1
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Johnston SN, Tsingas M, Ain R, Barve RA, Risbud MV. Increased HIF-2α activity in the nucleus pulposus causes intervertebral disc degeneration in the aging mouse spine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1360376. [PMID: 38510179 PMCID: PMC10950937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1360376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential to the homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, consequences of elevated HIF-2 activity on disc health remains unknown. We expressed HIF-2α with proline to alanine substitutions (P405A; P531A) in the Oxygen-dependent degradation domain (HIF-2αdPA) in the NP tissue using an inducible, nucleus pulposus-specific K19CreERT allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Expression of HIF-2α in NP impacted disc morphology, as evident from small but significantly higher scores of degeneration in NP of 24-month-old K19CreERT; HIF-2αdPA (K19-dPA) mice. Noteworthy, comparisons of grades within each genotype between 14 months and 24 months indicated that HIF-2α overexpression contributed to more pronounced changes than aging alone. The annulus fibrosus (AF) compartment in the 14-month-old K19-dPA mice exhibited lower collagen turnover and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging analyses showed changes in the biochemical composition of the 14- and 24-month-old K19-dPA mice. Moreover, there were changes in aggrecan, chondroitin sulfate, and COMP abundance without alterations in NP phenotypic marker CA3, suggesting the overexpression of HIF-2α had some impact on matrix composition but not the cell phenotype. Mechanistically, the global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes in themes closely related to NP cell function such as cilia, SLIT/ROBO pathway, and HIF/Hypoxia signaling at both 14- and 24-month. Together, these findings underscore the role of HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration in the aged spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira N. Johnston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maria Tsingas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rahatul Ain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruteja A. Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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2
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Yuan X, Ruan W, Bobrow B, Carmeliet P, Eltzschig HK. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:175-200. [PMID: 38123660 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and inhibition have emerged as therapeutic targets in various human diseases. Pharmacologically desirable effects of HIF activation include erythropoiesis stimulation, cellular metabolism optimization during hypoxia and adaptive responses during ischaemia and inflammation. By contrast, HIF inhibition has been explored as a therapy for various cancers, retinal neovascularization and pulmonary hypertension. This Review discusses the biochemical mechanisms that control HIF stabilization and the molecular strategies that can be exploited pharmacologically to activate or inhibit HIFs. In addition, we examine medical conditions that benefit from targeting HIFs, the potential side effects of HIF activation or inhibition and future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bentley Bobrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Karna B, Pellegata NS, Mohr H. Animal and Cell Culture Models of PPGLs - Achievements and Limitations. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:51-64. [PMID: 38171372 DOI: 10.1055/a-2204-4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Research on rare tumors heavily relies on suitable models for basic and translational research. Paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors (NET), developing from adrenal (pheochromocytoma, PCC) or extra-adrenal (PGL) chromaffin cells, with an annual incidence of 2-8 cases per million. While most PPGL cases exhibit slow growth and are primarily treated with surgery, limited systemic treatment options are available for unresectable or metastatic tumors. Scarcity of appropriate models has hindered PPGL research, preventing the translation of omics knowledge into drug and therapy development. Human PPGL cell lines are not available, and few animal models accurately replicate the disease's genetic and phenotypic characteristics. This review provides an overview of laboratory models for PPGLs, spanning cellular, tissue, organ, and organism levels. We discuss their features, advantages, and potential contributions to diagnostics and therapeutics. Interestingly, it appears that in the PPGL field, disease models already successfully implemented in other cancers have not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Karna
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Simona Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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4
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Johnston SN, Tsingas M, Ain R, Barve RA, Risbud MV. Increased HIF-2α Activity in the Nucleus Pulposus Causes Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in the Aging Mouse Spine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573086. [PMID: 38187709 PMCID: PMC10769411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential to the homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, consequences of elevated HIF-2 activity on disc health remains unknown. We expressed HIF-2α with proline to alanine substitutions (P405A;P531A) in the Oxygen-dependent degradation domain (HIF-2αdPA) in the NP tissue using an inducible, nucleus pulposus-specific K19 CreERT allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Expression of HIF-2α in NP impacted disc morphology, as evident from small but significantly higher scores of degeneration in NP of 24-month-old K19 CreERT ; HIF-2α dPA (K19-dPA) mice. Noteworthy, comparisons of grades within each genotype between 14 months and 24 months indicated that HIF-2α overexpression contributed to more pronounced changes than aging alone. The annulus fibrosus (AF) compartment in the 14-month-old K19-dPA mice exhibited lower collagen turnover and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging analyses showed changes in the biochemical composition of the 14-and 24-month-old K19-dPA mice. Moreover, there were changes in aggrecan, chondroitin sulfate, and COMP abundance without alterations in NP phenotypic marker CA3, suggesting the overexpression of HIF-2α had some impact on matrix composition but not the cell phenotype. Mechanistically, the global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes in themes closely related to NP cell function such as cilia, SLIT/ROBO pathway, and HIF/Hypoxia signaling at both 14- and 24-months. Together, these findings underscore the role of HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration in the aged spine.
