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Qin K, Yu Y, Cai H, Li J, Zeng J, Liang H. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115808. [PMID: 38402743 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia poses significant societal challenges, including interpersonal tension, an increased risk of suicide, and soaring medical costs. Although antipsychotics can prevent relapses, they often give rise to adverse effects and do not provide lasting relief. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) emerge as a hopeful avenue for improving outcomes. However, existing research and meta-analyses of the efficacy of MBI in schizophrenia remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MBI as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception dates up to January 12, 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software (version 15.0) and Review Manager 5.4. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. A total of 18 RCTs were included, with 675 patients and 704 health controls. Our meta-analysis revealed that MBI significantly improved psychosocial function, insight, and mindfulness in individuals with schizophrenia. The quality of the included RCTs had a low to moderate risk of bias. These findings suggest that MBI holds promise for improving the mental health of individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China.
| | - Huiling Cai
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Huolan Liang
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
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Li D, Qin K, Jin JB, Peng CH. [Current status and considerations on clinical application of function-preserving pancreatic surgery]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:338-345. [PMID: 38432676 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20231116-00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
For pancreatic neoplasms, the current clinical treatment strategy is mainly using standard surgical methods, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and total pancreatectomy. Standard surgical methods require a larger resection, including resection of some surrounding organs and a large amount of pancreatic parenchyma. The endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are easily damaged. Moreover, since the standard surgical procedure involves the reconstruction of the digestive tract at multiple anastomoses, there is a high risk of pancreatic, biliary, and intestinal fistulas occurring postoperatively. Therefore, function-preserving pancreatic surgery is recommended for some benign and low-grade pancreatic neoplasms. This type of surgery can treat pancreatic diseases while preserving more peripancreatic organs, pancreatic parenchyma and relatively complete digestive tract continuity, thereby improving the patient's short-term and long-term quality of life. In addition, with the development of laparoscopy and da Vinci robotic technology, minimally invasive technology-assisted pancreatic surgery has been carried out in clinical practice. They have been shown to be sufficiently safe and effective. This article reviews several common clinical pancreatic function-preserving surgical methods and their corresponding clinical applications and technical development status from the perspectives of preserving more peripancreatic organs, preserving more pancreatic parenchyma, and promoting pancreatic function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - K Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J B Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - C H Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Yu Y, Cai H, Chen X, Xiao F, Qin K, Li J. Correction: Intimate partner violence and its associations among HIV-infected MSM with new drug abuse in Jinan, China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:466. [PMID: 38355496 PMCID: PMC10868047 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiling Cai
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 510180, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuqun Xiao
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, 541006, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Yu Y, Cai H, Chen X, Xiao F, Qin K, Li J. Intimate partner violence and its associations among HIV-infected MSM with new drug abuse in Jinan, China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2517. [PMID: 38102660 PMCID: PMC10724906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is prevalent among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), with well-established risk factors and adverse outcomes. However, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of both upstream risk factors and downstream adverse outcomes among HIV-infected MSM in a Chinese context. This study aimed to examine IPV and its associations among a Chinese sample of HIV-infected MSM. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 294 HIV-infected MSM in Jinan City from June to December 2020. All data were collected through an online questionnaire, which included IPV, sexual risk behavior, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine risk factors and adverse outcomes of IPV. RESULTS Of the 294 HIV-infected MSM, 71.1% experienced any IPV, including control (37.1%), threat of public identity (30.6%), emotional violence (25.2%), security threat (18.4%), and physical violence (13.9%). The prevalence of sexual risk behavior, good ART adherence, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation was 55.1%, 53.4%, 48.3%, 32.3%, and 65.0%, respectively. Abuse of methamphetamine (METH) (aOR:2.79; 95%CI:1.43 ~ 5.45), capsule 0 or stimulating liquid (aOR:2.68; 95%CI:1.31 ~ 5.47), Magu (aOR:3.16; 95%CI:1.51 ~ 6.60), and other new drugs (aOR:2.87; 95%CI:1.52 ~ 5.43), disclosing HIV infection to partners (aOR:2.03; 95%CI:1.10 ~ 3.78), and gay sexual orientation (aOR = 3.32; 95%CI: 1.82 ~ 6.05) were significantly correlated with the experience of IPV. In addition, IPV was significantly associated with sexual risk behavior (aOR = 2.02; 95%CI:1.16 ~ 3.53), ART adherence (aOR = 2.63; 95%CI:1.46 ~ 4.74), depression (aOR = 3.83; 95%CI:2.09 ~ 7.02), anxiety (aOR = 2.27; 95%CI:1.19 ~ 4.35), and suicidal ideation (aOR = 3.78; 95%CI:2.11 ~ 6.80). CONCLUSIONS IPV is prevalent among HIV-infected MSM and is associated with poor behavioral and mental health, highlighting more efforts are needed to address this issue. The finding that new drug abuse, HIV disclosure, and gay sexual orientation are associated with increased risk of IPV provides essential insights for the development of comprehensive and targeted IPV prevention and intervention programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiling Cai
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuqun Xiao
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
