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Fatemi K, Lau SY, Obayomi KS, Kiew SF, Coorey R, Chung LY, Fatemi R, Heshmatipour Z, Premarathna KSD. Carbon nanomaterial-based aptasensors for rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Anal Biochem 2024; 695:115639. [PMID: 39127327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Each year, millions of people suffer from foodborne illness due to the consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, which severely challenges global health. Therefore, it is essential to recognize foodborne pathogens swiftly and correctly. However, conventional detection techniques for bacterial pathogens are labor-intensive, low selectivity, and time-consuming, highlighting a notable knowledge gap. A novel approach, aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) linked to carbon nanomaterials (CNs), has shown the potential to overcome these limitations and provide a more reliable method for detecting bacterial pathogens. Aptamers, short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)/RNA molecules, serve as bio-recognition elements (BRE) due to their exceptionally high affinity and specificity in identifying foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and other relevant pathogens commonly associated with foodborne illnesses. Carbon nanomaterials' high surface area-to-volume ratio contributes unique characteristics crucial for bacterial sensing, as it improves the binding capacity and signal amplification in the design of aptasensors. Furthermore, aptamers can bind to CNs and create aptasensors with improved signal specificity and sensitivity. Hence, this review intends to critically review the current literature on developing aptamer functionalized CN-based biosensors by transducer optical and electrochemical for detecting foodborne pathogens and explore the advantages and challenges associated with these biosensors. Aptasensors conjugated with CNs offers an efficient tool for identifying foodborne pathogenic bacteria that is both precise and sensitive to potentially replacing complex current techniques that are time-consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Fatemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sie Yon Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Kehinde Shola Obayomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Siaw Fui Kiew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Sarawak Biovalley Pilot Plant, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ranil Coorey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reza Fatemi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technical and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoheir Heshmatipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - K S D Premarathna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Chwan Chuong Chin JJ, Akbar MA, Mohd Yusof NY, Pike A, Goh CT, Mustapha S, Tan LL. Enhancing early warning: A DNA biosensor with polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143114. [PMID: 39154772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Yearly reports of detrimental effects resulting from harmful algal blooms (HAB) are still received in Malaysia and other countries, particularly concerning fish mortality and seafood contamination, both of which bear consequences for the fisheries industry. The underlying reason is the absence of a dependable early warning system. Hence, this research aims to develop a single DNA biosensor that can detect a group of HAB species known for producing saxitoxin (SXT), which is commonly found in Malaysian waters. The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based DNA biosensor was fabricated by covalent grafting of the 3' aminated DNA probe of the sxtA4 conserved domain in SXT-producing dinoflagellates on the reverse-phase polymerized polyaniline/graphene (PGN) nanocomposite electrode via carbodiimide linkage. The introduction of a carboxyphenyl layer to the PGN nanotransducing element was essential to augment the carboxylic groups on the graphene (RGO), facilitating attachment with the aminated DNA. The synergistic effect of the asynthesized nanocomposite of PANI and RGO, tremendously enhanced the electron transfer rate of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe at the SPCE transducer surface, allowing for the label-free bioanalytical assay of complementary DNA targets. The developed DNA biosensor featuring the capacity to detect a broad range of Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) cell concentrations, ranging from 10 to 10,000,000 cells L-1. The quantification of A. minutum cells from pure algal culture by the electrochemical DNA biosensor has been well-validated with traditional microscopic techniques. Furthermore, Alexandrium tamiyavanichii, another toxigenic HAB species, exhibited a similar electrochemical characteristic signal to those observed with A. minutum, whilst the biosensor yielded appreciably distinctive results when subjected to a non-toxigenic microalgae species as a negative control, i.e. Isochrysis galbana. A compendium DNA biosensor design and electrochemical detection strategy at laboratory scale serves as a precursor to the potential development of portable device for on-site detection, thus expanding the utility and scope of biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jason Chwan Chuong Chin
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Afiq Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Pike
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Choo Ta Goh
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shuhadah Mustapha
- Department of Fisheries Sabah, Wisma Pertanian Sabah, Jalan Tasik, 88624, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Li Y, Yang HS, Klasse PJ, Zhao Z. The significance of antigen-antibody-binding avidity in clinical diagnosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39041650 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2379286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) testing are commonly used to determine infection status. Typically, the detection of IgM indicates an acute or recent infection, while the presence of IgG alone suggests a chronic or past infection. However, relying solely on IgG and IgM antibody positivity may not be sufficient to differentiate acute from chronic infections. This limitation arises from several factors. The prolonged presence of IgM can complicate diagnostic interpretations, and false positive IgM results often arise from antibody cross-reactivity with various antigens. Additionally, IgM may remain undetectable in prematurely collected samples or in individuals who are immunocompromised, further complicating accurate diagnosis. As a result, additional diagnostic tools are required to confirm infection status. Avidity is a measure of the strength of the binding between an antigen and antibody. Avidity-based assays have been developed for various infectious agents, including toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus (CMV), SARS-CoV-2, and avian influenza, and are promising tools in clinical diagnostics. By measuring the strength of antibody binding, they offer critical insights into the maturity of the immune response. These assays are instrumental in distinguishing between acute and chronic or past infections, monitoring disease progression, and guiding treatment decisions. The development of automated platforms has optimized the testing process by enhancing efficiency and minimizing the risk of manual errors. Additionally, the recent advent of real-time biosensor immunoassays, including the label-free immunoassays (LFIA), has further amplified the capabilities of these assays. These advances have expanded the clinical applications of avidity-based assays, making them useful tools for the diagnosis and management of various infectious diseases. This review is structured around several key aspects of IgG avidity in clinical diagnosis, including: (i) a detailed exposition of the IgG affinity maturation process; (ii) a thorough discussion of the IgG avidity assays, including the recently emerged biosensor-based approaches; and (iii) an examination of the applications of IgG avidity in clinical diagnosis. This review is intended to contribute toward