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5
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Rosenblum JS, Wang H, Nazari MA, Zhuang Z, Pacak K. Pacak-Zhuang syndrome: a model providing new insights into tumor syndromes. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e230050. [PMID: 37450881 PMCID: PMC10512798 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This article is a summary of the plenary lecture presented by Jared Rosenblum that was awarded the Manger Prize at the Sixth International Symposium on Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma held on 19-22 October 2022 in Prague, Czech Republic. Herein, we review our initial identification of a new syndrome of multiple paragangliomas, somatostatinomas, and polycythemia caused by early postzygotic mosaic mutations in EPAS1, encoding hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2α), and our continued exploration of new disease phenotypes in this syndrome, including vascular malformations and neural tube defects. Continued recruitment and close monitoring of patients with this syndrome as well as the generation and study of a corresponding disease mouse model as afforded by the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma translational program at the National Institutes of Health has provided new insights into the natural history of these developmental anomalies and the pathophysiologic role of HIF-2α. Further, these studies have highlighted the importance of the timing of genetic defects in the development of related disease phenotypes. The recent discovery and continued study of this syndrome has not only rapidly evolved our understanding of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma but also deepened our understanding of other developmental tumor syndromes, heritable syndromes, and sporadic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Matthew A Nazari
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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6
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Nagao S, Yamaguchi T. Review of the Use of Animal Models of Human Polycystic Kidney Disease for the Evaluation of Experimental Therapeutic Modalities. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020668. [PMID: 36675597 PMCID: PMC9867516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and nephronophthisis are hereditary disorders with the occurrence of numerous cysts in both kidneys, often causing chronic and end-stage renal failure. Animal models have played an important role in recent advances in research not only on disease onset and progressive mechanisms but also on the development of therapeutic interventions. For a long time, spontaneous animal models have been used as the primary focus for human diseases; however, after the identification of the nucleotide sequence of the responsible genes, PKD1, PKD2, PKHD1, and NPHPs, various types of genetically modified models were developed by genetic and reproductive engineering techniques and played the leading role in the research field. In this review, we present murine models of hereditary renal cystic diseases, discussing their potential benefits in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Nagao
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2434
| | - Tamio Yamaguchi
- Advanced Research Center for Animal Models of Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan
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7
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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8
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Ohh M, Taber CC, Ferens FG, Tarade D. Hypoxia-inducible factor underlies von Hippel-Lindau disease stigmata. eLife 2022; 11:80774. [PMID: 36040300 PMCID: PMC9427099 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome that causes a predisposition to renal clear-cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and autosomal-recessive familial polycythemia. pVHL is the substrate conferring subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that binds to the three hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunits (HIF1-3α) for polyubiquitylation under conditions of normoxia, targeting them for immediate degradation by the proteasome. Certain mutations in pVHL have been determined to be causative of VHL disease through the disruption of HIFα degradation. However, it remains a focus of investigation and debate whether the disruption of HIFα degradation alone is sufficient to explain the complex genotype-phenotype relationship of VHL disease or whether the other lesser or yet characterized substrates and functions of pVHL impact the development of the VHL disease stigmata; the elucidation of which would have a significant ramification to the direction of research efforts and future management and care of VHL patients and for those manifesting sporadic counterparts of VHL disease. Here, we examine the current literature including the other emergent pseudohypoxic diseases and propose that the VHL disease-phenotypic spectrum could be explained solely by the varied disruption of HIFα signaling upon the loss or mutation in pVHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra C Taber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fraser G Ferens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Tarade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Rosenblum JS, Cappadona AJ, Lookian PP, Chandrashekhar V, Bryant JP, Chandrashekhar V, Zhao DY, Knutsen RH, Donahue DR, McGavern DB, Kozel BA, Heiss JD, Pacak K, Zhuang Z. Non-invasive in situ Visualization of the Murine Cranial Vasculature. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100151. [PMID: 35373177 PMCID: PMC8967186 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding physiologic and pathologic central nervous system function depends on our ability to map the entire in situ cranial vasculature and neurovascular interfaces. To accomplish this, we developed a non-invasive workflow to visualize murine cranial vasculature via polymer casting of vessels, iterative sample processing and micro-computed tomography, and automatic deformable image registration, feature extraction, and visualization. This methodology is applicable to any tissue and allows rapid exploration of normal and altered pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J. Cappadona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pashayar P. Lookian
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jean-Paul Bryant
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Y. Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle R. Donahue
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John D. Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Ma X, Ling C, Zhao M, Wang F, Cui Y, Wen J, Ji Z, Zhang C, Chen S, Tong A, Li Y. Mutational Profile and Potential Molecular Therapeutic Targets of Pheochromocytoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:921645. [PMID: 35966080 PMCID: PMC9368203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL; collectively known as PPGL) can be driven by germline and somatic mutations in susceptibility genes. We aimed to investigate the mutation profile and clinical features of pathogenic genes in highly genetically heterogeneous PPGL and to preliminary explore molecular therapeutic targets in PPGL. METHODS We established a panel of 260 genes, including susceptibility genes of PPGL and other important tumorigenic genes to sequence 107 PPGL tissues. RESULTS Overall, 608 genomic mutations were identified in 107 PPGL tissues. Almost 57% of PPGL tissue samples exhibited pathogenic mutations, and the most frequently mutated gene was SDHB (15/107, 14%). SDHB and HRAS were the most commonly mutated genes in germline-mutated PPGL (25/107, 23%) and nongermline-mutated PPGL (36/107, 34%), respectively. In addition, novel pathogenic mutations were detected in sporadic PPGL. PPGL with mutations in the hypoxia pathway had an earlier onset and higher norepinephrine level than those in the kinase pathway. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK; 22%, 24/107), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; 14%, 15/107), and tyrosine kinase (TK; 2%, 2/107) pathways were the most frequently mutated pathways in PPGL. CONCLUSION Our results provided the genetic mutation profile in PPGL tissues. Genetic mutations in PPGL were mainly concentrated in the RTK, TK, and MAPK pathways, suggesting potential molecular therapeutic targets for PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ling
- The Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- Department of Technical Support, Novogene Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anli Tong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Anli Tong,
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Watts D, Jaykar MT, Bechmann N, Wielockx B. Hypoxia signaling pathway: A central mediator in endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1103075. [PMID: 36699028 PMCID: PMC9868855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate oxygen levels are essential for the functioning and maintenance of biological processes in virtually every cell, albeit based on specific need. Thus, any change in oxygen pressure leads to modulated activation of the hypoxia pathway, which affects numerous physiological and pathological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation, and tumor development. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are essential transcription factors and the driving force of the hypoxia pathway; whereas, their inhibitors, HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHDs) proteins are the true oxygen sensors that critically regulate this response. Recently, we and others have described the central role of the PHD/HIF axis in various compartments of the adrenal gland and its potential influence in associated tumors, including pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent findings on the hypoxia signaling pathway in vivo, including its role in the endocrine system, especially in adrenal tumors.