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Wu J, Yu Y, Qin K, Ou Z. Mechanisms connecting square dance to sleep quality among middle-aged and older Chinese females: serial mediation roles of social support and depressive symptoms. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1307596. [PMID: 38074751 PMCID: PMC10701395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1307596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Square dance is gaining increasing popularity among middle-aged and older Chinese women who are also at high risk of sleep disturbance. Although previous studies have shown exercise could improve sleep quality, the association between square dance and sleep quality remains to be discussed, and even less is known about the potential mechanism underlying this association. Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between square dance and sleep quality and test if social support and depressive symptoms together play a serial mediating role in the influence of square dance on sleep quality. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 549 middle-aged and older Chinese females from September to December 2020 in Shao Yang City, Hunan Province of China, with ethics approval granted (SYU [2020]002). Square dance involvement was assessed by three questions about the time participants spent in square dance. Social support, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social Support Self-Rating Scale (SSRS), and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. The serial mediation model was analyzed by the bootstrapping method to assess whether social support and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between square dance and sleep quality. Results Two-thirds of the participants had high involvement in square dance and most reported a moderate and high level of social support (98.54%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was 19.49 and 26.78%, respectively. The serial mediation model showed a significant association between square dance and sleep quality, which was fully mediated by social support and depressive symptoms in a serial model (total effect c = -0.114, 95%CI = -0.227 to -0.001; direct effect c' = -0.036, 95% CI = -0.138 to 0.065; total indirect effect ab = -0.077, 95% CI = -0.139 to-0.016). Conclusion Our study extends the understanding of how square dance is associated with sleep quality through the serial mediating roles of social support and depressive symptoms. It provides crucial implications for developing square dance interventions to improve sleep quality among middle-aged and older Chinese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Music and Dance, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiwen Ou
- School of Marxism, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
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Qin K, Huang W, Zhang T, Tang S. Machine learning and deep learning for blood pressure prediction: a methodological review from multiple perspectives. Artif Intell Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-022-10353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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He Y, Chen K, Wei P, Xie G, Chen Z, Qin K, Gao Y, Ma H. [Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation of rats through the PC2/sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:988-996. [PMID: 35869760 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in promoting osteoblast mineralization and maturation is related to the primary cilia, polycystin2 (PC2) and sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. METHODS We detected the expression levels of PC2, sAC, PKA, CREB and their phosphorylated proteins in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts exposed to 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMFs for 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. We blocked PC2 function with amiloride hydrochloride and detected the changes in the activity of sAC/PKA/CREB signal pathway and the mineralization and maturation of the osteoblasts. These examinations were repeated in the osteoblasts after specific knockdown of PC2 via RNA interference and were the co-localization of PC2, sAC, PKA, CREB and their phosphorylated proteins with the primary cilia were using immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of PC2 and the signaling proteins of sAC/PKA/CREB pathway were detected after inhibition of primary ciliation by RNA interference. RESULTS The expression levels of PC2, sAC, p-PKA and p- CREB were significantly increased in the osteoblasts after exposure to PEMFs for different time lengths (P < 0.01). Blocking PC2 function or PC2 knockdown in the osteoblasts resulted in failure of sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway activation and arrest of osteoblast mineralization and maturation. PC2, sAC, p-PKA and p-CREB were localized to the entire primary cilia or its roots, but PKA and CREB were not detected in the primary cilia. After interference of the primary cilia, PEMFs exposure no longer caused increase of PC2 expression and failed to activate the sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway or promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation. CONCLUSION PC2, located on the surface of the primary cilia of osteoblasts, can perceive and transmit the physical signals from PEMFs and promote the mineralization and maturation of osteoblasts by activating the PC2/ sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - K Chen
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - P Wei
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - G Xie
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Z Chen
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - K Qin
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Y Gao
- Basic Medical Laboratory, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - H Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Qin K, Qin WY, Ming SP, Ma XF, Du XK. Effect of ciprofol on induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5063-5071. [PMID: 35916802 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202207_29292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at evaluating the effects of ciprofol on the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective, randomized, single-blind study enrolled 120 patients aged 18-65 years who underwent general anesthesia for kidney transplantation. The patients were randomized into a ciprofol group (group C) and a propofol group (group P). Anesthesia induction: group C had injected IV with ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg, group P had injected IV with propofol 2.0 mg/kg, while both groups had injected IV with sufentanil 0.4-0.5 μg/kg and cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg. Anesthesia maintenance: ciprofol was injected IV with 0.8-2.4 mg•kg-1•h-1 in group C, propofol was injected IV with 4-12 mg•kg-1•h-1 in group P, while remifentanil was injected IV with 8-15 μg•kg-1•h-1 and cisatracurium was injected IV with 0.1-0.2mg•kg-1•h-1, with the bispectral index (BIS) maintained at 40-60 during the operation. RESULTS The success rate of sedation in both groups was 100%. Compared with the P group, in group C the time of disappearance of the eyelash reflex and a decline in the BIS to 60 was shorter (p<0.001); the time of awakening was prolonged (p<0.001); the number of sedative drugs administered was reduced (p<0.001); MAP fluctuated less five mins after transplantation (p<0.01); the incidence of injection pain during induction was reduced (p<0.001) and intraoperative hypotension was decreased(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ciprofol is safe and effective for anesthesia induction and maintenance in kidney transplantation and its sedative effect is better than that of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Li SL, Sun XY, Qin K, Wen N, Liao JX, Lan LG, Huang Y, Lei ZY, Su QD, Wu JH. [Combined resection of thoracic and abdominal organ clusters: a series of 50 cases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:774-778. [PMID: 35790531 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20211109-00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the technique and effect of combined thoracic and abdominal organ clusters resection. Methods: From