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Prajapati A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Chhabra S, Das Gupta G. Purmorphamine, a Smo-Shh/Gli Activator, Promotes Sonic Hedgehog-Mediated Neurogenesis and Restores Behavioural and Neurochemical Deficits in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1556-1576. [PMID: 38160216 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pathological condition characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, primarily attributed to the destruction of oligodendrocytes and subsequent motor neuron impairment. Ethidium bromide (EB) is a neurotoxic compound that induces neuronal degeneration, resulting in demyelination and symptoms resembling those observed in experimental animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). The neurotoxic effects induced by EB in multiple sclerosis (MS) are distinguished by the death of oligodendrocytes, degradation of myelin basic protein (MBP), and deterioration of axons. Neurological complications related to MS have been linked to alterations in the signaling pathway known as smo-shh. Purmorphine (PUR) is a semi-synthetic compound that exhibits potent Smo-shh agonistic activity. It possesses various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuromodulatory effects. Hence, the current investigation was conducted to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of PUR (at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) both individually and in conjunction with Fingolimod (FING) (at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) in the experimental model of MS induced by EB. The administration of EB was conducted via the intracerebropeduncle route (ICP) over a period of seven days in the brain of rats. The Wistar rats were allocated into six groups using randomization, each consisting of eight rats (n = 8 per group). The experimental groups in this study were categorized as follows: (I) Sham Control, (II) Vehicle Control, (III) PUR per se, (IV) EB, (V) EB + PUR5, (VI) EB + PUR10, (VII) EB + FING 0.5, and (VIII) EB + PUR10 + FING 0.5. On the final day of the experimental timeline, all animal subjects were euthanized, and subsequent neurochemical estimations were conducted on cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, and brain tissue samples. In addition, we conducted neurofilament (NFL) analysis and histopathological examination. We utilized the luxol myelin stain to understand better the degeneration associated with MS and its associated neurological complications. The findings of our study indicate that the activation of SMO-Shh by PUR has a mitigating effect on neurobehavioral impairments induced by EB, as well as a restorative effect on cellular and neurotransmitter abnormalities in an experimental model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), NAAC Accredited "A" Grade College, GT Road, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
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Liu QQ, Mi J, Du YY, Rong Z, Qin Y, Jiang W, Li X, Yu JY, Yang L, Du XY, Yang Q, Guo YY. Lotusine ameliorates propionic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder-like behavior in mice by activating D1 dopamine receptor in medial prefrontal cortex. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1089-1103. [PMID: 38168755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric condition for which effective drug therapy for core clinical symptoms remains elusive. Lotusine, known for its neuroprotective properties in the treatment of neurological disorders, holds potential in addressing ASD. Nevertheless, its specific efficacy in ASD remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of lotusine in ASD and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We induced an ASD mouse model through intracerebroventricular-propionic acid (ICV-PPA) injection for 7 days, followed by lotusine administration for 5 days. The efficacy of lotusine was evaluated through a battery of behavioral tests, including the three-chamber social test. The underlying mechanisms of lotusine action in ameliorating ASD-like behavior were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay. The efficacy and mechanisms of lotusine were further validated in vitro. Lotusine effectively alleviated social deficits induced by ICV-PPA injection in mice by counteracting the reduction in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency within the mPFC. Moreover, lotusine enhanced neuronal activity and ameliorated α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor dysfunction in ICV-PPA infusion mice by upregulating c-fos, p-GluA1 Ser 845, and p-GluA1 Ser 831 protein levels within the mPFC. Our findings also suggest that lotusine may exert its effects through modulation of the D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1). Furthermore, the rescuing effects of lotusine were nullified by a DRD1 antagonist in PC12 cells. In summary, our results revealed that lotusine ameliorates ASD-like behavior through targeted modulation of DRD1, ultimately enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission. These findings highlight the potential of lotusine as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Ya-Ya Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Jiao-Yan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
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Al-Radadi NS, Al-Bishri WM, Salem NA, ElShebiney SA. Plant-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Passiflora ligularis, optimization, characterizations, and their neuroprotective effect on propionic acid-induced autism in Wistar rats. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101921. [PMID: 38283153 PMCID: PMC10820356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to examine an innovative method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from an aqueous sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) P. ligularis. Furthermore, the synthesized AuNPs were used to explore their potential neuroprotective impact against propionic acid (PPA)-induced autism. A sweet granadilla extract was used to achieve the synthesis of AuNPs. The structural and dimensional dispersion of AuNPs were confirmed by different techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Pattern, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Zeta potential, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The AuNPs mediated by P. ligularis adopt a spherical shape morphology and the particle size was distributed in the range of 8.43-13 nm without aggregation. Moreover, in vivo, the anti-autistic effects of AuNPs administration were higher than those of P. ligularis extract per second. In addition, the reduced anxiety and neurobehavioral deficits of AuNPs were observed in autistic rats which halted the brain oxidative stress, reduced inflammatory cytokines, ameliorated neurotransmitters, and neurochemical release, and suppressed apoptotic genes (p < 0.05). The alleviated antiapoptotic gene expression and histopathological analysis confirmed that the treatment of AuNPs showed significant neural pathways that aid in reducing tissue damage and necrosis. The results emphasize that the biomedical activity was increased by using the green source synthesis P. ligularis -AuNPs. Additionally, the formulation of AuNPs demonstrates strong neuroprotective effects against PPA-induced autism that were arbitrated by a range of different mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuromodulator, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa S. Al-Radadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 14177, Saudi Arabia
| | - Widad M. Al-Bishri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. ElShebiney
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Sharma S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Icariin prevents methylmercury-induced experimental neurotoxicity: Evidence from cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, brain samples, and in-silico investigations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24050. [PMID: 38226245 PMCID: PMC10788811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes significant neurodegeneration. Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a neurotoxin that induces axonal neurodegeneration and motor nerve degeneration by destroying oligodendrocytes, degenerating white matter, inducing apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and reducing myelin basic protein (MBP). This study examines the inhibition of SIRT-1 (silence information regulator 1), Nrf-2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2), HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), and TDP-43 (TAR-DNA-binding protein 43) accumulation in the context of ALS, as well as the modulation of these proteins by icariin (15 and 30 mg/kg, orally), a glycoside flavonoid with neuroprotective properties. Neuroprotective icariin activates SIRT-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1, mitigating inflammation and neuronal injury in neurodegenerative disorders. In-vivo and in-silico testing of experimental ALS models confirmed icariin efficacy in modulating these cellular targets. The addition of sirtinol 10 mg/kg, an inhibitor of SIRT-1, helps determine the effectiveness of icariin. In this study, we also examined neurobehavioral, neurochemical, histopathological, and LFB (Luxol fast blue) markers in various biological samples, including Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma, and brain homogenates (Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Striatum, mid-brain, and Cerebellum). These results demonstrate that the administration of icariin ameliorates experimental ALS and that the mechanism underlying these benefits is likely related to regulating the SIRT-1, Nrf-2, and HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Sharma
