1
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da Silva AF, Gonçalves LMD, Fernandes A, Almeida AJ. Optimization and evaluation of a chitosan-coated PLGA nanocarrier for mucosal delivery of Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106896. [PMID: 39250981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest the possibility of an infectious etiology, with Porphyromonas gingivalis emerging as a prime suspect in contributing to AD. P. gingivalis may invade systemic circulation via weakened oral/intestinal barriers and then cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reaching the brain and precipitating AD pathology. Based on the proposed links between P. gingivalis and AD, a prospective approach is the development of an oral nanovaccine containing P. gingivalis antigens for mucosal delivery. Targeting the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the nanovaccine may elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity, thereby hampering P. gingivalis ability to breach the oral/intestinal barriers and the BBB, respectively. The present study describes the optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of a candidate chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-CS) nanovaccine containing a P. gingivalis antigen extract. The nanocarrier was prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method and optimized for selected experimental factors, e.g. PLGA amount, surfactant concentration, w1/o phase ratio, applying a d-optimal statistical design to target the desired physicochemical criteria for its intended application. After nanocarrier optimization, the nanovaccine was characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), morphology, and in vitro release profile, as well as for mucoadhesivity, stability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, antigen integrity, in vitro cytotoxicity and uptake using THP-1 macrophages. The candidate PLGA-CS nanovaccine demonstrated appropriate physicochemical, mucoadhesive, and antigen release properties for oral delivery, along with acceptable levels of EE (55.3 ± 3.5 %) and DL (1.84 ± 0.12 %). The integrity of the encapsulated antigens remained uncompromised throughout NPs production and simulated gastrointestinal exposure, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the nanovaccine showed effective in vitro uptake, while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of PLGA-CS NPs as carriers for adequate antigen mucosal delivery, paving the way for further investigations into their applicability as vaccine candidates against P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ferreira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Lídia M D Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - António J Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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2
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Zuber J, Lopes Cascabulho P, Gemini Piperni S, Farias Corrêa do
Amaral RJ, Vogt C, Carre V, Hertzog J, Kontturi E, Trubetskaya A. Fast, Easy, and Reproducible Fingerprint Methods for Endotoxin Characterization in Nanocellulose and Alginate-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:6762-6772. [PMID: 39262301 PMCID: PMC11480981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose- and alginate-based hydrogels have been suggested as potential wound-healing materials, but their utilization is limited by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements regarding endotoxin levels. Cytotoxicity and the presence of endotoxin were assessed after gel sterilization using an autoclave and UV treatment. A new fingerprinting method was developed to characterize the compounds detected in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)- and cellulose-nanofiber (CNF)-based hydrogels using both positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (ESI FT-ICR MS). These biobased hydrogels were used as scaffolds for the cultivation and growth of human dermal fibroblasts to test their biocompatibility. A resazurin-based assay was preferred over all other biocompatibility methodologies since it allowed for the evaluation of viability over time in the same sample without causing cell lysis. The CNF dispersion of 6 EU mL-1 was slightly above the limits, and it did not affect the cell viability, whereas CNC hydrogels induced a reduction of metabolic activity by the fibroblasts. The chemical structure of the detected endotoxins did not contain phosphates, but it encompassed hydrophobic sulfonate groups, requiring the development of new high-pressure sterilization methods for the use of cellulose hydrogels in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zuber
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Freiberg, Leipziger Street 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Paula Lopes Cascabulho
- Faculty
of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de
Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-853 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Gemini Piperni
- Laboratory
of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Nanostructured Biomaterials,
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo José Farias Corrêa do
Amaral
- Faculty
of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de
Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941-853 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Vogt
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, TU Freiberg, Leipziger Street 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Carre
- Université
de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57000 Metz, France
| | - Jasmine Hertzog
- Université
de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57000 Metz, France
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Trubetskaya
- Department
of Biosciences, Nord University, Kongensgate 42, 7713 Steinkjer, Norway
- Department
of Engineering, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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3
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Tsirogianni A, Ntinou N, Karampatsou K, Dinos G, Kournoutou GG, Athanassopoulos CM. Chemical Modification of Pactamycin Leads to New Compounds with Retained Antimicrobial Activity and Reduced Toxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:4169. [PMID: 39275017 PMCID: PMC11397182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pactamycin (PCT), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum, is a five-membered ring aminocyclitol that is active against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as several animal tumor lines in culture and in vivo. Pactamycin targets the small ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, but due to its toxicity is used only as a tool for biochemical research. Prompted by the successful and well-established procedure for the derivatization of antibiotics, we modified pactamycin by tethering basic amino acids to the free primary amino group of the aminocyclitol ring. Specifically, lysine, ornithine, and histidine were conjugated via an amide bond, and the antimicrobial activity of the derivatives was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. According to our results, their antimicrobial activity was maintained at almost equal levels, while their toxicity was reduced compared to the parent molecule. These findings suggest that the new pactamycin derivatives can be considered as promising pharmacophores for the development of new antimicrobials that are able to combat the dangerously increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Tsirogianni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolina Ntinou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Karampatsou
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia G Kournoutou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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4
