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Simbilyabo LZ, Yang L, Wen J, Liu Z. The unfolded protein response machinery in glioblastoma genesis, chemoresistance and as a druggable target. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14839. [PMID: 39021040 PMCID: PMC11255034 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been progressively unveiled over the last decade and several studies have investigated its implication in glioblastoma (GB) development. The UPR restores cellular homeostasis by triggering the folding and clearance of accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER consecutive to endoplasmic reticulum stress. In case it is overwhelmed, it induces apoptotic cell death. Thus, holding a critical role in cell fate decisions. METHODS This article, reviews how the UPR is implicated in cell homeostasis maintenance, then surveils the evidence supporting the UPR involvement in GB genesis, progression, angiogenesis, GB stem cell biology, tumor microenvironment modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell fate decision, invasiveness, and grading. Next, it concurs the evidence showing how the UPR mediates GB chemoresistance-related mechanisms. RESULTS The UPR stress sensors IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 with their regulator GRP78 are upregulated in GB compared to lower grade gliomas and normal brain tissue. They are activated in response to oncogenes and are implicated at different stages of GB progression, from its genesis to chemoresistance and relapse. The UPR arms can be effectors of apoptosis as mediators or targets. CONCLUSION Recent research has established the role of the UPR in GB pathophysiology and chemoresistance. Targeting its different sensors have shown promising in overcoming GB chomo- and radioresistance and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucette Z. Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Tiwari M, Srivastava P, Abbas S, Jegatheesan J, Ranjan A, Sharma S, Maurya VP, Saxena AK, Sharma LK. Emerging Role of Autophagy in Governing Cellular Dormancy, Metabolic Functions, and Therapeutic Responses of Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38474411 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of heterogeneous populations of dysregulated cells that grow in specialized niches that support their growth and maintain their properties. Tumor heterogeneity and metastasis are among the major hindrances that exist while treating cancer patients, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Although the factors that determine tumor complexity remain largely unknown, several genotypic and phenotypic changes, including DNA mutations and metabolic reprograming provide cancer cells with a survival advantage over host cells and resistance to therapeutics. Furthermore, the presence of a specific population of cells within the tumor mass, commonly known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to initiate tumor formation, maintenance, resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, these CSCs have been investigated in detail recently as potential targets to treat cancer and prevent recurrence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in CSC proliferation, self-renewal, and dormancy may provide important clues for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Autophagy, a catabolic process, has long been recognized to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. In addition to regulating cancer cells, recent studies have identified a critical role for autophagy in regulating CSC functions. Autophagy is activated under various adverse conditions and promotes cellular maintenance, survival, and even cell death. Thus, it is intriguing to address whether autophagy promotes or inhibits CSC functions and whether autophagy modulation can be used to regulate CSC functions, either alone or in combination. This review describes the roles of autophagy in the regulation of metabolic functions, proliferation and quiescence of CSCs, and its role during therapeutic stress. The review further highlights the autophagy-associated pathways that could be used to regulate CSCs. Overall, the present review will help to rationalize various translational approaches that involve autophagy-mediated modulation of CSCs in controlling cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Pransu Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Janani Jegatheesan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Sadhana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Saxena
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Patna 801507, India
| | - Lokendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow 226014, India
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Singh P, Sen K, Sa P, Khuntia A, Raghav SK, Swain RK, Sahoo SK. Piperlongumine based nanomedicine impairs glycolytic metabolism in triple negative breast cancer stem cells through modulation of GAPDH & FBP1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155181. [PMID: 38091824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and exhibits high rate of chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse. This can be attributed to the failure of conventional therapeutics to target a sub-population of slow cycling or quiescent cells called as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, elimination of CSCs is essential for effective TNBC treatment. PURPOSE Research suggests that breast CSCs exhibit elevated glycolytic metabolism which directly contributes in maintenance of stemness, self-renewability and chemoresistance as well as in tumor progression. Therefore, this study aimed to target rewired metabolism which can serve as Achilles heel for CSCs population and have far reaching effect in TNBC treatment. METHODS We used two preclinical models, zebrafish and nude mice to evaluate the fate of nanoparticles as well as the therapeutic efficacy of both piperlongumine (PL) and its nanomedicine (PL-NPs). RESULTS In this context, we explored a phytochemical piperlongumine (PL) which has potent anti-cancer properties but poor pharmacokinetics impedes its clinical translation. So, we developed PLGA based nanomedicine for PL (PL-NPs), and demonstrated that it overcomes the pharmacokinetic limitations of PL, along with imparting advantages of selective tumor targeting through Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect in zebrafish xenograft model. Further, we demonstrated that PL-NPs efficiently inhibit glycolysis in CSCs through inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by modulating glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) and upregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. We also illustrated that inhibition of glycolysis results in overall tumor regression in two preclinical models. CONCLUSION This study discusses novel mechanism of action by which PL acts on CSCSs. Taken together our study provides insight into development of PL based nanomedicine which could be exploited in clinics to achieve complete eradication of TNBC by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Pratikshya Sa
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Auromira Khuntia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar 751 023, Odisha, India.