the development of enhanced diagnostic tools through critical assessment of the present landscape of avidity-based testing, which allows us to identify the existing knowledge gaps and highlight areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P J Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Abdul Wahab MR, Palaniyandi T, Viswanathan S, Baskar G, Surendran H, Gangadharan SGD, Sugumaran A, Sivaji A, Kaliamoorthy S, Kumarasamy S. Biomarker-specific biosensors revolutionise breast cancer diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117792. [PMID: 38266968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women across the globe. In order to treat breast cancer successfully, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the condition during its initial stages. Although mammogram screening has long been a common method of breast cancer screening, high rates of type I error and type II error results as well as radiation exposure have always been of concern. The outgrowth cancer mortality rate is primarily due to delayed diagnosis, which occurs most frequently in a metastatic III or IV stage, resulting in a poor prognosis after therapy. Traditional detection techniques require identifying carcinogenic properties of cells, such as DNA or RNA alterations, conformational changes and overexpression of certain proteins, and cell shape, which are referred to as biomarkers or analytes. These procedures are complex, long-drawn-out, and expensive. Biosensors have recently acquired appeal as low-cost, simple, and super sensitive detection methods for analysis. The biosensor approach requires the existence of biomarkers in the sample. Thus, the development of novel molecular markers for diverse forms of cancer is a rising complementary affair. These biosensor devices offer two major advantages: (1) a tiny amount of blood collected from the patient is sufficient for analysis, and (2) it could help clinicians swiftly select and decide on the best therapy routine for the individual. This review will include updates on prospective cancer markers and biosensors in cancer diagnosis, as well as the associated detection limitations, with a focus on biosensor development for marker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - S G D Gangadharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Madras Medical College, R. G. G. G. H., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Asha Sivaji
- Department of Biochemistry, DKM College for Women, Vellore, India
| | - Senthilkumar Kaliamoorthy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Kumarasamy
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yadav S, Prasad M, Singh N. Biosensor: An Emerging Technological Tool for Microorganisms and Its Disease Diagnosis. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:395-397. [PMID: 38031605 PMCID: PMC10682339 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yadav
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi, Delhi 110007 India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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Sypabekova M, Hagemann A, Kleiss J, Morlan C, Kim S. Optimizing an Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor for Enhanced Sensitivity. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:25911-25918. [PMID: 38784847 PMCID: PMC11115385 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3317678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of biosensor technology has revolutionized healthcare, offering improved sensitivity, specificity, and portability. We have developed an optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) as a promising solution due to its label-free detection, high sensitivity, real-time monitoring, multiplexing capability, and versatility. The OCB consists of an optical cavity structure (OCS), optical components, and a low-cost camera. The OCS is created by two partially reflective surfaces separated by a small gap, where the interaction between target analytes and immobilized receptors leads to a shift in the resonance transmission spectrum, caused by minute changes in the local refractive index (RI). In our previous work, we successfully detected these small changes with a simple OCS and cost-effective components using a differential detection method. Building upon these achievements, this study focuses on optimizing the OCS, improving the camera settings, and enhancing the differential detection approach. By increasing the reflectance of the surfaces and optimizing the optical cavity widths correspondingly, we achieved an improved limit of detection (LOD). We also investigated how the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera shutter time affects the LOD. Additionally, we introduced a new differential equation to further enhance the sensitivity of our system. Through these advancements, we could improve the LOD of the OCB by 7.2 times, specifically for an OCS with a cavity thickness of 9.881 μm and a silver thickness of 46.87 nm. These findings not only contribute to the ongoing effort of optimizing the OCB, but also pave the way for the development of advanced point-of-care biosensors with enhanced detection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzhan Sypabekova
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Aidan Hagemann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Jenna Kleiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Cooper Morlan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798 USA
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Karuppaiah G, Lee MH, Bhansali S, Manickam P. Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection: Principles, designs, fabrication, and characterisation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115600. [PMID: 37611448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major factor contributing to health discrepancies among individuals. Sustained exposure to stress triggers signalling pathways in the brain, which leading to the release of stress hormones in the body. Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is a significant biomarker for stress management due to its responsibility in the body's reply to stress. The release of cortisol in bloodstream prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and suppressing the immune system. Detecting cortisol in biological samples is crucial for understanding its role in stress and personalized healthcare. Traditional techniques for cortisol detection have limitations, prompting researchers to explore alternative strategies. Electrochemical sensing has emerged as a reliable method for point-of-care (POC) cortisol detection. This review focuses on the progress made in electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection, covering their design, principle, and electroanalytical methodologies. The analytical performance of these sensors is also analysed and summarized. Despite significant advancements, the development of electrochemical cortisol sensors faces challenges such as biofouling, sample preparation, sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and recognition layer performance. Therefore, the need to develop more sensitive electrodes and materials is emphasized. Finally, we discussed the potential strategies for electrode design and provides examples of sensing approaches. Moreover, the encounters of translating research into real world applications are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tang Y, Hardy TJ, Yoon JY. Receptor-based detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: Current and future. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115361. [PMID: 37148803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern, gaining significant attention worldwide. They are classified into microplastics (MP; defined from 1 μm to 5 mm) and smaller nanoplastics (NP; <1 μm). NPs may pose higher ecological risks than MPs. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been used to detect MPs, and the same methods have occasionally been used for NPs. However, they are not based on receptors, which provide high specificity in most biosensing applications. Receptor-based micro/nanoplastics (MNP) detection can provide high specificity, distinguishing MNPs from the environmental samples and, more importantly, identifying the plastic types. It can also offer a low limit of detection (LOD) required for environmental screening. Such receptors are expected to detect NPs specifically at the molecular level. This review categorizes the receptors into cells, proteins, peptides, fluorescent dyes, polymers, and micro/nanostructures. Detection techniques used with these receptors are also summarized and categorized. There is plenty of room for future research to test for broader classes of environmental samples and many plastic types, to lower the LOD, and to apply the current techniques for NPs. Portable and handheld MNP detection should also be demonstrated for field use since the current demonstrations primarily utilized laboratory instruments. Detection on microfluidic platforms will also be crucial in miniaturizing and automating the assay and, eventually, collecting an extensive database to support machine learning-based classification of MNP types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Trinity J Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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Ujah E, Lai M, Slaughter G. Ultrasensitive tapered optical fiber refractive index glucose sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4495. [PMID: 36934144 PMCID: PMC10024692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) sensors are of great interest for label-free optical biosensing. A tapered optical fiber (TOF) RI sensor with micron-sized waist diameters can dramatically enhance sensor sensitivity by reducing the mode volume over a long distance. Here, a simple and fast method is used to fabricate highly sensitive refractive index sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Two TOFs (l = 5 mm) with waist diameters of 5 µm and 12 µm demonstrated sensitivity enhancement at λ = 1559 nm for glucose sensing (5-45 wt%) at room temperature. The optical power transmission decreased with increasing glucose concentration due to the interaction of the propagating light in the evanescent field with glucose molecules. The coating of the TOF with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an active layer for glucose sensing generated LSPR through the interaction of the evanescent wave with AuNPs deposited at the tapered waist. The results indicated that the TOF (Ø = 5 µm) exhibited improved sensing performance with a sensitivity of 1265%/RIU compared to the TOF (Ø = 12 µm) at 560%/RIU towards glucose. The AuNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolent-visible spectroscopy. The AuNPs-decorated TOF (Ø = 12 µm) demonstrated a high sensitivity of 2032%/RIU toward glucose. The AuNPs-decorated TOF sensor showed a sensitivity enhancement of nearly 4 times over TOF (Ø = 12 µm) with RI ranging from 1.328 to 1.393. The fabricated TOF enabled ultrasensitive glucose detection with good stability and fast response that may lead to next-generation ultrasensitive biosensors for real-world applications, such as disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erem Ujah
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Meimei Lai
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
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Szymczyk A, Ziółkowski R, Malinowska E. Modern Electrochemical Biosensing Based on Nucleic Acids and Carbon Nanomaterials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3230. [PMID: 36991941 PMCID: PMC10057701 DOI: 10.3390/s23063230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirements of novel therapies, effective treatments should be supported by diagnostic tools characterized by appropriate analytical and working parameters. These are, in particular, fast and reliable responses that are proportional to analyte concentration, with low detection limits, high selectivity, cost-efficient construction, and portability, allowing for the development of point-of-care devices. Biosensors using nucleic acids as receptors has turned out to be an effective approach for meeting the abovementioned requirements. Careful design of the receptor layers will allow them to obtain DNA biosensors that are dedicated to almost any analyte, including ions, low and high molecular weight compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and even whole cells. The impulse for the application of carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical DNA biosensors is rooted in the possibility to further influence their analytical parameters and adjust them to the chosen analysis. Such nanomaterials enable the lowering of the detection limit, the extension of the biosensor linear response, or the increase in selectivity. This is possible thanks to their high conductivity, large surface-to-area ratio, ease of chemical modification, and introduction of other nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, into the carbon structures. This review discusses the recent advances on the design and application of carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical DNA biosensors that are dedicated especially to modern medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymczyk
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Stanisława Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Warsaw University of Technology, Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Ziółkowski
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Stanisława Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Stanisława Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Tsounidi D, Tsaousis V, Xenos N, Kroupis C, Moutsatsou P, Christianidis V, Goustouridis D, Raptis I, Kakabakos S, Petrou P. Simultaneous determination of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 in human serum samples with a point-of-care biosensing device. Talanta 2023; 258:124403. [PMID: 36889192 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of two inflammatory diseases biomarkers, namely procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in human serum samples employing a Point-of-Care device based on Multi Area Reflectance Spectroscopy is presented. Dual-analyte detection was achieved using silicon chips with two silicon dioxide areas of different thickness, one functionalized with an antibody specific for PCT and the other with an antibody specific for IL-6. The assay included reaction of immobilized capture antibodies with mixtures of PCT and IL-6 calibrators with the biotinylated detection antibodies, streptavidin and biotinylated-BSA. The reader provided for the automated execution of the assay procedure, as well as for the collection and processing of the reflected light spectrum, the shift of which is correlated to analytes concentration in the sample. The assay was completed in 35 min and the detection limits for PCT and IL-6 were 2.0 and 0.01 ng/mL respectively. The dual-analyte assay was characterized by high reproducibility (the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 10% for both analytes) and accuracy (the percent recovery values ranged from 80 to 113% for both analytes). Moreover, the values determined for the two analytes in human serum samples with the assay developed were in good agreement with the values determined for the same samples by clinical laboratory methods. These results support the potential of the proposed biosensing device application for inflammatory biomarkers determination at the Point-of-Need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tsounidi
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Aghia, Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Xenos
- Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Diagnostics Lab, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Diagnostics Lab, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Diagnostics Lab, Attikon University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Goustouridis
- ThetaMetrisis, S.A., 12132, Athens, Greece; Department of Electrical & Electronics Eng., University of West Attica, 12244, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- ThetaMetrisis, S.A., 12132, Athens, Greece; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Aghia, Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Aghia, Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Aghia, Paraskevi, Greece.
