Cognitive Performance in Short Sleep Young Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels: A Cross-Sectional fNIRS Study

Association between skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio and depression: A cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND

Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) has emerged as a key indicator for evaluating sarcopenic obesity (SO). The study aimed to elucidate the association between SVR and depression among US adults.

METHODS

Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, this cross-sectional study employed weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore the association between SVR and depression. Subgroup and interaction analyses were also performed.

RESULTS

The analysis encompassed 7,262 US adults. In the fully adjusted model, a significant negative association between SVR and depression was observed (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14-0.87). Additionally, SVR was significantly negatively correlated with mild (OR = 0.53, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.96) and severe depression (OR = 0.19, 95 % CI: 0.05-0.84). When SVR was stratified into quartile (Q1-Q4), individuals in the highest quartile exhibited a lower likelihood of depression compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.42-0.99). Additionally, the third quartile of SVR was significantly negatively associated with mild depression (OR = 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.53-0.98). No significant non-linear dose-response relationship between SVR and depression prevalence was detected (P-nonlinear = 0.3387). The association remained significant in several subgroup analyses. However, the interaction test revealed that none of the stratified variables were significant (all P for interaction > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The study was pioneering in establishing a negative association between SVR and depression within the US population.

Iron deficiency anemia and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in the Ashanti Region - Ghana

BACKGROUND

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a global health concern, and has been associated with cognitive decline. However, very few studies have explored the association between IDA and cognitive function among Ghanaians. We assessed the association between IDA and cognitive function among adolescents in the Ashanti region, Ghana.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved 250 adolescents from Kumasi, Ghana. Sociodemographic and dietary data were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for estimation of ferritin and complete blood count. The Test of Non-verbal Intelligence (TONI-4) was used to assess cognitive function. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of cognitive function.

RESULTS

The prevalence of IDA was 30.4%, which was higher among adolescents with poor cognitive performance test scores (CPTS) (71%). Being female [aOR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.10-0.99), p = 0.0480)], father having junior high education [aOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02-0.45), p = 0.0040)], being in a category B school [aOR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.09-0.81), p = 0.0200)] and C [aOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02-0.40), p = 0.0020)] and non-fruit consumption [aOR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.06-0.52), p = 0.0010)], were significantly associated with lower likelihood of having very good cognitive function. Moreover, ferritin (r = 0.451, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin (r = 0.402, p < 0.001) demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with CPTS.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of IDA is high in our study population and was linked with poor cognitive function. Adolescents with IDA had low cognitive performance test scores. High levels of hemoglobin and ferritin showed a moderate correlation with higher cognitive performance. These findings suggest that adolescents' cognitive function may be moderately influenced by IDA, highlighting the potential impact of iron status on cognitive outcomes.

Current status and hotspots in breast cancer patient self-management research: A bibliometric and visual analysis via CiteSpace

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Patient self-management plays a pivotal role in enhancing outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by this disease. This study employed bibliometric and visual analysis techniques utilizing CiteSpace to elucidate the current status and research hotspots in breast cancer patient self-management from January 1, 2005, to August 31, 2023.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The retrieved literature was subjected to visualization and analysis using CiteSpace, focusing on publication timeline, article count, geographical distribution, institutional affiliations, journal sources, reference co-citation networks, and keyword analysis.

RESULTS

The analysis encompassed 1413 English-language documents. The United States emerged as the most prolific contributor, while the University of Toronto demonstrated the highest institutional output. The two-map overlay revealed prominent citation paths, indicating strong interconnections between publications in "Medicine, Medicine, Clinical" and "Health, Nursing, Medicine," as well as "Psychology, Education, Health" and "Health, Nursing, Medicine." The most frequently co-cited reference was "Self-Management: Enabling and Empowering Patients Living with Cancer as a Chronic Illness." High-frequency keywords identified included quality of life, chronic disease, self-management, patient education, randomized controlled trials, education, and intervention. These keywords formed 11 distinct clusters related to intervention content, methodologies, outcome indicators, and emerging research trends. Keyword burst analysis predicted future research hotspots focusing on patient needs, psychological distress, Internet technology, and mobile applications.

CONCLUSIONS

Research in breast cancer self-management is experiencing significant growth. Enhanced collaboration between countries, regions, and institutions is imperative. Further investigation is warranted, particularly in the domains of "quality of life," "patient education," and "mobile health." These findings provide valuable insights to guide future research directions in this critical field.

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) consumption improves cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults: A pilot study

This pilot study evaluated the impact of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults. Pistachios were characterized (chemical and nutraceutical), and a baseline-final, uncontrolled nutritional intervention was performed (28 g of pistachio/28 days). Psychometric tests were applied to estimate cognitive performance and mood; anthropometric evaluation, biochemical analysis, and plasma antioxidant activity were included. The main component of nuts was lipids (48.1%). Pistachios consumption significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced waist circumference (-1.47 cm), total cholesterol (-10.21 mg/dL), LDL (-6.57 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-21.07 mg/dL), and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Pistachio supplementation improved risk tolerance (p ≤ 0.006) and decision-making strategy (p ≤ 0.002; BART-task), executive functions (BCST-task; p ≤ 0.006), and selective and sustained attention (Go/No-Go-test; p ≤ 0.016). The mood state was positively modulated (p ≤ 0.05) for anxiety, anger-hostility, and sadness-depression. These results show for the first time the benefits of pistachio consumption on cognitive performance and mood in overweight young adults.

Exploration of physical activity, sedentary behavior and insulin level among short sleepers

Background

Sufficient physical activity and sleep duration are essential for overall health. While one-third of the US population reports short sleep (<7 h), which is proven to link with negative health status. Current evidence on the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and serum insulin level in short sleep groups is limited.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to conduct this cross-sectional study of 8,494 adults (NHANES) 2007-2018. Serum insulin was quantitatively tested by human insulin immunoassay. Short sleep conditions were defined as ≤7 h per night. Physical activity conditions, including work activity, recreational activity, and sedentary behavior, were self-reported in NHANES by the Physical Activity Questionnaire using a 7-day recall method. The main analyses utilized weighted linear regression models due to the complex multistage sampling design of NHANES. Subgroup analysis and the influence of different lipid indices were explored in this study. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of participants without diabetes was conducted.