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4
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Kusaczuk M, Ambel ET, Naumowicz M, Velasco G. Cellular stress responses as modulators of drug cytotoxicity in pharmacotherapy of glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189054. [PMID: 38103622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive efforts to find effective therapeutic strategies, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a therapeutic challenge with dismal prognosis of survival. Over the last decade the role of stress responses in GBM therapy has gained a great deal of attention, since depending on the duration and intensity of these cellular programs they can be cytoprotective or promote cancer cell death. As such, initiation of the UPR, autophagy or oxidative stress may either impede or facilitate drug-mediated cell killing. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that regulate ER stress, autophagy, and oxidative stress during GBM development and progression to later discuss the involvement of these stress pathways in the response to different treatments. We also discuss how a precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating stress responses evoked by different pharmacological agents could decisively contribute to the design of novel and more effective combinational treatments against brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elena Tovar Ambel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Domena JB, Ferreira BCLB, Cilingir EK, Zhou Y, Chen J, Johnson QR, Chauhan BPS, Bartoli M, Tagliaferro A, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. Advancing glioblastoma imaging: Exploring the potential of organic fluorophore-based red emissive carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1619-1637. [PMID: 37494859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Over time, the interest in developing stable photosensitizers (PS) which both absorb and emit light in the red region (650 and 950 nm) has gained noticeable interest. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have become the material of focus to act as a PS due to their high extinction coefficient, low cytotoxicity, and both high photo and thermal stability. In this work, a Federal and Drug Association (FDA) approved Near Infra-Red (NIR) organic fluorophore used for photo-imaging, indocyanine green (ICG), has been explored as a precursor to develop water-soluble red emissive CDs which possess red emission at 697 nm. Furthermore, our material was found to yield favorable red-imaging capabilities of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) meanwhile boasting low toxicity. Additionally with post modifications, our CDs have been found to have selectivity towards tumors over healthy tissue as well as crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Emel K Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Qiaxian R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Bhanu P S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - M Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - A Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr, Davie, FL 33328, USA; Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Miki K, Yagi M, Noguchi N, Do Y, Otsuji R, Kuga D, Kang D, Yoshimoto K, Uchiumi T. Induction of glioblastoma cell ferroptosis using combined treatment with chloramphenicol and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10497. [PMID: 37380755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a malignant tumor, has no curative treatment. Recently, mitochondria have been considered a potential target for treating glioblastoma. Previously, we reported that agents initiating mitochondrial dysfunction were effective under glucose-starved conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a mitochondria-targeted treatment to achieve normal glucose conditions. This study used U87MG (U87), U373, and patient-derived stem-like cells as well as chloramphenicol (CAP) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). We investigated whether CAP and 2-DG inhibited the growth of cells under normal and high glucose concentrations. In U87 cells, 2-DG and long-term CAP administration were more effective under normal glucose than high-glucose conditions. In addition, combined CAP and 2-DG treatment was significantly effective under normal glucose concentration in both normal oxygen and hypoxic conditions; this was validated in U373 and patient-derived stem-like cells. 2-DG and CAP acted by influencing iron dynamics; however, deferoxamine inhibited the efficacy of these agents. Thus, ferroptosis could be the underlying mechanism through which 2-DG and CAP act. In conclusion, combined treatment of CAP and 2-DG drastically inhibits cell growth of glioblastoma cell lines even under normal glucose conditions; therefore, this treatment could be effective for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Noguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yura Do
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Otsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Tamayo-Molina YS, Velilla PA, Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Multitranscript analysis reveals an effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on gene expression linked to unfolded protein response and integrated stress response in primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130397. [PMID: 37290716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) binds to hexokinase in a non-competitive manner and phosphoglucose isomerase in a competitive manner, blocking the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway. Although 2-DG stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activating the unfolded protein response to restore protein homeostasis, it is unclear which ER stress-related genes are modulated in response to 2-DG treatment in human primary cells. Here, we aimed to determine whether the treatment of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with 2-DG leads to a transcriptional profile specific to ER stress. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in previously reported RNA-seq datasets of 2-DG treated cells. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the sequencing data on cultured MDMs. RESULTS A total of 95 common DEGs were found by transcriptional analysis of monocytes and MDMs treated with 2-DG. Among these, 74 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated. Multitranscript analysis showed that DEGs are linked to integrated stress response (GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, GADD34, IRE1α, XBP1, SESN2, ASNS, PHGDH), hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (GFAT1, GNA1, PGM3, UAP1), and mannose metabolism (GMPPA and GMPPB). CONCLUSIONS Results reveal that 2-DG triggers a gene expression program that might be involved in restoring protein homeostasis in primary cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 2-DG is known to inhibit glycolysis and induce ER stress; however, its effect on gene expression in primary cells is not well understood. This work shows that 2-DG is a stress inducer shifting the metabolic state of monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tamayo-Molina
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paula A Velilla
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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8
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Anagnostakis F, Kokkorakis M, Markouli M, Piperi C. Impact of Solute Carrier Transporters in Glioma Pathology: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119393. [PMID: 37298344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) are essential for brain physiology and homeostasis due to their role in transporting necessary substances across cell membranes. There is an increasing need to further unravel their pathophysiological implications since they have been proposed to play a pivotal role in brain tumor development, progression, and the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) through the upregulation and downregulation of various amino acid transporters. Due to their implication in malignancy and tumor progression, SLCs are currently positioned at the center of novel pharmacological targeting strategies and drug development. In this review, we discuss the key structural and functional characteristics of the main SLC family members involved in glioma pathogenesis, along with their potential targeting options to provide new opportunities for CNS drug design and more effective glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Anagnostakis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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9
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Park JW. Metabolic Rewiring in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087348. [PMID: 37108511 PMCID: PMC10138713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple metabolic pathways are utilized to maintain cellular homeostasis. Given the evidence that altered cell metabolism significantly contributes to glioma biology, the current research efforts aim to improve our understanding of metabolic rewiring between glioma's complex genotype and tissue context. In addition, extensive molecular profiling has revealed activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressors that directly or indirectly impact the cellular metabolism that is associated with the pathogenesis of gliomas. The mutation status of isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) is one of the most important prognostic factors in adult-type diffuse gliomas. This review presents an overview of the metabolic alterations in IDH-mutant gliomas and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM). A particular focus is placed on targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to identify new therapeutic strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Whi Park
- Department of Life Sciences, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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10
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Increasing Stress to Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010577. [PMID: 36614019 PMCID: PMC9820188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in pancreatic cancer are among many factors leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To restore cellular homeostasis, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates as an adaptive mechanism through either the IRE1α, PERK, or ATF6 pathways to reduce the translational load and process unfolded proteins, thus enabling tumor cells to proliferate. Under severe and prolonged ER stress, however, the UPR may promote adaptation, senescence, or apoptosis under these same pathways if homeostasis is not restored. In this review, we present evidence that high levels of ER stress and UPR activation are present in pancreatic cancer. We detail the mechanisms by which compounds activate one or many of the three arms of the UPR and effectuate downstream apoptosis and examine available data on the pre-clinical and clinical-phase ER stress inducers with the potential for anti-tumor efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we hypothesize a potential new approach to targeting pancreatic cancer by increasing levels of ER stress and UPR activation to incite apoptotic cell death.