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12
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Krishnan V, Ananth V, Velayutham J, Manickam P, Veerapandian M. Bioadhesive Gauze Embedded with Chitosan-Butein Bioconjugate: A Redox-Active pH Sensor Platform. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:6. [PMID: 36671841 PMCID: PMC9855405 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-growing global wound care market, demand for robust redox-active healthcare material is obvious for the construction of wearable sensor platforms. Surface reactive functional group-rich material like chitosan holds huge potential for electrochemical biosensor application. Herein, a metal-free redox-active chitosan-butein (CSB) bioconjugate is processed into epidermal bioadhesive electrode material useful for pH sensors promising toward wound site analysis. A two-electrode system devised for conducting carbon-reinforced silver chloride paste and CSB-modified carbon/silver chloride matrix was used as a reference and working electrodes, respectively. Dimensions of working and reference electrodes (4 mm) were designed by 2D cutter plotter-assisted stenciling. The cross-sectional topology of the constructed adhesive CSB-sensor platform exhibits an average surface thickness of 183 ± 2 μm. Cyclic voltammetric analysis revealed the inherent 2e-/2H+ transfer attributed to the catechol OH groups of graft polymerized CSB modified on adhesive gauze. As-fabricated modified electrode substrates exhibit distinguishable potential differences with respect to electrolytes of varied pH (between 5 to 9), promising for wound site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Krishnan
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Sivagangai 630 003, TN, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, UP, India
| | - Venkatachalam Ananth
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Sivagangai 630 003, TN, India
| | - Jayasudha Velayutham
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Sivagangai 630 003, TN, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, UP, India
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Sivagangai 630 003, TN, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, UP, India
| | - Murugan Veerapandian
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Sivagangai 630 003, TN, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, UP, India
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13
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Zambry NS, Obande GA, Khalid MF, Bustami Y, Hamzah HH, Awang MS, Aziah I, Manaf AA. Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:473. [PMID: 35884276 PMCID: PMC9312918 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of precise and efficient diagnostic tools enables early treatment and proper isolation of infected individuals, hence limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The standard diagnostic tests used by healthcare workers to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have some limitations, including longer detection time, the need for qualified individuals, and the use of sophisticated bench-top equipment, which limit their use for rapid SARS-CoV-2 assessment. Advances in sensor technology have renewed the interest in electrochemical biosensors miniaturization, which provide improved diagnostic qualities such as rapid response, simplicity of operation, portability, and readiness for on-site screening of infection. This review gives a condensed overview of the current electrochemical sensing platform strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical samples. The fundamentals of fabricating electrochemical biosensors, such as the chosen electrode materials, electrochemical transducing techniques, and sensitive biorecognition molecules, are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarised electrochemical biosensors detection strategies and their analytical performance on diverse clinical samples, including saliva, blood, and nasopharyngeal swab. Finally, we address the employment of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors integrated with microfluidic technology in viral electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing its potential for on-site diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Syafirah Zambry
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Godwin Attah Obande
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia PMB 146, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Fazli Khalid
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Hairul Hisham Hamzah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Syafiq Awang
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Ismail Aziah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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14
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Electrochemical aptasensing for the detection of mycotoxins in food commodities. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Chin Chwan Chuong JJ, Rahman M, Ibrahim N, Heng LY, Tan LL, Ahmad A. Harmful Microalgae Detection: Biosensors versus Some Conventional Methods. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3144. [PMID: 35590834 PMCID: PMC9103738 DOI: 10.3390/s22093144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a steady stream of information on the methods and techniques available for detecting harmful algae species. The conventional approaches to identify harmful algal bloom (HAB), such as microscopy and molecular biological methods are mainly laboratory-based and require long assay times, skilled manpower, and pre-enrichment of samples involving various pre-experimental preparations. As an alternative, biosensors with a simple and rapid detection strategy could be an improvement over conventional methods for the detection of toxic algae species. Moreover, recent biosensors that involve the use of nanomaterials to detect HAB are showing further enhanced detection limits with a broader linear range. The improvement is attributed to nanomaterials' high surface area to volume ratio, excellent biological compatibility with biomolecules, and being capable of amplifying the electrochemical signal. Hence, this review presents the potential usage of biosensors over conventional methods to detect HABs. The methods reported for the detection of harmful algae species, ranging from conventional detection methods to current biosensor approaches will be discussed, along with their respective advantages and drawbacks to indicate the future prospects of biosensor technology for HAB event management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jason Chin Chwan Chuong
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.J.C.C.C.); (N.I.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
- Department of General Educational Development (GED), Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Nadiah Ibrahim
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.J.C.C.C.); (N.I.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.J.C.C.C.); (N.I.); (L.L.T.)