Results

In fully adjusted models, increased levels of work and recreational activity significantly reduced insulin levels, with β values 95% CI = -0.002 (-0.003, 0.001) and β values 95% CI = -0.008 (-0.012, -0.003), respectively. However, sedentary behavior was positively associated with insulin levels, with a β value 95% CI =0.022 (0.009, 0.034). The sensitivity analysis further confirmed the benefits of recreational activity in controlling insulin levels. Through sex stratification analysis, it seemed that physical activity was more obviously impacted in the male than female groups.

Conclusions

Overall, our analysis demonstrates that in short sleepers, an increased level of work and recreational activity is beneficial to control the insulin level, and more sedentary time is harmful. However, this association might be discrepant in different sexes and different levels of lipid indices.

The Dynamics of Heart Rate Asymmetry and Situational Sleepiness from Evening to Night: The Role of Daytime Sleepiness

The relationship between daytime sleepiness and heart rate asymmetry (HRA) during the transition from evening to night is crucial for understanding autonomic regulation and its implications for alertness. This study aims to investigate how daytime sleepiness influences HRA dynamics from evening to night and how situational sleepiness correlates with HRA metrics. HRA metrics were calculated at 8 P.M., 9 P.M., and 10 P.M. in 50 participants, categorized into 'Lower Normal' and 'Higher Normal' daytime sleepiness groups based on Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores. Situational sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). The results demonstrated that individuals with 'Higher Normal' daytime sleepiness exhibited lower HRA metrics at 10 P.M. compared to those with 'Lower Normal' daytime sleepiness, supporting the suggestion that higher daytime sleepiness correlates with reduced parasympathetic activity and diminished autonomic responsiveness. Significant negative correlations between situational sleepiness and HRA metrics were observed in the 'Higher Normal' group, particularly with the SSS. Therefore, increased daytime sleepiness affects HRA dynamics by decreasing parasympathetic activity and altering autonomic regulation at the beginning of the biological night (10 P.M.). These findings suggest potential applications for enhancing drowsiness detection and managing fatigue in safety-critical environments.

Threshold effect of physical exercise on its association to diabetes mellitus in short sleep population: evidence from a nationwide study

Background

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern, especially among individuals with short sleep duration. Understanding the relationship between physical exercise and DM in this population is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. However, the presence of a potential threshold effect of exercise on DM risk remains unclear.

Methods

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2018, this population-based study investigated the association between physical exercise and DM in individuals with short sleep duration (no more than 7 hours per night). Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. Additionally, a two-piecewise linear regression model was employed to identify any threshold effect of exercise on DM risk.

Results

This study included 15,092 participants identified with short sleep duration. Demographic characteristics stratified by DM status indicate higher prevalence among certain groups, such as middle-aged and older adults, males, and non-Hispanic Whites. The analysis revealed an inverse association between exercise levels and DM prevalence among the short sleep population. In the fully adjusted model, individuals engaging in sufficient exercise (> 600 MET-minutes/week) exhibited significantly reduced odds of developing DM [OR (95% CI): 0.624(0.527,0.738), p < 0.001]. Furthermore, the segmented regression model identified an inflection point at 2000 MET-minutes/week, below which a significant correlation between exercise and DM was observed.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of a threshold effect of physical exercise on its association with DM in individuals with short sleep duration. Tailored exercise interventions targeting this population may help mitigate DM risk and improve overall health outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore optimal exercise thresholds for DM prevention strategies.

Global research trends in skiing from 1974 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis

This study analyzes 1643 documents related to skiing from 1974 to 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database, employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer for quantitative analysis. Findings reveal a growing literature output, with the past five years contributing to 36.2 % of publications. Norway leads in total publications and collaboration intensity, with the University of Salzburg and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology as prominent institutions. The research spans a wide range of disciplines such as Sport Sciences, Physiology, etc., and interdisciplinary intersections with engineering, computer science, etc. have become a future research trend. The research focuses on the analysis of skiers' sports performance, the analysis of skiing-induced sports injuries, the biomechanical analysis of skiers' postures, and the analysis of skiing-induced respiratory diseases. The study highlights the evolution of research focus from skiing injuries to injury prevention and sports performance enhancement. This comprehensive overview aids scholars in understanding skiing research hotspots and future trends efficiently.

Saturation effects of the relationship between physical exercise and systemic immune inflammation index in the short-sleep population: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Short sleep can lead to an increase in inflammation and regular exercise has been shown to have a mitigation effect. However, the association between physical exercise (PE) and inflammation in the short sleep population is an unknown and intriguing issue.

METHODS

NHANES dataset spanning the years 2007 to 2018 were analyzed. To investigate the relationship mentioned above, we carried out multivariate linear regression models controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyles factors. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) served as a reflection of inflammatory potential, calculated as the product of platelet count, neutrophil count, and divided by the lymphocyte count. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect sleep and exercise information.

RESULTS

A total of 14,664 participants were included for final analysis. Across the three models, PE showed significant negative associations with SII as a continuous variable [Crude Model, β (95% CI): -1.261(-1.600, -0.922), p < 0.001; Model 1, β (95% CI): -1.005(-1.344, -0.666), p < 0.001; Model 2, β (95% CI): -0.470(-0.827, -0.112), p = 0.011]. The consistent nature of the findings persisted when investigating physical exercise (PE) as a categorized variable. By two-piecewise linear regression model, we calculated a saturation effect of PE with the inflection point as 2400 MET-minutes/week.

CONCLUSION

This study suggested that performing no more than 2400 MET-minutes/week of PE was associated with lower SII levels in the short sleep population, while more PE might not bring additional benefits.

Predictors of physical activity and public safety perception regarding technology adoption for promoting physical activity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background

This study aims to identify the predictors of levels of physical activity among the residents of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it seeks to understand the public's safety perception regarding the adoption of technology for promoting physical activity.

Method

This is an analytical cross-sectional study using self-administered web-based survey. A stratified sampling technique was used to select participants from adult population in Jeddah and data collection took place from May 2023 to December 2023. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of low-intensity (walking steps) and high-intensity physical activities.