February 2019 to August 2021, totally 50 cases of combined thoracoabdominal organ cluster resection were completed at Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from donation after brain death donors. There were 47 males and 3 females, aging (34.8±12.3) years (range: 5 to 55 years). The length of hospital stay(M(IQR)) was 4(4) days (range: 2 to 43 days), the length of tube time was 4(2) days (range: 1 to 43 days). Through the midsternal incision and the abdominal grand cross incision, the cold perfusion was performing simultaneously when the perfusion lines of each target organ was established respectively. The combined resection was performed with the diaphragm as the boundary and the organ cluster as the unit. The heart and lung were separated on site and sent to the transplant hospital, and the abdominal organ cluster was directly preserved and returned to our hospital for further separation and repair. Results: Totaly 21 hearts, 47 pairs of lungs, 49 livers, 47 pairs of kidneys and 11 pancreas were harvested by this surgical treatment. The resection time was (32.6±6.5) minutes (range: 19 to 50 minutes), with no hot ischemia time. There was no accidental injury that affected organ quality and function. Heart transplantation was performed in 17 cases, combined heart-kidney transplantation in 2 cases, double lung transplantation in 43 cases, single lung transplantation in 6 cases, liver transplantation in 41 cases, combined liver-pancreas-duodenal cluster transplantation in 1 case, combined liver-kidney transplantation in 3 cases, combined pancreas-kidney transplantation in 9 cases, and kidney transplantation in 74 cases. Conclusion: Simultaneous perfusion and combined resection of thoracic and abdominal organ clusters for donation after brain death donors are feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Li
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - K Qin
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - N Wen
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - J X Liao
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - L G Lan
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Y Huang
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Z Y Lei
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Q D Su
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - J H Wu
- Transplant Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
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Zhang CH, Qin K, Tian SL, Han Y, Xu SY, Shao XY. Identification and Verification of the Ability of Cdk5 to Phosphorylate Deubiquitinating Enzyme BRCC3 In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:701-708. [PMID: 35503584 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the expression of the deubiquitinating enzyme BRCA1-BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) is increased in Parkinson's disease (both are involved in neuroinflammatory response). However, the regulatory mechanism of Cdk5 on the post-translational modification of BRCC3 remains unclear. Here we studied whether Cdk5 phosphorylates BRCC3. Phosphorylation of BRCC3 by Cdk5 was predicted by GPS 5.0 software. His-BRCC3 plasmid was constructed by cloning the BRCC3 gene into pGEX-6P-1 vector, and then His-BRCC3 fusion protein was induced with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside and purified using His-Tag affinity chromatography purification agarose. Phosphorylation of BRCC3 fusion protein by Cdk5 in vitro was detected by mass spectrometry and Western blotting. The results showed that multiple phosphorylation sites were predicted by GPS 5.0, and the His-BRCC3 fusion protein was successfully induced and purified. In vitro kinase assay, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry showed that Cdk5 can phosphorylate BRCC3. It has been demonstrated that protein kinase Cdk5 can phosphorylate the deubiquitinating enzyme BRCC3 in vitro, which provides new data for further study on the mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - K Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - S L Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - S Y Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - X Y Shao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Laboratory Animal Center, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Qin K, Zeng J, Liu L, Cai Y. Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on improving depressive symptoms and increasing adherence to antiretroviral medication in people with HIV. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990994. [PMID: 36440403 PMCID: PMC9682157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of depression is higher in PLWH (people living with HIV) than in the general population. It is of clinical significance to explore effective measures to improve depression in patients. But the available evidence is still quite limited. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is considered to be one of the effective methods to improve depression, medication adherence and quality of life in PLWH. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on improving depressive symptoms and increasing adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched by computer to collect randomized controlled trials on the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on improving depression and increasing ART medication adherence in PLWH, and the retrieval time was from the inception of each database to January 10, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed by two researchers using Stata 15.0 software after screening the literature, extracting data and evaluating quality according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 16 studies with 1,998 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that CBT improved depressive symptoms in PLWH (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.13 to -0.04], P < 0.001) with better long-term (<6 months) depression improvement (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.15 to -0.02], P = 0.006) than short-term (0-6 months); the difference in improved ART medication adherence in the CBT group compared to the control group was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.06 to 0.13], P = 0.490). There may be publication bias due to incomplete inclusion of literature as only published literature was searched. Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving depressive symptoms in people living with HIV, with better long-term (>6 months) results than short-term (0-6 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiale Zeng
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Cai
- Population Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ji X, Cui Z, Xiang Y, Zhang Q, Qin K, Tang B, Wei Y. Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of the Cold-active Siphoviridae Bacteriophage from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sun W, Li W, Ji X, Li H, Qin K, Wei Y. Cold-Adapted Bacterial Diversity in Mingyong Glacier based on Combination Analysis of Fatty Acids and 16S rRNA Gene Sequence. Microbiology (Reading) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Mónaco D, Dilernia D, Gartland A, Qin K, Dennis K, Tang J, Gilmour J, Bansal A, Allen S, Goepfert P, Hunter E. A12 Transmitted HLA pre-adapted polymorphisms in the GAG protein influences viral evolution in the new host. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905476 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Mónaco
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - A Gartland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Qin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K Dennis