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
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16
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Anand U, Chandel AKS, Oleksak P, Mishra A, Krejcar O, Raval IH, Dey A, Kuca K. Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2827-2853. [PMID: 35384450 PMCID: PMC8984675 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The need for biosensors has evolved in the detection of molecules, diseases, and pollution from various sources. This requirement has headed to the development of accurate and powerful equipment for analysis using biological sensing component as a biosensor. Biosensors have the advantage of rapid detection that can beat the conventional methods for the detection of the same molecules. Bio-chemiluminescence-based sensors are very sensitive during use in biological immune assay systems. Optical biosensors are emerging with time as they have the advantage that they act with a change in the refractive index. Carbon nanotube-based sensors are another area that has an important role in the biosensor field. Bioluminescence gives much higher quantum yields than classical chemiluminescence. Electro-generated bioluminescence has the advantage of miniature size and can produce a high signal-to-noise ratio and the controlled emission. Recent advances in biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescence tag to nanomaterials have increased the sensitivity limit of biosensors. Integrated approaches provided a better perspective for developing specific and sensitive biosensors with high regenerative potentials. This paper mainly focuses on sensors that are important for the detection of multiple molecules related to clinical and environmental applications. Key points • The review focusses on the applications of luminescence-based, surface plasmon resonance-based, carbon nanotube-based, and graphene-based biosensors • Potential clinical, environmental, agricultural, and food industry applications/uses of biosensors have been critically reviewed • The current limitations in this field are discussed, as well as the prospects for future advancement
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Arvind K Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ishan H Raval
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Center for Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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17
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Kaur G, Thimes RL, Camden JP, Jenkins DM. Fundamentals and applications of N-heterocyclic carbene functionalized gold surfaces and nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13188-13197. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Improved stability and higher degree of synthetic tunability has allowed N-heterocyclic carbenes to supplant thiols as ligands for gold surface functionalization. This review article summarizes the basic science and applications of NHCs on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Thimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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18
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Barbosa AI, Rebelo R, Reis RL, Correlo VM. Biosensors Advances: Contributions to Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:259-273. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Nair MP, Teo AJT, Li KHH. Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 35056189 PMCID: PMC8779171 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has gained primary attention in the past decade, where label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation platforms are integrated to realize such LOC devices. Among the multitude of technologies that enables the successful integration of these two features, the piezoelectric acoustic wave method is best suited for handling biological samples due to biocompatibility, label-free and non-invasive properties. In this review paper, we present a study on the use of acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric materials in the area of label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation towards the realization of LOC and POC devices. The categorization of acoustic wave technology into the bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave has been considered with the inclusion of biological sample sensing and manipulation applications. This paper presents an approach with a comprehensive study on the fundamental operating principles of acoustic waves in biosensing and microfluidic actuation, acoustic wave modes suitable for sensing and actuation, piezoelectric materials used for acoustic wave generation, fabrication methods, and challenges in the use of acoustic wave modes in biosensing. Recent developments in the past decade, in various sensing potentialities of acoustic waves in a myriad of applications, including sensing of proteins, disease biomarkers, DNA, pathogenic microorganisms, acoustofluidic manipulation, and the sorting of biological samples such as cells, have been given primary focus. An insight into the future perspectives of real-time, label-free, and portable LOC devices utilizing acoustic waves is also presented. The developments in the field of thin-film piezoelectric materials, with the possibility of integrating sensing and actuation on a single platform utilizing the reversible property of smart piezoelectric materials, provide a step forward in the realization of monolithic integrated LOC and POC devices. Finally, the present paper highlights the key benefits and challenges in terms of commercialization, in the field of acoustic wave-based biosensors and actuation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.P.N.); (A.J.T.T.)
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20
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Pazos MD, Hu Y, Elani Y, Browning KL, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Tattoo Inks for Optical Biosensing in Interstitial Fluid. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101238. [PMID: 34510804 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of traditional tattoo inks presents an advantage for continuous and long-term health monitoring in point of care devices. The replacement of tattoo pigments with optical biosensors aims a promising alternative for monitoring blood biomarkers. Tattoo inks functionalization enables the control of interstitial biomarkers with correlated concentrations in plasma, to diagnose diseases, evaluate progression, and prevent complications associated with physio pathological disorders or medication mismatches. The specific biomarkers in interstitial fluid provide a new source of information, especially for skin diseases. The study of tattoo inks displays insufficient regulation in their composition, a lack of reports of the related complications, and a need for further studies on their degradation kinetics. This review focuses on tattoo optical biosensors for monitoring dermal interstitial biomarkers and discusses the clinical advantages and main challenges for in vivo implantation. Tattoo functionalization provides a minimally invasive, reversible, biocompatible, real-time sensing with long-term permanence and multiplexing capabilities for the control, diagnosis, and prevention of illness; it enables self-controlling management by the patient, but also the possibility of sending the records to the doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martalu D Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Leo Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Browning
- Leo Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Ryan MD, Parkes AL, Corbett D, Dickie AP, Southey M, Andersen OA, Stein DB, Barbeau OR, Sanzone A, Thommes P, Barker J, Cain R, Compper C, Dejob M, Dorali A, Etheridge D, Evans S, Faulkner A, Gadouleau E, Gorman T, Haase D, Holbrow-Wilshaw M, Krulle T, Li X, Lumley C, Mertins B, Napier S, Odedra R, Papadopoulos K, Roumpelakis V, Spear K, Trimby E, Williams J, Zahn M, Keefe AD, Zhang Y, Soutter HT, Centrella PA, Clark MA, Cuozzo JW, Dumelin CE, Deng B, Hunt A, Sigel EA, Troast DM, DeJonge BLM. Discovery of Novel UDP- N-Acetylglucosamine Acyltransferase (LpxA) Inhibitors with Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14377-14425. [PMID: 34569791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a novel series of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (LpxA) inhibitors that was identified through affinity-mediated selection from a DNA-encoded compound library. The original hit was a selective inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxA with no activity against Escherichia coli LpxA. The biochemical potency of the series was optimized through an X-ray crystallography-supported medicinal chemistry program, resulting in compounds with nanomolar activity against P. aeruginosa LpxA (best half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) <5 nM) and cellular activity against P. aeruginosa (best minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL). Lack of activity against E. coli was maintained (IC50 > 20 μM and MIC > 128 μg/mL). The mode of action of analogues was confirmed through genetic analyses. As expected, compounds were active against multidrug-resistant isolates. Further optimization of pharmacokinetics is needed before efficacy studies in mouse infection models can be attempted. To our knowledge, this is the first reported LpxA inhibitor series with selective activity against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dominic Ryan