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Marković BA, Marinković A, Stanković JA, Mijatović S, Cvijetić I, Simić M, Arandjelović I. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Synthesized Nicotinamides. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1084. [PMID: 39204429 PMCID: PMC11359232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are promising compounds with antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant pathogens, especially when combined with conventional antimicrobials. Our study aimed to characterize the structure of nicotinamides synthesized from nicotinic acid and thiocarbohydrazones and to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Seven nicotinic acid hydrazides (NC 1-7) were synthesized using mono-thiocarbohydrazones with hydroxyl group substituents, along with quinolone, phenolic, and pyridine rings known for their antimicrobial activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of NC 1-7, at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 mM, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIMB 9111), and Candida albicans (ATCC 24433) using the broth microdilution method per EUCAST 2024 guidelines. Microorganism survival percentages were calculated based on optical density, and target fishing using the PharmMapper database identified potential molecular targets. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was most susceptible to the compounds, while C. albicans was the least susceptible. NC 3 significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae growth at 0.016 mM, while higher concentrations were required for S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. NC 5 was most effective against gram-positive bacteria at 0.03 mM. Only NC 4 completely inhibited C. albicans below 1 mM. NC 3, with the lowest concentration for 50% growth inhibition (0.016-0.064 mM), showed promising antibacterial potential against specific AMR-related proteins (bleomycin resistance protein, HTH-type transcriptional regulator QacR, and streptogramin A acetyltransferase), suggesting that this class of compounds could enhance or restore the activity of established antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Anić Marković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandar Marinković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.A.M.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Stefan Mijatović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ilija Cvijetić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Students Square 10-13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Simić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irena Arandjelović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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5
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Ribeiro M, Campos J, Pinho TS, Sampaio-Marques B, Barata-Antunes S, Cibrão JR, Araújo R, Duarte-Silva S, Moreira E, Sousa RA, Costa PM, Salgado AJ. Human platelet lysate supports SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation into a dopaminergic-like neuronal phenotype under xenogeneic-free culture conditions. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400068. [PMID: 38987218 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
SH-SY5Y is a human neuroblastoma cell line that can be differentiated into several neuronal phenotypes, depending on culture conditions. For this reason, this cell line has been widely used as an in vitro model of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, most studies published to date used fetal bovine serum (FBS) as culture medium supplement for SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. We report on the testing of human platelet lysate (hPL) as a culture medium supplement to support SH-SY5Y cell culture. Both standard hPL and a fibrinogen-depleted hPL (FD-hPL) formulation, which does not require the addition of anticoagulants to culture media, promoted an increase in SH-SY5Y cell proliferation in comparison to FBS, without compromising metabolic activity. SH-SY5Y cells cultured in hPL or FD-hPL also displayed a higher number of neurite extensions and stained positive for MAP2 and synaptophysin, in the absence of differentiation stimuli; reducing hPL or FD-hPL concentration to 1% v/v did not affect cell proliferation or metabolic activity. Furthermore, following treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and further stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β), the percentage of SH-SY5Y cells stained positive for dopaminergic neuronal differentiation markers (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH] and Dopamine Transporter [DAT]) was higher in hPL or FD-hPL than in FBS, and gene expression of dopaminergic markers TH, DAT, and DR2 was also detected. Overall, the data herein presented supports the use of hPL to differentiate SH-SY5Y cells into a neuronal phenotype with dopaminergic features, and the adoption of FD-hPL as a fully xenogeneic free alternative to FBS to support the use of SH-SY5Y cells as a neurodegeneration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiffany S Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barata-Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ribeiro Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Araújo
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elsa Moreira
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui A Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's--PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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6
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Sim HJ, Marinkovic K, Xiao P, Lu H. Graphene Oxide Strengthens Gelatine through Non-Covalent Interactions with Its Amorphous Region. Molecules 2024; 29:2700. [PMID: 38893573 PMCID: PMC11173959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted huge attention in biomedical sciences due to its outstanding properties and potential applications. In this study, we synthesized GO using our recently developed 1-pyrenebutyric acid-assisted method and assessed how the GO as a filler influences the mechanical properties of GO-gelatine nanocomposite dry films as well as the cytotoxicity of HEK-293 cells grown on the GO-gelatine substrates. We show that the addition of GO (0-2%) improves the mechanical properties of gelatine in a concentration-dependent manner. The presence of 2 wt% GO increased the tensile strength, elasticity, ductility, and toughness of the gelatine films by about 3.1-, 2.5-, 2-, and 8-fold, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis analyses showed no cytotoxicity from GO. Furthermore, we performed circular dichroism, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses to decipher the interactions between GO and gelatine. The results show, for the first time, that GO enhances the mechanical properties of gelatine by forming non-covalent intermolecular interactions with gelatine at its amorphous or disordered regions. We believe that our findings will provide new insight and help pave the way for potential and wide applications of GO in tissue engineering and regenerative biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jin Sim
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (H.J.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Katarina Marinkovic
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (H.J.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (H.J.S.); (K.M.)
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7
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Tapia-Rojas S, García-Paitán M, Rosario-Chavarri JD, Santiani A, Alvarez-Vega S, Amiel-Pérez J, Mayanga-Herrera A. Medicinal plant extracts interfere in gastric cancer stem cells fluorescence-based assays. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104000. [PMID: 38706720 PMCID: PMC11066463 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence is used in various biological assays due to its high sensitivity, versatility, and precision. In recent years, studies using medicinal plant extracts have increased. However, fluorescence-based assays could be biased by plant metabolites autofluorescence. To address this issue, this study investigated the interference caused by methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions of three medicinal plants in three fluorescence-based assays on gastric cancer stem cells(CSC): resazurin reduction, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. CSC were isolated based on CD44 surface marker, incubated with methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions of Buddleja incana, Dracontium spruceanum, Piper aduncum. Resazurin assay evidenced that CSC exposed to extracts and fractions from the three plants showed significant differences in relative fluorescence units (RFU) levels (p < 0.001) compared to the unexposed groups after a 3-hour incubation. In addition, DMSO-treated CSC exposed to extracts and fractions had significantly lower fluorescence levels than living ones, but higher than extracts and fractions without cells. In confocal microscopy, cancer stem cells exposed to extracts and fractions of B. incana and P. aduncum were observed in the same emission spectra of the CSC markers. In flow cytometry, CSC exposed to extracts and fractions without any fluorescent dyes were detected in the double positive quadrants for CSC markers (CD44+/CD133 + ). Among the three plants, D. spruceanum exhibited the least interference. These results show that methanolic extracts and chloroform fractions contain autofluorescent metabolites that interfere with fluorescence-based assays. These results highlight the importance of a prior evaluation for possible fluorescence interference to avoid interpretation biases in fluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salyoc Tapia-Rojas