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Das Gupta G, Narula AS. Guggulsterone Selectively Modulates STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-Gamma Signaling in a Methylmercury-Exposed Experimental Neurotoxicity: Evidence from CSF, Blood Plasma, and Brain Samples. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03902-x. [PMID: 38170440 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a paralytic disease that damages the brain and spinal cord motor neurons. Several clinical and preclinical studies have found that methylmercury (MeHg+) causes ALS. In ALS, MeHg+-induced neurotoxicity manifests as oligodendrocyte destruction; myelin basic protein (MBP) deficiency leads to axonal death. ALS development has been connected to an increase in signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. Guggulsterone (GST), a plant-derived chemical produced from Commiphorawhighitii resin, has been found to protect against ALS by modulating these signaling pathways. Vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency has been related to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) damage, demyelination, and white matter deterioration, which results in motor neuron death. As a result, the primary goal of this work was to investigate the therapeutic potential of GST by altering STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma levels in a MeHg+-exposed experimental model of ALS in adult rats. The GST30 and 60 mg/kg oral treatments significantly improved the behavioral, motor, and cognitive dysfunctions and increased remyelination, as proven by the Luxol Fast Blue stain (LFB), and reduced neuroinflammation as measured by histological examinations. Furthermore, the co-administration of VitD3 exhibits moderate efficacy when administered in combination with GST60. Our results show that GST protects neurons by decreasing STAT-3 and mTOR levels while increasing PPAR-gamma protein levels in ALS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), NAAC Accredited "A" Grade College, GT Road, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), NAAC Accredited "A" Grade College, GT Road, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), NAAC Accredited "A" Grade College, GT Road, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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Grover S, Narang RK, Singh S. GABA-transaminase: A Key Player and Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurological Disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:57-67. [PMID: 38243961 DOI: 10.2174/0118715249267700231116053516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as epilepsy, autism, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease alter brain functions like cognition, mood, movements, and language, severely compromising the well-being of persons, suffering from their negative effects. The neurotransmitters (GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine) are found to be involved in neuronal signaling and neurotransmission. GABA, a "commanding neurotransmitter" is directly or indirectly associated with various neurological disorders. GABA is metabolized to succinic semialdehyde by a mitochondrial gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase (GABA-T) enzyme. Therefore, the alterations in the GABA performance in the distinct regions of the brain via GABA-T overstimulation or inhibition would play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review emphasizes the leading participation of GABA-T in neurological disorders like Huntington's disease, epilepsy, autism, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In Huntington's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, the surfeited performance of GABA-T results in diminished levels of GABA, whereas in autism, the subsidence of GABA-T activity causes the elevation in GABA contents, which is responsible for behavioral changes in these disorders. Therefore, GABA-T inhibitors (in Huntington's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis) or agonists (in autism) can be used therapeutically. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, some researchers favor the stimulation of GABA-T activity whereas some disagree with it. Therefore, the activity of GABA-T concerning Alzheimer's disease is still unclear. In this way, studies of GABA-T enzymatic activity in contrast to neurological disorders could be undertaken to understand and be considered a therapeutic target for several GABA-ergic CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Chhabra S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Matrine mediated neuroprotective potential in experimental multiple sclerosis: Evidence from CSF, blood markers, brain samples and in-silico investigations. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578200. [PMID: 37774554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Around 2.8 million people worldwide are affected by MS due to its challenging diagnosis and treatment. Our study investigates the role of the JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways in the progression of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation and demyelination can be caused by dysregulation of these pathways. Modulating the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways may offer therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis. Matrine (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in our laboratory. Matrine has been studied for its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. It inhibits inflammatory responses and promotes regeneration of damaged myelin sheaths, indicating its potential efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting STAT-3 and mTOR and promoting PPAR-gamma expression.GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist (2 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to evaluate the involvement of PPAR-gamma and to compare the efficacy of matrine's potential neuroprotective effect. Matrine's interaction with the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma pathways in multiple Sclerosis was also validated and confirmed through insilico investigation. In addition, matrine altered the CBC profile, intensifying the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of various biological samples, including CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenates (striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain). These samples were used to evaluate the neurochemical changes caused by neurobehavioral alterations during the progression of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that matrine treatment ameliorated multiple sclerosis and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to the modulation of the STAT-3/mTOR/PPAR-gamma signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Giri A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Melatonin-mediated IGF-1/GLP-1 activation in experimental OCD rats: Evidence from CSF, blood plasma, brain and in-silico investigations. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115831. [PMID: 37777162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Our study uses a validated 8-OH-DPAT-induced experimental model of OCD in rodents. We focus on the modulatory effects of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which are linked to neurodevelopment and survival. Current research investigates melatonin, a molecule with neuroprotective properties and multiple functions. Melatonin has beneficial effects on various illnesses, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and depression, indicating its potential efficacy in treating OCD. In the present study, we employed two doses of melatonin, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect on 8-OH-DPAT-induced rat changes. In addition, the melatonin antagonist luzindole 5 mg/kg was utilized to compare and validate the efficacy of melatonin. In-silico studies alsocontribute to understanding the activation of IGF-1/GLP-1 pathways by melatonin. Current research indicates restoring neurochemical measurements on various biological samples (brain homogenates, CSF, and blood plasma) and morphological and histological analyses. In addition, the current research seeks to increase understanding of OCD and investigate potential new treatment strategies. Therefore, it is evident from the aforementioned research that the protective effect of melatonin can serve as a strong basis for developing a new OCD treatment by upregulating IGF-1 and GLP-1 levels. The primary focus of current study revolves around the examination of melatonin as an activator of