- X-Biotix Therapeutics, 465 Waverly Oaks Road, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452, United States
| | - Alastair L Parkes
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - David Corbett
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Anthony P Dickie
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Michelle Southey
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Ole A Andersen
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Daniel B Stein
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier R Barbeau
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Angelo Sanzone
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Pia Thommes
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - John Barker
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Ricky Cain
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Christel Compper
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Magali Dejob
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Alain Dorali
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Donnya Etheridge
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Sian Evans
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Adele Faulkner
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Elise Gadouleau
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Timothy Gorman
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Denes Haase
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Krulle
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Xianfu Li
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Christopher Lumley
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Barbara Mertins
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Spencer Napier
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Rajesh Odedra
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Kostas Papadopoulos
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | | | - Kate Spear
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Emily Trimby
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jennifer Williams
- Evotec UK, Anti-infectives, Block 23F, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Michael Zahn
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Anthony D Keefe
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Holly T Soutter
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Paolo A Centrella
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew A Clark
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - John W Cuozzo
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | | | - Boer Deng
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Avery Hunt
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Eric A Sigel
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Dawn M Troast
- X-Chem, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Boudewijn L M DeJonge
- X-Biotix Therapeutics, 465 Waverly Oaks Road, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452, United States
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Loyez M, Wells M, Hambÿe S, Hubinon F, Blankert B, Wattiez R, Caucheteur C. PfHRP2 detection using plasmonic optrodes: performance analysis. Malar J 2021; 20:332. [PMID: 34320995 PMCID: PMC8320217 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early malaria diagnosis and its profiling require the development of new sensing platforms enabling rapid and early analysis of parasites in blood or saliva, aside the widespread rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Methods This study shows the performance of a cost-effective optical fiber-based solution to target the presence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2). Unclad multimode optical fiber probes are coated with a thin gold film to excite Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) yielding high sensitivity to bio-interactions between targets and bioreceptors grafted on the metal surface. Results Their performances are presented in laboratory conditions using PBS spiked with growing concentrations of purified target proteins and within in vitro cultures. Two probe configurations are studied through label-free detection and amplification using secondary antibodies to show the possibility to lower the intrisic limit of detection. Conclusions As malaria hits millions of people worldwide, the improvement and multiplexing of this optical fiber technique can be of great interest, especially for a future purpose of using multiple receptors on the fiber surface or several coated-nanoparticles as amplifiers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03863-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, Champ de Mars 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium. .,Electromagnetism and Telecommunications Department, University of Mons, Bld. Dolez 31, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Mathilde Wells
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 15, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Hambÿe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 15, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - François Hubinon
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunications Department, University of Mons, Bld. Dolez 31, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Blankert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 15, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Department, University of Mons, Champ de Mars 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Electromagnetism and Telecommunications Department, University of Mons, Bld. Dolez 31, 7000, Mons, Belgium
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van Belkum A, Almeida C, Bardiaux B, Barrass SV, Butcher SJ, Çaykara T, Chowdhury S, Datar R, Eastwood I, Goldman A, Goyal M, Happonen L, Izadi-Pruneyre N, Jacobsen T, Johnson PH, Kempf VAJ, Kiessling A, Bueno JL, Malik A, Malmström J, Meuskens I, Milner PA, Nilges M, Pamme N, Peyman SA, Rodrigues LR, Rodriguez-Mateos P, Sande MG, Silva CJ, Stasiak AC, Stehle T, Thibau A, Vaca DJ, Linke D. Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071259. [PMID: 34359341 PMCID: PMC8305138 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests. Basic science and translational research are needed to identify key microbial molecules as diagnostic targets, to identify relevant host counterparts, and to use this knowledge in developing or improving IVD. In this regard, an overlooked feature is the capacity of pathogens to adhere specifically to host cells and tissues. The molecular entities relevant for pathogen–surface interaction are the so-called adhesins. Adhesins vary from protein compounds to (poly-)saccharides or lipid structures that interact with eukaryotic host cell matrix molecules and receptors. Such interactions co-define the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test. Currently, adhesin-receptor binding is typically used in the pre-analytical phase of IVD tests, focusing on pathogen enrichment. Further exploration of adhesin–ligand interaction, supported by present high-throughput “omics” technologies, might stimulate a new generation of broadly applicable pathogen detection and characterization tools. This review describes recent results of novel structure-defining technologies allowing for detailed molecular analysis of adhesins, their receptors and complexes. Since the host ligands evolve slowly, the corresponding adhesin interaction is under selective pressure to maintain a constant receptor binding domain. IVD should exploit such conserved binding sites and, in particular, use the human ligand to enrich the pathogen. We provide an inventory of methods based on adhesion factors and pathogen attachment mechanisms, which can also be of relevance to currently emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- BioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
- Correspondence: (A.v.B.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Benjamin Bardiaux
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Sarah V. Barrass
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Sarah J. Butcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Tuğçe Çaykara
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (T.Ç.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Sounak Chowdhury
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Rucha Datar
- BioMérieux, Microbiology R&D, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
| | | | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Manisha Goyal
- BioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Theis Jacobsen
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Pirjo H. Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Andreas Kiessling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Juan Leva Bueno
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Anchal Malik
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ina Meuskens
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Paul A. Milner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Nicole Pamme
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (N.P.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.R.R.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (N.P.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Maria G. Sande
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.R.R.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Carla Joana Silva
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (T.Ç.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Diana J. Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (A.v.B.); (D.L.)
