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Grenda A, Kuźnar-Kamińska B, Kalinka E, Krawczyk P, Sawicki M, Filip A, Chmielewska I, Frąk M, Krzyżanowska N, Milanowski J. MicroRNA-126 selected with broad-spectrum analysis of microRNAs - a new predictive factor for the effectiveness of immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344858. [PMID: 38469304 PMCID: PMC10925701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expression of PD-L1 on cancer cells is the only validated predictive factor for immunotherapy in NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer) patients. However, on this basis, it is difficult to predict the occurrence of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). MicroRNAs are widely studied as biomarkers of cancers. Our study was designed to determine whether microRNAs can be sensitive predictive factors in the qualification of NSCLC patients to first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. Material and methods The two-stage research on validation group (n=20) and study group (n=35) of patients with advanced NSCLC was conducted. Analysis of microRNAs expression by qPCR in plasma collected prior to the start of immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) or chemoimmunotherapy (combination of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy) was made. Broad-spectrum analysis of microRNAs expression was used in the studied group. Three microRNAs selected in that group as important for the effectiveness of ICIs were then examined in the validation group. Results In the studied group, significantly higher expression of miRNA-126-3p, miR-144-3p and miR-146-5p was observed in patients with long PFS compared to those with short PFS. In the validation group, low miRNA-126 expression indicated lower median progression-free survival and overall survival (2.3 vs. 5.0 months and 5.2 vs 11.2, respectively). These patients had a significantly higher risk of progression (HR= 2.92, 95% CI: 1.01 to 8.40, p=0.04) and death (HR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 10.84, p=0.02). Conclusion Our study showed that the expression of miR-126 in blood plasma may be a predictive factor for the effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kalinka
- Department of Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawicki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetics Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Chmielewska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frąk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Li L, Jiang H, Zeng B, Wang X, Bao Y, Chen C, Ma L, Yuan J. Liquid biopsy in lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117757. [PMID: 38184141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide and the primary cause of mortality. The absence of systematic and standardized diagnostic approaches for identifying potential pulmonary nodules, early-stage cancers, and indeterminate tumors has led clinicians to consider tissue biopsy and pathological sections as the preferred method for clinical diagnosis, often regarded as the gold standard. The conventional tissue biopsy is an invasive procedure that does not adequately capture the diverse characteristics and evolving nature of tumors. Recently, the concept of 'liquid biopsy' has gained considerable attention as a promising solution. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that facilitates repeated analysis, enabling real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and response to treatment. Currently, liquid biopsy includes circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, circulating cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, and other proteins and metabolites. With rapid progress in molecular technology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a highly promising and intriguing approach, yielding compelling results. This article critically examines the significant role and potential clinical implications of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianzhao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunxia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Sadeghi MS, Lotfi M, Soltani N, Farmani E, Fernandez JHO, Akhlaghitehrani S, Mohammed SH, Yasamineh S, Kalajahi HG, Gholizadeh O. Recent advances on high-efficiency of microRNAs in different types of lung cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37986065 PMCID: PMC10661689 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lung is among the most common types of cancer globally. Concerning its histology, it is categorized as a non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and a small cell cancer (SCLC) subtype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a member of non-coding RNA whose nucleotides range from 19 to 25. They are known to be critical regulators of cancer via epigenetic control of oncogenes expression and by regulating tumor suppressor genes. miRNAs have an essential function in a tumorous microenvironment via modulating cancer cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and apoptosis. Moreover, a wide range of information produced via several investigations indicates their tumor-suppressing, oncogenic, diagnostic assessment, and predictive marker functions in different types of lung malignancy. miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs can be transferred into a lung cancer cell, with possible curative implications. As a result, miRNAs hold promise as targets for lung cancer treatment and detection. In this study, we investigate the different functions of various miRNAs in different types of lung malignancy, which have been achieved in recent years that show the lung cancer-associated regulation of miRNAs expression, concerning their function in lung cancer beginning, development, and resistance to chemotherapy, also the probability to utilize miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for therapy reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Lotfi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Soltani