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An Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Investigation Reveals Alterations in the N-Glycoproteomic Network Induced by 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158251. [PMID: 35897829 PMCID: PMC9331968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a well-known glycolysis inhibitor for anticancer treatment, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) inhibits the growth and survival of cancer cells by interfering with the ATP produced by the metabolism of D-glucose. In addition, 2DG inhibits protein glycosylation in vivo by competing with D-mannose, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses in cancer cells. However, the molecular details underlying the impact of 2DG on protein glycosylation remain largely elusive. With an integrated approach to glycoproteomics and proteomics, we characterized the 2DG-induced alterations in N-glycosylation, as well as the cascading impacts on the whole proteome using the HT29 colorectal cancer cell line as a model system. More than 1700 site-specific glycoforms, represented by unique intact glycopeptides (IGPs), were identified. The treatment of 2DG had a broad effect on the N-glycoproteome, especially the high-mannose types. The glycosite occupancy of the high-mannose N-glycans decreased the most compared with the sialic acid and fucose-containing N-glycans. Many of the proteins with down-regulated high-mannose were implicated in functional networks related to response to topologically incorrect protein, integrin-mediated signaling, lysosomal transport, protein hydroxylation, vacuole, and protein N-glycosylation. The treatment of 2DG also functionally disrupted the global cellular proteome, evidenced by significant up-regulation of the proteins implicated in protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and translational termination. Taken together, these findings reveal the complex changes in protein glycosylation and expression underlying the various effects of 2DG on cancer cells, and may provide insightful clues to inform therapeutic development targeting protein glycosylation.
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12
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Scott E, Garnham R, Cheung K, Duxfield A, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Pro-Survival Factor EDEM3 Confers Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158184. [PMID: 35897761 PMCID: PMC9332126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and it is primarily driven by androgen steroid hormones. The glycosylation enzyme EDEM3 is controlled by androgen signalling and is important for prostate cancer viability. EDEM3 is a mannosidase that trims mannose from mis-folded glycoproteins, tagging them for degradation through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Here, we find that EDEM3 is upregulated in prostate cancer, and this is linked to poorer disease-free survival. Depletion of EDEM3 from prostate cancer cells induces an ER stress transcriptomic signature, and EDEM3 overexpression is cyto-protective against ER stressors. EDEM3 expression also positively correlates with genes involved in the unfolded protein response in prostate cancer patients, and its expression can be induced through exposure to radiation. Importantly, the overexpression of EDEM3 promotes radio-resistance in prostate cancer cells and radio-resistance can be reduced through depletion of EDEM3. Our data thus implicate increased levels of EDEM3 with a role in prostate cancer pathology and reveal a new therapeutic opportunity to sensitise prostate tumours to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Bioinformatic Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK;
| | - Adam Duxfield
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - David J. Elliott
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (J.M.)
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Park S, Avera AD, Kim Y. BIOMANUFACTURING OF GLIOBLASTOMA ORGANOIDS EXHIBITING HIERARCHICAL AND SPATIALLY ORGANIZED TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT VIA TRANSDIFFERENTIATION. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3252-3274. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama
| | - Alexandra D. Avera
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama
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Chalcones as Anti-Glioblastoma Stem Cell Agent Alone or as Nanoparticle Formulation Using Carbon Dots as Nanocarrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071465. [PMID: 35890360 PMCID: PMC9316063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prognosis for glioblastoma is dismal. Treatment-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the failure of most drugs to reach therapeutic levels within the tumor remain formidable obstacles to successful treatment. Chalcones are aromatic ketones demonstrated to reduce malignant properties in cancers including glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can increase drug accumulation and tumor cell death. Carbon-dots are promising nanocarriers that can be easily functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands and anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, we synthesized a series of 4′-amino chalcones with the rationale that the amino group would serve as a “handle” to facilitate covalent attachment to carbon-dots and tested their cytotoxicity toward GSCs. We generated 31 chalcones (22 4′-amino and 9 4′ derivatives) including 5 novel chalcones, and found that 13 had an IC50 below 10 µM in all GSC lines. After confirming that the 4-amino group was not part of the active pharmacophore, chalcones were attached to transferrin-conjugated carbon-dots. These conjugates were significantly more cytotoxic than the free chalcones, with the C-dot-transferrin-2,5, dimethoxy chalcone conjugate inducing up to 100-fold more GSC death. Several of the tested chalcones represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-GSC drugs. Furthermore, designing amino chalcones for carbon-dot mediated drug delivery is a rational and effective methodology.