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12
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Watts D, Bechmann N, Meneses A, Poutakidou IK, Kaden D, Conrad C, Krüger A, Stein J, El-Armouche A, Chavakis T, Eisenhofer G, Peitzsch M, Wielockx B. HIF2α regulates the synthesis and release of epinephrine in the adrenal medulla. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1655-1666. [PMID: 34480587 PMCID: PMC8542008 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal gland and its hormones regulate numerous fundamental biological processes; however, the impact of hypoxia signaling on adrenal function remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that deficiency of HIF (hypoxia inducible factors) prolyl hydroxylase domain protein-2 (PHD2) in the adrenal medulla of mice results in HIF2α-mediated reduction in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) expression, and consequent reduction in epinephrine synthesis. Simultaneous loss of PHD2 in renal erythropoietin (EPO)-producing cells (REPCs) stimulated HIF2α-driven EPO overproduction, excessive RBC formation (erythrocytosis), and systemic hypoglycemia, which is necessary and sufficient to enhance exocytosis of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Based on these results, we propose that the PHD2-HIF2α axis in the adrenal medulla regulates the synthesis of epinephrine, whereas in REPCs, it indirectly induces the release of this hormone. Our findings are also highly relevant to the testing of small molecule PHD inhibitors in phase III clinical trials for patients with renal anemia. KEY MESSAGES: HIF2α and not HIF1α modulates PNMT during epinephrine synthesis in chromaffin cells. The PHD2-HIF2α-EPO axis induces erythrocytosis and hypoglycemia. Reduced systemic glucose facilitates exocytosis of epinephrine from adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Watts
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Meneses
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioanna K Poutakidou
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kaden
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catleen Conrad
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Krüger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Stein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Rosenblum JS, Wang H, Dmitriev PM, Cappadona AJ, Mastorakos P, Xu C, Jha A, Edwards N, Donahue DR, Munasinghe J, Nazari MA, Knutsen RH, Rosenblum BR, Smirniotopoulos JG, Pappo A, Spetzler RF, Vortmeyer A, Gilbert MR, McGavern DB, Chew E, Kozel BA, Heiss JD, Zhuang Z, Pacak K. Developmental vascular malformations in EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144368. [PMID: 33497361 PMCID: PMC8021124 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in EPAS1, encoding hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), were previously identified in a syndrome of multiple paragangliomas, somatostatinoma, and polycythemia. HIF-2α, when dimerized with HIF-1β, acts as an angiogenic transcription factor. Patients referred to the NIH for new, recurrent, and/or metastatic paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma were confirmed for EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation; imaging was evaluated for vascular malformations. We evaluated the Epas1A529V transgenic syndrome mouse model, corresponding to the mutation initially detected in the patients (EPAS1A530V), for vascular malformations via intravital 2-photon microscopy of meningeal vessels, terminal vascular perfusion with Microfil silicate polymer and subsequent intact ex vivo 14T MRI and micro-CT, and histologic sectioning and staining of the brain and identified pathologies. Further, we evaluated retinas from corresponding developmental time points (P7, P14, and P21) and the adult dura via immunofluorescent labeling of vessels and confocal imaging. We identified a spectrum of vascular malformations in all 9 syndromic patients and in all our tested mutant mice. Patient vessels had higher variant allele frequency than adjacent normal tissue. Veins of the murine retina and intracranial dura failed to regress normally at the expected developmental time points. These findings add vascular malformation as a new clinical feature of EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome. We discovered vascular malformations due to failure of developmental vascular regression in patients with EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation syndrome and the corresponding transgenic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pauline M Dmitriev
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony J Cappadona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Edwards
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeeva Munasinghe
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Nazari
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Russell H Knutsen
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce R Rosenblum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riverview Medical Center, Red Bank, New Jersey, USA
| | - James G Smirniotopoulos