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | | | - Jorge Del Rosario-Chavarri
- Plant Biology System Lab, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Libertador Bernardo O’higgins AV. 340, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexei Santiani
- Animal Reproduction Lab, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Circunvalación Av 28, San Borja, Lima, 15021, Perú
| | - Santiago Alvarez-Vega
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | - José Amiel-Pérez
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
| | - Ana Mayanga-Herrera
- Cell Culture and Immunology Lab, Universidad Científica del Sur, Antigua Panamericana Sur km 19, Lima, 15067, Perú
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8
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Chelomin VP, Slobodskova VV, Dovzhenko NV, Mazur AA, Kukla SP. Photoaging Elevated the Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics to Marine Mussel Mytilus trossulus (Gould, 1850). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5740. [PMID: 38891928 PMCID: PMC11171553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro-sized particles of synthetic polymers (microplastics) are found in all parts of marine ecosystems. This fact requires intensive study of the degree of danger of such particles to the life activity of hydrobionts and needs additional research. It is evident that hydrobionts in the marine environment are exposed to microplastics modified by biotic and abiotic degradation. To assess the toxic potential of aging microplastic, comparative studies were conducted on the response of cytochemical and genotoxic markers in hemocytes of the mussel Mytilus trossulus (Gould, 1850) after exposure to pristine and photodegraded (UV irradiation) polystyrene microparticles (µPS). The results of cytochemical tests showed that UV-irradiated µPS strongly reduced metabolism and destabilized lysosome membranes compared to pristine µPS. Using a Comet assay, it was shown that the nuclear DNA of mussel hemocytes showed high sensitivity to exposure to both types of plastics. However, the level of DNA damage was significantly higher in mussels exposed to aging µPS. It is suggested that the mechanism of increased toxicity of photo-oxidized µPS is based on free-radical reactions induced by the UV irradiation of polymers. The risks of toxic effects will be determined by the level of physicochemical degradation of the polymer, which can significantly affect the mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey Alexandrovich Mazur
- Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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9
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Joshi AS, Bapat MV, Singh P, Mijakovic I. Viridibacillus culture derived silver nanoparticles exert potent anticancer action in 2D and 3D models of lung cancer via mitochondrial depolarization-mediated apoptosis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100997. [PMID: 38379934 PMCID: PMC10876681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancer types that accounts for almost 2 million cases per year. Its resistance to anticancer drugs, failure of new molecules in clinical trials, severe side-effects of current treatments, and its recurrence limit the success of anticancer therapies. Nanotherapeutic agents offer several advantages over conventional anticancer therapies, including improved retention in tumors, specificity, and anticancer effects at lower concentrations, hence reducing the side-effects. Here, we have explored the anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized in Viridibacillus sp. enriched culture medium for the first time. Such green nanoparticles, synthesized by biological systems, are superior to chemically synthesized ones in terms of their environmental footprint and production cost, and have one crucial advantage of excellent stability owing to their biological corona. To assess anticancer activity of these nanoparticles, we used conventional 2D cultured A549 cells as well as 3D spheroids of A549 cells. In both models of lung cancer, our silver nanoparticles diminished cell proliferation, arrested DNA synthesis, and showed a dose dependent cytotoxic effect. The nanoparticles damaged the DNA and mitochondrial structures in both A549 cells and A549 spheroids, leading to mitochondrial depolarization and increased cell permeability. Low lethal median doses (LD50) for 2D cultured A549 cells (1 μg/ml) and for A549 spheroids (13 μg/ml) suggest that our nanoparticles are potent anticancer agents. We also developed in vitro tumor progression model and in vitro tumor size model using 3D spheroids to test anticancer potential of our nanoparticles which otherwise would require longer experimental duration along with large number of animals and trained personnel. In these models, our nanoparticles showed strong dose dependent anticancer activity. In case of in vitro tumor progression model, the A549 cells failed to form tight spheroidal mass and showed increased dead cell fraction since day 1 as compared to control. On the other hand, in case of in vitro tumor size model, the 4 and 8 μg/ml nanoparticle treatment led to reduction in spheroid size from 615 ± 53 μm to 440 ± 45 μm and 612 ± 44 μm to 368 ± 62 μm respectively, within the time span of 3 days post treatment. We believe that use of such novel experimental models offers excellent and fast alternative to in vivo studies, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that gives proof-of-concept for use of such novel in vitro cancer models to test anticancer agents such as Viridibacilli culture derived silver nanoparticles. Based on our results, we propose that these nanoparticles offer an interesting alternative for anticancer therapies, especially if they can be combined with classical anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhayraj S. Joshi
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mugdha V. Bapat
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Priyanka Singh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
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10
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Duque-Prata A, Serpa C, Caridade PJSB. Theoretical Evaluation of Fluorinated Resazurin Derivatives for In Vivo Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1507. [PMID: 38611787 PMCID: PMC11013821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Primarily owing to the pronounced fluorescence exhibited by its reduced form, resazurin (also known as alamarBlue®) is widely employed as a redox sensor to assess cell viability in in vitrostudies. In an effort to broaden its applicability for in vivo studies, molecular adjustments are necessary to align optical properties with the near-infrared imaging window while preserving redox properties. This study delves into the theoretical characterisation of a set of fluorinated resazurin derivatives proposed by Kachur et al., 2015 examining the influence of fluorination on structural and electrochemical properties. Assuming that the conductor-like polarisable continuum model mimics the solvent effect, the density functional level of theory combining M06-2X/6-311G* was used to calculate the redox potentials. Furthermore, (TD-)DFT calculations were performed with PBE0/def2-TZVP to evaluate nucleophilic characteristics, transition states for fluorination, relative energies, and fluorescence spectra. With the aim of exploring the potential of resazurin fluorinated derivatives as redox sensors tailored for in vivo applications, acid-base properties and partition coefficients were calculated. The theoretical characterisation has demonstrated its potential for designing novel molecules based on fundamental principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro J. S. B. Caridade
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 304-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.D.-P.); (C.S.)
