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Kanamori K, Ahmad SM, Hamid A, Lutfy K. Chronic Exposure to E-Cigarettes Elevates CYP2A5 Activity, Protein Expression, and Cotinine-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:171-179. [PMID: 38195520 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarin 7'-hydroxylase activity, a specific marker of CYP2A5 activity, and the protein level were measured in liver microsomes of male mice after chronic exposure to e-cigarettes (e-cigs) (2.4% nicotine). After exposure for 240 minutes per day for 5 days, the activity and the protein level in preproenkephalin (ppENK)-heterozygous [ppENK (+/-)] mice were significantly elevated (P <0.05) compared with the untreated control. This elevation was not due to deletion of the ppENK gene because the activity did not differ among untreated ppENK (+/-), ppENK (-/-), and wild-type ppENK (+/+) controls. Hence, the elevation can reasonably be attributed to nicotine exposure. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon incubation of the hepatic microsomes of these mice with cotinine was higher in microsomes from the e-cig-treated mice compared with the untreated controls (P < 0.01). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay showed three oxidation products of cotinine, viz trans 3'-hydroxycotinine (3'-HC), 5'-hydroxycotinine (5'-HC), and cotinine N-oxide (CNO) in the plasma of these mice. The result identifies these three oxidation reactions as the source of the observed ROS and also shows that, in nicotine-treated mice, the appropriate "nicotine metabolite ratio" is (3'-HC + 5'-HC + CNO)/cotinine. The results suggest intriguing possibilities that 1) this metabolite ratio may correlate with plasma nicotine clearance and hence impact nicotine's psychoactive effects and 2) chronic e-cig treatment causes ROS-induced oxidative stress, which may play a major role in the regulation of CYP2A5 expression. Our present results clearly show that both the activity and the protein level of CYP2A5 are elevated by repeated exposure to nicotine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nicotine, the psychoactive ingredient of tobacco, is eliminated as the oxidation products of cotinine in reactions catalyzed by the enzymes CYP2A5 in mice and CYP2A6 in humans. This study shows that repeated exposure to e-cigarettes elevates the level of CYP2A5 and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The results suggest an intriguing possibility that CYP2A5 may be upregulated by chronic nicotine exposure due to oxidative stress caused by the oxidation of cotinine in this preclinical model of human smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kanamori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Syed M Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California (K.K., S.M.A., A.H., K.L.) and Lab Launch, Monrovia, California (K.K.)
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Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Leigh N, Hutson A, Goniewicz ML, Thanavala YM. Do alternative tobacco products induce less adverse respiratory risk than cigarettes? Respir Res 2023; 24:261. [PMID: 37907902 PMCID: PMC10617138 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to the relatively short existence of alternative tobacco products, gaps exist in our current understanding of their long-term respiratory health effects. We therefore undertook the first-ever side-by-side comparison of the impact of chronic inhalation of aerosols emitted from electronic cigarettes (EC) and heated tobacco products (HTP), and combustible cigarettes (CC) smoke. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential differential effects of alternative tobacco products on lung inflammatory responses and efficacy of vaccination in comparison to CC. METHODS Mice were exposed to emissions from EC, HTP, CC, or air for 8 weeks. BAL and lung tissue were analyzed for markers of inflammation, lung damage, and oxidative stress. Another group was exposed for 12 weeks and vaccinated and challenged with a bacterial respiratory infection. Antibody titers in BAL and sera and pulmonary bacterial clearance were assessed. MAIN RESULTS EC- and HTP-aerosols significantly augmented lung immune cell infiltrates equivalent to that achieved following CC-exposure. HTP and CC significantly increased neutrophil numbers compared to EC. All products augmented numbers of B cells, T cells, and pro-inflammatory IL17A+ T cells in the lungs. Decreased lung antioxidant activity and lung epithelial and endothelial damage was induced by all products. EC and HTP differentially augmented inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the BAL. Generation of immunity following vaccination was impaired by EC and HTP but to a lesser extent than CC, with a CC > HTP > EC hierarchy of suppression of pulmonary bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS HTP and EC-aerosols induced a proinflammatory pulmonary microenvironment, lung damage, and suppressed efficacy of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suresh G Kalathil
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Noel Leigh
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin M Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Tsao CH, Wu KY, Su NC, Edwards A, Huang GJ. The influence of sex difference on behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17297. [PMID: 37828065 PMCID: PMC10570284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been used extensively in in vivo studies, especially within the biomedical field. Traditionally, single-sex studies, mostly males, are used to avoid any potential confounding variation caused by sex difference and the female estrous cycle. Historically, female animal subjects are believed to exhibit higher variability, and this could increase the statistical power needed to test a hypothesis. This study sets out to evaluate whether a sex difference does exist in mouse behavior, and whether female mice featured higher variability. We assessed the sensorimotor skills, anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, and cognitive abilities of mice through a series of commonly used behavioral tests. Except for the stronger grip force and lower tactile sensory sensitivity detected in male mice, there was no significant difference between males and females in other tests. Furthermore, immunolabeling of neurogenesis markers suggested no significant difference between sexes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Within group variances were equivalent; females did not exhibit higher variability than males. However, the overall negative results could be due to the limitation of small sample size. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that sex difference in mice does not significantly influence these commonly used behavioral tests nor adult neurogenesis under basal conditions. We suggest that female mice could also be considered for test inclusion in future experiment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Ching Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Dykebar Hospital, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Paisley, PA2 7DE, Scotland