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Tang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), London, UK
| | - A Bansal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Allen
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - P Goepfert
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Hunter
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Zhou D, Zhou D, Zhan S, Wang P, Qin K, Gan W, Lin X. Inhibition of JMJD6 expression reduces the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroglioma stem cells. Neoplasma 2017; 64:700-708. [DOI: 10.4149/neo_2017_507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Liu Q, Qin K, Shen B, Cai H, Cai B. Analysis of Fructus Arctii from Different Regions of China by HPLC Coupled with Chemometrics Methods. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Zheng L, Zhang M, Qin K, Cai H, Cao G, Cai B. Simultaneous Determination of 10 Active Components in Baizhu Shaoyao San and Its Single Herbs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:633-40. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Bunda S, Qin K, Kommaraju K, Heir P, Ohh M. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia-associated mutation in Cbl promotes resistance to apoptosis via the Lyn-PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:789-97. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Liu Z, Li W, Qin K, Wen K, Zhu CJ, Li NG, Bian HM, Wen HM, Chen L. Scaffold evaluation of liguzinediol analogs as novel cardiotonic agents. Pharmazie 2013; 68:926-932. [PMID: 24400437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liguzinediol (LZDO) could mediate the positive inotropic effects through sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase-dependent mechanism without the risk of arrhythmia. However, the pharmacophore of LZDO contributed to the activities was not clear. The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between positive inotropic effect and scaffold of LZDO as well as to check whether the pharmacophore of LZDO on anti-heart failure activity was located at the pyrazine ring. A series of LZDO analogs (3a-b, 4a-b, 9-19) were designed and synthesised, and their activities were evaluated on isolated heart contractility by Langendorff perfusion. The results showed that the efficacy of LZDO was reduced when the hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester moieties at the side chain position of LZDO were induced, and the para-dihydroxy in LZDO was necessary for its activity. Thus, the pharmacophore of the positive inotropic effect might be located at the whole scaffold of LZDO, but not at the pyrazine ring. The finding may provide an important clue of the pharmacophore for the development of novel cardiotonic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - W Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - K Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - K Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - C J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - N G Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - H M Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - H M Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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21
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Wang K, Lu Y, Qin K, Luo G, Wang T. Generating Gas-Liquid-Liquid Three-Phase Microflows in a Cross-Junction Microchannel Device. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Qiu L, Zhang L, Zhu L, Yang D, Li Z, Qin K, Mi X. PI3K/Akt mediates expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB in calyculin A-treated primary osteoblasts. Oral Dis 2009; 14:727-33. [PMID: 19193202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of calyculin A (CA), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in primary osteoblasts was investigated to determine whether protein phosphatases could affect primary osteoblasts and if so which signaling pathways would be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary osteoblasts were prepared from newborn rat calvaria. Cells were treated with 1 nM CA for different time periods. The expressions of TNF-alpha and GAPDH mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and the activation of Akt and NF-kappaB were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Calyculin A-treatment markedly increased the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and enhanced the phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473) in these cells. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of Akt in response to CA. Western blot analysis showed that CA stimulated the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in primary osteoblasts, and these responses were blocked by pretreatment with LY294002. CONCLUSION Calyculin A elicits activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which leads to expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB. This NF-kappaB activation involves both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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23
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Abstract
The skin locally synthesizes significant amounts of sexual hormones with intracrine or paracrine actions. The local level of each sexual steroid depends upon the expression of each of the androgen- and estrogen-synthesizing enzymes in each cell type, with sebaceous glands and sweat glands being the major contributors. Sebocytes express very little of the key enzyme, cytochrome P450c17, necessary for synthesis of the androgenic prohormones dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, however, these prohormones can be converted by sebocytes and sweat glands, and probably also by dermal papilla cells, into more potent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Five major enzymes are involved in the activation and deactivation of androgens in skin. Androgens affect several functions of human skin, such as sebaceous gland growth and differentiation, hair growth, epidermal barrier homeostasis and wound healing. Their effects are mediated by binding to the nuclear androgen receptor. Changes of isoenzyme and/or androgen receptor levels may have important implications in the development of hyperandrogenism and the associated skin diseases such as acne, seborrhoea, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. On the other hand, estrogens have been implicated in skin aging, pigmentation, hair growth, sebum production and skin cancer. Estrogens exert their actions through intracellular receptors or via cell surface receptors, which activate specific second messenger signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest specific site-related distribution of ERalpha and ERbeta in human skin. In contrast, progestins play no role in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. However, they play a major role in the treatment of hirsutism and acne vulgaris, where they are prescribed as components of estrogen-progestin combination pills and as anti-androgens. These combinations enhance gonadotropin suppression of ovarian androgen production. Estrogen-progestin treatment can reduce the need for shaving by half and arrest progression of hirsutism of various etiologies, but do not necessarily reverse it. However, they reliably reduce acne. Cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are similarly effective as anti-androgens in reducing hirsutism, although there is wide variability in individual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.