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11
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Petiti J, Revel L, Divieto C. Standard Operating Procedure to Optimize Resazurin-Based Viability Assays. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38667149 PMCID: PMC11048620 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The resazurin assay, also known as the Alamar Blue assay, stands as a cornerstone technique in cell biology, microbiology, and drug development. It assesses the viability of cells through the conversion of resazurin into highly fluorescent resorufin. The resulting fluorescence intensity provides a reliable estimate of viable cell numbers. Cytotoxicity assays, such as the resazurin-based method, play a crucial role in the screening of potential drug candidates and in the assessment of pharmaceutical and chemical toxicity. In recent years, inconsistencies have arisen in pharmacogenomic studies, often due to poorly optimized laboratory protocols. These inconsistencies hinder progress in understanding how substances affect cell health, leading to unreliable findings. Thus, the need for standardized and rigorously optimized protocols is evident to ensure consistent and accurate results in cytotoxicity studies. This manuscript describes a standardized procedure for optimizing resazurin-based viability assays to improve the reliability of cytotoxicity data. This optimization approach focuses on critical experimental parameters and data quality, aiming to achieve a level of measurement imprecision of less than 20%. In conclusion, to address the critical issues of reproducibility and reliability, protocol standardization, such as the one described in this manuscript, can greatly enhance the credibility of cytotoxicity studies, ultimately advancing drug safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Petiti
- Division of Advanced Materials Metrology and Life Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), 10135 Turin, Italy; (L.R.); (C.D.)
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12
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Lavogina D, Krõlov MK, Vellama H, Modhukur V, Di Nisio V, Lust H, Eskla KL, Salumets A, Jaal J. Inhibition of epigenetic and cell cycle-related targets in glioblastoma cell lines reveals that onametostat reduces proliferation and viability in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4303. [PMID: 38383756 PMCID: PMC10881536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The choice of targeted therapies for treatment of glioblastoma patients is currently limited, and most glioblastoma patients die from the disease recurrence. Thus, systematic studies in simplified model systems are required to pinpoint the choice of targets for further exploration in clinical settings. Here, we report screening of 5 compounds targeting epigenetic writers or erasers and 6 compounds targeting cell cycle-regulating protein kinases against 3 glioblastoma cell lines following incubation under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The viability/proliferation assay indicated that PRMT5 inhibitor onametostat was endowed with high potency under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in cell lines that are strongly MGMT-positive (T98-G), weakly MGMT-positive (U-251 MG), or MGMT-negative (U-87 MG). In U-251 MG and U-87 MG cells, onametostat also affected the spheroid formation at concentrations lower than the currently used chemotherapeutic drug lomustine. In T98-G cell line, treatment with onametostat led to dramatic changes in the transcriptome profile by inducing the cell cycle arrest, suppressing RNA splicing, and down-regulating several major glioblastoma cell survival pathways. Further validation by immunostaining in three cell lines confirmed that onametostat affects cell cycle and causes reduction in nucleolar protein levels. In this way, inhibition of epigenetic targets might represent a viable strategy for glioblastoma treatment even in the case of decreased chemo- and radiation sensitivity, although further studies in clinically more relevant models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia.
- Chair of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mattias Kaspar Krõlov
- Chair of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Vellama
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Lust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
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13
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Pewklang T, Saiyasombat W, Chueakwon P, Ouengwanarat B, Chansaenpak K, Kampaengsri S, Lai RY, Kamkaew A. Revolutionary Pyrazole-based Aza-BODIPY: Harnessing Photothermal Power Against Cancer Cells and Bacteria. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300653. [PMID: 38095754 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer therapy and treatment of bacterial infection, photothermal therapy (PTT) stands out as a potential strategy. The challenge, however, is to create photothermal agents that can perform both imaging and PTT, a so-called theranostic agent. Photothermal agents that absorb and emit in the near-infrared region (750-900 nm) have recently received a lot of attention due to the extensive penetration of NIR light in biological tissues. In this study, we combined pyrazole with aza-BODIPY (PY-AZB) to develop a novel photothermal agent. PY-AZB demonstrated great photostability with a photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 33 %. Additionally, PY-AZB can permeate cancer cells at a fast accumulation rate in less than 6 hours, according to the confocal images. Furthermore, in vitro photothermal therapy results showed that PY-AZB effectively eliminated cancer cells by up to 70 %. Interestingly, PY-AZB exhibited antibacterial activities against both gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli 780, and gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 1466. The results exhibit a satisfactory bactericidal effect against bacteria, with a killing efficiency of up to 100 % upon laser irradiation. As a result, PY-AZB may provide a viable option for photothermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Pewklang
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Worakrit Saiyasombat
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Piyasiri Chueakwon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Bongkot Ouengwanarat
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Kantapat Chansaenpak
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12120
| | - Sastiya Kampaengsri
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Rung-Yi Lai
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
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14
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de Matos AM, Calado P, Miranda M, Almeida R, Rauter AP, Oliveira MC, Manageiro V, Caniça M. Alkyl deoxyglycoside-polymyxin combinations against critical priority carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2219. [PMID: 38278870 PMCID: PMC10817917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating antimicrobial resistance crisis urges the development of new antibacterial treatments with innovative mechanisms of action, particularly against the critical priority carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Membrane-disrupting dodecyl deoxyglycosides have been reported for their interesting phosphatidylethanolamine-associated bactericidal activity against Gram-positive strains; however, their inability to penetrate the Gram-negative outer membrane (OM) renders them useless against the most challenging pathogens. Aiming to repurpose alkyl deoxyglycosides against Gram-negative bacteria, this study investigates the antimicrobial effects of five reference compounds with different deoxygenation patterns or anomeric configurations in combination with polymyxins as adjuvants for enhanced OM permeability. The generation of the lead 4,6-dideoxy scaffold was optimized through a simultaneous dideoxygenation step and applied to the synthesis of a novel alkyl 4,6-dideoxy C-glycoside 5, herein reported for the first time. When combined with subtherapeutic colistin concentrations, most glycosides demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against several multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of CRAB, CRE and CRPA exhibiting distinct carbapenem resistance mechanisms, together with acceptable cytotoxicity against human HEK-293T and Caco-2 cells. The novel 4,6-dideoxy C-glycoside 5 emerged as the most promising prototype structure for further development (MIC 3.1 μg/mL when combined with colistin 0.5 μg/mL against CRPA or 0.25 μg/mL against several CRE and CRAB strains), highlighting the potential of C-glycosylation for an improved bioactive profile. This study is the first to show the potential of IM-targeting carbohydrate-based compounds for the treatment of infections caused by MDR Gram-negative pathogens of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M de Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Calado
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica Miranda
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Almeida