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Recent Advancements in Aptamer-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing Strategies. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11070233. [PMID: 34356703 PMCID: PMC8301862 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can track molecular interactions in real time, and is a powerful as well as widely used biological and chemical sensing technique. Among the different SPR-based sensing applications, aptamer-based SPR biosensors have attracted significant attention because of their simplicity, feasibility, and low cost for target detection. Continuous developments in SPR aptasensing research have led to the emergence of abundant technical and design concepts. To understand the recent advances in SPR for biosensing, this paper reviews SPR-based research from the last seven years based on different sensing-type strategies and sub-directions. The characteristics of various SPR-based applications are introduced. We hope that this review will guide the development of SPR aptamer sensors for healthcare.
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25
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Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Label-Free Manner Using Micromechanical Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134439. [PMID: 34209484 PMCID: PMC8271530 DOI: 10.3390/s21134439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified as a deadly pandemic. The genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 is performed using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for identifying viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) in infected patients. However, the RT-PCR diagnostic technique is manually laborious and expensive; therefore, it is not readily accessible in every laboratory. Methodological simplification is crucial to combat the ongoing pandemic by introducing quick, efficient, and affordable diagnostic methods. Here, we report how microcantilever sensors offer promising opportunities for rapid COVID-19 detection. Our first attempt was to capture the single-stranded complementary DNA of SARS-CoV-2 through DNA hybridization. Therefore, the microcantilever surface was immobilized with an oligonucleotide probe and detected using complementary target DNA hybridization by a shift in microcantilever resonance frequency. Our results show that microcantilever sensors can discriminate between complementary and noncomplementary target DNA on a micro to nanoscale. Additionally, the microcantilever sensors’ aptitude toward partial complementary DNA determines their potential to identify new variants of coronavirus. Therefore, microcantilever sensing could be a vital tool in the effort to extinguish the spreading COVID-19 pandemic.
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26
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Biochip with multi-planar electrodes geometry for differentiation of non-spherical bioparticles in a microchannel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11880. [PMID: 34088942 PMCID: PMC8178319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosensor capable of differentiating cells or other microparticles based on morphology finds significant biomedical applications. Examples may include morphological determination in the cellular division process, differentiation of bacterial cells, and cellular morphological variation in inflammation and cancer etc. Here, we present a novel integrated multi-planar microelectrodes geometry design that can distinguish a non-spherical individual particle flowing along a microchannel based on its electrical signature. We simulated multi-planar electrodes design in COMSOL Multiphysics and have shown that the changes in electrical field intensity corresponding to multiple particle morphologies can be distinguished. Our initial investigation has shown that top-bottom electrodes configuration produces significantly enhanced signal strength for a spherical particle as compared to co-planar configuration. Next, we integrated the co-planar and top-bottom configurations to develop a multi-planar microelectrode design capable of electrical impedance measurement at different spatial planes inside a microchannel by collecting multiple output signatures. We tested our integrated multi-planar electrode design with particles of different elliptical morphologies by gradually changing spherical particle dimensions to the non-spherical. The computed electrical signal ratio of non-spherical to spherical particle shows a very good correlation to predict the particle morphology. The biochip sensitivity is also found be independent of orientation of the particle flowing in the microchannel. Our integrated design will help develop the technology that will allow morphological analysis of various bioparticles in a microfluidic channel in the future.
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27
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Noman MT, Amor N, Petru M, Mahmood A, Kejzlar P. Photocatalytic Behaviour of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Surface Activation of Polymeric Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081227. [PMID: 33920272 PMCID: PMC8070503 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) in various nano forms (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, nanowires and nanoflowers) has received remarkable attention worldwide for its functional diversity in different fields i.e., paints, cosmetics, coatings, rubber and composites. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of photocatalytic activity (role of photogenerated radical scavengers) of nano ZnO (nZnO) for the surface activation of polymeric natural fibres especially cotton and their combined effect in photocatalytic applications. Photocatalytic behaviour is a crucial property that enables nZnO as a potential and competitive candidate for commercial applications. The confirmed features of nZnO were characterised by different analytical tools, i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM (FESEM) and elemental detection spectroscopy (EDX). These techniques confirm the size, morphology, structure, crystallinity, shape and dimensions of nZnO. The morphology and size play a crucial role in surface activation of polymeric fibres. In addition, synthesis methods, variables and some of the critical aspects of nZnO that significantly affect the photocatalytic activity are also discussed in detail. This paper delineates a vivid picture to new comers about the significance of nZnO in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Noman
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-776396302
| | - Nesrine Amor
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michal Petru
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic; (N.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Aamir Mahmood
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Kejzlar
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Technical University of Liberec, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic;
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Near-field sensor array with 65-GHz CMOS oscillators for rapid detection of viable Escherichia coli. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112935. [PMID: 33418183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growth of Escherichia coli was monitored using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) near-field sensor array. Each of the 1488 integrated elements, arranged in a 3 mm square, has a resonator that oscillates at 65 GHz. The effective capacitance of the resonator is altered by changes in the dielectric properties of the sensor surface, which shifts the resonance frequency. Growth curves of E. coli at different initial concentrations (OD600 = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were monitored. A suspension with initial turbidity of OD600 = 0.05 was cultured in a medium, and the sensor successfully distinguished between viable E. coli and heat-treated dead E. coli in 20 min. Moreover, the apparent suppression of growth was observed in the presence of 500 μg/mL streptomycin. As the sensor is composed of arrayed elements, and the area of sensitivity distribution of the element is larger than the size of one bacteria, the variation in the output value of each element may reflect the number and movement of bacteria. This study revealed that the presence of viable E. coli could be rapidly confirmed by using the change in permittivity caused by the displacement of media by E. coli near the sensor surface.