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Chen J, Xiao H, Xue R, Kumar V, Aslam R, Mehdi SF, Luo H, Malhotra A, Lan X, Singhal P. Nicotine exacerbates diabetic nephropathy through upregulation of Grem1 expression. Mol Med 2023; 29:92. [PMID: 37415117 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Clinical reports indicate that smoking is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease, and the tobacco epidemic exacerbates kidney damage in patients with DN. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHOD In the present study, we used a diabetic mouse model to investigate the molecular mechanisms for nicotine-exacerbated DN. Twelve-week-old female mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic diabetic model. After four months, the control and hyperglycemic diabetic mice were further divided into four groups (control, nicotine, diabetic mellitus, nicotine + diabetic mellitus) by intraperitoneal injection of nicotine or PBS. After two months, urine and blood were collected for kidney injury assay, and renal tissues were harvested for further molecular assays using RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro studies, we used siRNA to suppress Grem1 expression in human podocytes. Then we treated them with nicotine and high glucose to compare podocyte injury. RESULT Nicotine administration alone did not cause apparent kidney injury, but it significantly increased hyperglycemia-induced albuminuria, BUN, plasma creatinine, and the kidney tissue mRNA expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Results from RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that, compared to hyperglycemia or nicotine alone, the combination of nicotine treatment and hyperglycemia significantly increased the expression of Grem1 and worsened DN. In vitro experiments, suppression of Grem1 expression attenuated nicotine-exacerbated podocyte injury. CONCLUSION Grem1 plays a vital role in nicotine-exacerbated DN. Grem1 may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic smokers with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Chen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Syed Faizan Mehdi
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Pravin Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Ma L, Zeng W, Tan Z, Wang R, Yang Y, Lin S, Li F, Wang S. Activated Hepatic Nuclear Factor-κB in Experimental Colitis Regulates CYP2A5 and Metronidazole Disposition. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1222-1229. [PMID: 36583631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic exposure of metronidazole is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), while the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we aim to decipher the mechanisms by which experimental colitis regulates metronidazole disposition in mice. We first confirmed that the systemic exposure of metronidazole was elevated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. Hepatic microsomal incubation with metronidazole revealed that the production rate of 2-hydroxymetronidazole was inhibited, suggestive of a diminished hydroxylation reaction upon colitis. Remarkably, the hydroxylation reaction of metronidazole was selectively catalyzed by CYP2A5, which was downregulated in the liver of colitis mice. In addition, hepatic nuclear factor (NF)-κB (a prototypical and critical signaling pathway in inflammation) was activated in colitis mice. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that NF-κB downregulated Cyp2a5 transcription through binding to an NF-κB binding site (-1711 to -1720 bp) in the promoter. We further verified that the regulatory effects of colitis on CYP2A5 depended on the disease itself rather than the DSS compound. First, one-day administration of DSS did not alter mRNA and protein levels of CYP2A5. Moreover, CYP2A5 was suppressed in the Il-10-/- spontaneously developing colitis model. Furthermore, Cyp2a5 expression was downregulated in both groups of mice with modest or severe colitis, whereas the expression change was much more significant in severe colitis as compared to modest colitis. Altogether, activated hepatic NF-κB in experimental colitis regulates CYP2A5 and metronidazole disposition, revealing the mechanism of pharmacokinetic instability under IBDs, and providing a theoretical foundation for rational drug use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanying Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyi Tan
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shubin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Li
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Whitehead AK, Meyers MC, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Yue X, Byerley LO. Sex-Dependent Effects of Inhaled Nicotine on the Gut Microbiome. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1363-1370. [PMID: 35271725 PMCID: PMC9356677 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of nicotine, the addictive component of both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, on many physiological processes remains poorly understood. To date, there have been few investigations into the impact of nicotine on the gut microbiome, and these studies utilized oral administration rather than inhalation. This study aimed to establish if inhaled nicotine alters the gut microbiome and the effect of sex as a biological variable. METHODS Female (n = 8 air; n = 10 nicotine) and male (n = 10 air; n = 10 nicotine) C57BL6/J mice were exposed to air (control) or nicotine vapor (12 hour/day) for 13 weeks. A fecal sample was collected from each mouse at the time of sacrifice, and the gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. QIIME2, PICRUSt, and STAMP were used to detect gut bacterial differences and functional metabolic pathways. RESULTS Sex-specific differences were observed in both alpha and beta diversities in the absence of nicotine. While nicotine alters microbial community structure in both male and female mice as revealed by the beta diversity metric, nicotine significantly reduced alpha diversity only in female mice. A total of 42 bacterial taxa from phylum to species were found to be significantly different among the treatment groups. Finally, analysis for functional genes revealed significant differences in twelve metabolic pathways in female mice and ten in male mice exposed to nicotine compared to air controls. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine inhalation alters the gut microbiome and reduces bacterial diversity in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute to the overall adverse health impact of nicotine. IMPLICATIONS The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the well-being of the host, and traditional cigarette smoking has been shown to affect the gut microbiome. The effects of nicotine alone, however, remain largely uncharacterized. Our study demonstrates that nicotine inhalation alters the gut microbiome in a sex-specific manner, which may contribute to the adverse health consequences of inhaled nicotine. This study points to the importance of more detailed investigations into the influence of inhaled nicotine on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Margaret C Meyers
- Career Alternative Registered Nurse Education Program, School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Xinping Yue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lauri O Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Alasmari F, Alasmari AF, Elzayat E, Alotaibi MM, Alotaibi FM, Attwa MW, Alanazi FK, Abdelgadir EH, Ahmad SR, Alqahtani F, AL-Rejaie SS, Alshammari MA. Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:678-686. [PMID: 35830983 PMCID: PMC9749686 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.7.20220142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect the cotinine and nicotine serum concentrations of female and male C57BL/6J mice after a 4-week exposure to electronic (e)-cigarette vapors using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS This experimental study was carried out at an animal facility and laboratories, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and August 2020. A 4-week exposure to e-cigarettes was carried out using male and female mice and serum samples were obtained for cotinine and nicotine quantification using UPLC-MS/MS. The chromatographic procedures involved the use of a BEH HSS T3 C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile as a mobile phase and 0.1% formic acid (2:98 v/v). RESULTS The applied methodology has highly efficient properties of detection, estimation, and extraction, where the limit of quantification (LOQ) for nicotine was 0.57 ng/mL and limit of detection (LOD) for nicotine was 0.19 ng/mL, while the LOQ for cotinine was 1.11 ng/mL and LOD for cotinine was 0.38 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was r2>0.99 for both compounds. The average recovery rate was 101.6±1.33 for nicotine and 100.4±0.54 for cotinine, while the precision and accuracy for cotinine and nicotine were less than 6.1. The serum cotinine level was higher in males (433.7±19.55) than females (362.3±16.27). CONCLUSION This study showed that the gender factor might play a crucial role in nicotine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Fawaz Alasmari, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-5892
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab Elzayat
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majed M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farraj M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahmad
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim S. AL-Rejaie
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Whitehead AK, Fried ND, Li Z, Neelamegam K, Pearson CS, LaPenna KB, Sharp TE, Lefer DJ, Lazartigues E, Gardner JD, Yue X. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates chronic nicotine inhalation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:973-987. [PMID: 35678315 PMCID: PMC10199464 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases; however, the effects of nicotine alone on cardiopulmonary function remain largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that chronic nicotine vapor inhalation in mice leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with right ventricular (RV) remodeling. The present study aims to further examine the cardiopulmonary effects of nicotine and the role of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), which is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. Wild-type (WT) and α7-nAChR knockout (α7-nAChR-/-) mice were exposed to room air (control) or nicotine vapor daily for 12 weeks. Consistent with our previous study, echocardiography and RV catheterization reveal that male WT mice developed increased RV systolic pressure with RV hypertrophy and dilatation following 12-week nicotine vapor exposure; in contrast, these changes were not observed in male α7-nAChR-/- mice. In addition, chronic nicotine inhalation failed to induce PH and RV remodeling in female mice regardless of genotype. The effects of nicotine on the vasculature were further examined in male mice. Our results show that chronic nicotine inhalation led to impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatory response in both thoracic aortas and pulmonary arteries, and these effects were accompanied by altered endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (enhanced inhibitory phosphorylation at threonine 495) and reduced plasma nitrite levels in WT but not α7-nAChR-/- mice. Finally, RNA sequencing revealed up-regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways in thoracic aortas from WT but not α7-nAChR-/- mice. We conclude that the α7-nAChR mediates chronic nicotine inhalation-induced PH, RV remodeling and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas D. Fried
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Kandasamy Neelamegam
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Charlotte S. Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Thomas E. Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine Section of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - David J. Lefer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care Systems, New Orleans, LA 70119, U.S.A