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amélia P Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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De Mori A, Heyraud A, Tallia F, Blunn G, Jones JR, Roncada T, Cobb J, Al-Jabri T. Ovine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis on a Novel 3D-Printed Hybrid Scaffold In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:112. [PMID: 38391598 PMCID: PMC10886199 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of silica/poly(tetrahydrofuran)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH) 3D-printed scaffolds, with channel sizes of either 200 (SC-200) or 500 (SC-500) µm, as biomaterials to support the chondrogenesis of sheep bone marrow stem cells (oBMSC), under in vitro conditions. The objective was to validate the potential use of SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH for prospective in vivo ovine studies. The behaviour of oBMSC, with and without the use of exogenous growth factors, on SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH scaffolds was investigated by analysing cell attachment, viability, proliferation, morphology, expression of chondrogenic genes (RT-qPCR), deposition of aggrecan, collagen II, and collagen I (immunohistochemistry), and quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The results showed that all the scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation with upregulation of chondrogenic markers and the deposition of a cartilage extracellular matrix (collagen II and aggrecan). Notably, SC-200 showed superior performance in terms of cartilage gene expression. These findings demonstrated that SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH with 200 µm pore size are optimal for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of oBMSC, even without the use of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Micheal's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Agathe Heyraud
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Tallia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Micheal's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tosca Roncada
- Trinity Center for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, DO2 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Cobb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Talal Al-Jabri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Mórocz M, Qorri E, Pekker E, Tick G, Haracska L. Exploring RAD18-dependent replication of damaged DNA and discontinuities: A collection of advanced tools. J Biotechnol 2024; 380:1-19. [PMID: 38072328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways mitigate the effects of DNA damage during replication by rescuing the replication fork stalled at a DNA lesion or other barriers and also repair discontinuities left in the newly replicated DNA. From yeast to mammalian cells, RAD18-regulated translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) represent the dominant pathways of DDT. Monoubiquitylation of the polymerase sliding clamp PCNA by HRAD6A-B/RAD18, an E2/E3 protein pair, enables the recruitment of specialized TLS polymerases that can insert nucleotides opposite damaged template bases. Alternatively, the subsequent polyubiquitylation of monoubiquitin-PCNA by Ubc13-Mms2 (E2) and HLTF or SHPRH (E3) can lead to the switching of the synthesis from the damaged template to the undamaged newly synthesized sister strand to facilitate synthesis past the lesion. When immediate TLS or TS cannot occur, gaps may remain in the newly synthesized strand, partly due to the repriming activity of the PRIMPOL primase, which can be filled during the later phases of the cell cycle. The first part of this review will summarize the current knowledge about RAD18-dependent DDT pathways, while the second part will offer a molecular toolkit for the identification and characterization of the cellular functions of a DDT protein. In particular, we will focus on advanced techniques that can reveal single-stranded and double-stranded DNA gaps and their repair at the single-cell level as well as monitor the progression of single replication forks, such as the specific versions of the DNA fiber and comet assays. This collection of methods may serve as a powerful molecular toolkit to monitor the metabolism of gaps, detect the contribution of relevant pathways and molecular players, as well as characterize the effectiveness of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Mórocz
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Erda Qorri
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Emese Pekker
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Tick
- Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2. H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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17
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Abusharkh HA, Robertson T, Mendenhall J, Gozen BA, Tingstad EM, Abu-Lail NI, Thiessen DB, Van Wie BJ. Impact of interstitial flow on cartilage matrix synthesis and NF-kB transcription factor mRNA expression in a novel perfusion bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3404. [PMID: 37985202 PMCID: PMC10922130 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on designing an easy-to-use novel perfusion system for articular cartilage (AC) tissue engineering and using it to elucidate the mechanism by which interstitial shear upregulates matrix synthesis by articular chondrocytes (AChs). Porous chitosan-agarose (CHAG) scaffolds were synthesized and compared to bulk agarose (AG) scaffolds. Both scaffolds were seeded with osteoarthritic human AChs and cultured in a novel perfusion system with a medium flow velocity of 0.33 mm/s corresponding to 0.4 mPa surfice shear and 40 mPa CHAG interstitial shear. While there were no statistical differences in cell viability for perfusion versus static cultures for either scaffold type, CHAG scaffolds exhibited a 3.3-fold higher (p < 0.005) cell viability compared to AG scaffold cultures. Effects of combined superficial and interstitial perfusion for CHAG showed 150- and 45-fold (p < 0.0001) increases in total collagen (COL) and 13- and 2.2-fold (p < 0.001) increases in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) over AG non-perfusion and perfusion cultures, respectively, and a 1.5-fold and 3.6-fold (p < 0.005) increase over non-perfusion CHAG cultures. Contrasting CHAG perfusion and static cultures, chondrogenic gene comparisons showed a 3.5-fold increase in collagen type II/type I (COL2A1/COL1A1) mRNA ratio (p < 0.05), and a 1.3-fold increase in aggrecan mRNA. Observed effects are linked to NF-κB signal transduction pathway inhibition as confirmed by a 3.2-fold (p < 0.05) reduction of NF-κB mRNA expression upon exposure to perfusion. Our results demonstrate that pores play a critical role in improving cell viability and that interstitial flow caused by medium perfusion through the porous scaffolds enhances the expression of chondrogenic genes and extracellular matrix through downregulating NF-κB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen A Abusharkh
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515
| | - Terreill Robertson
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515
| | | | - Bulent A Gozen
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Edwin M Tingstad
- Inland Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Clinic, 825 SE Bishop Blvd, Suite 120, Pullman, WA 99163
| | - Nehal I Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, the University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - David B Thiessen
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515
| | - Bernard J Van Wie
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515
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18
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Krymov SK, Salnikova DI, Dezhenkova LG, Bogdanov FB, Korlyukov AA, Scherbakov AM, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chalconesulfonamides: En Route to Proapoptotic Agents with Antiestrogenic Potency. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:32. [PMID: 38256865 PMCID: PMC10818622 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast and other estrogen receptor α-positive cancers tend to develop resistance to existing drugs. Chalcone derivatives possess anticancer activity based on their ability to form covalent bonds with targets acting as Michael acceptors. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties of a series of chalcones (7a-l) with a sulfonamide group attached to the vinyl ketone moiety. Chalconesulfonamides showed a potent antiproliferative effect at low micromolar concentrations against several cancer cell lines, including ERα-positive 4-hydroxytamoxifen-resistant MCF7/HT2. Immunoblotting of samples treated with the lead compound 7e revealed its potent antiestrogenic activity (ERα/GREB1 axis) and induction of PARP cleavage (an apoptosis marker) in breast cancer cells. The obtained compounds represent a promising basis for further development of targeted drugs blocking hormone pathways in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan K. Krymov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.K.); (L.G.D.)