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El Khayari A, Bouchmaa N, Taib B, Wei Z, Zeng A, El Fatimy R. Metabolic Rewiring in Glioblastoma Cancer: EGFR, IDH and Beyond. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901951. [PMID: 35912242 PMCID: PMC9329787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly invasive and incurable tumor, is the humans’ foremost, commonest, and deadliest brain cancer. As in other cancers, distinct combinations of genetic alterations (GA) in GBM induce a diversity of metabolic phenotypes resulting in enhanced malignancy and altered sensitivity to current therapies. Furthermore, GA as a hallmark of cancer, dysregulated cell metabolism in GBM has been recently linked to the acquired GA. Indeed, Numerous point mutations and copy number variations have been shown to drive glioma cells’ metabolic state, affecting tumor growth and patient outcomes. Among the most common, IDH mutations, EGFR amplification, mutation, PTEN loss, and MGMT promoter mutation have emerged as key patterns associated with upregulated glycolysis and OXPHOS glutamine addiction and altered lipid metabolism in GBM. Therefore, current Advances in cancer genetic and metabolic profiling have yielded mechanistic insights into the metabolism rewiring of GBM and provided potential avenues for improved therapeutic modalities. Accordingly, actionable metabolic dependencies are currently used to design new treatments for patients with glioblastoma. Herein, we capture the current knowledge of genetic alterations in GBM, provide a detailed understanding of the alterations in metabolic pathways, and discuss their relevance in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif El Khayari
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Taib
- Institute of Sport Professions (IMS), Ibn Tofail University, Avenida de l’Université, Kenitra, Morocco
- Research Unit on Metabolism, Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailiang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Rachid El Fatimy,
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Vallejo FA, Sanchez A, Cuglievan B, Walters WM, De Angulo G, Vanni S, Graham RM. NAMPT Inhibition Induces Neuroblastoma Cell Death and Blocks Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883318. [PMID: 35814452 PMCID: PMC9261286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) portends very poor prognoses in children. Targeting tumor metabolism has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. High levels of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+) are required for rapid cell proliferation. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ salvage and is overexpressed in several cancers. Here, we determine the potential of NAMPT as a therapeutic target for NB treatment. NAMPT inhibition cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion and LDH assays. Neuroblastoma stem cell self-renewal was evaluated by neurosphere assay. Protein expression was evaluated via Western blot. The effect of targeting NAMPT in vivo was determined using an NB1691-xenografted mouse model. Robust NAMPT expression was demonstrated in multiple N-MYC amplified, high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines. NAMPT inhibition with STF-118804 (STF) decreased ATP, induced apoptosis, and reduced NB stem cell neurosphere formation. STF treatment down-regulated N-MYC levels and abrogated AKT activation. AKT and glycolytic pathway inhibitors in combination with NAMPT inhibition induced robust, greater-than-additive neuroblastoma cell death. Lastly, STF treatment blocked neuroblastoma tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. NAMPT is a valid therapeutic target as inhibition promoted neuroblastoma cell death in vitro and prevented tumor growth in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to establish this therapy’s role as an adjunctive modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic A. Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics Patient Care, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Winston M. Walters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Guillermo De Angulo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Immunology, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, HCA Florida University Hospital, Davie, FL, United States
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Regina M. Graham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Regina M. Graham,
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Iglesia RP, Prado MB, Alves RN, Escobar MIM, Fernandes CFDL, Fortes ACDS, Souza MCDS, Boccacino JM, Cangiano G, Soares SR, de Araújo JPA, Tiek DM, Goenka A, Song X, Keady JR, Hu B, Cheng SY, Lopes MH. Unconventional Protein Secretion in Brain Tumors Biology: Enlightening the Mechanisms for Tumor Survival and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907423. [PMID: 35784465 PMCID: PMC9242006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical secretion pathways, collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS), are alternative secretory mechanisms usually associated with stress-inducing conditions. UPS allows proteins that lack a signal peptide to be secreted, avoiding the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex secretory pathway. Molecules that generally rely on the canonical pathway to be secreted may also use the Golgi bypass, one of the unconventional routes, to reach the extracellular space. UPS studies have been increasingly growing in the literature, including its implication in the biology of several diseases. Intercellular communication between brain tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment is orchestrated by various molecules, including canonical and non-canonical secreted proteins that modulate tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Adult brain tumors such as gliomas, which are aggressive and fatal cancers with a dismal prognosis, could exploit UPS mechanisms to communicate with their microenvironment. Herein, we provide functional insights into the UPS machinery in the context of tumor biology, with a particular focus on the secreted proteins by alternative routes as key regulators in the maintenance of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ailine Cibele dos Santos Fortes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribeiro Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Alves de Araújo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao Song
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jack Ryan Keady
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bo Hu
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shi Yuan Cheng
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marilene Hohmuth Lopes,
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Carlos-Reyes A, Muñiz-Lino MA, Romero-Garcia S, López-Camarillo C, Hernández-de la Cruz ON. Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718636. [PMID: 34900673 PMCID: PMC8652287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos A. Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico City
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Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Glycolysis and Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors in a Glioblastoma Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121749. [PMID: 34944565 PMCID: PMC8698815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in research on 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and its analogs. Clinical trials of 2-DG have demonstrated the challenges of using 2-DG as a monotherapy, due to its poor drug-like characteristics, leading researchers to focus on improving its bioavailability to tissue and organs. Novel 2-DG analogs such as WP1122 and others have revived the old concept of glycolysis inhibition as an effective anticancer strategy. Combined with other potent cytotoxic agents, inhibitors of glycolysis could synergistically eliminate cancer cells. We focused our efforts on the development of new combinations of anticancer agents coupled with 2-DG and its derivatives, targeting glioblastoma, which is in desperate need of novel approaches and therapeutic options and is particularly suited to glycolysis inhibition, due to its reliance on aerobic glycolysis. Herein, we present evidence that a combined treatment of 2-DG analogs and modulation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) activity via HDAC inhibitors (sodium butyrate and sodium valproate) exerts synergistic cytotoxic effects in glioblastoma U-87 and U-251 cells and represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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20