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Z, Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX, Deng Y, Wu HT, Liu J. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:731-756. [PMID: 37275444 PMCID: PMC10237026 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yu Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Peng J, Li S, Li B, Hu W, Ding C. Exosomes derived from M1 macrophages inhibit the proliferation of the A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines via the miRNA-let-7b-5p-GNG5 axis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14608. [PMID: 36643646 PMCID: PMC9835688 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Almost all cells are capable of secreting exosomes (Exos) for intercellular communication and regulation. Therefore, Exos can be used as a natural therapeutic platform to regulate genes or deliver drugs to treat diseases. M1 macrophages inhibit tumor growth by releasing pro-inflammatory factors. This study explored the applicability of M1 macrophage exosomes (M1-Exos) as gene carriers and the effects on GNG5 protein, and further examined whether macrophage repolarization could inhibit tumor activity. Methods M0 macrophages were polarized toward M1 using vitexin. Exos were obtained from M1 macrophages by ultra-centrifugation. The transwell non-contact co-culture system was used to co-culture M1 macrophages with HLF-α human lung epithelial cells or A549 or H1299 lung cancer cells. MTT, scratch, and transwell assays were used to detect the cell viability, migration, and invasion ability of cells in the four groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of each group, and western blot (WB) analysis was performed to detect the change in the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. We screened the differentially expressed microRNAs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology. Luciferase reporter analysis was performed to explore the interaction between miRNA and protein. We used Xenografted A549 tumors in nude mice to study the effect of M1-Exos on tumor cell growth in vivo. Results The results showed that, under the M1 macrophage co-culture system, lung cancer cell viability, invasion, and migration ability decreased, and the number of apoptotic cells increased, will all indicators being statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of PCNA, KI67, and Bcl-2 decreased significantly, but that of Bax increased (P < 0.05). Exosomes can have the same effect on tumor cells as M1 macrophages. Exosomes can transport miR-let-7b-5p to tumor cells, and miR-let-7b-5p can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis by regulating the GNG5 protein level. Conclusions M1-Exos inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells through miRNA-let-7b-5p and GNG5 signaling pathways and inhibit the anti-apoptotic ability of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcui Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sa Li
- Department of Construction, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - WenXia Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kong W, Chen T, Li Y. Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Liquid Biopsy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:127-143. [PMID: 37450116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB), as a minimally invasive method of gleaning insight into the dynamics of diseases through a patient fluid sample, represents an interesting tool that can advise in disease monitoring, treatment selection, early diagnosis, evaluation of the response, and prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy is a breakthrough in cancer treatment, which is now recognized as the "fourth pillar" of cancer treatment, after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liquid biopsy offers a different befalling for beneath invasive diagnosis, real-time accommodating monitoring, and analysis options, involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The biomarkers herein have great potential to allow the realization of liquid biopsy for predicting the immunotherapy response and precision medicine. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative, less invasive approach to select cancer patients who would benefit from immunotherapy and to monitor patients during their disease course. This review focuses on the use of liquid biopsy in the immunotherapy treatment of patients with cancer. In this review, we addressed the different promising liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in cancer patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Kong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yixin Li
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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7
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Huang L, Zhang L, Chen X. Updated review of advances in microRNAs and complex diseases: experimental results, databases, webservers and data fusion. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6696143. [PMID: 36094095 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators involved in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as cancers, and thus serve as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The prerequisite for designing effective miRNA therapies is accurate discovery of miRNA-disease associations (MDAs), which has attracted substantial research interests during the last 15 years, as reflected by more than 55 000 related entries available on PubMed. Abundant experimental data gathered from the wealth of literature could effectively support the development of computational models for predicting novel associations. In 2017, Chen et al. published the first-ever comprehensive review on MDA prediction, presenting various relevant databases, 20 representative computational models, and suggestions for building more powerful ones. In the current review, as the continuation of the previous study, we revisit miRNA biogenesis, detection techniques and functions; summarize recent experimental findings related to common miRNA-associated diseases; introduce recent updates of miRNA-relevant databases and novel database releases since 2017, present mainstream webservers and new webserver releases since 2017 and finally elaborate on how fusion of diverse data sources has contributed to accurate MDA prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.,The Future Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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8