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N. N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.S.); (F.B.B.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Lyubov G. Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.K.); (L.G.D.)
| | - Fedor B. Bogdanov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N. N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.S.); (F.B.B.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N. N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoe sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.S.); (F.B.B.); (A.M.S.)
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Prospekt Gagarina 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.K.); (L.G.D.)
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19
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Sychev AV, Lavrova AI, Dogonadze MZ, Postnikov EB. Establishing Compliance between Spectral, Colourimetric and Photometric Indicators in Resazurin Reduction Test. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:962. [PMID: 37627847 PMCID: PMC10451944 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The resazurin reduction test is one of the basic tests for bacterial culture viability and drug resistance endorsed by the World Health Organisation. At the same time, conventional spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods demand rather bulky and expensive equipment. This induces a challenge for developing simpler approaches to sensor systems that are portable and applicable in resource-limited settings. In this work, we address two such alternative approaches, based on the colour processing of the microbiological plate's photographic images and single-channel photometry with a recently developed portable microbiological analyser. The key results consist of establishing a sequential linear correspondence between the concentration of resorufin produced due to the reduction of resazurin by viable bacteria as determined by the UV-Vis studies, the intensity of the a* channel of the CIE L*a*b* colour space and the transmitted light intensity registered by a luxmeter under the LED illumination with a yellow colour filter. This route is illustrated with the chemical system "Hydrazine hydrate - resazurin", isolating the target colour change-inducing reaction and the test of determining the minimal inhibition concentration of the antibacterial first-line drug isoniazid acting on the culture of the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Sychev
- Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Lavrova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky av. 2-4, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marine Z. Dogonadze
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky av. 2-4, 191036 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene B. Postnikov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
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Kundik A, Musimbi ZD, Krücken J, Hildebrandt T, Kornilov O, Hartmann S, Ebner F. Quantifying metabolic activity of Ascaris suum L3 using resazurin reduction. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:243. [PMID: 37468906 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infections are an important public health problem in humans and have an even greater impact on domestic animal and livestock welfare. Current readouts for anthelmintic drug screening assays are stage development, migration, or motility that can be subjective, laborious, and low in throughput. The aim of this study was to apply and optimize a fluorometric technique using resazurin for evaluating changes in the metabolic activity of Ascaris suum third-stage larvae (L3), a parasite of high economic relevance in swine. METHODS Ascaris suum L3 were mechanically hatched from 6- to 8-week embryonated and sucrose-gradient-enriched eggs. Resazurin dye and A. suum L3 were titrated in 96-well microtiter plates, and resazurin reduction activity was assessed by fluorometry after 24 h of incubation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to localize the resazurin reduction site within the larvae. Finally, we exposed A. suum L3 to various stress conditions including heat, methanol, and anthelmintics, and investigated their impact on larval metabolism through resazurin reduction activity. RESULTS We show that the non-fluorescent dye resazurin is reduced inside vital A. suum L3 to fluorescent resorufin and released into the culture media. Optimal assay parameters are 100-1000 L3 per well, a resazurin concentration of 7.5 µg/ml, and incubation at 37 °C/5% CO2 for 24 h. An intact L2 sheath around the L3 of A. suum completely prevents the uptake of resazurin, while in unsheathed L3, the most intense fluorescence signal is observed along the larval midgut. L3 exposed to methanol or heat show a gradually decreased resazurin reduction activity. In addition, 24 h exposure to ivermectin at 0.625 µM, mebendazole at 5 µM, and thiabendazole from 10 to 100 µM significantly decreased larval metabolic activity by 55%, 73%, and 70% to 89%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results show that both metabolic stressors and anthelmintic drugs significantly and reproducibly reduce the resazurin reduction activity of A. suum L3, making the proposed assay a sensitive and easy-to-use method to evaluate metabolic activity of A. suum L3 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadi Kundik
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zaneta D Musimbi
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Chair of Infection Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Sitte ZR, Larson TS, McIntosh JC, Sinanian M, Lockett MR. Selecting the appropriate indirect viability assay for 3D paper-based cultures: a data-driven study. Analyst 2023; 148:2245-2255. [PMID: 37073480 PMCID: PMC10192127 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellular viability measurements quantify decreased proliferation or increased cytotoxicity caused by drug candidates or potential environmental toxins. Direct viability measures count each cell to provide an accurate readout. This approach can prove analytically challenging and time-consuming when cells are maintained in 3D structures akin to tissues or solid tumors. While less labor-intensive, indirect viability measures can be less accurate due to the heterogeneous structural and chemical microenvironment that arises when cells are maintained in tissue-like architectures and in contact with extracellular matrices. Here we determine the analytical figures of merit of five indirect viability assays in the paper-based cell culture platform we continue to develop in our laboratory: calcein-AM staining, the CellTiter-Glo assay, imaging fluorescent protein expression, propidium iodide staining, and the resazurin assay. We also determined the compatibility of each indirect assay with hypoxic conditions, intra-experimental repeatability, inter-experimental reproducibility, and ability to predict a potency value for a known antineoplastic drug. Our results show that each assay has benefits and drawbacks to consider when choosing the appropriate readout to answer a particular research question. We also highlight that only one indirect readout is unaffected by hypoxia, a commonly overlooked variable in cell culture that likely yields inaccurate viability measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sitte