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Oncology Department, Developmental Biology and Solid Tumor Program, St. Jude Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexander Vortmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A Kozel
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Dmitriev PM, Wang H, Rosenblum JS, Prodanov T, Cui J, Pappo AS, Gilbert MR, Lutty GA, Chan CC, Chew EY, Pacak K, Zhuang Z. Vascular Changes in the Retina and Choroid of Patients With EPAS1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Syndrome. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138:148-155. [PMID: 31876943 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.5244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with the EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation syndrome (or Pacak-Zhuang syndrome) present with multiple paragangliomas or pheochromocytomas, duodenal somatostatinoma, polycythemia, headaches, and sometimes diminished visual acuity at an early age. The characteristic phenotype and known genetic cause of the syndrome provide an opportunity to study the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) in oxygen sensing, development in regions of physiologic hypoxia, and other pathological processes. Objectives To describe the ocular lesions in EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation syndrome and to establish whether early-onset diminished visual acuity is developmental or associated with long-term physiologic sequelae of the syndrome. Design, Setting, and Participants This clinical case series with a transgenic murine model study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2019. Participants were 3 patients referred by their primary care physicians to the National Institutes of Health for evaluation of recurrent and metastatic paragangliomas or pheochromocytomas accompanied by polycythemia. The syndrome and somatic mosaicism in patients were confirmed by the identification of gain-of-function mutations in the EPAS1 gene in resected tumors and other tissues. Main Outcomes and Measures Ocular findings in patients with EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation syndrome. Results A total of 3 patients (mean [SD] age, 29 [6.2] years) with confirmed ocular abnormalities were included in the study. Increased contrast accumulation at the posterior aspect of the globe was seen bilaterally on magnetic resonance imaging scans in all patients. Ophthalmoscopy images demonstrated fibrosis overlying the optic disc, tortuous and dilated retinal vessels, and retinal pigment epithelium changes. Optic disc edema and retinal exudates were also seen. Fluorescein angiography images showed leakage of dye from postcapillary venules surrounding the optic disc and highlighted aberrant retinal vascular patterns. Enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography images showed substantial thickening of the choroid and dilation of choroidal vessels. The ocular features of the syndrome were confirmed with a transgenic model of mice with gain-of-function Epas1A529V mutation. Conclusions and Relevance In this case series, HIF-2α and hypoxia signaling was found to have a role in vessel development within the choroid and retina, indicating that the marked permanent choroidal thickening and tortuous and dilated veins seen in the choroid and retina in patients with EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation syndrome were suggestive of the persistence of venous elements within the developing mesenchyme. These findings may explain other eye and vascular abnormalities whose pathogenesis remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Dmitriev
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared S Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara Prodanov
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Cui
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alberto S Pappo
- Division of Solid Tumor, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gerard A Lutty
- Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.,Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Hypoxia Pathway Proteins are Master Regulators of Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218131. [PMID: 33143240 PMCID: PMC7662373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex process driving the production of red blood cells. During homeostasis, adult erythropoiesis takes place in the bone marrow and is tightly controlled by erythropoietin (EPO), a central hormone mainly produced in renal EPO-producing cells. The expression of EPO is strictly regulated by local changes in oxygen partial pressure (pO2) as under-deprived oxygen (hypoxia); the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-2 induces EPO. However, erythropoiesis regulation extends beyond the well-established hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-EPO axis and involves processes modulated by other hypoxia pathway proteins (HPPs), including proteins involved in iron metabolism. The importance of a number of these factors is evident as their altered expression has been associated with various anemia-related disorders, including chronic kidney disease. Eventually, our emerging understanding of HPPs and their regulatory feedback will be instrumental in developing specific therapies for anemic patients and beyond.