IGF-1/GLP-1, with the aim of potentially mitigating behavioral, neurochemical, and histopathological abnormalities in an experimental model of obsessive-compulsive disorder caused by 8-OH-DPAT in adult Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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A Hosny S, M Abdelmenem A, Azouz T, S Kamar S, M ShamsEldeen A, A El-Shafei A. Beneficial Effect of Erythropoietin on Ameliorating Propionic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Features in Young Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:77-86. [PMID: 37970239 PMCID: PMC10644041 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs communication and social interaction. This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on experimental autistic-like behaviors induced by propionic acid (PPA). Twenty-four rats were distributed into three groups: (i) control; (ii) PPA_Gp: daily injected subcutaneously with PPA for five consecutive days; PPA+EPO-Gp: injected with PPA, then received intraperitoneal injection of EPO once daily for two weeks. Behavioral changes in the rats were assessed. Specimens from the cerebellar hemispheres were subjected to histological and ultrastructure examination, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calbindin-D28K, and biochemical analysis for glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA), and serotonin. PPA-Gp showed significant behavioral impairment, with a significant depletion in GSH-px, GABA, and serotonin and a significant increase in MDA. Histological examination revealed reduced Purkinje cell count with ultrastructural degeneration, irregularly arranged nerve fibers in the molecular layer, astrogliosis, and significantly decreased calbindin-immunostaining compared to the control. EPO protected cerebellar structure, increased Purkinje cell count, improved neuronal morphology, reduced PPA-induced autistic-like features, alleviated neuronal oxidative stress, increased intercellular antioxidant levels, and suppressed inflammation. EPO provided significant protection against PPA-induced autistic features in rats, with structural preservation of Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Hosny
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Taha Azouz
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M ShamsEldeen
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Shafei
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Manial, Cairo, Egypt
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Gumbar S, Bhardwaj S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Narula AS, Kalfin R, Tabrez S, Zughaibi TA, Wasi S. Renal mitochondrial restoration by gymnemic acid in gentamicin-mediated experimental nephrotoxicity: evidence from serum, kidney and histopathological alterations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218506. [PMID: 37521462 PMCID: PMC10372487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity refers to the toxigenic impact of compounds and medications on kidney function. There are a variety of drug formulations, and some medicines that may affect renal function in multiple ways via nephrotoxins production. Nephrotoxins are substances that are harmful to the kidneys. Purpose: This investigation examines the renoprotective effect of gymnemic acid (GA) on Wistar rats in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by analyzing serum, kidney, and histopathological markers. Study-design/methods: The current study investigated the protective effect of GA at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Vitamin E was administered to compare the antioxidant capacity and efficacy of GA. In addition to the treatment groups, 100 mg/kg of gentamicin was administered intraperitoneal for 14 days. At the end of the study protocol, kidney homogenate, blood, and serum were evaluated biochemically. Serum creatinine, blood urea, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mitochondrial dysfunctions, inflammatory cytokines, and renal oxidative stress were examined to assess gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In addition, the impact of GA on the above-mentioned nephrotoxic markers were evaluated and further confirmed by histological analysis. Results: This study establishes a correlation between antibiotic use, especifically aminoglycosides and acute renal failure. The research demonstrates the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides, inducing mitochondrial ETC-complex dysfunction, and renal tissue inflammation in experimental rats. GA's antioxidant properties restored renal oxidative stress markers, reducing kidney inflammation and injury. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant reduction in renal injury with GA treatment. Additionally, GA demonstrated greater efficacy than Vitamin E in restoring antioxidant potential and mitochondrial enzymes. Conclusion: Consequently, our findings imply that long-term use of GA may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for reducing aminoglycoside toxicity. The current study suggests GA's potential in treating gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and acute renal failure, meriting further investigation using advanced techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Gumbar
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudeep Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G. L. Bihani S. D. College of Technical Education, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Zuber Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “NeofitRilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Wasi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia
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Bagcioglu E, Solmaz V, Erbas O, Özkul B, Çakar B, Uyanikgil Y, Söğüt İ. Modafinil Improves Autism-like Behavior in Rats by Reducing Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:9-23. [PMID: 37043086 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the ameliorating effect of Modafinil on neuroinflammation, behavioral, and histopathological alterations in rats induced by propionic acid (PPA). Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study, divided into 3 groups of ten subjects. One group served as a control, the subjects in the other two were given 250 mg/kg/day of PPA by intraperitoneal injection over the course of 5 days to induce autism. The experimental design was as follows: Group 1: Normal control (orally-fed control, n = 10); Group 2 (PPA + saline, n = 10): PPA and 1 ml/kg/day % 0.9 NaCl saline via oral gavage; Group 3 (PPA + Modafinil, n = 10) PPA and 30 mg/kg/day Modafinil (Modiodal tablets 100 mg, Cephalon) via oral gavage. All of the groups were investigated for behavioral, biochemical, and histological abnormality. Autism-like behaviors were reduced significantly in the rats treated with PPA. TNF-α, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), IL-17, IL-2, and NF-KB levels as well as MDA levels and lactate were significantly higher in those treated with PPA compared to the control group. Using immunohistochemical methods, the number of neurons and GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly altered in PPA-treated rats compared to the control. Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), we found that lactate levels were significantly higher in the PPA-treated rats, while creatinine levels were significantly decreased. In the rats administered with Modafinil, behavior, neuroinflammation, and histopathological changes brought about by PPA were significantly reversed. Our results demonstrate the potential role of Modafinil in ameliorating PPA-induced neuroinflammation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Bagcioglu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Özkul
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Çakar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yigit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Söğüt
- Department of Biochemistry, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Alam M, Rashid S, Fatima K, Adnan M, Shafie A, Akhtar MS, Ganie AH, Eldin SM, Islam A, Khan I, Hassan MI. Biochemical features and therapeutic potential of α-Mangostin: Mechanism of action, medicinal values, and health benefits. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114710. [PMID: 37141737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-MG) is a natural xanthone obtained from the pericarps of mangosteen. It exhibits excellent potential, including anti-cancer, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and induces apoptosis. α-MG controls cell proliferation by modulating signaling molecules, thus implicated in cancer therapy. It possesses incredible pharmacological features and modulates crucial cellular and molecular factors. Due to its lesser water solubility and pitiable target selectivity, α-MG has limited clinical application. As a known antioxidant, α-MG has gained significant attention from the scientific community, increasing interest in extensive technical and biomedical applications. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems were designed to improve the pharmacological features and efficiency of α-MG. This review is focused on recent developments on the therapeutic potential of α-MG in managing cancer and neurological diseases, with a special focus on its mechanism of action. In addition, we highlighted biochemical and pharmacological features, metabolism, functions, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects and pre-clinical applications of α-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kisa Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, PO Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Salman Akhtar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Ganie