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Zeng X, Xiao J, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu J, Lin Z, Zhang Z. Research progress on the circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154030. [PMID: 36116329 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are key factors in gastric carcinogenesis and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation models have defined circRNA/lncRNA as miRNA sponges that indirectly regulate miRNA downstream target genes. The ceRNA regulatory network is related to the malignant biological behaviour of gastric cancer. The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis may be a marker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Exosomal ncRNAs play an important role in gastric cancer and are expected to be ideal biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gastric cancer. This review summarizes the specific ceRNA regulatory network (circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) discovered in gastric cancer in recent years, which may provide new ideas or strategies for early clinical diagnosis, further development, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School,University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiangrong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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9
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Kuo IY, Hsieh CH, Kuo WT, Chang CP, Wang YC. Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:56. [PMID: 35927755 PMCID: PMC9354273 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells in the changing tumor microenvironment (TME) need a class of checkpoints to regulate the balance among exocytosis, endocytosis, recycling and degradation. The vesicular trafficking and secretion pathways regulated by the small Rab GTPases and their effectors convey cell growth and migration signals and function as meditators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent advances suggest that Rab proteins govern conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways by trafficking widely diverse cargoes and substrates in remodeling TME. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways, their action modes and impacts on the cancer and stromal cells have been the focus of much attention for the past two decades. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of vesicular secretion pathways in TME. We begin with an overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of vesicular secretion pathways. We then systematically discuss how the three fundamental vesicular secretion processes respond to extracellular cues in TME. These processes are the conventional protein secretion via the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus route and two types of unconventional protein secretion via extracellular vesicles and secretory autophagy. The latest advances and future directions in vesicular secretion-involved interplays between tumor cells, stromal cell and host immunity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Hou M, He D, Wang H, Huang J, Cheng H, Wan K, Li HW, Tang Z, He X, Wang K. Simultaneous and multiplex detection of exosomal microRNAs based on the asymmetric Au@Au@Ag probes with enhanced Raman signal. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112626. [PMID: 35681606 PMCID: PMC9179588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Treatment with immunotherapy has been established as a standard treatment for lung cancer in recent years. Unfortunately, still, only a small proportion of patients benefit from the treatment, being the first leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for predictive biomarkers to help clinicians to discern whose patients are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Since liquid biopsy opens the door to select patients and monitor the response during the treatment in a non-invasive way, in this review, we focus on the most relevant and recent results based on blood soluble biomarkers. Abstract Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) has demonstrated a profitable performance for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cancer treatment in some patients; however, there is still a percentage of patients in whom immunotherapy does not provide the desired results regarding beneficial outcomes. Therefore, obtaining predictive biomarkers for ICI response will improve the treatment management in clinical practice. In this sense, liquid biopsy appears as a promising method to obtain samples in a minimally invasive and non-biased way. In spite of its evident potential, the use of these circulating biomarkers is still very limited in the real clinical practice, mainly due to the huge heterogeneity among the techniques, the lack of consensus, and the limited number of patients included in these previous studies. In this work, we review the pros and cons of the different proposed biomarkers, such as soluble PD-L1, circulating non-coding RNA, circulating immune cells, peripheral blood cytokines, and ctDNA, obtained from liquid biopsy to predict response to ICI treatment at baseline and to monitor changes in tumor and tumor microenvironment during the course of the treatment in NSCLC patients.