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16
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Eisenhofer G, Deutschbein T, Constantinescu G, Langton K, Pamporaki C, Calsina B, Monteagudo M, Peitzsch M, Fliedner S, Timmers HJLM, Bechmann N, Fankhauser M, Nölting S, Beuschlein F, Stell A, Fassnacht M, Prejbisz A, Lenders JWM, Robledo M. Plasma metanephrines and prospective prediction of tumor location, size and mutation type in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:353-363. [PMID: 33001846 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Plasma free metanephrines are commonly used for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs), but can also provide other information. This multicenter study prospectively examined whether tumor size, location, and mutations could be predicted by these metabolites. Methods Predictions of tumor location, size, and mutation type, based on measurements of plasma normetanephrine, metanephrine, and methoxytyramine were made without knowledge of disease in 267 patients subsequently determined to have PPGLs. Results Predictions of adrenal vs. extra-adrenal locations according to increased plasma concentrations of metanephrine and methoxytyramine were correct in 93 and 97% of the respective 136 and 33 patients in who these predictions were possible. Predicted mean tumor diameters correlated positively (p<0.0001) with measured diameters; predictions agreed well for pheochromocytomas but were overestimated for paragangliomas. Considering only patients with mutations, 51 of the 54 (94%) patients with NF1 or RET mutations were correctly predicted with those mutations according to increased plasma metanephrine, whereas no or minimal increase in metanephrine correctly predicted all 71 patients with either VHL or SDHx mutations; furthermore, among the latter group increases in methoxytyramine correctly predicted SDHx mutations in 93% of the 29 cases for this specific prediction. Conclusions Extents and patterns of increased plasma O-methylated catecholamine metabolites among patients with PPGLs allow predictions of tumor size, adrenal vs. extra-adrenal locations and general types of mutations. Predictions of tumor location are, however, only possible for patients with clearly increased plasma methoxytyramine or metanephrine. Where possible or clinically relevant the predictions are potentially useful for subsequent clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georgiana Constantinescu
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Langton
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Monteagudo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Fliedner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Maria Fankhauser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, UniviersitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Stell
- Department of Computing and Information, University of Melbourne, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Jiang J, Zhang J, Pang Y, Bechmann N, Li M, Monteagudo M, Calsina B, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Nölting S, Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Deutschbein T, Timmers HJLM, Åkerström T, Crona J, Quinkler M, Fliedner SMJ, Liu Y, Guo J, Li X, Guo W, Hou Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Xiao Q, Liu L, Gao X, Burnichon N, Robledo M, Eisenhofer G. Sino-European Differences in the Genetic Landscape and Clinical Presentation of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5880618. [PMID: 32750708 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are characterized by distinct genotype-phenotype relationships according to studies largely restricted to Caucasian populations. OBJECTIVE To assess for possible differences in genetic landscapes and genotype-phenotype relationships of PPGLs in Chinese versus European populations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING 2 tertiary-care centers in China and 9 in Europe. PARTICIPANTS Patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PPGL, including 719 Chinese and 919 Europeans. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Next-generation sequencing performed in tumor specimens with mutations confirmed by Sanger sequencing and tested in peripheral blood if available. Frequencies of mutations were examined according to tumor location and catecholamine biochemical phenotypes. RESULTS Among all patients, higher frequencies of HRAS, FGFR1, and EPAS1 mutations were observed in Chinese than Europeans, whereas the reverse was observed for NF1, VHL, RET, and SDHx. Among patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs, the most frequently mutated genes in Chinese were HRAS (16.5% [13.6-19.3] vs 9.8% [7.6-12.1]) and FGFR1 (9.8% [7.6-12.1] vs 2.2% [1.1-3.3]), whereas among Europeans the most frequently mutated genes were NF1 (15.9% [13.2-18.6] vs 6.6% [4.7-8.5]) and SDHx (10.7% [8.4-13.0] vs 4.2% [2.6-5.7]). Among Europeans, almost all paragangliomas lacked appreciable production of epinephrine and identified gene mutations were largely restricted to those leading to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors. In contrast, among Chinese there was a larger proportion of epinephrine-producing paragangliomas, mostly due to HRAS and FGFR1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes Sino-European differences in the genetic landscape and presentation of PPGLs, including ethnic differences in genotype-phenotype relationships indicating a paradigm shift in our understanding of the biology of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxian Pang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Monteagudo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruna Calsina
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Genetics Department, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Univiersitäts Spital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Åkerström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Crona
- Department of medical sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Stephanie M J Fliedner
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yujun Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cikui Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nelly Burnichon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Genetics Department, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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18