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Brocca L, Zuccaro M, Frugis G, Mainieri D, Marrano C, Ragni L, Klein EM, Vitale A, Pedrazzini E. Two γ-zeins induce the unfolded protein response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1428-1444. [PMID: 34618077 PMCID: PMC8566291 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid, massive synthesis of storage proteins that occurs during seed development stresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, which activates the ER unfolded protein response (UPR). However, how different storage proteins contribute to UPR is not clear. We analyzed vegetative tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants constitutively expressing the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) soluble vacuolar storage protein PHASEOLIN (PHSL) or maize (Zea mays) prolamins (27-kDa γ-zein or 16-kDa γ-zein) that participate in forming insoluble protein bodies in the ER. We show that 16-kDa γ-zein significantly activates the INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME1/BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER 60 (bZIP60) UPR branch-but not the bZIP28 branch or autophagy-leading to induction of major UPR-controlled genes that encode folding helpers that function inside the ER. Protein blot analysis of IMMUNOGLOBULIN-BINDING PROTEIN (BIP) 1 and 2, BIP3, GLUCOSE REGULATED PROTEIN 94 (GRP94), and ER-localized DNAJ family 3A (ERDJ3A) polypeptides confirmed their higher accumulation in the plant expressing 16-kDa γ-zein. Expression of 27-kDa γ-zein significantly induced only BIP3 and ERDJ3A transcription even though an increase in GRP94 and BIP1/2 polypeptides also occurred in this plant. These results indicate a significant but weaker effect of 27-kDa γ-zein compared to 16-kDa γ-zein, which corresponds with the higher availability of 16-kDa γ-zein for BIP binding, and indicates subtle protein-specific modulations of plant UPR. None of the analyzed genes was significantly induced by PHSL or by a mutated, soluble form of 27-kDa γ-zein that traffics along the secretory pathway. Such variability in UPR induction may have influenced the evolution of storage proteins with different tissue and subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Brocca
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Melania Zuccaro
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma 00016, Italy
| | - Davide Mainieri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Claudia Marrano
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Ragni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Eva Maria Klein
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pedrazzini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20133, Italy
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Luo L, Qin B, Jiang M, Xie L, Luo Z, Guo X, Zhang J, Li X, Zhu C, Du Y, Peng L, You J. Regulating immune memory and reversing tumor thermotolerance through a step-by-step starving-photothermal therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:297. [PMID: 34593005 PMCID: PMC8482573 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a highly effective treatment for solid tumors and can induce long-term immune memory worked like an in situ vaccine. Nevertheless, PTT inevitably encounters photothermal resistance of tumor cells, which hinders therapeutic effect or even leads to tumor recurrence. Naïve CD8+ T cells are mainly metabolized by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), followed by aerobic glycolysis after activation. And the differentiate of effector CD8+ T cell (CD8+ Teff) into central memory CD8+ T cell (CD8+ TCM) depends on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to meet their metabolic requirements, which is regulated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is severely immunosuppressive, conferring additional protection against the host immune response mediated by PTT. Methods Metformin (Met) down-regulates NADH/NADPH, promotes the FAO of CD8+ T cells by activating AMPK, increases the number of CD8+ TCM, which boosts the long-term immune memory of tumor-bearing mice treated with PTT. Here, a kind of PLGA microspheres co-encapsulated hollow gold nanoshells and Met (HAuNS-Met@MS) was constructed to inhibit the tumor progress. 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG), a glycolysis inhibitor for cancer starving therapy, can cause energy loss of tumor cells, reduce the heat stress response of tumor cell, and reverse its photothermal resistance. Moreover, 2DG prevents N-glycosylation of proteins that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), further synergistically enhance PTT-induced tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), and improve the effect of immunotherapy. So 2DG was also introduced and optimized here to solve the metabolic competition among tumor cells and immune cells in the TME. Results We utilized mild PTT effect of HAuNS to propose an in situ vaccine strategy based on the tumor itself. By targeting the metabolism of TME with different administration strategy of 2DG and perdurable action of Met, the thermotolerance of tumor cells was reversed, more CD8+ TCMs were produced and more effective anti-tumor was presented in this study. Conclusion The Step-by-Step starving-photothermal therapy could not only reverse the tumor thermotolerance, but also enhance the ICD and produce more CD8+ TCM during the treatment. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01011-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Respiratory Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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23
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Garcia JH, Jain S, Aghi MK. Metabolic Drivers of Invasion in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683276. [PMID: 34277624 PMCID: PMC8281286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor with a median survival under 2 years. The poor prognosis glioblastoma caries is largely due to cellular invasion, which enables escape from resection, and drives inevitable recurrence. While most studies to date have focused on pathways that enhance the invasiveness of tumor cells in the brain microenvironment as the primary driving forces behind GBM’s ability to invade adjacent tissues, more recent studies have identified a role for adaptations in cellular metabolism in GBM invasion. Metabolic reprogramming allows invasive cells to generate the energy necessary for colonizing surrounding brain tissue and adapt to new microenvironments with unique nutrient and oxygen availability. Historically, enhanced glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen (the Warburg effect) has dominated glioblastoma research with respect to tumor metabolism. More recent global profiling experiments, however, have identified roles for lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism in tumor growth and invasion. A thorough understanding of the metabolic traits that define invasive GBM cells may provide novel therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. In this review, we focus on metabolic alterations that have been characterized in glioblastoma, the dynamic nature of tumor metabolism and how it is shaped by interaction with the brain microenvironment, and how metabolic reprogramming generates vulnerabilities that may be ripe for exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Garcia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Oliveira-Nunes MC, Julião G, Menezes A, Mariath F, Hanover JA, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, Dias WB, de Abreu Pereira D, Carneiro K. O-GlcNAcylation protein disruption by Thiamet G promotes changes on the GBM U87-MG cells secretome molecular signature. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33902430 PMCID: PMC8074421 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV glioma highly aggressive and refractory to the therapeutic approaches currently in use. O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role for tumor aggressiveness and progression in different types of cancer; however, experimental evidence of its involvement in GBM are still lacking. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in maintaining the composition of the GBM secretome, whereas inhibition of OGA activity disrupts the intercellular signaling via microvesicles. Using a label-free quantitative proteomics methodology, we identified 51 proteins in the GBM secretome whose abundance was significantly altered by activity inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (iOGA). Among these proteins, we observed that proteins related to proteasome activity and to regulation of immune response in the tumor microenvironment were consistently downregulated in GBM cells upon iOGA. While the proteins IGFBP3, IL-6 and HSPA5 were downregulated in GBM iOGA cells, the protein SQSTM1/p62 was exclusively found in GBM cells under iOGA. These findings were in line with literature evidence on the role of p62/IL-6 signaling axis in suppressing tumor aggressiveness and our experimental evidence showing a decrease in radioresistance potential of these cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that OGA activity may regulate the p62 and IL-6 abundance in the GBM secretome. We propose that the assessment of tumor status from the main proteins present in its secretome may contribute to the advancement of diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic tools to approach this relevant malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Oliveira-Nunes