Result

A total of 462 participated in the study. Gender significantly influenced walking habits, with males more likely to walk than females (AOR = 2.37; 95 % CI: 1.55-3.62; P < 0.001). Smoking status was also a predictor, with smokers more inclined to walk compared to non-smokers (AOR = 2.15; 95 % CI: 1.20-3.82; P = 0.010). High-intensity physical activity strongly correlated with increased walking, especially among those active 3-7 days per week (AOR = 3.03; 95 % CI: 1.91-4.78; P < 0.001). Chronic diseases negatively impacted walking frequency (AOR = 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.34-0.95; P = 0.031). Furthermore, males were likelier to engage in high-intensity activities compared to females (AOR = 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.04-2.50; P = 0.033). Those walking ≥ 10,000 steps weekly were more likely to participate in high-intensity activities (AOR = 3.07; 95 % CI: 1.95-4.82; P < 0.001). Excellent self-rated health was associated with higher participation in such activities (AOR = 2.00; 95 % CI: 1.30-3.06; P = 0.002). Most respondents (84.9 %) felt safe on public walkways, and 78.1 % indicated safety perceptions influenced their walkway use. Technology use was divided, with about half (49.1 %) using apps for tracking physical activity. The majority (90.9 %) supported adding motivational features to the 'Sehhaty' app, and 73.6 % favored financial rewards for walking. However, only 45.5 % believed that public walkways are designed to encourage walking.

Conclusion

The study highlights significant predictors of physical activity among general population in Jeddah. The study also revealed the impact of safety perceptions and technology use on physical activity, with strong support for motivational features in health apps. However, there is a need for improved design of public walkways to encourage walking.

The association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression in US adults: NHANES 2007-2018

Objectives

Depression is largely preventable, and strategies that can effectively suppress its development are imperative. We aimed to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behavior were associated with depression and explore the possible mediatory role of complete blood count in this association.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data were integrated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (2007-2018). Depression was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The risk for depression, expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), was quantified by survey-weighted logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 31,204 respondents were analyzed. Significance was identified for all, except walking or bicycling per week, types of physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) of weekly vigorous recreational physical activity was associated with 31.3% decreased depression risk (adjusted OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.5663-0.840). Per 1 SD increment in sitting time can increase depression risk by 22.4% (adjusted OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.131-1.325). In subsidiary analyses, the association with depression was reinforced in respondents aged ≤65 years and those overweight or obese. Mediation analyses revealed significant effects for red blood cell (RBC) on total MET (19.4%) and moderate work-related physical activity (MWPA) (22.0%), and for red cell distribution wide (RCDW) on vigorous work-related physical activity (17.7%), moderate work-related physical activity (13.1%), total MET (11.2%), and sitting time (16.4%) (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that more physical activity and less sitting time were associated with a lower likelihood of having depression among US adults, and this association was probably mediated by RBC and RCDW.

Modulating the Expression of Exercise-induced lncRNAs: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Progression

Recent research shows exercise is good for heart health, emphasizing the importance of physical activity. Sedentary behavior increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, while exercise can help prevent and treat it. Additionally, physical exercise can modulate the expression of lncRNAs, influencing cardiovascular disease progression. Therefore, understanding this relationship could help identify prospective biomarkers and therapeutic targets pertaining to cardiovascular ailments. This review has underscored recent advancements concerning the potential biomarkers of lncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, while also summarizing existing knowledge regarding dysregulated lncRNAs and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we have contributed novel perspectives on the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs, which hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions. The knowledge imparted in this review may prove valuable in guiding the design of future investigations and furthering the understanding of lncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.

Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND

A negative lifestyle is reported to be related to cognitive problems. However, there is little information about this in relation to university students. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between executive functions (EFs) and lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits) among Chilean university students.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included a total of 150 university students (94 females and 56 males, aged 21.28 ± 3.15 and 22.18 ± 2.90 years, respectively). Cognitive outcomes were measured using the CogniFit assessment battery. Lifestyle was measured through validated questionnaires.

RESULTS

Across the total sample, attention exhibited a positive association with PA h/week (β: 24.34 95% CI: 12.46 to 36.22, p = 0.001). Additionally, coordination was positively associated with PA h/week (β: 15.06 95% CI: 0.62 to 29.50, p < 0.041). PA h/week was positively linked with reasoning (β: 20.34 95% CI: 4.52 to 36.17, p = 0.012) and perception (β: 13.81 95% CI: 4.14 to 23.49, p = 0.005). Moreover, PA h/week was significantly linked to memory (β: 23.01 95% CI: 7.62 to 38.40, p = 0.004). In terms of the EFs, PA h/week showed a positive association with cognitive flexibility (β: 45.60 95% CI: 23.22 to 67.69, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, lifestyle (PA h/week) was positively associated with EFs. Therefore, an increase in PA levels among these students should be a target for community- and university-based interventions in order to promote cognitive development such as attention, coordination, reasoning, perception, memory, and cognitive flexibility.

Night Screen Time is Associated with Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

In recent years, a significant shift toward remote work, virtual education, and social distancing measures was witnessed, thereby leading people to increasingly depend on digital devices for communication, work, and entertainment. This increased exposure to screens has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on cognitive function.

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between screen time and cognitive function among healthy young adults.

Methods

One hundred forty-five healthy individuals (mean age 21.55 ± 2.84 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information including age, sex, height, weight, and level of education were obtained. Participants reported screen time using a screen time questionnaire. Cognitive function tests including, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were conducted. Multilinear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between age, sex, level of education, screen time, and cognitive function.

Results

One hundred thirty-nine participants (76 women) completed the study. Increased night screen time, bachelor's educational level, and women were associated with lower PASAT scores (R2=0.258; p≤0.047). Moreover, increased night screen time was associated with lower MoCA scores (R2=0.029; p=0.035). However, no associations were found between night screen time and SDMT scores.

Conclusion

Participants who had higher night screen exposure had lower cognitive scores in the information speed processing, working memory, calculation, and attention domains. Considering these findings, this study emphasizes on the importance of setting a future recommended screen time guidelines for young adults as well as to promote healthy cognitive habits in order to preserve cognitive function and reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease in the future. Future prospective cohort studies involving a more diverse age range is needed.