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24
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Smith GJD, Fan XH, Wang J, Li KS, Qin K, Zhang JX, Vijaykrishna D, Cheung CL, Huang K, Rayner JM, Peiris JSM, Chen H, Webster RG, Guan Y. Emergence and predominance of an H5N1 influenza variant in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:16936-41. [PMID: 17075062 PMCID: PMC1636557 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608157103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses in poultry in Eurasia accompanied with the increase in human infection in 2006 suggests that the virus has not been effectively contained and that the pandemic threat persists. Updated virological and epidemiological findings from our market surveillance in southern China demonstrate that H5N1 influenza viruses continued to be panzootic in different types of poultry. Genetic and antigenic analyses revealed the emergence and predominance of a previously uncharacterized H5N1 virus sublineage (Fujian-like) in poultry since late 2005. Viruses from this sublineage gradually replaced those multiple regional distinct sublineages and caused recent human infection in China. These viruses have already transmitted to Hong Kong, Laos, Malaysia, and Thailand, resulting in a new transmission and outbreak wave in Southeast Asia. Serological studies suggest that H5N1 seroconversion in market poultry is low and that vaccination may have facilitated the selection of the Fujian-like sublineage. The predominance of this virus over a large geographical region within a short period directly challenges current disease control measures.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- China/epidemiology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Variation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Poultry/virology
- Selection, Genetic
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. D. Smith
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - X. H. Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - J. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - K. S. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - K. Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - J. X. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - D. Vijaykrishna
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - C. L. Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - K. Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - J. M. Rayner
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
| | - R. G. Webster
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Y. Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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25
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Chen H, Smith GJD, Li KS, Wang J, Fan XH, Rayner JM, Vijaykrishna D, Zhang JX, Zhang LJ, Guo CT, Cheung CL, Xu KM, Duan L, Huang K, Qin K, Leung YHC, Wu WL, Lu HR, Chen Y, Xia NS, Naipospos TSP, Yuen KY, Hassan SS, Bahri S, Nguyen TD, Webster RG, Peiris JSM, Guan Y. Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: implications for pandemic control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:2845-50. [PMID: 16473931 PMCID: PMC1413830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparedness for a possible influenza pandemic caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 has become a global priority. The spread of the virus to Europe and continued human infection in Southeast Asia have heightened pandemic concern. It remains unknown from where the pandemic strain may emerge; current attention is directed at Vietnam, Thailand, and, more recently, Indonesia and China. Here, we report that genetically and antigenically distinct sublineages of H5N1 virus have become established in poultry in different geographical regions of Southeast Asia, indicating the long-term endemicity of the virus, and the isolation of H5N1 virus from apparently healthy migratory birds in southern China. Our data show that H5N1 influenza virus, has continued to spread from its established source in southern China to other regions through transport of poultry and bird migration. The identification of regionally distinct sublineages contributes to the understanding of the mechanism for the perpetuation and spread of H5N1, providing information that is directly relevant to control of the source of infection in poultry. It points to the necessity of surveillance that is geographically broader than previously supposed and that includes H5N1 viruses of greater genetic and antigenic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Chen
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G. J. D. Smith
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K. S. Li
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
| | - J. Wang
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
| | - X. H. Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J. M. Rayner
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D. Vijaykrishna
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J. X. Zhang
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L. J. Zhang
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. T. Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. L. Cheung
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K. M. Xu
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L. Duan
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K. Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K. Qin
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y. H. C. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W. L. Wu
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H. R. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y. Chen
- Research Center for Medical Molecular Virology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - N. S. Xia
- Research Center for Medical Molecular Virology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - T. S. P. Naipospos
- Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Health, Government of Indonesia, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12550, Indonesia
| | - K. Y. Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S. S. Hassan
- Veterinary Research Institute, 31 400 Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - S. Bahri
- Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Health, Government of Indonesia, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12550, Indonesia
| | - T. D. Nguyen
- **National Institute of Veterinary Research, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam; and
| | - R. G. Webster
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- **National Institute of Veterinary Research, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - J. S. M. Peiris
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y. Guan
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (Shantou University Medical College and Hong Kong University), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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Abstract
Conversion of normal cellular prion protein to the diseased form plays an essential role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. However, the normal physiological function of prion protein remains elusive. Doppel, a German synonym of double, was initially identified as a prion-like protein due to its structural and biochemical similarities. However, emerging evidence suggests that function of prion protein is more antagonistic to Doppel than synergistic. In this review, basic biochemical and structural similarities of prion protein and Doppel are introduced; evidence demonstrating antagonistic interaction of prion protein with Doppel is presented; and a potential novel activity of Doppel and prion protein in spermatogenesis, which could stimulate new avenues for research, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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27