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Glaucia Julião
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Menezes
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mariath
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology, Membrane Receptors and Cancer Group, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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25
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Modulating the unfolded protein response with ONC201 to impact on radiation response in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4252. [PMID: 33608585 PMCID: PMC7896060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and a notable cause of cancer mortality when it metastasises. The unfolded protein response (UPR) can be cytoprotective but when acutely activated can lead to cell death. In this study, we sought to enhance the acute activation of the UPR using radiation and ONC201, an UPR activator. Treating PCa cells with ONC201 quickly increased the expression of all the key regulators of the UPR and reduced the oxidative phosphorylation, with cell death occurring 72 h later. We exploited this time lag to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation through short-term treatment with ONC201. To understand how priming occurred, we performed RNA-Seq analysis and found that ONC201 suppressed the expression of cell cycle and DNA repair factors. In conclusion, we have shown that ONC201 can prime enhanced radiation response.
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26
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Liu K, Tsung K, Attenello FJ. Characterizing Cell Stress and GRP78 in Glioma to Enhance Tumor Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:608911. [PMID: 33363039 PMCID: PMC7759649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, carrying a very poor prognosis, with median overall survival at about 12 to 15 months despite surgical resection, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and radiation therapy. GBM recurs in the vast majority of patients, with recurrent tumors commonly displaying increase in resistance to standard of care chemotherapy, TMZ, as well as radiotherapy. One of the most commonly cited mechanisms of chemotherapeutic and radio-resistance occurs via the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a well-studied mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), that has also demonstrated potential as a biomarker in GBM. Overexpression of GRP78 has been directly correlated with malignant tumor characteristics, including higher tumor grade, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, poorer responses to TMZ and radiation therapy, and poorer patient outcomes. GRP78 expression is also higher in GBM tumor cells upon recurrence. Meanwhile, knockdown or suppression of GRP78 has been shown to sensitize cells to TMZ and radiation therapy. In light of these findings, various novel developing therapies are targeting GRP78 as monotherapies, combination therapies that enhance the effects of TMZ and radiation therapy, and as treatment delivery modalities. In this review, we delineate the mechanisms by which GRP78 has been noted to specifically modulate glioblastoma behavior and discuss current developing therapies involving GRP78 in GBM. While further research is necessary to translate these developing therapies into clinical settings, GRP78-based therapies hold promise in improving current standard-of-care GBM therapy and may ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Liu
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Tsung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank J Attenello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Wang C, Li TK, Zeng CH, Yang J, Wang Y, Lu J, Zhu GY, Guo JH. Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Iodine-125 Seed Radiation on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Radiat Res 2020; 194:236-245. [PMID: 32942301 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00057.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to play a radioresistance role in high-dose-rate irradiation. However, its mechanisms and roles in continuous low-dose-rate (CLDR) irradiation have not been clearly understood. Iodine-125 (I-125) seed brachytherapy is a modality of CLDR irradiation and has been used in the treatment of various cancers. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms and roles of autophagy induced by I-125 seed radiation in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines (Eca-109 and EC-109) and a xenograft mouse model. The results of this work showed that I-125 seed radiation induced a dose-dependent increase in autophagy in both cell lines. In Eca-109 cells, I-125 seed radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, manifesting as the increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and Grp78/BiP, and activated PERK-eIF2α, IRE1, and ATF6 pathways of the unfolded protein response. Knockdown of PERK led to the decreased expression of autophagy marker, LC3B-II. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or knockdown of ATG5 enhanced I-125 seed radiation-induced cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Interestingly, chloroquine did not aggravate ER stress but promoted apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The animal experiment showed that inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine improved the efficacy of I-125 seed radiation. In summary, our data demonstrate that I-125 seed CLDR radiation induces ER stress-mediated autophagy in ESCC. Autophagy plays a pro-survival role in I-125 seed CLDR irradiation, and chloroquine is a potential candidate for use in combination therapy with I-125 seed radiation treatment to improve efficacy against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian-Kuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chu-Hui Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhu
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-He Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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28
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New Avenues in Radiotherapy of Glioblastoma: from Bench to Bedside. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Choi C, Cho Y, Son A, Shin SW, Lee YJ, Park HC. Therapeutic Potential of (-)-Agelamide D, a Diterpene Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas sp., as a Natural Radiosensitizer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100500. [PMID: 33003597 PMCID: PMC7600430 DOI: 10.3390/md18100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective local treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are currently no predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decision for RT or adjuvant systemic drugs to be combined with RT for HCC patients. Previously, we reported that extracts of the marine sponge Agelas sp. may contain a natural radiosensitizer for HCC treatment. In this study, we isolated (−)-agelamide D from Agelas extract and investigated the mechanism underlying its radiosensitization. (−)-Agelamide D enhanced radiation sensitivity of Hep3B cells with decreased clonogenic survival and increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, (−)-agelamide D increased the expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/activating transcription factor 4 (PERK/eIF2α/ATF4), a key pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in multiple HCC cell lines, and augmented radiation-induced UPR signaling. In vivo xenograft experiments confirmed that (−)-agelamide D enhanced tumor growth inhibition by radiation without systemic toxicity. Immunohistochemistry results showed that (−)-agelamide D further increased radiation-induced ATF4 expression and apoptotic cell death, which was consistent with our in vitro finding. Collectively, our results provide preclinical evidence that the use of UPR inducers such as (−)-agelamide D may enhance the efficacy of RT in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
| | - Yeonwoo Cho
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea;
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Arang Son
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea;
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (H.C.P.)