| | - Jason D. Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
| | - Xinping Yue
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S.A
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9
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Veenit V, Zhang X, Ambrosini A, Sousa V, Svenningsson P. The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:410. [PMID: 35008836 PMCID: PMC8745300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, a substrate of parkin which is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and affective disorders. In this study, we sought to address the effects of early life stress (ELS) by employing the paradigm of limited nesting material on emotional behaviors in adult GPR37 knockout (KO) mice. Our results showed that, while there was an adverse effect of ELS on various domains of emotional behaviors in wild type (WT) mice in a sex specific manner (anxiety in females, depression and context-dependent fear memory in males), GPR37KO mice subjected to ELS exhibited less deteriorated emotional behaviors. GPR37KO female mice under ELS conditions displayed reduced anxiety compared to WT mice. This was paralleled by lower plasma corticosterone in GPR37KO females and a lower increase in P-T286-CaMKII by ELS in the amygdala. GPR37KO male mice, under ELS conditions, showed better retention of hippocampal-dependent emotional processing in the passive avoidance behavioral task. GPR37KO male mice showed increased immobility in the forced swim task and increased P-T286-CaMKII in the ventral hippocampus under baseline conditions. Taken together, our data showed overall long-term effects of ELS-deleterious or beneficial depending on the genotype, sex of the mice and the emotional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Veenit
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (X.Z.); (A.A.); (V.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (X.Z.); (A.A.); (V.S.)
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10
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Moen JK, Lee AM. Sex Differences in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor System of Rodents: Impacts on Nicotine and Alcohol Reward Behaviors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:745783. [PMID: 34621155 PMCID: PMC8490611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.745783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are the two most widely used and misused drugs around the world, and co-consumption of both substances is highly prevalent. Multiple lines of evidence show a profound effect of sex in many aspects of alcohol and nicotine reward, with women having more difficulty quitting smoking and showing a faster progression toward developing alcohol use disorder compared with men. Both alcohol and nicotine require neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to elicit rewarding effects within the mesolimbic system, representing a shared molecular pathway that likely contributes to the frequent comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence. However, the majority of preclinical studies on the mechanisms of alcohol and nicotine reward behaviors utilize only male rodents, and thus our understanding of alcohol and nicotine neuropharmacology relies heavily on male data. As preclinical research informs the development and refinement of therapies to help patients reduce drug consumption, it is critical to understand the way biological sex and sex hormones influence the rewarding properties of alcohol and nicotine. In this review, we summarize what is known about sex differences in rodent models of alcohol and nicotine reward behaviors with a focus on neuronal nAChRs, highlighting exciting areas for future research. Additionally, we discuss the way circulating sex hormones may interact with neuronal nAChRs to influence reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna K Moen
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna M Lee
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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11
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Fakira AK, Lueptow LM, Trimbake NA, Devi LA. PEN Receptor GPR83 in Anxiety-Like Behaviors: Differential Regulation in Global vs Amygdalar Knockdown. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675769. [PMID: 34512237 PMCID: PMC8427670 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent across the United States and result in a large personal and societal burden. Currently, numerous therapeutic and pharmaceutical treatment options exist. However, drugs to classical receptor targets have shown limited efficacy and often come with unpleasant side effects, highlighting the need to identify novel targets involved in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. GPR83, a recently deorphanized receptor activated by the abundant neuropeptide PEN, has also been identified as a glucocorticoid regulated receptor (and named GIR) suggesting that this receptor may be involved in stress-responses that underlie anxiety. Consistent with this, GPR83 null mice have been found to be resistant to stress-induced anxiety. However, studies examining the role of GPR83 within specific brain regions or potential sex differences have been lacking. In this study, we investigate anxiety-related behaviors in male and female mice with global knockout and following local GPR83 knockdown in female mice. We find that a global knockdown of GPR83 has minimal impact on anxiety-like behaviors in female mice and a decrease in anxiety-related behaviors in male mice. In contrast, a local GPR83 knockdown in the basolateral amygdala leads to more anxiety-related behaviors in female mice. Local GPR83 knockdown in the central amygdala or nucleus accumbens (NAc) showed no significant effect on anxiety-related behaviors. Finally, dexamethasone administration leads to a significant decrease in receptor expression in the amygdala and NAc of female mice. Together, our studies uncover a significant, but divergent role for GPR83 in different brain regions in the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors, which is furthermore dependent on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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