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Designing of Nanomaterials-Based Enzymatic Biosensors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the many biological entities employed in the development of biosensors, enzymes have attracted the most attention. Nanotechnology has been fostering excellent prospects in the development of enzymatic biosensors, since enzyme immobilization onto conductive nanostructures can improve characteristics that are crucial in biosensor transduction, such as surface-to-volume ratio, signal response, selectivity, sensitivity, conductivity, and biocatalytic activity, among others. These and other advantages of nanomaterial-based enzymatic biosensors are discussed in this work via the compilation of several reports on their applications in different industrial segments. To provide detailed insights into the state of the art of this technology, all the relevant concepts around the topic are discussed, including the properties of enzymes, the mechanisms involved in their immobilization, and the application of different enzyme-derived biosensors and nanomaterials. Finally, there is a discussion around the pressing challenges in this technology, which will be useful for guiding the development of future research in the area.
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Ramli I, Sadrolhosseini AR, Abdullah J, Yusof NA, Kamil YM, Mahdi MA. An Optical Sensor for Dengue Envelope Proteins Using Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Thin Film: Enhanced Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Recovery Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:762. [PMID: 33671059 PMCID: PMC7957696 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel idea to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor for detection of dengue virus type-2 envelope proteins (DENV-2 E-proteins) using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer biopolymer-based nanocomposite thin film. For this purpose, two ranges of DENV-2 E-protein concentrations, i.e., 0.000008-0.0001 nM and 0.00008-0.005 nM were evaluated, and the lowest detectable concentration was achieved at 0.00008 nM. The incorporation of PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film with an SPR sensor exhibited a significant increase in sensitivity and binding affinity to a lower range DENV-2 E-protein concentrations. Moreover, the proposed sensor displayed good selectivity towards DENV-2 E-proteins and have an average recovery of 80-120%. The findings of this study demonstrated that PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film combined with SPR sensor is a promising diagnostic tool for sensitive and selective detection of DENV-2 E-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yasmin Mustapha Kamil
- inLAZER Dynamics Sdn Bhd, InnoHub Unit, Putra Science Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Wireless and Photonics Network Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Radi AE, Abd-Ellatief MR. Electrochemical Aptasensors: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 33440751 PMCID: PMC7828092 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the progress of diversity of electrochemical aptasensor for target analytes detection. The immobilization strategies of aptamers on an electrode surface are addressed. The aptasensors are also introduced in compliance with the assay platforms. Many electrochemical aptasensors are nearly identical to conventional immunochemical approaches, sandwich and competition assays using electroactive signaling moieties. Others are "signal-on" and "sign-off" aptasensors credited to the target binding-induced conformational change of aptamers. Label-free aptasensors are also highlighted. Furthermore, the aptasensors applied for clinically important biomarkers are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Elgawad Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt;
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Rho D, Kim S. Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010004. [PMID: 33374119 PMCID: PMC7824430 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.
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A Self-Powered Biosensor for Monitoring Maximal Lactate Steady State in Sport Training. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10070075. [PMID: 32650462 PMCID: PMC7399796 DOI: 10.3390/bios10070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A self-powered biosensor for monitoring the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) during exercise has been developed for intelligently assisting training system. It has been presented to create poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/Tetrapod-shaped ZnO (T-ZnO)/enzyme-modified nanocomposite film through an efficient and cost-effective fabrication process. This sensor can be readily attached to the skin surface of the tester. Due to the piezoelectric surface coupling effect, this biosensor can monitor/sense and analyze physical information in real-time under the non-invasive condition and work independently without any battery. By actively outputting piezoelectric signals, it can quickly and sensitively detect body movements (changes of joint angle, frequency relative humidity during exercise) and physiological information (changes of lactate concentration in sweat). A practical application has been demonstrated by an excellent professional speed skater (male). The purpose of this study is to increase the efficiency of MLSS evaluation, promote the development of piezoelectric surface coupling effect and motion monitoring application, develop an intelligently assisting training system, which has opened up a new direction for human motion monitoring.
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Mishra M, Singh SK, Shanker R, Sundaram S. Design and simulation of diatom-based microcantilever immunobiosensor for the early detection of Karnal bunt. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:201. [PMID: 32309110 PMCID: PMC7150667 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogen, Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt disease in wheat, is severely affecting the yield and grain quality, worldwide. Thus, strict quarantine regulations by most wheat growing countries have to be followed, leading to trade barriers for wheat export. The conventional methods being used for pathogen detection at symptomatic stage requires the germination of Tilletia spores for the processing of samples. Thus, it is time-consuming and expensive. This study proposes a simulated microcantilever-based piezoelectric biosensor for the early detection of T. indica. Four different materials, SiO2, SiC, Si3N4, and Poly Si, were used for the microcantilever design. Microcantilever was coated with siliceous frustules of diatom that provides high surface area and enhanced sensitivity for specific antibody against the antigen, T. indica. Ansys software was used for the simulation analysis. Simulation results showed that microcantilever beam of SiO2 length of 150 µm, width of 30 µm and thickness 1 µm enhanced the sensitivity by two times against the antibody in comparison to normal microcantilever beam. The results concluded that SiO2 with coated diatom is the best material for the microcantilever fabrication, thus, providing an excellent protocol for fabrication of microcantilever-based biosensor which is both cost- and time effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjita Mishra
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211002 India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211002 India
| | - Rama Shanker
- Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211004 India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211002 India
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