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (H.C.P.)
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30
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Shen H, Cook K, Gee HE, Hau E. Hypoxia, metabolism, and the circadian clock: new links to overcome radiation resistance in high-grade gliomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:129. [PMID: 32631383 PMCID: PMC7339573 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). It eradicates tumor cells by inducing oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. Unfortunately, almost all HGGs recur locally within several months secondary to radioresistance with intricate molecular mechanisms. Therefore, unravelling specific underlying mechanisms of radioresistance is critical to elucidating novel strategies to improve the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, and enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. This review addresses our current understanding of how hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway have a profound impact on the response of HGGs to radiotherapy. In addition, intriguing links between hypoxic signaling, circadian rhythms and cell metabolism have been recently discovered, which may provide insights into our fundamental understanding of radioresistance. Cellular pathways involved in the hypoxic response, DNA repair and metabolism can fluctuate over 24-h periods due to circadian regulation. These oscillatory patterns may have consequences for tumor radioresistance. Timing radiotherapy for specific times of the day (chronoradiotherapy) could be beneficial in patients with HGGs and will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shen
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Kristina Cook
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health & Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harriet E Gee
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Hau
- Translational Radiation Biology and Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Blacktown Hematology and Cancer Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Dai LB, Yu Q, Zhou SH, Bao YY, Zhong JT, Shen LF, Lu ZJ, Fan J, Huang YP. Effect of combination of curcumin and GLUT-1 AS-ODN on radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma through regulating autophagy. Head Neck 2020; 42:2287-2297. [PMID: 32314842 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the role of curcumin and GLUT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) on autophagy modulation-initiated radiosensitivity. METHODS BALB/c mice were employed to establish xenograft model using Tu212 cell. The expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by WB. Autophagosome was observed under transmission electron microscope. Apoptosis of tumor tissue were detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Combinations of curcumin and GLUT-1 AS-ODN with 10 Gy inhibited the tumor growth by inducing apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells followed with the enhancement of autophagy. 3-MA also had a promotion effect on irradiation-mediated growth inhibition possibly by depressing PI3K and on curcumin/GLUT-1 AS-ODN-mediated growth inhibition potentially by regulating autophagic events. Of note, a de-escalation of radiotherapy dose (5 Gy) along with curcumin, GLUT-1 AS-ODN or 3-MA produced a stronger effect than high dosage of radiotherapy (10 Gy) alone. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin and GLUT-1 AS-ODN improve the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma through regulating autophagy and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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32
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Targeting of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in gliomas. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104823. [PMID: 32305494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas remain a group of malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis and limited treatment options with molecular mechanisms being constantly investigated. The past decade, extracellular stress and intracellular DNA damage have been shown to disturb proteostasis leading to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress that is implicated in the regulation of gene expression and the pathogenesis of several tumor types, including gliomas. Upon ER stress induction, neoplastic cells activate the adaptive mechanism of unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated signaling system that either restores ER homeostasis or induces cell apoptosis. Recently, the manipulation of the UPR has emerged as a new therapeutic target in glioma treatment. General UPR activators or selective GRP78, ATF6 and PERK inducers have been detected to modulate cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. At the same time, target-specific UPR inhibitors and small molecule proteostasis disruptors, work in reverse to increase misfolded proteins and cause a dysregulation in protein maturation and sorting, thus preventing the growth of neoplastic cells. Herein, we discuss the pathogenic implication of ER stress in gliomas onset and progression, providing an update on the current UPR modifying agents that can be potentially used in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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33
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Hao CC, Luo JN, Xu CY, Zhao XY, Zhong ZB, Hu XN, Jin XM, Ge X. TRIAP1 knockdown sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to ionizing radiation by disrupting redox homeostasis. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1015-1025. [PMID: 32096592 PMCID: PMC7113066 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance of some non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types increases the risk of recurrence or metastasis in afflicted patients, following radiotherapy. As such, further improvements to NSCLC radiotherapy are needed. The expression of oncogene TP53‐regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) in NSCLC is increased following irradiation. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) has suggested that TRIAP1 might be involved in maintaining redox homeostasis. This in turn might enhance cell radioresistance. Methods In this study we irradiated human NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H460), while knocking down TRIAP1, to determine whether a disrupted redox homeostasis could attenuate radioresistance. Results Irradiation notably increased both mRNA and protein levels of TRIAP1. In addition, TRIAP1 knockdown decreased the expression of several antioxidant proteins, including thioredoxin‐related transmembrane protein (TMX) 1, TMX2, thioredoxin (TXN), glutaredoxin (GLRX) 2, GLRX3, peroxiredoxin (PRDX) 3, PRDX4, and PRDX6 in A549 and H460 cells. In addition, silencing TRIAP1 impaired the radiation‐induced increase of the aforementioned proteins. Continuing along this line, we observed a radiation‐induced reduction of cell viability and invasion, as well as increased apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species following TRIAP1 knockdown. Conclusions In summary, we identified TRIAP1 as a key contributor to the radioresistance of NSCLC by maintaining redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Hao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Jia-Ning Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Cui-Yang Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Zhong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin City, China
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The contribution of ketone bodies to glycolytic inhibition for the treatment of adult and pediatric glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:317-326. [PMID: 32096068 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal primary brain tumors in children and adults. Targeting tumor metabolism has emerged as a promising-targeted therapeutic strategy for GBM and characteristically resistant GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). METHODS Gene expression data was obtained from the online patient-histology database, GlioVis. GSC mitochondria morphology was examined by TEM. Cell viability and effect on GSC self-renewal was determined via MTS assay and neurosphere assay, respectively. Proteins were evaluated by Western Blot. RESULTS Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM. GSC mitochondrial ultrastructure suggested defects in oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment of both GBM and GSC cell lines resulted in dose-dependent decreases in viability in response to glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and ketone body Acetoacetate (AA), but not β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). AA induced apoptosis was confirmed by western blot analysis, indicating robust caspase activation and PARP cleavage. AA reduced neurosphere formation at concentrations as low as 1 mM. Combined treatment of low dose 2-DG (50 μM) with AA resulted in more cell death than either treatment alone. The effect was greater than additive at low concentrations of AA, reducing viability approximately 50% at 1 mM AA. AA was found to directly upregulate mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may explain this potential drug synergism via multi-faceted inhibition of the glycolytic pathway. CONCLUSION Targeting the metabolic pathway of GBM via glycolytic inhibition in conjunction with ketogenic diet or exogenous ketone body supplementation warrants further investigation as a promising adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy.