A bibliometric analysis on the health behaviors related to mild cognitive impairment

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI.

Methods

The study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index sub-databases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, co-keywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain.

Results

The bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," "Neurobiology of Aging," "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience," and other geriatrics-related journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies.

Exploring the potential relationship between short sleep risks and cognitive function from the perspective of inflammatory biomarkers and cellular pathways: Insights from population-based and mice studies

AIMS

The molecular mechanism of short-sleep conditions on cognition remains largely unknown. This research aimed to investigate associations between short sleep, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function in the US population (NHANES data 2011-2014) and explore cellular mechanisms in mice.

METHODS

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated using blood-cell based biomarkers. Further, we employed integrated bioinformatics and single-cell transcriptomics (GSE137665) to examine how short sleep exposure influenced the molecular pathways associated with inflammation in the brain. To explore the signaling pathways and biological processes of sleep deprivation, we carried out enrichment analyses utilizing the GO and KEGG databases.

RESULTS

Population results showed that, compared with normal sleep group, severe short sleep was associated with lower cognitive ability in all the four tests. Moreover, a higher SII level was correlated with lower scores of cognitive tests. In mice study, elevated activation of the inflammatory pathway was observed in cell subgroups of neurons within the sleep deprivation and recovery sleep cohorts. Additionally, heightened expression of oxidative stress and integrated stress response pathways was noted in GABAergic neurons during sleep deprivation.

CONCLUSION

This study contributed to the understanding of the influence of short sleep on cognitive function and its cellular mechanisms.

Inverted U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age in US adults: a population-based study

Sleep is a modifiable behavior that can be targeted in interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging. This study aims to (i) identify the sleep duration trend in US adults; (ii) investigate the relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age; and (iii) explore the role of exercise in this relationship. Phenotypic age as a novel index was calculated according to biomarkers collected from US adults based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sleep information was self-reported by participants and discerned through individual interviews. The principal analytical method employed was weighted multivariable linear regression modeling, which accommodated for the complex multi-stage sampling design. The potential non-linear relationship was explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Furthermore, subgroup analyses evaluated the potential effects of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on the primary study outcomes. A total of 13,569 participants were finally included in, thereby resulting in a weighted population of 78,880,615. An examination of the temporal trends in sleep duration revealed a declining proportion of individuals with insufficient and markedly deficient sleep time since the 2015-2016 cycle. Taken normal sleep group as a reference, participants with extreme short sleep [β (95% CI) 0.582 (0.018, 1.146), p = 0.044] and long sleep [β (95% CI) 0.694 (0.186, 1.203), p = 0.010] were both positively associated with phenotypic age using the fully adjusted model. According to the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and phenotypic age, long sleep duration can benefit from regular exercise activity, whereas short sleep duration with more exercise tended to have higher phenotypic age. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between short and long sleep durations and phenotypic age. This study represents an important step forward in our understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and healthy aging. By shedding light on this topic and providing practical exercise recommendations for promoting healthy sleep habits, researchers can help individuals live longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives.

Frontiers and hotspots of high-intensity interval exercise in children and adolescents: text mining and knowledge domain visualization

Background: During the past two decades, research on high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents has steadily accumulated, especially on the subthemes of improving cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health. However, there is still little scientific understanding of using scientometric analysis to establish knowledge maps. Exploring the relationship between known and new emerging ideas and their potential value has theoretical and practical implications in the context of a researcher's limited ability to read, analyze, and synthesize all published works. Objective: First, this study aims to provide extensive information on HIIE research in children and adolescents, including authors, institutions, countries, journals, and references. Second, the objective is to use co-occurrence, burst, and co-citation analyses based on hybrid node types to reveal hotspots and forecast frontiers for HIIE research in children and adolescents. Methods: Using the bibliographic data of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the data source, publications, authors, and journals were analyzed with the help of bibliometric methods and visualization tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Pajek, and Bibliometrix R package. Authorial, institutional, and national collaboration networks were plotted, along with research hotspots and research frontiers based on keyword bursts and document co-citations. Results: This study found that executive function, high-intensity interval training, heart rate variability, and insulin resistance are emerging research topics; high-intensity training, mental health, exercise intensity, and cardiometabolic risk factors are continual frontier research areas in the subthemes. Conclusion: Our study has three novel contributions. First, it explicitly and directly reflects the research history and current situation of the HIIE intervention strategy in children and adolescents. This approach makes it clear and easy to trace the origin and development of this strategy in specific groups of children and adolescents. Second, it analyzes the research hotspots of HIIE in the field and predicts the research frontiers and development trends, which will help researchers get a deeper understanding of HIIE and pediatric health research. Third, the findings will enable researchers to pinpoint the most influential scholars, institutions, journals, and references in the field, increasing the possibility of future collaborations between authors, institutions, and countries.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with C-reactive protein in US adults who get insufficient sleep: A threshold and isotemporal substitution effect analysis

This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and chronic inflammation in short sleep adults. The study included 2,113 NHANES participants with self-reported insufficient sleep. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as the inflammatory biomarker. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were objectively measured by accelerometers. Weighted regression model, two - piecewise linear regression model, and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate associations mentioned above. An isotemporal substitution model was used to assess the modelled effects of replacing sedentary time (ST) with moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity (MVPA) or light physical activity (LPA). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher levels of ST and lower levels of LPA or MVPA were associated with higher CRP levels. Isotemporal substitution analysis indicated that replacing 30 minutes of ST with 30 minutes of MVPA was associated with a significant decrease in CRP levels. Saturation analysis suggested that the association between MVPA and CRP may plateau at over 20 minutes of MVPA per day. Findings of this study provides insight into the potential benefits of replacing ST with MVPA. This study also suggests that increasing MVPA beyond a certain point may not provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits in a short sleep population.

Relationship between accelerometer-measured sleep duration and Stroop performance: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study among young adults

Objectives

Short sleep is becoming more common in modern society. This study aimed to explore the relationship between accelerometer-measured sleep duration and cognitive performance among young adults as well as the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms.