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Qin K, Zhao L, Tang Y, Bhatta S, Simard JM, Zhao RY. Doppel-induced apoptosis and counteraction by cellular prion protein in neuroblastoma and astrocytes. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1375-88. [PMID: 16766127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of a prion-like protein, doppel, induces apoptosis-like changes in cerebellar neuronal granule and Purkinje cells of prion-knockout mice and this effect can be rescued by re-introduction of cellular prion. Since most of those studies were done in transgenic mice, in the present study, we have established a murine neuro-2a cell line and the primary rat adult reactive astrocyte model for studying doppel-induced apoptosis and possible prion counteraction. We demonstrate that expression of doppel in neuro-2a cells causes apoptosis, during which DNA fragmentation occurs as visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling staining and other intracellular changes characteristic of apoptosis are observed in the electron microscope. Using immunoblot analyses, we further demonstrate that doppel expression activates caspase-10 as well as caspase-3, but does not activate caspase-9. Addition of purified doppel to cultures of neuro-2a cells and the primary astrocytes causes similar apoptotic changes. Significantly, apoptosis induced by doppel is enhanced when cellular prion protein is depleted by RNA interference, suggesting a protective effect of cellular prion against doppel-induced apoptosis. The antagonistic interaction between cellular prion and doppel appears to involve direct protein-protein interaction possibly on cell membrane as cellular prion and doppel physically interact with each other and co-localize on cell membranes. Together, our data show that doppel induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma neuro-2a and rat primary astrocytes via a caspase-10 mediated pathway and that this effect is counteracted by cellular prion through direct interaction with doppel possibly on cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 700A, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Joint Influenza Research Center (SUMC and HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
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29
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Liu J, Xiao H, Lei F, Zhu Q, Qin K, Zhang XW, Zhang XL, Zhao D, Wang G, Feng Y, Ma J, Liu W, Wang J, Gao GF. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. Science 2005; 309:1206. [PMID: 16000410 DOI: 10.1126/science.1115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a pathogenic entity for a variety of species, including humans, in recent years. Here we report an outbreak among migratory birds on Lake Qinghaihu, China, in May and June 2005, in which more than a thousand birds were affected. Pancreatic necrosis and abnormal neurological symptoms were the major clinical features. Sequencing of the complete genomes of four H5N1 AIV strains revealed them to be reassortants related to a peregrine falcon isolate from Hong Kong and to have known highly pathogenic characteristics. Experimental animal infections reproduced typical highly pathogenic AIV infection symptoms and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
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Chen J, Cynkowski T, Guo H, Qin K, Cabral-Lilly D, Walters K, Ashton P. Morphine pharmacokinetics following intra-articular administration of a novel sustained release opioid (CDS-PM-101) for the relief of post-operative orthopaedic pain. J Control Release 2005; 101:359-60. [PMID: 15822207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Control Delivery Systems, Inc., Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Qin K, Ren LM, Zhao D. Uridine triphosphate prolongs action potential duration of guinea pig papillary muscles via P2Y2 purinoceptors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:21-5. [PMID: 11730556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the electrophysiologic effects of uridine triphosphate (UTP) on the guinea pig papillary muscles in vitro and purinoceptors related with the action of UTP. METHODS Intracellular microelectrode method was used to record action potentials (AP) in guinea pig papillary muscles. RESULTS UTP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) prolonged the action potential duration (APD) concentration dependently in guinea pig papillary muscles. The potency order was UTP=ATP > ADP. There was cross desensitization between the response to ATP and that to UTP, and neither Ado nor alpha, beta-MeATP caused great change in AP of the papillary muscles. The prolongation of APD by UTP was not affected by sustained perfusion with aminophylline. As an osmotic pressure control equivalent to UTP 3 mmol/L, ceftriaxonum 3 mmol/L or NaCl 9 mmol/L induced a marked but slight prolongation of APD. CONCLUSION UTP produced APD prolongation through specific and nonspecific actions, and the specific response to UTP was mediated by P2Y2 purinoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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33
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Abstract
The amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is a principal component of insoluble amyloid plaques which are characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta also exists as a normal soluble protein that undergoes a pathogenic transition to an aggregated, fibrous form. This transition can be affected by extraneous proteinaceous and nonproteinaceous elements, such as zinc ions, which may promote aggregation and/or stabilization of the fibrils. Protein chelation of zinc is typically mediated by histidines, cysteines and carboxylates. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Abeta-Zn2+ binding site is localized within residues 6-28 and that histidines may serve as the principal sites of interaction. To localize key residues within this region, a series of Abeta peptides (residues 1-28) were synthesized that contained systematic His/Ala substitutions. Circular dichroism and electron microscopy were used to monitor the effects of Zn2+ on the peptide beta-sheet conformation and fibril aggregation. Our results indicate that substitution of either His13 or His14 but not His6 eliminates the zinc-mediated effects. These observations indicate a specific zinc binding site within Abeta that involves these central histidine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Yang
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Silverman GL, Qin K, Moore RC, Yang Y, Mastrangelo P, Tremblay P, Prusiner SB, Cohen FE, Westaway D. Doppel is an N-glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Expression in testis and ectopic production in the brains of Prnp(0/0) mice predisposed to Purkinje cell loss. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:26834-41. [PMID: 10842180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003888200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prnd gene encodes a homolog of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) called doppel (Dpl). Up-regulation of Prnd mRNA in two distinct lines of PrP gene ablated (Prnp(0/0)) mice, designated Rcm0 and Ngsk, is associated with death of Purkinje cells. Using recombinant Dpl expressed in Escherichia coli and mouse neuroblastoma cells we demonstrate that wild type (wt) Dpl, like PrP(C), adopts a predominantly alpha-helical conformation, forms intramolecular disulfide bonds, has two N-linked oligosaccharides, and is presented on the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Dpl protein was detected in testis of wt mice. Using Triton X-114 phase partitioning to enrich for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, Dpl was detected in brain samples from Rcm0 Prnp(0/0) mice but was absent in equivalent samples from wt mice and ZrchI Prnp(0/0) mice, indicating that ectopic expression of this protein may cause cerebellar pathology in Rcm0 mice. Biochemical and structural similarities between PrP(C) and Dpl documented here parallel the observation that ataxic Ngsk Prnp(0/0) mice can be rescued by overexpression of wild-type PrP transgenes, and suggest that cell surface PrP(C) can antagonize the toxic effect of Dpl expressed in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Silverman