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Iglesia RP, Fernandes CFDL, Coelho BP, Prado MB, Melo Escobar MI, Almeida GHDR, Lopes MH. Heat Shock Proteins in Glioblastoma Biology: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5794. [PMID: 31752169 PMCID: PMC6888131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones and perform broad and crucial roles in proteostasis, an important process to preserve the integrity of proteins in different cell types, in health and disease. Their function in cancer is an important aspect to be considered for a better understanding of disease development and progression. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain cancer, with no effective therapies. In recent years, HSPs have been considered as possible targets for GBM therapy due their importance in different mechanisms that govern GBM malignance. In this review, we address current evidence on the role of several HSPs in the biology of GBMs, and how these molecules have been considered in different treatments in the context of this disease, including their activities in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a small subpopulation able to drive GBM growth. Additionally, we highlight recent works that approach other classes of chaperones, such as histone and mitochondrial chaperones, as important molecules for GBM aggressiveness. Herein, we provide new insights into how HSPs and their partners play pivotal roles in GBM biology and may open new therapeutic avenues for GBM based on proteostasis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.P.I.); (C.F.d.L.F.); (B.P.C.); (M.B.P.); (M.I.M.E.); (G.H.D.R.A.)
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Tabatabai G, Wakimoto H. Glioblastoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081091. [PMID: 31370300 PMCID: PMC6721299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 01/01/1970] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Xing J, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Wang Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Melatonin ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in N2a neuroblastoma cell hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by activating the AMPK-Pak2 pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:621-633. [PMID: 30976981 PMCID: PMC6527732 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified as a primary factor involved in brain ischemia-reperfusion injury progression. p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) is a novel ER function regulator. The aim of our study is to explore the influence of Pak2 on ER stress and determine whether melatonin attenuates ER stress-mediated cell death by modulating Pak2 expression in vitro using N2a cells. The results of our study demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury repressed the levels of Pak2, an effect that was accompanied by activation of ER stress. In addition, decreased Pak2 was associated with oxidative stress, calcium overload, and caspase-12-mediated apoptosis activation in HR-treated N2a cells. Interestingly, melatonin treatment reversed the decreased Pak2 expression under HR stress. Knockdown of Pak2 abolished the protective effects of melatonin on ER stress, oxidative stress, and caspase-12-related N2a cells death. Additionally, we found that Pak2 was regulated by melatonin via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK prevented melatonin-mediated Pak2 upregulation, a result that was accompanied by an increase in N2a cell death. Altogether, these results identify the AMPK-Pak2 axis as a new signaling pathway responsible for ER stress and N2a cell viability under HR injury. Modulation of the AMPK-Pak2 cascade via supplementation of melatonin might be considered an effective approach to attenuate reperfusion-mediated N2a cell damage via repression of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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Zhu W, Niu X, Wang M, Li Z, Jiang HK, Li C, Caton SJ, Bai Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders of the white adipose tissues induced by high-fat diet containing industrial trans-fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1625-1638. [PMID: 31507325 PMCID: PMC6718956 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s218336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (iTFAs) can result in alteration to lipid profile and glucose metabolism. Moreover, a diet high in iTFAs could increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucose and lipid metabolism are closely linked in white adipose tissue (WAT), yet the underlying mechanisms of the effect of iTFAs in WAT are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parameters of glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of WAT were measured in rats maintained on a high-fat diet containing margarine (HFD-M) (n=10) compared to controls maintained on standard chow (n=10) over 16 weeks. RESULTS Fat mass and body weight was significantly increased in rats maintained on the HFD-M compared to controls (P<0.01). HFD-M rats had increased levels of insulin (INS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and serum lipid profile was significantly altered. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were significantly increased in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipose depots of HFD-M-fed rats. In vitro, wider ER lumens were observed in 100μmol/L elaidic acid (EA)-treated human mature adipocytes. We observed activation of ER stress markers, impaired INS receptor signaling and increased lipogenesis in adipocytes after EA exposure. These effects could be alleviated by inhibiting ER stress in adipocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION Collectively these data suggest that ER stress may be involved in INS resistance and lipid metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet containing iTFAs. These findings suggest that WAT could be regarded as a key target organ for inhibiting ER stress to reverse the impaired INS receptor signaling, alleviate lipid metabolism disorders, and provide a novel approach to prevent and treat INS resistance and dyslipidemia-related chronic diseases such as T2MD and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Niu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Kun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Information Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Samantha J Caton
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), Public Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yinglong Bai Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang110122, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaTel+86 243 193 9406Fax +86 243 193 9406Email
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