Methods

A total of 58 participants were included in this study. Participants were asked to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer to identify their sleep duration for 7 consecutive days. Cognitive function was assessed by the Stroop test. Two conditions, including the congruent and incongruent Stroop, were set. In addition, stratified analyses were used to examine sensitivity. 24-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) equipment was applied to measure hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive tasks.

Results

Results showed that sleep duration was positively associated with accuracy of the incongruent Stroop test (0.001 (0.000, 0.002), p = 0.042). Compared with the regular sleep (≥7 h) group, lower accuracy of the incongruent Stroop test (-0.012 (-0.023, -0.002), p = 0.024) was observed in the severe short sleep (<6 h). Moreover, a stratified analysis was conducted to examining gender, age, BMI, birthplace, and education's impact on sleep duration and the incongruent Stroop test accuracy, confirming a consistent correlation across all demographics. In the severe short sleep group, the activation of left middle frontal gyri and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyri were negatively associated with the cognitive performance.

Conclusions

This study emphasized the importance of maintaining enough sleep schedules in young college students from a fNIRS perspective. The findings of this study could potentially be used to guide sleep time in young adults and help them make sleep schemes.

Knowledge structure and future research trends of body-mind exercise for mild cognitive impairment: a bibliometric analysis

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that poses a risk of progression to dementia. There is growing research interest in body-mind exercise (BME) for patients with MCI. While we have observed a rapid growth in interest in BME for MCI over the past 10 years, no bibliometric analysis has investigated the knowledge structure and research trends in this field. Consequently, the objective of this research is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global publications of BME for MCI from 2013 to 2022.

Methods

A total of 242 publications in the field of BME for MCI were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis, including performance analysis, science mapping, and visualization, was performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel.

Results

Publications and citations in the field of BME for MCI have shown a rapidly increasing trend over the last decade. Geriatrics & Gerontology, and Neurosciences were the most frequently involved research categories. China (78 documents) and the USA (75 documents) contributed to the largest number of publications and had the strongest international collaborative networks. Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine contributed to the largest number of publications (12 documents), and Chen, L of this institution was the most prolific author (12 documents). Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (16 documents), and JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (12 documents) were the most prolific journals. Tai Chi and Baduanjin, as specific types of BME, were the hotspots of research in this field, while evidence synthesis and guidelines might be future research trends.

Conclusion

In the last decade, there has been a rapid growth in scientific activities in the field of BME for MCI. The results of this study provide researchers and other stakeholders with knowledge structure, hotspots, and future research trends in this field.

The role of education attainment on 24-hour movement behavior in emerging adults: evidence from a population-based study

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between education level and health behavior including sleep, work activity, exercise activity, and sedentary behavior among emerging adults.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2018. The study sample included 4,484 emerging adults aged 18-25 years and the weighted participants were 30,057,813. Weighted multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between education level and the aforementioned health behavior, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, poverty-income ratio, BMI, smoking, and alcohol drinking status.

Results

This study revealed that higher education level was associated with shorter sleep duration [Fully adjusted model, β (95% CI): -0.588 (-0.929, -0.246), p < 0.001]. Additionally, those with higher education levels were more likely to allocate time in sedentary behavior [β (95% CI): 90.162 (41.087, 139.238), p < 0.001]. Moreover, higher education level was related to less work activity [β (95% CI): -806.991 (-1,500.280, -113.703), p = 0.023] and more exercise activity time [β (95% CI): 118.196 (-21.992, 258.385), p = 0.097]. Subgroup analysis further verified this trend and detected that males with higher education level tended to participate in less work activity [β (95% CI): -1,139.972 (-2,136.707, -143.237), p = 0.026] while females with higher education level tended to engage in more exercise activity [Fully adjusted model, β (95% CI): 141.709 (45.468, 237.950), p = 0.004].

Conclusion

This study highlighted the importance of education level as a significant factor in promoting healthy behavior among emerging adults. The findings underscored the need for the Ministry of Education to prioritize educating this demographic about the significance of maintaining adequate sleep patterns and reducing sedentary habits. Encouraging them to allocate more time for work and physical activities can significantly contribute to their overall wellbeing and success, ultimately fostering a healthier next generation.

The effects of different types of Tai Chi exercise on anxiety and depression in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background

The body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults is steadily increasing. Nonetheless, there remains a scarcity of studies directly comparing the clinical effectiveness of various Tai Chi exercises in addressing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults. Thus, this study aimed to systematically review and analyze the therapeutic efficacy of four types of Tai Chi interventions in enhancing anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Methods

During the period up to July 26, 2023, searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). The language scope encompassed both English and Chinese. Two independent reviewers conducted the literature review and data extraction. Review Manager 5.4 was employed for traditional meta-analysis and risk assessment, while version 15 of STATA software was used for generating evidence and funnel plots for network meta-analysis. This study was registered in PROSPERO number CRD 42023442270.

Result

In this analysis, a total of 20 studies were included, involving 1798 participants. The findings of the pairwise meta-analysis revealed that Tai Chi intervention was more effective than the control group in reducing anxiety (SMD: -1.19, 95% CI: -2.04, -0.34, p < 0.05) and depression (SMD: -0.65, 95% CI: -0.95, -0.65, p < 0.05) symptoms among older adults. The network meta-analysis specifically focused on anxiety symptoms and found that Yang-style Tai Chi (69.9%) had the most favorable outcome, followed by the 24-form Simplified Tai Chi (66.8%). In terms of depression symptoms, the Tai Chi Exercise Program (92.6%) had the highest performance, followed by Yang-style Tai Chi (77.9%).

Conclusion

The findings of this study imply that Tai Chi can have beneficial outcomes in the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms among older individuals. Specifically, when examining various forms of Tai Chi interventions, it was observed that Yang-style Tai Chi exhibited a greater efficacy in alleviating anxiety symptoms, whereas Tai Chi exercise programs demonstrated a higher effectiveness in improving depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, it is strongly advised that older adults select an exercise program that aligns with their interests and preferences, as this can enhance social integration and overall well-being.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442270, identifier [CRD42023442270].

Investigation of effects of Circadian Rhythm in Sport: A bibliometric analysis

PURPOSE

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on circadian rhythms and sports to identify research trends, knowledge gaps, and future directions.