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada and
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35
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Qin K, Yang DS, Yang Y, Chishti MA, Meng LJ, Kretzschmar HA, Yip CM, Fraser PE, Westaway D. Copper(II)-induced conformational changes and protease resistance in recombinant and cellular PrP. Effect of protein age and deamidation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:19121-31. [PMID: 10858456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.25.19121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While PrP(C) rearranges in the area of codons 104-113 to form PrP(Sc) during prion infections, the events that initiate sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are undefined. As Cu(II) is a putative ligand for PrP(C) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated the structural effects of binding. Incubation of brain microsomes with Cu(II) generated approximately 30-kDa proteinase K-resistant PrP. Cu(II) had little effect on fresh recombinant PrP23-231, but aged protein characterized by conversion of Asn-107 to Asp decreased alpha-helical content by approximately 30%, increased beta-sheet content 100%, formed aggregates, and acquired proteinase K resistance in the presence of Cu(II). These transitions took place without need for acid pH, organic solvents, denaturants, or reducing agents. Since conversion of Asn to Asp proceeds by a spontaneous pathway involving deamidation, our data suggest that covalent variants of PrP(C) arising in this manner may, in concert with Cu(II), generate PrP(Sc)-like species capable of initiating sporadic prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Qin
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medical Biophysics, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Modern Medicine Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario M 5S 3HS, Canada
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Brown DR, Qin K, Herms JW, Madlung A, Manson J, Strome R, Fraser PE, Kruck T, von Bohlen A, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Giese A, Westaway D, Kretzschmar H. The cellular prion protein binds copper in vivo. Nature 1997; 390:684-7. [PMID: 9414160 DOI: 10.1038/37783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The normal cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) is a precursor to the pathogenic protease-resistant forms (PrPSc) believed to cause scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Its amino terminus contains the octapeptide PHGGGWGQ, which is repeated four times and is among the best-preserved regions of mammalian PrPC. Here we show that the amino-terminal domain of PrPC exhibits five to six sites that bind copper (Cu(II)) presented as a glycine chelate. At neutral pH, binding occurs with positive cooperativity, with binding affinity compatible with estimates for extracellular, labile copper. Two lines of independently derived PrPC gene-ablated (Prnp0/0) mice exhibit severe reductions in the copper content of membrane-enriched brain extracts and similar reductions in synaptosomal and endosome-enriched subcellular fractions. Prnp0/0 mice also have altered cellular phenotypes, including a reduction in the activity of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and altered electrophysiological responses in the presence of excess copper. These findings indicate that PrPC can exist in a Cu-metalloprotein form in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Brown
- Department of Neuropathology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena, Italy
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38
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Simpson ER, Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Michael MD, Bulun SE, Hinshelwood MM, Graham-Lorence S, Sun T, Fisher CR, Qin K, Mendelson CR. Aromatase expression in health and disease. Recent Prog Horm Res 1997; 52:185-213; discussion 213-4. [PMID: 9238853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Family 19 of the P450 superfamily is responsible for the conversion of C19 androgenic steroids to the corresponding estrogens, a reaction known as aromatization, since it involves conversion of the delta 4-3-one A-ring of the androgens to the corresponding phenolic A-ring characteristic of estrogens. Its members occur throughout the entire vertebrate phylum. The reaction mechanism of aromatase is very interesting from a chemical point of view and has been studied extensively; however, a detailed examination of structure-function relationships has not been possible due to lack of a crystal structure. Recent attempts to model the three-dimensional structure of aromatase have permitted a model that accounts for the reaction mechanism and predicts the location of aromatase inhibitors. The gene encoding human aromatase has been cloned and characterized and shown to be unusual compared to genes encoding other P450 enzymes, since there are a number of untranslated first exons that occur in aromatase transcripts in a tissue-specific fashion, due to differential splicing as a consequence of the use of tissue-specific promoters. Thus, expression in ovary utilizes a proximal promoter that is regulated primarily by cAMP. On the other hand, expression in placenta utilizes a distal promoter that is located at least 40 kb upstream of the start of transcription and that is regulated by retinoids. Other promoters are employed in brain and adipose tissue. In the latter case, class I cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11 as well as TNF alpha are important regulatory factors. PGE2 is also an important regulator of aromatase expression in adipose mesenchymal cells via cAMP and PGE2 appears to be a major factor produced by breast tumors that stimulates estrogen biosynthesis in local mesenchymal sites. In all of the splicing events involved in the use of these various promoters, a common 3'-splice junction is employed that is located upstream of the start of translation; thus, the coding regions of the transcripts- and hence the protein-are identical regardless of the tissue site of expression; what differ in a tissue-specific fashion are the 5'-ends of the transcripts. This pattern of expression has great significance both from a phylogenetic and ontogenetic standpoint as well as for the physiology and pathophysiology of estrogen formation. Recently, a number of mutations of the aromatase gene have been described, which give rise to complete estrogen deficiency. In females this results in virilization in utero and primary amenorrhea with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism at the time of puberty. In men the most striking feature is continued linear bone growth beyond the time of puberty, delayed bone age, and failure of epiphyseal closure, thus indicating an important role of estrogens in bone metabolism in men. In both sexes the symptoms can be alleviated by estrogen administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Simpson
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051, USA
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Abstract
We show that the spinning side-bands of protonated and non-protonated carbon atoms can be well separated by means of the standard SCP and LCPD experiments at a relatively slow sample spinning rate or at high magnetic field. These experiments offer a promising way of measuring the principal values of chemical shift anisotropies via spinning side-band analysis in a moderately complex system. General spectral editing in 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) experiments at high field is achieved by incorporating the total side-band suppression (TOSS) pulse sequence into the standard series of spectral editing pulse sequences. It is confirmed that the relative signal intensity for a certain kind of functional group obtained at different polarization, polarization-inversion and depolarization times is about the same as that obtained at low magnetic field, and that the signal intensity distortion introduced by the TOSS sequence for resonances having different chemical shift anisotropies does not interfere with the spectral editing process. However, quantitative results can only be expected in those cases where full restoration of the intensity of the central band can be achieved by the TOSS sequence. This new strategy at high field is demonstrated by using fumaric acid monoethyl ester as a model compound. A typical application to a Chinese resin is presented, where the relative ratio of each functional group in the aliphatic portion to the total number of aliphatic carbon atoms is determined from only three experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China