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Wu J, Feng Z, Wang R, Li A, Wang H, He X, Shen Z. Integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identifies plasma exosomal miR-103b/877-5p/29c-5p as diagnostic biomarkers for early lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4411-4421. [PMID: 35585716 PMCID: PMC9741994 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs in plasma exosomes as noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). First, exosomal miRNA profiling of three patients with early LUAD and three patients with benign lung disease were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. Sequencing results showed that 154 exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed in the plasma of LUAD patients, among which 68 miRNAs were up-regulated and 86 miRNAs were down-regulated. GSE137140 is a GEO database containing serum miRNAs sequencing data from 1566 lung cancer patients and 1774 non-cancer patients controls. When comparing the sequencing data, it was found that most miRNAs (37/68) up-regulated in our LUAD group were also significantly up-regulated in GSE137140, suggesting that circulating miRNAs in lung cancer patients may be enriched in plasma exosomes. In GSE137140, the AUC of the combination of hsa-miR-103b, hsa-miR-29c-5p and hsa-miR-877-5p was 0.873, showing great potential as new tumor markers. To our knowledge, these three exosomal miRNAs have not been reported in lung cancer research. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the target genes of three candidate miRNAs, which were indeed closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Bioinformatics algorithms deduced a highly conserved sequence in the 3'-UTR of SFRP4, FOXM1 and TMEM98 that could be bound with miR-103b/877-5p/29c-5p. A luciferase assay indicated that miR-103b/877-5p/29c-5p directly targeted the 3'-UTR of SFRP4, FOXM1 and TMEM98, respectively. Finally, three candidate miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR in 17 early LUAD samples and 17 control plasma samples. Integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identifies, this study provides novel insights into miRNA-related networks in LUAD. Hsa-miR-103b, hsa-miR-29c-5p, and hsa-miR-877-5p may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for early LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAnhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zian Feng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAnhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiaodong He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Clinical LaboratoriesHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAnhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina,Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
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13
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Chang L, Li J, Zhang R. Liquid biopsy for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma: recent research and detection technologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Li H, Li M, Guo H, Lin G, Huang Q, Qiu M. Integrative Analyses of Circulating mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profile in Plasma of Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843054. [PMID: 35433477 PMCID: PMC9008738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating-free RNAs (cfRNAs) have been regarded as potential biomarkers for “liquid biopsy” in cancers. However, the circulating messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiles of lung cancer have not been fully characterized. In this study, we profiled circulating mRNA and lncRNA profiles of 16 lung cancer patients and 4 patients with benign pulmonary nodules. Compared with benign pulmonary nodules, 806 mRNAs and 1,762 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in plasma of lung adenocarcinoma patients. For lung squamous cell carcinomas, 256 mRNAs and 946 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. A total of 231 mRNAs and 298 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in small cell lung cancer. Eleven mRNAs, 51 lncRNAs, and 207 canonical pathways were differentially expressed in lung cancer in total. Forty-five blood samples were collected to verify our findings via performing qPCR. There are plenty of meaningful mRNAs and lncRNAs that were found. MYC, a transcription regulator associated with the stemness of cancer cells, is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1), which plays pleiotropic roles in cancer progression, was found to be upregulated in lung squamous carcinoma. MALAT1, a well-known oncogenic lncRNA, was also found to be upregulated in lung squamous carcinoma. Thus, this study provided a systematic resource of mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in lung cancer plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingru Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aerospace 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haifa Guo
- The First Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guihu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aerospace 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang, ; Mantang Qiu,
| | - Mantang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang, ; Mantang Qiu,
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15
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Santos V, Freitas C, Fernandes MGO, Sousa C, Reboredo C, Cruz-Martins N, Mosquera J, Hespanhol V, Campelo R. Liquid biopsy: the value of different bodily fluids. Biomark Med 2022; 16:127-145. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have gained an increasing interest in the last years among medical and scientific communities. Indeed, the value of liquid effusions, while less invasive and more accurate techniques, has been markedly highlighted. Peripheral blood comprises the most often analyzed sample, but recent evidences have pointed out the huge importance of other bodily fluids, including pleural and peritoneal fluids, urine, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid in the detection and monitoring of different tumor types. In face to these advances, this review aims to provide an overview of the value of tumor-associated mutations, detectable in different effusions, and how they can be used in clinical practice, namely in prognosis assessment and early disease and minimal disease recurrence detection, and in predicting the treatment response or acquired-resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santos
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Maria GO Fernandes
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
| | - Cristina Reboredo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200319, Portugal
- Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200135, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200135, Portugal
| | - Rosário Campelo
- Department of Lung Cancer & Thoracic Tumours, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84, 15006, A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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16
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Herath S, Sadeghi Rad H, Radfar P, Ladwa R, Warkiani M, O’Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801269. [PMID: 35127511 PMCID: PMC8813755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide and early diagnosis is crucial for the management and treatment of this disease. Non-invasive means of determining tumour information is an appealing diagnostic approach for lung cancers as often accessing and removing tumour tissue can be a limiting factor. In recent years, liquid biopsies have been developed to explore potential circulating tumour biomarkers which are considered reliable surrogates for understanding tumour biology in a non-invasive manner. Most common components assessed in liquid biopsy include circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), microRNA and exosomes. This review explores the clinical use of circulating tumour biomarkers found in liquid biopsy for screening, early diagnosis and prognostication of lung cancer patients.