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Abha Male 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Kim SE, Yin MZ, Roh JW, Kim HJ, Choi SW, Wainger BJ, Kim WK, Kim SJ, Nam JH. Multi-target modulation of ion channels underlying the analgesic effects of α-mangostin in dorsal root ganglion neurons. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154791. [PMID: 37094425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Mangostin is a xanthone isolated from the pericarps of mangosteen fruit with, and has analgesic properties. Although the effects suggest an interaction of α-mangostin with ion channels in the nociceptive neurons, electrophysiological investigation of the underlying mechanism has not been performed. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that α-Mangostin exerts its analgesic effects by modulating the activity of various ion channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. METHODS We performed a whole-cell patch clamp study using mouse DRG neurons, HEK293T cells overexpressing targeted ion channels, and ND7/23 cells. Molecular docking (MD) and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analyses were conducted to obtain further insights into the binding sites and pharmacokinetics, respectively. RESULTS Application of α-mangostin (1-3 µM) hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential (RMP) of small-sized DRG neurons by increasing background K+ conductance and thereby inhibited action potential generation. At micromolar levels, α-mangostin activates TREK-1, TREK-2, or TRAAK, members of the two-pore domain K+ channel (K2P) family known to be involved in RMP formation in DRG neurons. Furthermore, capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents were potently inhibited by α-mangostin (0.43 ± 0.27 µM), and partly suppressed tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated Na+ channel (NaV) currents. MD simulation revealed that multiple oxygen atoms in α-mangostin may form stable hydrogen bonds with TREKs, TRAAK, TRPV1, and NaV channels. In silico ADME tests suggested that α-mangostin may satisfy the drug-likeness properties without penetrating the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION The analgesic properties of α-mangostin might be mediated by the multi-target modulation of ion channels, including TREK/TRAAK activation, TRPV1 inhibition, and reduction of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV current. The findings suggest that the phytochemical can be a multi-ion channel-targeting drug and an alternative drug for effective pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Zhe Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jae Won Roh
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Departments Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, ts, USA
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; Departments Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, ts, USA; Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Shen Y, Zhong JG, Lan WT, Li YH, Gong JH, Zhao BX, Hou XH. Bibliometric study of neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1086068. [PMID: 36741118 PMCID: PMC9893120 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to describe the global development history and current status of neuroinflammation in ASD from 2004 to 2021 and reveal the research hotspots and frontiers to provide a reference for scholars in related fields to carry out further research. METHODS Journal articles on ASD and neuroinflammation-related research were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from its inception to 2021. Literature was analyzed visually by VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R language, including publication analysis, author, institution, national/regional cooperative network analysis, and keyword analysis. We screened the most accumulatively cited 10 experimental papers in the field and the most cited 10 experimental papers in the last 2 years (2020 and 2021) for combing. RESULTS A total of 620 publications were included in this study, and the number of publications has increased in recent years. The United States (256, 41.29%) was the country with the largest number of publications. King Saud University (40, 6.45%) was the most published institution; Laila Al-Ayadhi Yousef was the most published researcher; the Brain Behavior and Immunity was the main journal for the study of neuroinflammation in autism, having published 22 related articles. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that short chain fatty acid, mast cells, and glial cells have been the focus of recent attention. Burst keywords show that gut microbiota and immune system are the future research trends. CONCLUSION This bibliometric study describes the basic framework for the development in the field of neuroinflammation and ASD through an exploration of key indicators (countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords). We found that the key role of neuroinflammation in the development of ASD is attracting more and more researchers' attention. Future studies can investigate the changes in cytokines and glial cells and their related pathways in ASD neuroinflammation. Immunotherapy to inhibit neuroinflammation may be intensively studied as a direction for ASD treatment or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shen
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiu-Gen Zhong
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ting Lan
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Heng Gong
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben-Xuan Zhao
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hou
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Oka N, Doan VTH, Matsubara H, Imai T, Yoshioka Y, Katsuki J, Fujii S, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H, Sakurai K. Protective effects of alpha-mangostin encapsulated in cyclodextrin-nanoparticle on cerebral ischemia. J Control Release 2023; 353:216-228. [PMID: 36410615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after the onset of an ischemic stroke induces neuronal cell death and severely damages brain function. Therefore, reducing ROS by administrating antioxidant compounds is a promising approach to improving ischemic symptoms. Alpha-mangostin (α-M) is an antioxidant compound extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. Reportedly, α-M decreases neuronal toxicity in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective activity of α-M in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Pretreatment with α-M inhibited excessive cellular ROS production after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro using an SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cell line. In addition, α-M maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed mitochondrial-specific ROS production induced by OGD/R. Meanwhile, the low bioavailability of α-M due to its poor water solubility has been an insuperable obstruction impeding extensive investigations of the biological functions of α-M and its medical applications. To overcome this problem, we synthesized a cyclodextrin-based nanoparticle (CDNP) that is known to increase the loading efficiency and binding constant of α-M, compared with cyclodextrins themselves. This nano-formulated α-M (α-M/CDNP) was optimized for an in vivo ischemic stroke model. Our results indicated that α-M/CDNP (25 mg/kg/injection) reduced infarct volume and improved neurological behavior (p = 0.036 and p = 0.046, respectively). These in vivo results suggest that α-M appears to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with the help of a nano-formulation with CDNP. Combining an in vitro BBB model and a physicochemical binding assay between α-M and albumin, it is speculated that α-M released from CDNP would interact with albumin during its prolonged circulation in the blood, and the resultant α-M/albumin complex may cross the BBB through the absorptive-mediated transcytosis pathway. These findings suggest the potential clinical application of α-M in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Oka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Van Thi Hong Doan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsubara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yukie Yoshioka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Jun Katsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Lab of Collaborative research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; Lab of Collaborative research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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Bhalla S, Mehan S. 4-hydroxyisoleucine mediated IGF-1/GLP-1 signalling activation prevents propionic acid-induced autism-like behavioural phenotypes and neurochemical defects in experimental rats. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102296. [PMID: 36307249 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a neurotransmitter imbalance that impairs neurodevelopment processes. Autism development is marked by communication difficulties, poor socio-emotional health, and cognitive impairment. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and glucagon-like growth factor-1 (GLP-1) are responsible for regular neuronal growth and homeostasis. Autism progression has been linked to dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signalling. 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HI), a pharmacologically active amino acid produced from Trigonella foenum graecum, works as an insulin mimic and has neuroprotective properties. The GLP-1 analogue liraglutide (LRG) was employed in our investigation to compare the efficacy of 4-HI in autism prevention. The current study explores the protective effects of 4-HI 50 and 100 mg/kg orally on IGF-1/GLP-1 signalling activation in a PPA-induced experimental model of autism. Propionic acid (PPA) injections to rats by intracerebroventricular (ICV) route for the first 11 days of the experiment resulted in autism-like neurobehavioral, neurochemical, gross morphological, and histopathological abnormalities. In addition, we investigated the dose-dependent neuroprotective effects of 4-HI on the levels of several neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory cytokines in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma. Neuronal apoptotic and anti-oxidant cellular markers were also studied in blood plasma and brain homogenate samples. Furthermore, the luxol fast blue (LFB) staining results demonstrated significant demyelination in the brains of PPA-induced rats reversed by 4-HI treatment. Rats were assessed for spontaneous locomotor impairments, neuromuscular coordination, stress-like behaviour, learning, and memory to assess neurobehavioral abnormalities. The administration of 4-HI and LRG significantly reversed the behavioural, gross and histological abnormalities in the PPA-treated rat brains. After treatment with 4-HI and LRG, LFB-stained photomicrographs of PPA-treated rats' brains demonstrated the recovery of white matter loss. Our findings indicate that 4-HI protects neurons in rats with autism by enhancing the IGF-1 and GLP-1 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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Effect of Natural Adenylcyclase/cAMP/CREB Signalling Activator Forskolin against Intra-Striatal 6-OHDA-Lesioned Parkinson's Rats: Preventing Mitochondrial, Motor and Histopathological Defects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227951. [PMID: 36432051 PMCID: PMC9695774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brain area. PD is a complex disease that deteriorates patients' motor and non-motor functions. In experimental animals, the neurotoxin 6-OHDA induces neuropathological, behavioural, neurochemical and mitochondrial abnormalities and the formation of free radicals, which is related to Parkinson-like symptoms after inter-striatal 6-OHDA injection. Pathological manifestations of PD disrupt the cAMP/ATP-mediated activity of the transcription factor CREB, resulting in Parkinson's-like symptoms. Forskolin (FSK) is a direct AC/cAMP/CREB activator isolated from Coleus forskohlii with various neuroprotective properties. FSK has already been proven in our laboratory to directly activate the enzyme adenylcyclase (AC) and reverse the neurodegeneration associated with the progression of Autism, Multiple Sclerosis, ALS, and Huntington's disease. Several behavioural paradigms were used to confirm the post-lesion effects, including the rotarod, open field, grip strength, narrow beam walk (NBW) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. Our results were supported by examining brain cellular, molecular, mitochondrial and histopathological alterations. The FSK treatment (15, 30 and 45 mg/kg, orally) was found to be effective in restoring behavioural and neurochemical defects in a 6-OHDA-induced experimental rat model of PD. As a result, the current study successfully contributes to the investigation of FSK's neuroprotective role in PD prevention via the activation of the AC/cAMP/PKA-driven CREB pathway and the restoration of mitochondrial ETC-complex enzymes.
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Honokiol and Alpha-Mangostin Inhibit Mayaro Virus Replication through Different Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217362. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus with an increasing circulation across the Americas. In the present study, we evaluated the potential antiviral activity of the following natural compounds against MAYV and other arboviruses: Sanguinarine, (R)-Shikonin, Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and α-Mangostin. Sanguinarine and Shikonin showed significant cytotoxicity, whereas Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and α-Mangostin were well tolerated in all the cell lines tested. Honokiol and α-Mangostin treatment protected Vero-E6 cells against MAYV-induced damage and resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in viral progeny yields for each of the MAYV strains and human cell lines assessed. These compounds also reduced MAYV viral RNA replication in HeLa cells. In addition, Honokiol and α-Mangostin disrupted MAYV infection at different stages of the virus life cycle. Moreover, Honokiol and α-Mangostin decreased Una, Chikungunya, and Zika viral titers and downmodulated the expression of E1 and nsP1 viral proteins from MAYV, Una, and Chikungunya. Finally, in Honokiol- and α-Mangostin-treated HeLa cells, we observed an upregulation in the expression of type I interferon and specific interferon-stimulated genes, including IFNα, IFNβ, MxA, ISG15, OAS2, MDA-5, TNFα, and IL-1β, which may promote an antiviral cellular state. Our results indicate that Honokiol and α-Mangostin present potential broad-spectrum activity against different arboviruses through different mechanisms.
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Suri M, Kumar S, Bhalla S, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alkahtani N, Alghamdi S, Kalfin R. Activating SIRT-1 Signalling with the Mitochondrial-CoQ10 Activator Solanesol Improves Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in Ouabain-Induced Experimental Model of Bipolar Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080959. [PMID: 36015107 PMCID: PMC9415079 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Several studies have linked the downregulation of SIRT-1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologs) signaling to the onset of BD and other neurological dysfunctions. This research aimed to look into the neuroprotective potential of Solanesol (SNL) in rats given ICV-Ouabain injections, focusing on its effect on SIRT-1 signaling activation in the brain. Ouabain, found in hypothalamic and medullary neurons, is an endogenous inhibitor of brain Na+/K+ ATPase. The inhibition of brain Na+/K+ ATPase by Ouabain may also result in changes in neurotransmission within the central nervous system. SNL is a Solanaceae family active phytoconstituent produced from the plant Nicotiana tabacum. SNL is used as a precursor for the production of CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10), a powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. In the current study, lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug, was used as a control. This study looked at the neuroprotective potential of SNL at dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg in ICV-OUA injections that caused BD-like neurobehavioral and neurochemical defects in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were placed into eight groups (n = 6) and administered 1 mM/0.5 µL ICV-OUA injections for three days. Neurochemical assessments were done in rat brain homogenates, CSF, and blood plasma samples at the end of the experiment protocol schedule. Long-term SNL and lithium administration have been shown to decrease the number of rearing and crossings and reduce time spent in the center, locomotor activities, and immobility time. Solansesol treatment gradually raises the amount of Na+/K+ ATPase, limiting the severity of behavioural symptoms. These findings also revealed that SNL increases the levels of SIRT-1 in CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenate samples. Moreover, in rat brain homogenates and blood plasma samples, SNL modulates apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes, including complex-I, II, IV, V, and CoQ10, were also restored following long-term SNL treatment. Furthermore, SNL lowered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) levels while restoring neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and acetylcholine) and decreasing oxidative stress markers. Histological examinations also validated Solanesol’s protective effect. As a result, our findings suggest that SNL, as a SIRT-1 signalling activator, may be a promising therapeutic approach for BD-like neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8059889909