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Tyler S Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Julie C McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Melanie Sinanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Davis Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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22
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Saar M, Lavogina D, Lust H, Tamm H, Jaal J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors modulate the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:152. [PMID: 36936028 PMCID: PMC10018276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ICIs are increasingly used in combination with cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy. Although combined treatments are more effective, not all patients respond to the therapy; therefore, a detailed understanding of the effect of treatment combinations at the tumour level is needed. The present study aimed to explore whether ICIs could affect the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different PD-L1 expression levels (high, HCC-44; low, A-549). Using the resazurin-based assay, the efficacy of seven chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, etoposide, gemcitabine, pemetrexed, vinorelbine, docetaxel and paclitaxel) was compared in the presence or absence of the individually chosen single doses of four ICIs (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab and durvalumab). The results revealed that different ICIs can exhibit either potentiating or depotentiating effects, depending on the chemotherapy agent or lung adenocarcinoma cell line used. Durvalumab was the most promising ICI, which potentiated most chemotherapy agents in both cell lines, especially in the case of high PD-L1 expression. By contrast, nivolumab, exhibited depotentiating trends in several combinations. The immunostaining of γH2AX in treated cells confirmed that the potentiation of the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity by durvalumab was at least partially mediated via increased DNA damage; however, this effect was strongly dependent on the chemotherapy agent and cell line used. Our future studies aim to address the specific mechanisms underlying the observed ICI-induced potentiation or depotentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Saar
- Pharmacy Department, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Pharmacy Institute, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence to: Ms. Marika Saar or Professor Jana Jaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia, E-mail:
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Lust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hannes Tamm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Pathology Department, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Haematology and Oncology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence to: Ms. Marika Saar or Professor Jana Jaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia, E-mail:
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23
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Khandaker M, Lane R, Yeakley S, Alizereej H, Nikfarjam S, Ait Moussa A, Vaughan MB, Haleem AM. Evaluation of a Bioabsorbable Scaffold and Interlocked Nail System for Segmental Bone Defect. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040183. [PMID: 37103273 PMCID: PMC10141685 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we designed and manufactured a scaffold and fixation system for the reconstruction of long-bone segmental defects in a rabbit tibia model. We used biocompatible and biodegradable materials, polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL soaked with sodium alginate (PCL-Alg) to manufacture the scaffold, interlocking nail and screws using a phase separation casing method. Degradation and mechanical tests on the PCL and PCL-Alg scaffolds indicated that both were suitable for faster degradation and early weight-bearing capacity. PCL scaffold surface porosity facilitated the infiltration of alginate hydrogel through the scaffold. Cell viability results showed that the number of cells increased on Day 7 and decreased marginally by Day 14. For accurate placement of the scaffold and fixation system, a surgical jig was designed and 3D-printed using biocompatible resin in a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer, then cured with UV light for increased strength. Our cadaver tests using New Zealand White rabbit confirmed our novel jigs’ potential for accurate placement of the bone scaffold, intramedullary nail and the alignment of the fixation screws in future reconstructive surgeries on rabbit long-bone segmental defects. Additionally, the cadaver tests confirmed that our designed nails and screws were strong enough to carry the surgical insertion force. Therefore, our designed prototype has the potential for further clinical translational study using the rabbit tibia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morshed Khandaker
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-974-5935; Fax: +1-405-974-3812
| | - Reuben Lane
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Shannon Yeakley
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Hussein Alizereej
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Sadegh Nikfarjam
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Abdellah Ait Moussa
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Melville B. Vaughan
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Amgad M. Haleem
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Vieira-da-Silva B, Castanho MARB. Resazurin Reduction-Based Assays Revisited: Guidelines for Accurate Reporting of Relative Differences on Metabolic Status. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052283. [PMID: 36903528 PMCID: PMC10005198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell viability and metabolic activity are ubiquitous parameters used in biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnological studies. Virtually all toxicology and pharmacological projects include at some point the evaluation of cell viability and/or metabolic activity. Among the methods used to address cell metabolic activity, resazurin reduction is probably the most common. At variance with resazurin, resorufin is intrinsically fluorescent, which simplifies its detection. Resazurin conversion to resorufin in the presence of cells is used as a reporter of metabolic activity of cells and can be detected by a simple fluorometric assay. UV-Vis absorbance is an alternative technique but is not as sensitive. In contrast to its wide empirical "black box" use, the chemical and cell biology fundamentals of the resazurin assay are underexplored. Resorufin is further converted to other species, which jeopardizes the linearity of the assays, and the interference of extracellular processes has to be accounted for when quantitative bioassays are aimed at. In this work, we revisit the fundamentals of metabolic activity assays based on the reduction of resazurin. Deviation to linearity both in calibration and kinetics, as well as the existence of competing reactions for resazurin and resorufin and their impact on the outcome of the assay, are addressed. In brief, fluorometric ratio assays using low resazurin concentrations obtained from data collected at short time intervals are proposed to ensure reliable conclusions.