METHODS

A total of 301 manuscripts, including 245 articles and 56 reviews, were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, and the bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.16.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed a continuous increase in the volume of literature on circadian rhythms and sports over the past 38 years, with a focus on the effects of circadian rhythms on physical performance, sleep quality, and jet lag. The study identified 1107 authors who have contributed to this field, with the highest number of publications from Reilly T, Chtourou H, and Atkinson G. The publications were from 512 institutions in 59 countries/regions, with Liverpool John Moores University, University of Sfax, and Manouba University being the leading institutions. The USA, UK, and Australia had the largest number of publications. The top 3 journals were Chronobiology International, Biological Rhythm Research, and Sports Medicine.

CONCLUSION

Despite the increase in research, there are still several underexplored areas, such as the effects of circadian rhythms on cognitive and emotional processes in sports, the role of individual differences in circadian rhythms on sports outcomes, and the potential applications of circadian interventions for sports performance optimization. Future research should address these gaps to advance our understanding of the complex relationship between circadian rhythms and sports.

The Mechanisms of Sleep Function and Regulation for Health and Cognitive Performance

Although we spend about one third of our life sleeping, the function and regulation of sleep remain scientific enigmas [...].

Unraveling the link between hypertension and depression in older adults: a meta-analysis

Objective

To perform a meta-analyses to understand the current status of and risk factors for depression in older adults with hypertension.

Methods

Eight electronic databases and two clinical trial registries were searched to identify studies examining the incidence of and risk factors for depression among older adults with hypertension. The databases were searched from inception to June 2023. The included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the evaluation tool recommended by the Agency for Health care Research and Quality.

Results

A total of 18 studies with 29,694 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of depression in older adults with hypertension was 29%. The risk factors for depression among this population included sex [OR value 95% confidence interval 2.24 (1.32, 3.82)], education level [OR 95% CI 1.79 (1.02, 3.14)], residence [OR 95% CI 1.37 (1.24, 1.52)], comorbidities [OR 95% CI 1.79 (1.69, 1.90)], hypertension classification [OR 95% CI 2.81 (1.79, 4.42)], marital status [OR 95% CI 1.50 (1.33, 1.69)], sleep status [OR 95% CI 2.86 (2.21, 3.69)], activity limitation [OR 95% CI 3.42 (2.84, 4.13)], drinking [OR 95% CI 2.25 (1.58, 3.19)], social support [OR 95% CI 3.26 (2.42, 4.41)], living alone [OR 95% CI 1.79 (1.57, 2.04)], stressful events [OR 95% CI 1.62 (1.39, 1.90)], and course of diseases [OR 95% CI 3.23 (2.10, 4.97)].

Conclusion

The incidence of depression in older adults with hypertension is high, and there are many risk factors. Clinical health care professionals should intervene early to target the above risk factors to reduce the incidence of depression in older adults with hypertension worldwide.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO (york.ac.uk), identifier [CRD42023417106].

Mechanisms connecting square dance to sleep quality among middle-aged and older Chinese females: serial mediation roles of social support and depressive symptoms

Background

Square dance is gaining increasing popularity among middle-aged and older Chinese women who are also at high risk of sleep disturbance. Although previous studies have shown exercise could improve sleep quality, the association between square dance and sleep quality remains to be discussed, and even less is known about the potential mechanism underlying this association.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between square dance and sleep quality and test if social support and depressive symptoms together play a serial mediating role in the influence of square dance on sleep quality.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 549 middle-aged and older Chinese females from September to December 2020 in Shao Yang City, Hunan Province of China, with ethics approval granted (SYU [2020]002). Square dance involvement was assessed by three questions about the time participants spent in square dance. Social support, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social Support Self-Rating Scale (SSRS), and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. The serial mediation model was analyzed by the bootstrapping method to assess whether social support and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between square dance and sleep quality.

Results

Two-thirds of the participants had high involvement in square dance and most reported a moderate and high level of social support (98.54%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was 19.49 and 26.78%, respectively. The serial mediation model showed a significant association between square dance and sleep quality, which was fully mediated by social support and depressive symptoms in a serial model (total effect c = -0.114, 95%CI = -0.227 to -0.001; direct effect c' = -0.036, 95% CI = -0.138 to 0.065; total indirect effect ab = -0.077, 95% CI = -0.139 to-0.016).

Conclusion

Our study extends the understanding of how square dance is associated with sleep quality through the serial mediating roles of social support and depressive symptoms. It provides crucial implications for developing square dance interventions to improve sleep quality among middle-aged and older Chinese females.

Systematic and meta-based evaluation of the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behaviors among older adults

Objectives

Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further exploration and analysis.

Methods

This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for the effect of the built environment on the physical activity behaviors of older adults. R software was used to calculate the meta-estimated odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, the quality of included studies was evaluated using an observational study quality evaluation standard recommended by American health care quality and research institutions.

Results

A total of 16 original researches were included in this meta-analysis and eight factors of the built environment were evaluated. These factors which ranked from high to low according to their impact were traffic safety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.14-2.20]), destination accessibility (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.06-1.44]), aesthetics of sports venues (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07-1.37]), virescence of sports venues (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.06-1.23]), building density (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02-1.13]). Additionally, it seemed that there was no potential association between mixed land use (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.92-1.10]), the quality of pedestrian facilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.08]) or commercial facilities (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.88-1.00]) and physical activity behaviors of older adults.

Conclusions

The built environment has been found to exhibit a significant relationship with the physical activity behaviors of older adults. It is proposed that factors such as traffic safety, destination accessibility, aesthetics of sports venues, virescence of sports venues, and building density be given more consideration when aiming to promote physical activity levels among older adults.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity patterns are associated with phenotypic age: Isotemporal substitution effects

Prolonged sitting appears to accelerate aging, while optimal physical activity patterns have been found to delay the process. It is an emerging topic, and no conclusions have been reached regarding the relationship between physical activity patterns and biomarkers-measured aging. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sensor-based objectively measured physical activity and phenotypic age using a nationwide population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. Weighted linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and phenotypic age. A total of 6439 eligible participants were included and the weighted respondents were 49,964,300. Results showed that prolonged sitting was positively associated with phenotypic age in the fully adjusted model [β (95% CI): 0.009(0.007,0.011), p < 0.001], while increasing volume of LPA and MVPA was associated with younger phenotypic age using the fully adjusted model [β (95% CI): -0.010(-0.013,-0.006), p < 0.001; -0.062(-0.075,-0.048), p < 0.001]. By utilizing the Isotemporal Substitution Model, it was found that replacing 30 min of sedentary behavior with 30 min of LPA or MVPA per day was associated with estimated 0.4 or 1.9 years of phenotypic age reduction. According to the study's findings, maintaining a certain level of physical activity could delay the process of aging and intensity matters.