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nora Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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Sharma A, Bhalla S, Mehan S. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling inhibitor chrysophanol ameliorates neurobehavioural and neurochemical defects in propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1909-1929. [PMID: 35687217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication deficits as well as repetitive behaviour. Several studies have found that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays a significant role in autism pathogenesis. Overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway causes neurological disorders by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a naturally occurring chemical obtained from the plant Rheum palmatum. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological alterations in ICV-PPA induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. The effects of ICV-PPA on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain were studied in autism-like rats. Furthermore, we investigated how CPH affected myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in rat brain homogenate and apoptotic biomarkers such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were tested for behavioural abnormalities such as neuromuscular dysfunction using an actophotometer, motor coordination using a beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour using a forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficiency, and memory consolidation using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. In PPA-treated rats, prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms. Furthermore, in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples, cellular, molecular, and cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators were investigated. The recent findings imply that CPH also restores abnormal neurochemical levels and may prevent autism-like gross pathological alterations, such as demyelination volume, in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Upadhayay S, Mehan S, Prajapati A, Sethi P, Suri M, Zawawi A, Almashjary MN, Tabrez S. Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Stimulation through Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Provides Neuroprotection in Ethidium Bromide-Induced Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081324. [PMID: 35893061 PMCID: PMC9331916 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe immune-mediated neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). This is frequently linked to motor abnormalities and cognitive impairments. The pathophysiological hallmarks of MS include inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, white matter degeneration, and the development of CNS lesions that result in severe neuronal degeneration. Several studies suggested downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is a causative factor for MS pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active pentacyclictriterpenoid obtained from Boswellia serrata, possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study explores the protective potential of AKBA on behavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological abnormalitiesandhistopathological alterations by H&E and LFB staining techniques in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the increase inNrf2/HO-1 levels in the brain. Moreover, we also examine the effect of AKBA on the intensity of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF and rat brain homogenate. Specific apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, andcaspase-3) were also estimated in rat brain homogenate. Neuro behavioralabnormalities in rats were examined using an actophotometer, rotarod test, beam crossing task (BCT),and Morris water maze (MWM). AKBA 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were given orally from day 8 to 35 to alleviate MS symptoms in the EB-injected rats. Furthermore, cellular, molecular, neurotransmitter, neuroinflammatory cytokine, and oxidative stress markers in rat whole brain homogenate, blood plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid were investigated. This study shows that AKBA upregulates the level of antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain. AKBA restores altered neurochemical levels, potentially preventing gross pathological abnormalities during MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Upadhayay
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
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Shandilya A, Mehan S, Kumar S, Sethi P, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF. Activation of IGF-1/GLP-1 Signalling via 4-Hydroxyisoleucine Prevents Motor Neuron Impairments in Experimental ALS-Rats Exposed to Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123878. [PMID: 35745001 PMCID: PMC9228431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe adult motor neuron disease that causes progressive neuromuscular atrophy, muscle wasting, weakness, and depressive-like symptoms. Our previous research suggests that mercury levels are directly associated with ALS progression. MeHg+-induced ALS is characterised by oligodendrocyte destruction, myelin basic protein (MBP) depletion, and white matter degeneration, leading to demyelination and motor neuron death. The selection of MeHg+ as a potential neurotoxicant is based on our evidence that it has been connected to the development of ALS-like characteristics. It causes glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, calcium-dependent neurotoxicity, and an ALS-like phenotype. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signalling has been associated with ALS progression. The bioactive amino acid 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HI) from Trigonella foenum graecum acts as an insulin mimic in rodents and increases insulin sensitivity. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of 4-HI on MeHg+-treated adult Wistar rats with ALS-like symptoms, emphasising brain IGF1/GLP-1 activation. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of 4-HI on MBP levels in rat brain homogenate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma, and cell death indicators such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Rats were assessed for muscular strength, locomotor deficits, depressed behaviour, and spatial learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) to measure neurobehavioral abnormalities. Doses of 4-HI were given orally for 42 days in the MeHg+ rat model at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg to ameliorate ALS-like neurological dysfunctions. Additionally, neurotransmitters and oxidative stress markers were examined in rat brain homogenates. Our findings suggest that 4-HI has neuroprotective benefits in reducing MeHg+-induced behavioural, neurochemical, and histopathological abnormalities in ALS-like rats exposed to methylmercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (A.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.F.A.)
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Khamphukdee C, Turkmani I, Chotritthirong Y, Chulikhit Y, Boonyarat C, Sekeroglu N, Silva AMS, Monthakantirat O, Kijjoa A. Effects of the Bark Resin Extract of Garcinia nigrolineata on Chronic Stress-Induced Memory Deficit in Mice Model and the In Vitro Monoamine Oxidases and β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitory Activities of Its Prenylated Xanthone Constituents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093014. [PMID: 35566362 PMCID: PMC9103351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes investigation of the effects of the bark resin extract of Garcinia nigrolineata (Clusiaceae) on the cognitive function and the induction of oxidative stress in both frontal cortex and hippocampus by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). By using behavioral mouse models, i.e., the Y-maze test, the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), and the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT), it was found that the negative impact of repeated mild stress-induced learning and memory deficit through brain oxidative stress in the UCMS mice was reversed by treatment with the bark resin extract G. nigrolineata. Moreover, the prenylated xanthones viz. cowagarcinone C, cowaxanthone, α-mangostin, cowaxanthone B, cowanin, fuscaxanthone A, fuscaxanthone B, xanthochymusxanthones A, 7-O-methylgarcinone E, and cowagarcinone A, isolated from the bark resin of G. nigrolineata, were assayed for their inhibitory activities against β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charinya Khamphukdee
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Ibrahim Turkmani
- ICBAS-Instituo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Yutthana Chotritthirong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Phytotherapy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Application & Research Center and Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +66-81-3404677 (O.M.); +351-220428331 (A.K.)
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +66-81-3404677 (O.M.); +351-220428331 (A.K.)