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25
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Uhlířová R, Langová D, Bendová A, Gross M, Skoumalová P, Márová I. Antimicrobial Activity of Gelatin Nanofibers Enriched by Essential Oils against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:844. [PMID: 36903722 PMCID: PMC10005654 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition that is caused by an imbalance in skin microbiomes mainly by the overgrowth of strains such as Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis which affect both teenagers and adults. Drug resistance, dosing, mood alteration, and other issues hinder traditional therapy. This study aimed to create a novel dissolvable nanofiber patch containing essential oils (EOs) from Lavandula angustifolia and Mentha piperita for acne vulgaris treatment. The EOs were characterized based on antioxidant activity and chemical composition using HPLC and GC/MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity against C. acnes and S. epidermidis was observed by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MICs were in the range of 5.7-9.4 μL/mL, and MBCs 9.4-25.0 μL/mL. The EOs were integrated into gelatin nanofibers by electrospinning and SEM images of the fibers were taken. Only the addition of 20% of pure essential oil led to minor diameter and morphology alteration. The agar diffusion tests were performed. Pure and diluted Eos in almond oil exhibited a strong antibacterial effect on C. acnes and S. epidermidis. After incorporation into nanofibers, we were able to focus the antimicrobial effect only on the spot of application with no effect on the surrounding microorganisms. Lastly, for cytotoxicity evaluation, and MTT assay was performed with promising results that samples in the tested range had a low impact on HaCaT cell line viability. In conclusion, our gelatin nanofibers containing EOs are suitable for further investigation as prospective antimicrobial patches for acne vulgaris local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Uhlířová
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Semisynthetic Sesquiterpene Lactones Generated by the Sensibility of Glaucolide B to Lewis and Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases: Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031243. [PMID: 36770909 PMCID: PMC9921329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactone (SL) subtypes including hirsutinolide and cadinanolide have a controversial genesis. Metabolites of these classes are either described as natural products or as artifacts produced via the influence of solvents, chromatographic mobile phases, and adsorbents used in phytochemical studies. Based on this divergence, and to better understand the sensibility of these metabolites, different pH conditions were used to prepare semisynthetic SLs and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Therefore, glaucolide B (1) was treated with various Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acids and bases-the same approach was applied to some of its derivatives-allowing us to obtain 14 semisynthetic SL derivatives, 10 of which are hereby reported for the first time. Hirsutinolide derivatives 7a (CC50 = 5.0 µM; SI = 2.5) and 7b (CC50 = 11.2 µM; SI = 2.5) and the germacranolide derivative 8a (CC50 = 3.1 µM; SI = 3.0) revealed significant cytotoxic activity and selectivity against human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells when compared with that against non-tumoral HUVEC cells. Additionally, compounds 7a and 7c.1 showed strongly reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitrite (NOx) release in pre-treated M1 macrophages J774A.1 when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Despite the fact that hirsutinolide and cadinanolide SLs may be produced via plant metabolism, this study shows that acidic and alkaline extraction and solid-phase purification processes can promote their formation.
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27
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Graziosi A, Sita G, Corrieri C, Angelini S, d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E, Sorrentino R, Hrelia P, Morroni F. Effects of Subtoxic Concentrations of Atrazine, Cypermethrin, and Vinclozolin on microRNA-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314538. [PMID: 36498866 PMCID: PMC9737829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are different natural and synthetic chemicals that may interfere with several mechanisms of the endocrine system producing adverse developmental, metabolic, reproductive, and neurological effects in both human beings and wildlife. Among pesticides, numerous chemicals have been identified as EDCs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression, making fine adjustments in mRNA abundance and regulating proteostasis. We hypothesized that exposure to low doses of atrazine, cypermethrin, and vinclozolin may lead to effects on miRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells. In particular, the exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to subtoxic concentrations of vinclozolin is able to downregulate miR-29b-3p expression leading to the increase in the related gene expression of ADAM12 and CDK6, which may promote a pro-oncogenic response through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and counteracting p53 activity. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of EDCs could provide important insight into their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Corrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Study of Naples—Federico II, via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Study of Naples—Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1798
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology—FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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28
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Sandoval-García K, Alvarado-Mendoza AG, Jiménez-Avalos JA, García-Carvajal ZY, Olea-Rodríguez MA, Cajero-Zul LR, Nuño-Donlucas SM. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the toxicity, drug release ability and antibacterial capacity of nanocomposites of polyethylene glycol and functionalized carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2145220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sandoval-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Abraham G. Alvarado-Mendoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jorge A. Jiménez-Avalos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Zaira Y. García-Carvajal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - María A. Olea-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmocología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Leonardo R. Cajero-Zul
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sergio M. Nuño-Donlucas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Kobyakova M, Lomovskaya Y, Senotov A, Lomovsky A, Minaychev V, Fadeeva I, Shtatnova D, Krasnov K, Zvyagina A, Odinokova I, Akatov V, Fadeev R. The Increase in the Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Culture Is Associated with Inflammatory-like Activation and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147881. [PMID: 35887226 PMCID: PMC9324792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that cell culture density can modulate the drug resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. In this work, we studied the drug sensitivity of AML cells in high-density cell cultures (cell lines THP-1, HL-60, MV4-11, and U937). It was shown that the AML cells in high-density cell cultures in vitro were significantly more resistant to DNA-damaging drugs and recombinant ligand izTRAIL than those in low-density cell cultures. To elucidate the mechanism of the increased drug resistance of AML cells in high-density cell cultures, we studied the activation of Bcl-2, Hif-1alpha, and NF-kB proteins, as well as cytokine secretion, the inflammatory immunophenotype, and the transcriptome for THP-1 cells in the low-density and high-density cultures. The results indicated that the increase in the drug resistance of proliferating THP-1 cells in high-density cell cultures was associated with the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in extracellular medium, and the formation of NF-kB-dependent inflammatory-like cell activation with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. The increased drug resistance of THP-1 cells in high-density cultures can be reduced by ABT-737, an inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, and by inhibitors of NF-kB. The results suggest a mechanism for increasing the drug resistance of AML cells in the bone marrow and are of interest for developing a strategy to suppress this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kobyakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Yana Lomovskaya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Anatoly Senotov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Alexey Lomovsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladislav Minaychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Irina Fadeeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria Shtatnova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Kirill Krasnov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alena Zvyagina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Irina Odinokova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladimir Akatov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Roman Fadeev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (M.K.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (V.M.); (I.F.); (D.S.); (K.K.); (A.Z.); (I.O.); (V.A.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-977-706-65-67
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