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Sandru F, Carsote M, Valea A, Albu SE, Petca RC, Dumitrascu MC. Somatostatinoma: Beyond neurofibromatosis type 1 (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3383-3388. [PMID: 32905002 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatinoma is a tumour mainly originating from pancreas or duodenum; overall with an incidence of 1/40 million persons. We introduce a narrative review of literature of somatostatinoma including the relationship with neurofibromatosis type 1. Clinical presentation includes: Diabetes mellitus, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, abdominal pain, and obstructive jaundice while papillary tumour may cause acute pancreatitis. The neoplasia may develop completely asymptomatic or it is detected as an incidental finding during an imaging or a surgical procedure. It may be sporadic or associated to genetic backgrounds especially for duodenal localisation as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 gene with malfunction of RAS/MAPK pathway) or Pacak-Zhuang syndrome (EPAS1 gene encoding HIF). Surgery represents the central approach if feasible but the prognostic depends on location, and grading as indicated by WHO 2017 classification of neuroendocrine tumours. Previously known as Von Recklinghausen disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, the most frequent neurocutaneous syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder including: Café-au-lait spot, skin fold freckling on flexural zones, and neurofibromas as well as tumours such as gliomas of optic nerve, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), iris hamartomas and brain tumours. Duodenal somatostatinoma is associated with the syndrome which actually involves more often a duodenal tumour of GIST type than a somatostatin secreting neoplasia. Other neuroendocrine tumours are reported: Gastrointestinal NENs at the level of rectum or jejunum and pheocromocytoma. Overall, one quarter of subjects have gastrointestinal tumours of different types. Somatostatinoma, when not located on pancreas but in duodenoum, may be registered in subjects with neurofibromatosis type 1 most probably in addition to other tumours. Overall, this type of neuroendocrine tumour with a challenging presentation has a poor prognosis unless adequate radical surgery is promptly offered to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatology, 'Elias' Emergency University Hospital, 125100 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, 'C.I. Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Endocrinology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Valea
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical County Hospital, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Endocrinology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Elena Albu
- Department of Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
- Deparment of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 925200 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Gynecology, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Rosenblum JS, Cappadona AJ, Argersinger DP, Pang Y, Wang H, Nazari MA, Munasinghe JP, Donahue DR, Jha A, Smirniotopoulos JG, Miettinen MM, Knutsen RH, Kozel BA, Zhuang Z, Pacak K, Heiss JD. Neuraxial dysraphism in EPAS1-associated syndrome due to improper mesenchymal transition. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e414. [PMID: 32337341 PMCID: PMC7164966 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of somatic, postzygotic, gain-of-function mutation of Endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1) encoding hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) on posterior fossa development and spinal dysraphism in EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome, which consists of multiple paragangliomas, somatostatinoma, and polycythemia. Methods Patients referred to our institution for evaluation of new, recurrent, and/or metastatic paragangliomas/pheochromocytoma were confirmed for EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome by identification of the EPAS1 gain-of-function mutation in resected tumors and/or circulating leukocytes. The posterior fossa, its contents, and the spine were evaluated retrospectively on available MRI and CT images of the head and neck performed for tumor staging and restaging. The transgenic mouse model underwent Microfil vascular perfusion and subsequent intact ex vivo 14T MRI and micro-CT as well as gross dissection, histology, and immunohistochemistry to assess the role of EPAS1 in identified malformations. Results All 8 patients with EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome demonstrated incidental posterior fossa malformations—one Dandy-Walker variant and 7 Chiari malformations without syringomyelia. These findings were not associated with a small posterior fossa; rather, the posterior fossa volume exceeded that of its neural contents. Seven of 8 patients demonstrated spinal dysraphism; 4 of 8 demonstrated abnormal vertebral segmentation. The mouse model similarly demonstrated features of neuraxial dysraphism, including cervical myelomeningocele and spinal dysraphism, and cerebellar tonsil displacement through the foramen magnum. Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated incomplete mesenchymal transition in the mutant but not the control mouse. Conclusions This study characterized posterior fossa and spinal malformations seen in EPAS1 gain-of-function syndrome and suggests that gain-of-function mutation in HIF-2α results in improper mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Rosenblum
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anthony J Cappadona
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Davis P Argersinger
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ying Pang
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Herui Wang
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew A Nazari
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeeva P Munasinghe
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Abhishek Jha
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - James G Smirniotopoulos
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Markku M Miettinen
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Russell H Knutsen
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karel Pacak
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
| | - John D Heiss