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17
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Frattini M, Froesch P, Epistolio S. Overview of recent advances in molecular analysis for diagnosing early stage lung cancer nodules. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 10:4303-4307. [PMID: 35004258 PMCID: PMC8674592 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milo Frattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology (ICP), Cantonal Hospital (EOC), Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Froesch
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Cantonal Hospital (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Epistolio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology (ICP), Cantonal Hospital (EOC), Locarno, Switzerland
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18
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Wang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Yi H, Song Y. Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Injury: A Mini-Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:317-327. [PMID: 35352667 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220330005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefiting from in-depth research into stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are byproducts of cells and membrane-wrapped microvesicles (30-120 nm) containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, may cast light on the research and development of therapeutics capable of improving the neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) animals. However, the mechanistic modes of action for EVs in alleviating the lesion size of SCI remain to be solved, thus presenting a tremendous gap existing in translation from the laboratory to the clinic. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this minireview was to cover a wide range of basic views on EVs involved in SCI treatment, including the effects of EVs on the pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis of spinal cord injury. METHODS We searched databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE) and acquired all accessible articles published in the English language within five years. Studies reporting laboratory applications of EVs in the treatment of SCI were included and screened to include studies presenting relevant molecular mechanisms. RESULTS This review first summarized the basic role of EVs in cell communication, cell death, inflammatory cascades, scar formation, neuronal regrowth, and angiogenesis after SCI, thereby providing insights into neuroprotection and consolidated theories for future clinical application of EVs. CONCLUSION EVs participate in an extremely wide range of cell activities, play a critical role in cell communication centring neurons, and are considered potential therapies and biomarkers for SCI. miRNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids shipped by EVs and effluent cytokines, and they may represent important messengers of EVs and important factors in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hualiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanxiao Yi
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, YanJiang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Abstract
Exosomes are a new horizon in modern therapy, presenting exciting new opportunities for advanced drug delivery and targeted release. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a size range of 30-100 nm, secreted by all cell types in the human body and carrying a unique collection of DNA fragments, RNA species, lipids, protein biomarkers, transcription factors and metabolites. miRNAs are one of the most common RNA species in exosomes, and they play a role in a variety of biological processes including exocytosis, hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, as well as cellular communication via exosomes. Exosomes can act as cargo to transport this information from donor cells to near and long-distance target cells, participating in the reprogramming of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Dilsiz
- Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
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20
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Gao S, Guo W, Liu T, Liang N, Ma Q, Gao Y, Tan F, Xue Q, He J. Plasma extracellular vesicle microRNA profiling and the identification of a diagnostic signature for stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:648-659. [PMID: 34837453 PMCID: PMC8819331 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective noninvasive method for the accurate diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study examined the profile of plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-delivered microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with invasive stage I LUAD. In this study, a total of 460 participants were enrolled, including 254 patients with LUAD, 76 patients with benign pulmonary nodules (BPNs), and 130 healthy control patients (HCs). miRNA sequencing was used to analyze the EV miRNA profile of the patient plasma samples (n = 150). A diagnostic signature (d-signature) was identified by applying a stepwise logistic regression algorithm, and a single-center training cohort (n = 150) was tested, followed by a multicenter validation cohort (n = 100). A d-signature comprising four EV-derived miRNAs (hsa-miR-106b-3p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-3615, and hsa-miR-450b-5p) was developed for the early detection of LUAD. The d-signature had high precision with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.917 and 0.902 in the training and test cohorts, respectively. Moreover, the d-signature could recognize patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) with AUC values of 0.846 and 0.92, respectively. To sum up, our study detailed the plasma EV-derived miRNA profile in early LUAD patients and developed an EV-derived miRNA d-signature to detect early LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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21
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Jiang C, Zhang N, Hu X, Wang H. Tumor-associated exosomes promote lung cancer metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:117. [PMID: 34511114 PMCID: PMC8436438 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important medium of intercellular communication, exosomes play an important role in information transmission between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Tumor metastasis is a serious influencing factor for poor treatment effect and shortened survival. Lung cancer is a major malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health. The study of the underlying mechanisms of exosomes in tumor genesis and development may provide new ideas for early and effective diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer metastasis. Many studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes promote lung cancer development through a number of processes. By promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells, they induce angiogenesis, establishment of the pretransfer microenvironment, and immune escape. This understanding enables researchers to better understand the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis and explore new treatments for clinical application. In this article, we systematically review current research progress of tumor-derived exosomes in metastasis of lung cancer. Although positive progress has been made toward understanding the mechanism of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis, systematic basic research and clinical translational research remains lacking and are needed to translate our scientific understanding toward applications in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer metastasis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Linhai City, 198 Dubei Road, Linhai, 317016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei Province, China.