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Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:249-266. [PMID: 35079960 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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Sahu R, Mehan S, Kumar S, Prajapati A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Assiri MA, Narula AS. Effect of alpha-mangostin in the prevention of behavioral and neurochemical defects in methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in experimental rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:977-998. [PMID: 35783250 PMCID: PMC9247835 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a known neurotoxin that causes progressive motor neuron degeneration in the central nervous system. Axonal degeneration, oligodendrocyte degeneration, and myelin basic protein (MBP) deficits are among the neuropathological abnormalities caused by MeHg+ in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This results in demyelination and motor neuron death in both humans and animals. Previous experimental studies have confirmed that overexpression of the extracellular signalling regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signalling contributes to glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammatory response of microglial cells, and oligodendrocyte (OL) dysfunction that promotes myelin loss. Alpha-mangostin (AMG), an active ingredient obtained from the tree "Garcinia mangostana Linn," has been used in experimental animals to treat a variety of brain disorders, including Parkinson's and Huntington's disease memory impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease memory impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. AMG has traditionally been used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent.Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of AMG (100 and 200 mg/kg) in experimental rats with methylmercury (MeHg+)-induced neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of AMG on behavioural, cellular, molecular, and other gross pathological changes, such as histopathological alterations in MeHg+ -treated rat brains, is presented. The neurological behaviour of experimental rats was evaluated using a Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), grip strength test (GST), and force swim test (FST). In addition, we investigate AMG's neuroprotective effect by restoring MBP levels in cerebral spinal fluid and whole rat brain homogenate. The apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers were measured in rat blood plasma samples and brain homogenate. According to the findings of this study, AMG decreases ERK-1/2 levels and modulates neurochemical alterations in rat brains, minimising MeHg+ -induced neurotoxicity. Chronic methylmercury (MeHg+) exposure was used to cause motor neuron degeneration in rats. In MeHg-treated rats, oral administration of alpha-mangostin (AMG) improved behavioural, and neurochemical alterations. Effect of AMG related to anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties via reducing ERK1/2 protein levels. AMG improved rat brain remyelination and enhancing MBP levels in rat brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Correspondence to: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Al-Mazroua HA, Narula AS. Smo-Shh Agonist Purmorphamine Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Experimental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030342. [PMID: 35326298 PMCID: PMC8946713 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behavior due to abnormal neuronal corticostriatal-thalamocortical pathway and other neurochemical changes. Purmorphamine is a smoothened-sonic-hedgehog agonist that has a protective effect against many neurological diseases due to its role in maintaining functional connectivity during CNS development and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. As part of our current research, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of PUR against behavioral and neurochemical changes in 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Additionally, the effect of PUR was compared with the standard drug for OCD, i.e., fluvoxamine. The intra-dorsal raphe-nucleus injection of 8-OH-DPAT in rats for seven days significantly showed OCD-like repetitive and compulsive behavior along with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, as well as neurotransmitter imbalance. These alterations were dose-dependently attenuated by long-term purmorphamine treatment at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p. In this study, we assessed the level of various neurochemical parameters in different biological samples, including brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF, to check the drug’s effect centrally and peripherally. These effects were comparable to the standard oral treatment withfluvoxamine at 10 mg/kg. However, when fluvoxamine was given in combination with purmorphamine, there was a more significant restoration of these alterations than the individualtreatmentswithfluvoxamine and purmorphamine. All the above findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of purmorphamine in OCD can be strong evidence for developing a new therapeutic target for treating and managing OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
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Khera R, Mehan S, Bhalla S, Kumar S, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Sadhu SS. Guggulsterone Mediated JAK/STAT and PPAR-Gamma Modulation Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Abnormalities in Propionic Acid-Induced Experimental Model of Autism. Molecules 2022; 27:889. [PMID: 35164154 PMCID: PMC8839522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by repetitive behaviour, challenges in verbal and non-verbal communication, poor socio-emotional health, and cognitive impairment. An increased level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and a decreased level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma have been linked to autism pathogenesis. Guggulsterone (GST) has a neuroprotective effect on autistic conditions by modulating these signalling pathways. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to examine potential neuroprotective properties of GST by modulating JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma levels in intracerebroventricular propionic acid (ICV PPA) induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. In this study, the first 11 days of ICV-PPA injections in rats resulted in autism-like behavioural, neurochemical, morphological, and histopathological changes. The above modifications were also observed in various biological samples, including brain homogenate, CSF, and blood plasma. GST was also observed to improve autism-like behavioural impairments in autistic rats treated with PPA, including locomotion, neuromuscular coordination, depression-like behaviour, spatial memory, cognition, and body weight. Prolonged GST treatment also restored neurochemical deficits in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic PPA administration increased STAT3 and decreased PPAR gamma in autistic rat brain, CSF, and blood plasma samples, which were reversed by GST. GST also restored the gross and histopathological alterations in PPA-treated rat brains. Our results indicate the neuroprotective effects of GST in preventing autism-related behavioural and neurochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Khera
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (S.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Satya Sai Sadhu
- Chemistry Department, Northern Michigan University, 1401, Presque, Isle, Marquette, MI 49855, USA;
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Jadaun KS, Mehan S, Sharma A, Siddiqui EM, Kumar S, Alsuhaymi N. Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7. [PMID: 35099677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh Jadaun
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Naif Alsuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
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Yadav RK, Mehan S, Sahu R, Kumar S, Khan A, Makeen HA, Al Bratty M. Protective effects of apigenin on methylmercury-induced behavioral/neurochemical abnormalities and neurotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221084276. [PMID: 35373622 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221084276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that induces neurotoxicity and cell death in neurons. MeHg increases oligodendrocyte death, glial cell activation, and motor neuron demyelination in the motor cortex and spinal cord. As a result, MeHg plays an important role in developing neurocomplications similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research has implicated c-JNK and p38MAPK overactivation in the pathogenesis of ALS. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and c-JNK/p38MAPK inhibitory activities. The purpose of this study is to determine whether APG possesses neuroprotective effects in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats associated with ALS-like neuropathological alterations. In the current study, the neurotoxin MeHg causes an ALS-like phenotype in Wistar rats after 21 days of oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Prolonged administration of APG (40 and 80 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral parameters such as learning memory, cognition, motor coordination, and grip strength. This is mainly associated with the downregulation of c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling as well as the restoration of myelin basic protein within the brain. Furthermore, APG inhibited neuronal apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3), restored neurotransmitter imbalance, decreased inflammatory markers (TNF- and IL-1), and alleviated oxidative damage. As a result, the current study shows that APG has neuroprotective potential as a c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling inhibitor against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats. Based on these promising findings, we suggested that APG could be a potential new therapeutic approach over other conventional therapeutic approaches for MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in neurobehavioral, molecular, and neurochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Kumar Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Antar Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Mehmood Siddiqui E, Mehan S, Upadhayay S, Khan A, Halawi M, Ahmed Halawi A, Alsaffar RM. Neuroprotective efficacy of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6417-6431. [PMID: 34764759 PMCID: PMC8568986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of brain injury, which is a major cause of mortality in humans. Hydrocephalus and cerebral hematoma lead to severe neurological deficits. A single autologous blood (ALB) injection in rats' brains induces hemorrhage and other conditions that regularly interfere with the standard treatment of several cellular and molecular pathways. Several studies have found that IGF-1/GLP-1 decreases the production of inflammatory markers in peripheral tissues, while some have found that they also have pro-inflammatory functions. Since these receptors are down-regulated in hemorrhagic situations, we looked into the potential neuroprotective effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HI); 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, an active compound Trigonellafoenum-graecum, on post-hemorrhagic deficits in rats. Long-term oral administration of 4-HI for 35 days has improved behavioral and neurochemical deficits and severe pathological changes and improved cellular and molecular markers, apoptotic markers in the ALB-induced ICH experimental model. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 4-HI also improved the levels of other neurotransmitters (Ach, DOPA, GABA, glutamate); inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-17), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrite, LDH, AchE, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the brain when evaluated after Day 35. There is no proven treatment available for the prevention of post-brain hemorrhage and neurochemical malfunction; available therapy is only for symptomatic relief of the patient. Thus, 4-HI could be a potential clinical approach for treating post-brain haemorrhage and neurochemical changes caused by neurological damage. Furthermore, 4-HI may be linked to other standard therapeutic therapies utilized in ICH as a potential pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box-173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar N, Singh A, Gulati HK, Bhagat K, Kaur K, Kaur J, Dudhal S, Duggal A, Gulati P, Singh H, Singh JV, Bedi PMS. Phytoconstituents from ten natural herbs as potent inhibitors of main protease enzyme of SARS-COV-2: In silico study. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 35403086 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of treatment of novel Coronavirus disease led to the search of specific antivirals that are capable to inhibit the replication of the virus. The plant kingdom has demonstrated to be an important source of new molecules with antiviral potential. PURPOSE The present study aims to utilize various computational tools to identify the most eligible drug candidate that have capabilities to halt the replication of SARS-COV-2 virus by inhibiting Main protease (Mpro) enzyme. METHODS We have selected plants whose extracts have inhibitory potential against previously discovered coronaviruses. Their phytoconstituents were surveyed and a library of 100 molecules was prepared. Then, computational tools such as molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamic simulations were utilized to screen the compounds and evaluate them against Mpro enzyme. RESULTS All the phytoconstituents showed good binding affinities towards Mpro enzyme. Among them laurolitsine possesses the highest binding affinity i.e. -294.1533 kcal/mol. On ADMET analysis of best three ligands were simulated for 1.2 ns, then the stable ligand among them was further simulated for 20 ns. Results revealed that no conformational changes were observed in the laurolitsine w.r.t. protein residues and low RMSD value suggested that the Laurolitsine-protein complex was stable for 20 ns. CONCLUSION Laurolitsine, an active constituent of roots of Lindera aggregata, was found to be having good ADMET profile and have capabilities to halt the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, this makes laurolitsine a good drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE-2, Angiotensin converting enzyme- 2
- ADMET
- ADMET, absorption, Distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- Ala, Alanine
- Approx., approximately
- Arg, arginine
- Asn, Asparagine
- Asp, Aspartic acid
- CADD, Computer Aided Drug Design
- CHARMM, Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics
- COV, coronavirus
- COVID, Novel corona-virus disease
- Covid-19
- Cys, cysteine
- DSBDS, Dassault's Systems Biovia's Discovery studio
- Gln, Glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, Glycine
- His, histidine
- Ile, isoleucine
- K, Kelvin
- Kcal/mol, kilo calories per mol
- Leu, Leucine
- Leu, leucine
- Lys, Lysine
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- Met, Methionine
- MoISA, Molecular Surface Area
- Molecular dynamic simulations
- Mpro protein
- Mpro, Main protease enzyme
- N protein, nucleocapsid protein
- NI, N-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl) acetamide inhibitor
- NPT, amount of substance (N), pressure (P) and temperature (T)
- NVT, amount of substance (N), volume (V) and temperature (T)
- Natural Antiviral herbs
- PDB, protein data bank
- PPB, plasma protein binding
- PSA, Polar Surface Area
- Phi, Phenylalanine
- Pro, Proline
- RCSB, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics
- RMS, Root Mean Square
- RMSD, Root Mean Square Deviation
- RMSF, root mean square fluctuations
- RNA, Ribonucleic acid
- SAR-COV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SDF, structure data format
- Ser, serine
- T, Temperature
- Thr, Threonine
- Trp, Tryptophan
- Tyr, Tyrosine
- Val, Valine
- kDa, kilo Dalton
- nCOV-19, Novel Coronavirus 2019
- ns/nsec, nano seconds
- ps, pentoseconds
- rGyr, Radius of gyration
- w.r.t., with respect to
- Å, angstrom
- α, alpha
- β, beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
- Drug and Pollution testing Lab, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Shilpa Dudhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Amit Duggal
- Drugs Control Wing, Sector 16, Chandigarh, India, 160015
| | - Puja Gulati
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India, 147301
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
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Minj E, Upadhayay S, Mehan S. Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Activator Acetyl-11-keto-beta Boswellic Acid (AKBA)-Mediated Neuroprotection in Methyl Mercury-Induced Experimental Model of ALS. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2867-2884. [PMID: 34075522 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that causes neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death. MeHg exposure also leads to oligodendrocyte destruction, glial cell overactivation, and demyelination of motor neurons in the motor cortex and spinal cord. As a result, MeHg plays an important role in the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like neurocomplications. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation is the leading cause of further CNS demyelination. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway was thought to be a potential target for neuroprotection in ALS. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a multi-component pentacyclic triterpenoid mixture derived from Boswellia serrata with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The research aimed to investigate whether AKBA, as a Nrf2 / HO-1 activator, can provide protection against ALS. Thus, we explored the role of AKBA on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in a MeHg-induced experimental ALS model. In this study, ALS was induced in Wistar rats by oral gavage of MeHg 5 mg/kg for 21 days. An open field test, force swim test, and grip strength were performed to observe experimental rats' motor coordination behaviors. In contrast, a morris water maze was performed for learning and memory. Administration of AKBA 50 mg/kg and AKBA 100 mg/kg continued from day 22 to 42. Neurochemical parameters were evaluated in the rat's brain homogenate. In the meantime, post-treatment with AKBA significantly improved behavioral, neurochemical, and gross pathological characteristics in the brain of rats by increasing the amount of Nrf2/HO-1 in brain tissue. Collectively, our findings indicated that AKBA could potentially avoid demyelination and encourage remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Minj
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Sharma A, Mehan S. Targeting PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling in the prevention of autism. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105067. [PMID: 33992742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway represents an essential signaling mechanism for mammalian enzyme-related receptors in transducing signals or biological processes such as cell development, differentiation, cell survival, protein synthesis, and metabolism. Upregulation of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involves many human brain abnormalities, including autism and other neurological dysfunctions. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with behavior and psychiatric illness. This research-based review discusses the functional relationship between the neuropathogenic factors associated with PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Ultimately causes autism-like conditions associated with genetic alterations, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may have an effective therapeutic value for autism treatment. The current review also summarizes the involvement of PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors in the treatment of autism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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