- National Institutes of Health (J.S.R., A.J.C., H.W., Z.Z.), National Cancer Institute Neuro-Oncology Branch; National Institutes of Health (D.P.A., J.D.H.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch; National Institutes of Health (Y.P., A.J., K.P.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology; Georgetown Hospital (M.A.N.), Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington DC; National Institutes of Health (J.P.M., D.R.D.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Mouse Imaging Facility, Bethesda, MD; George Washington University (J.G.S.), Radiology, Washington DC; National Library of Medicine (J.G.S.), MedPix®; National Institutes of Health (M.M.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Pathology; and National Institutes of Health (R.H.K., B.A.K.), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, Bethesda, MD
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Ji H, Niu C, Zhan X, Xu J, Lian S, Xu B, Guo J, Zhen L, Yang H, Li S, Ma L. Identification, functional prediction, and key lncRNA verification of cold stress-related lncRNAs in rats liver. Sci Rep 2020; 10:521. [PMID: 31949263 PMCID: PMC6965121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stimulation reduces the quality of animal products and increases animal mortality, causing huge losses to the livestock industry in cold regions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) take part in many biological processes through transcriptional regulation, intracellular material transport, and chromosome remodeling. Although cold stress-related lncRNAs have been reported in plants, no research is available on the characteristic and functional analysis of lncRNAs after cold stress in rats. Here, we built a cold stress animal model firstly. Six SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided to the acute cold stress group (4 °C, 12 h) and the normal group (24 °C, 12 h). lncRNA libraries were constructed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) using rat livers. 2,120 new lncRNAs and 273 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified in low temperature environments. The target genes of DElncRNA were predicted by cis and trans, and then functional and pathway analysis were performed to them. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that lncRNA targets were mainly participated in the regulation of nucleic acid binding, cold stimulation reaction, metabolic process, immune system processes, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. Next, a interaction network between lncRNA and its targets was constructed. To further reveal the mechanism of cold stress, DElncRNA and DEmRNA were extracted to reconstruct a co-expression sub-network. We found the key lncRNA MSTRG.80946.2 in sub-network. Functional analysis of key lncRNA targets showed that targets were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and pathways in cancer under cold stress. qRT-PCR confirmed the sequencing results. Finally, hub lncRNA MSTRG.80946.2 was characterized, and verified its relationship with related mRNAs by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) interference and qRT-PCR. Results confirmed the accuracy of our analysis. To sum up, our work was the first to perform detailed characterization and functional analysis of cold stress-related lncRNAs in rats liver. lncRNAs played crucial roles in energy metabolism, growth and development, immunity and reproductive performance in cold stressed rats. The MSTRG.80946.2 was verified by network and experiments to be a key functional lncRNA under cold stress, regulating ACP1, TSPY1 and Tsn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chunyang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xuelong Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Li Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Li Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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Pacak K, Taïeb D. Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and Paraganglioma (PGL). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091391. [PMID: 31540433 PMCID: PMC6769510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This series of 23 articles (17 original articles, six reviews) is presented by international leaders in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Head, Developmental Endocrine Oncology and Genetics Affinity Group. Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, NIH, Building 10, CRC, Room 1E-3140, 10 Center Drive MSC-1109, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA.
| | - David Taïeb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, European Center for Research in Medical Imaging, Aix-Marseille University, 13100 Marseille, France.
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Intricacies of the Molecular Machinery of Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Secretion by Chromaffin Cells of the Normal Adrenal Medulla and in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081121. [PMID: 31390824 PMCID: PMC6721535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal medulla is composed predominantly of chromaffin cells producing and secreting the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion is a complex and tightly controlled physiologic process. The pathways involved have been extensively studied, and various elements of the underlying molecular machinery have been identified. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the route from stimulus to secretion of catecholamines by the normal adrenal chromaffin cell compared to chromaffin tumor cells in pheochromocytomas. Pheochromocytomas are adrenomedullary tumors that are characterized by uncontrolled synthesis and secretion of catecholamines. This uncontrolled secretion can be partly explained by perturbations of the molecular catecholamine secretory machinery in pheochromocytoma cells. Chromaffin cell tumors also include sympathetic paragangliomas originating in sympathetic ganglia. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are usually locally confined tumors, but about 15% do metastasize to distant locations. Histopathological examination currently poorly predicts future biologic behavior, thus long term postoperative follow-up is required. Therefore, there is an unmet need for prognostic biomarkers. Clearer understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the secretory characteristics of pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas may offer one approach for the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers for improved therapeutic targeting and monitoring of treatment or disease progression.
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