platelet count and WBC number in mice fed a regular diet p < 0.05), while they induced significant decrease in these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet p < 0.05. They also stimulated the innate immunity represented by both monocyte and neutrophil cells in mice fed a regular diet, while this immunity was reduced in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. It also caused a marked reduction in inflammation and an improvement in the congestion of cardiac tissues, the aorta, and the spleen. The treatment of hyperlipidemic mice with combination of Lactobacillus and Spirulina gave similar results to those obtained with treatment by rosuvastatin.
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30
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Control of Cholesterol Metabolism Using a Systems Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030430. [PMID: 35336806 PMCID: PMC8945167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is the main sterol in mammals that is essential for healthy cell functionining. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation and signaling, it is a precursor molecule of bile acids, oxysterols, and all steroid hormones. It also contributes to the structural makeup of the membranes. Its homeostasis is tightly controlled since it can harm the body if it is allowed to reach abnormal blood concentrations. One of the diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels being the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide, is atherosclerosis. In this study, we have developed a model of the cholesterol metabolism taking into account local inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the impact of the interplay of those processes and cholesterol metabolism disturbances on the atherosclerosis development and progression. We have also analyzed the effect of combining different classes of drugs targeting selected components of cholesterol metabolism. Abstract Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cells and is involved in many fundamental physiological processes; hence, its homeostasis in the body is tightly controlled, and any disturbance has serious consequences. Disruption of the cellular metabolism of cholesterol, accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and, consequently, is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Therefore, new drugs to regulate disturbed cholesterol metabolism are used and developed, which help to control cholesterol homeostasis but still do not entirely cure atherosclerosis. In this study, a Petri net-based model of human cholesterol metabolism affected by a local inflammation and oxidative stress, has been created and analyzed. The use of knockout of selected pathways allowed us to observe and study the effect of various combinations of commonly used drugs on atherosclerosis. The analysis results led to the conclusion that combination therapy, targeting multiple pathways, may be a fundamental concept in the development of more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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