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Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, Fisher C, Qin K. Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:3689-98. [PMID: 8530621 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aromatase enzyme complex catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a wide variety of tissues, including the ovary, testis, placenta, brain, and adipose tissue. Only a single human gene encoding aromatase P450 (CYP19) has been isolated; tissue-specific regulation is controlled in part by alternative promoters in a tissue-specific manner. We report a novel mutation in the CYP19 gene in a sister and brother. The 28-yr-old XX proband, followed since infancy, exhibited the cardinal features of the aromatase deficiency syndrome as recently defined. She had nonadrenal female pseudohermaphrodism at birth and underwent repair of the external genitalia, including a clitorectomy. At the age of puberty, she developed progressive signs of virilization, pubertal failure with no signs of estrogen action, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovaries on pelvic sonography, and tall stature. The basal concentrations of plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were elevated, whereas plasma estradiol was low. Cyst fluid from the polycystic ovaries had a strikingly abnormal ratio of androstenedione and testosterone to estradiol and estrone. Hormone replacement therapy led to breast development, menses, resolution of ovarian cysts, and suppression of the elevated FSH and LH values. Her adult height is 177.6 cm (+2.5 SD). Her only sibling, an XY male, was studied at 24 yr of age. During both pregnancies, the mother exhibited signs of progressive virilization that regressed postpartum. The height of the brother was 204 cm (+3.7 SD) with eunuchoid skeletal proportions, and the weight was 135.1 kg (+2.1 SD). He was sexually fully mature and had macroorchidism. The plasma concentrations of testosterone (2015 ng/dL), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 ng/dL), and androstenedione (335 ng/dL) were elevated; estradiol and estrone levels were less than 7 pg/mL. Plasma FSH and LH concentrations were more than 3 times the mean value. Plasma PRL was low; serum insulin-like growth factor I and GH-binding protein were normal. The bone age was 14 yr at a chronological age of 24 3/12 yr. Striking osteopenia was noted at the wrist. Bone mineral densitometric indexes of the lumbar spine (cancellous bone) and distal radius (cortical bone) were consistent with osteoporosis; the distal radius was -4.7 SD below the mean value for age- and sex-matched normal men; indexes of bone turnover were increased. Hyperinsulinemia, increased serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morishima
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
The Mg(2+)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatases, also known as type 2C phosphatases (PP2C), belong to a gene family distinct from the other serine/threonine phosphatases and tyrosine phosphatases. Here we report the purification to apparent homogeneity of a novel Mg(2+)-dependent, Ca(2+)-inhibitable serine/threonine protein phosphatase from bovine brain. It is a type 2C enzyme in view of its Mg2+ requirement, resistance to okadaic acid and calyculin A, inability to use phosphorylase alpha as substrate, and a segment of amino acid sequence typical of all PP2C type phosphatases known to date. However, it differs from the other PP2C enzymes, particularly the mammalian PP2C alpha and -beta isoforms, in that its molecular weight, 76,000, is considerably larger and that it is inhibited by Ca2+, NaF, and polycations, but not by orthovanadate. The Ca2+ inhibition may not be related to its cellular regulation because of Ki values in the 20-90 microM range, but this property permits distinction of this enzyme from the other phosphatases. Although the precise physiological role of this phosphatase is not yet known, its ability to dephosphorylate a wide variety of phosphoproteins and its broad distribution, as shown by a survey of mouse tissues for its activity, suggest that it may serve an important cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Glab WL, Qin K, Bistransin M. Rotational and vibrational interactions of singlet gerade Rydberg states of H2 near the ionization limit. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. Glab
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41051, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - K. Qin
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41051, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - M. Bistransin
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41051, Lubbock, Texas 79409
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Abstract
Denervation of skeletal muscle results in dramatic remodeling of the cellular and molecular composition of the muscle connective tissue. This remodeling is concentrated in muscle near neuromuscular junctions and involves the accumulation of interstitial cells and several extracellular matrix molecules. Given the role of extracellular matrix in neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, we predict that this remodeling of the junctional connective tissue directly influences the regeneration of the neuromuscular junction. As one step toward understanding the role of this denervation-induced remodeling in synapse formation, we have begun to look for the signals that are involved in initiating the junctional accumulations of interstitial cells and matrix molecules. Here, the role of muscle inactivity as a signal was examined. The distributions of interstitial cells, fibronectin, and tenascin were determined in muscles inactivated by presynaptic blockade of muscle activity with tetrodotoxin. We found that blockade of muscle activity for up to 4 wk produced neither the junctional accumulation of interstitial cells nor the junctional concentrations of tenascin and fibronectin normally present in denervated frog muscle. In contrast, the muscle inactivity induced the extrajunctional appearance of two synapse-specific molecules, the acetylcholine receptor and a muscle fiber antigen, mAb 3B6. These results demonstrate that the remodeling of the junctional connective tissue in response to nerve injury is a unique response of muscle to denervation in that it is initiated by a mechanism that is independent of muscle activity. Thus connective tissue remodeling in denervated skeletal muscle may be induced by signals released from or associated with the nerve other than the evoked release of neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Connor
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003
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Glab WL, Qin K. Stark mapping of H2 Rydberg states in the strong-field regime with dynamical resolution. Phys Rev A 1993; 48:4492-4499. [PMID: 9910154 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Glab WL, Qin K. Dissociation and ionization of vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states of H2 in a static electric field. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qin K, Bistransin M, Glab WL. Stark effect and rotational-series interactions on high Rydberg states of molecular hydrogen. Phys Rev A 1993; 47:4154-4159. [PMID: 9909421 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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