Mitigation role of physical exercise participation in the relationship between blood cadmium and sleep disturbance: a cross-sectional study

The neurotoxicity of heavy metals received increasingly attention in recent years. Sleeping is regulated and coordinated by nervous system, however, the health hazard of heavy metal like cadmium (Cd) exposure on sleep health remained unknown. Rescue strategies like physical exercise (PE) has emerged to mitigate such influence. An epidemiological design with cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010 was applied. The relationship between three blood heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg)] and sleep disturbance was analyzed. A total of 8,751 participants were finally included in and the weighted participants were 330,239,463. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression indicated that mixed blood metals were positively related to risk of sleep disturbance and the mixture effect of exposure to heavy metals was mainly attributable to Cd (89.1%). Weighted logistic regression showed a significant positive association between the highest quartile of blood Cd and sleep disturbance [(OR (95% CI)): 1.191 (1.014,1.400), p = 0.036] in the fully adjusted model, while no association was found under Pb and Hg exposure. In the association between Q3 and Q4 level of blood Cd and sleep disturbance, moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise group had lower risks than none and low exercise group. In the restricted cubic spline model, it was also verified that higher PE participation was associated with the lowest incidence of sleep disturbance with the increment in Cd concentration. Our study suggested that both policy makers and the public should minimize heavy metal exposure. Moreover, conducting moderate to vigorous physical exercise is a protecting factor to mitigate Cd's influence on sleep health.

Threshold effects of the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive function in the short-sleep elder population

Background

It has been demonstrated that elderly people's cognitive capacities can be improved with exercise, and short sleep is linked to cognitive decline. However, the impact of physical exercise on cognitive performance in seniors who do not get enough sleep is largely unknown. This makes it an intriguing subject to explore further.

Methods

This study consisted of elders (over 60 years old) who participated throughout the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's 2011-2014 cycle (NHANES). Weighted linear regression model and restricted cubic splines analysis were performed to evaluate the association between physical exercise and cognitive function. In the end, 1,615 samples were scrutinized and the total number of weighted respondents was 28,607,569.

Results

Results showed that in the Animal Fluency test and the Digit Symbol Substitution test, a positive association was found between physical exercise volume and scores in the fully adjusted model. A two-piecewise linear regression model was then applied to explore the threshold effect of exercise on cognitive performance. Before 960 and 800 MET-minutes/week, there were consistent positive relationship between exercise and scores of the Animal Fluency test [ß (95% CI): 0.233 (0.154, 0.312), p < 0.001] and Digit Symbol Substitution test [β (95% CI): 0.555 (0.332, 0.778), p < 0.001], respectively. However, there was a saturation effect where physical exercise volume reached the two inflection points.

Conclusion

According to our research, the benefit of exercise did not always expand with the exercise volume increment under the short-sleep condition, which challenged existing knowledge. The short-sleep elder group could maintain cognitive performance with no more than 800 MET-minutes/week of physical exercise. Verification of these findings requires further biological investigations.

Global research hotspots and frontiers of myasthenia gravis from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric study

The objective of this study is to utilize bibliometric and visual analysis techniques to identify hotspots and frontiers of research in myasthenia gravis (MG) and provide valuable references for future research. The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used to retrieve literature data related to MG research, which was then analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.18, CiteSpace 6.1.R3, and the Online Platform for Bibliometric Analysis. The analysis revealed 6734 publications distributed across 1612 journals and contributed by as many as 24,024 authors affiliated with 4708 institutions across 107 countries/regions. The number of annual publications and citations for MG research has steadily increased over the past 2 decades, with the last 2 years alone witnessing a remarkable increase in annual publications and citations to over 600 and 17,000, respectively. In terms of productivity, the United States emerged as the top producing country, while the University of Oxford ranked first in terms of research institutions. Vincent A was identified as the top contributor in terms of publications and citations. Muscle & Nerve and Neurology ranked first in publications and citations respectively, with clinical neurology and neurosciences among the main subject categories explored. The study also identified pathogenesis, eculizumab, thymic epithelial cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, thymectomy, MuSK antibodies, risk, diagnosis, and management as the current hot research topics in MG, while burst keywords like quality of life, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), rituximab, safety, nivolumab, cancer, and classification indicated the frontiers of MG research. This study effectively identifies the hotspots and frontiers of MG research, and offers valuable references for researchers interested in this area.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Such as the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer in Future Education

As an emerging research area since generative artificial intelligence (represented by Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)) has been accessible to the public, especially in education, appropriate AI application could bring numerous benefits to education; however, its abuse has the potential to be harmful. In this paper, we aimed to explore the potential of AI in the future of education with the analytical method of evolutionary game analysis (EGA). By studying the behavior of two agents, the school and the students, EGA can be used to identify strategies that can be used to improve the effectiveness of the education model in the context of the AI era. A stable evolutionary strategy for the school and students was devised under a variety of scenarios. Additionally, we conducted a numerical analysis to further explore the impact of several key factors on the stable strategy. The results indicated that schools should adopt positive supervision to standardize the use of AI in education, and students should be more active in becoming involved in AI technology. Based on this study, we believe that the school has the ability to provide effective suggestions and practical guidelines to help students succeed academically and embrace future trends in AI education.

The association between recreational physical activity and depression in the short sleep population: a cross-sectional study

Background

Short sleep is more common in the modern society. Recreational physical activity (RPA) like exercise brings both mental and physiological benefits to depression; paradoxically, lack of sleep is harmful. Evidence on the association between RPA and depression in the short sleep population is limited.

Methods

Participants with short sleep condition from the National health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2007-2018) were included in the present study. Short sleep condition was defined as ≤ 7 h per night. Sleep duration and RPA status were self-reported in NHANES by the Physical Activity Questionnaire using a 7-day recall method. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between RPA and depression. Additionally, the non-linear relationship between RPA and depression was evaluated using the threshold effect analysis and restricted cubic spline.

Results

This cross-sectional study comprised 6,846 adults' data, and the weighted participants were 52,501,159. The weighted prevalence of depression was higher in females, which took up 65.85% of all depression patients. In fully adjusted models, sufficient volume of RPA was associated with lower depression risks, with OR (95% CI) =0.678 (0.520, 0.883). Further analysis revealed a U-shaped association between RPA and incident depression, and the inflection point was 640 MET-minutes/week. When RPA <640 MET-minutes/week, increased RPA was associated with lower risk of incident depression, with OR (95% CI) = 0.891 (0.834, 0.953). When RPA ≥ 640 MET-minutes/week, the benefits of RPA seemed to be not significant, with OR (95% CI) = 0.999 (0.990, 1.009).

Conclusion

Our findings observed associations between RPA condition and incident depression in the short sleep population. Moderate RPA was beneficial to maintain mental health and associated with lower incidence of depression for short sleepers, but excessive RPA might increase the risk of depression. For general short sleepers, keeping the RPA volume approximately 640 MET-minutes/week was beneficial to lower risks of depression. Gender difference should be considered as an important factor for further studies to examine these relationships and explore mechanisms.

Scientometric analysis of post-stroke depression research based on CiteSpace

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has served as a severe and common complication leading to a higher level of mortality. Though various studies have been focused on PSD, limited research endeavor has been dedicated to bibliometric analysis in the past. In view of this, the current analysis serves to elucidate the latest status of global research and pinpoint the emerging area of interest for PSD, in order to support further investigation of the field. Publications related to PSD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database on September 24, 2022, and included in the bibliometric analysis. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to visually analyze publication outputs, scientific cooperation, highly-cited references, and keywords to identify the current status and future trends in PSD research. A total of 533 publications were retrieved. The annual number of publications showed an increasing trend from 1999 to 2022. In terms of country and academic institution, the USA and Duke University have topped the list of PSD research respectively. Meanwhile, Robinson RG and Alexopoulos GS have been the most representative investigators of the field. In the past, researchers focused on the risk factors of PSD, late-life depression, and Alzheimer disease. In recent years, further research effort has been placed on meta-analysis, ischemic stroke, predictor, inflammation, mechanism, and mortality. In conclusion, in the past 20 years, PSD research has been progressing and gaining more attention. The bibliometric analysis successfully unveiled the field's major contributing countries, institutions, and investigators. Furthermore, current hot spots and future trends in the field of PSD were identified, which included meta-analysis, ischemic stroke, predictor, inflammation, mechanism, and mortality.

Physical activity mitigates the influence of blood cadmium on memory function: a cross-sectional analysis in US elderly population

Current evidence showed that heavy metal exposure including cadmium (Cd) exposure might contribute to memory function impairment in youth, while this association has not been extensively explored in senior groups. Complementary therapy like physical activity (PA) is proved to enhance memory; however, the combined effects of Cd exposure and PA are interesting issues worth investigating. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 were analyzed. Multivariable weighted linear regression model and restricted cubic splines analysis were used to examine the association between blood Cd, PA, and memory function. Ultimately, 1884 samples were analyzed, and the weighted participants were 98,350,183. Results showed that in the immediate and delayed recall tests, a negative association was found between blood Cd and scores for the fully adjusted model, while a positive association was detected with PA on memory test scores. In subgroup analysis, for the delayed recall test, in lower Cd exposure (Cd = Q1), stronger effect size was found in the moderate level PA group than the higher level PA group (moderate level PA group, β = 1.133, 95% CI: 0.330, 1.936; high level PA group, β = 0.203, 95% CI: - 0.314, 0.719), and this finding also existed in higher (Cd = Q4) exposure (moderate level PA group, β = 0.988, 95% CI: 0.267, 1.708; high level PA group, β = 0.830, 95% CI: 0.261, 1.400). Moreover, the non-linear relationship between Cd exposure and performance of CERAD test under different levels of PA was reported, and the moderate level PA group performed best from lower to higher blood Cd. According to our research, the benefit of PA did not always expand with the PA intensity increment under different Cd exposure. Performing an appropriate level of physical exercise could alleviate the memory decline under Cd exposure in the elder groups. Further biological investigations are warranted to verify these findings.

Muscle quality index is associated with trouble sleeping: a cross-sectional population based study

BACKGROUND

Trouble sleeping is one of the major health issues nowadays. Current evidence on the correlation between muscle quality and trouble sleeping is limited.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study design was applied and participants aged from 18 to 60 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 was used for analysis. Muscle quality index (MQI) was quantitatively calculated as handgrip strength (HGS, kg) sum/ arm and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM, kg) by using the sum of the non-dominant hand and dominant hand. Sleeping data was obtained by interviews and self-reported by individuals. The main analyses utilized weighted multivariable logistic regression models according to the complex multi-stage sampling design of NHANES. Restricted cubic spline model was applied to explore the non-linear relationship between MQI and trouble sleeping. Moreover, subgroup analyses concerning sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were conducted in this study.

RESULTS

5143 participants were finally included in. In the fully adjusted model, an increased level of MQI was significantly associated with a lower odds ratio of trouble sleeping, with OR = 0.765, 95% CI: (0.652,0.896), p = 0.011. Restricted cubic spline showed a non-linear association between MQI and trouble sleeping. However, it seemed that the prevalence of trouble sleeping decreased with increasing MQI until it reached 2.362, after which the odds ratio of trouble sleeping reached a plateau. Subgroup analyses further confirmed that the negative association between the MQI and trouble sleeping was consistent and robust across groups.

CONCLUSION

Overall, this study revealed that MQI can be used as a reliable predictor in odds ratio of trouble sleeping. Maintaining a certain level of muscle mass would be beneficial to sleep health. However, this was a cross-sectional study, and causal inference between MQI and trouble sleeping was worthy of further exploration.