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22
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Zhou S, Qian K, Yu S, Zhao Y, Shen Q, Li Y. MiR-4429 Alleviates Malignant Behaviors of Lung Adenocarcioma Through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021. [PMID: 34491827 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is a common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. MicroRNAs have been reported to be effective biomarkers for diagnosis and an important target for therapy. MiR-4429 is a newly identified miRNA, which can take part in tumor progression as a tumor inhibitor. Moreover, it is an exosomal miRNA that can be taken by lung ADC cell line A549. Nevertheless, its role in lung ADC has been poorly studied. This research discovered that miR-4429 was low expressed in lung ADC cells. MiR-4429 mimics could alleviate the capacities of cell proliferation and metastasis. The mimics are able to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition at the same time. Furthermore, it was verified that miR-4429 could bind to β-catenin and negatively regulate β-catenin expression. Interestingly, SKL2001 can reverse the role of miR-4429 on tumor. Consequently, miR-4429 can inactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting β-catenin and prevent oncogene expression in lung ADC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kebao Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuhui Yu
- Department of Radiation Therapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Department of Radiation Therapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Radiation Therapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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23
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Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174330. [PMID: 34503141 PMCID: PMC8431734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes' cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods.
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24
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Dinescu S, Dobranici A, Tecucianu R, Selaru A, Balahura R, Ignat S, Costache M. Exosomes as Part of the Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Secretome- Opening New Perspectives for Cell-Free Regenerative Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1312:139-163. [PMID: 32986128 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent a great resource for regenerative medicine based on their accessibility, self-renewal potential, low immunogenicity, high proliferative rate and potential to differentiate on multiple lineages. Their secretome is rich in chemokines, cytokines and protein growth factors that are actively involved in regeneration processes. In addition, part of this secretome are also the exosomes (hASC-exos), which display high content in proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Due to their content, exosomes promote tissue regeneration by different mechanisms, either by activating or inhibiting several signaling pathways involved in wound healing, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic activity and cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The use of hASC-exos may provide an improved alternative to standard therapies used in regenerative medicine, as a cell-free new approach with multiple possibilities to be modulated according to the patient needs. This review offers an updated overview on the functions and applications of hASC-exos in all areas of tissue regeneration, aiming to highlight to the reader the benefits of using hASCs in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. .,The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandra Dobranici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Tecucianu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Selaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Balahura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Ignat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Circulating extracellular vesicles from individuals at high-risk of lung cancer induce pro-tumorigenic conversion of stromal cells through transfer of miR-126 and miR-320. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:237. [PMID: 34289890 PMCID: PMC8293562 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing specific subsets of functional biomolecules are released by all cell types and analysis of circulating EVs can provide diagnostic and prognostic information. To date, little is known regarding the role of EVs both as biomarkers and potential key players in human lung cancer. METHODS Plasma EVs were isolated from 40 cancer-free heavy-smokers classified according to a validated 24-microRNA signature classifier (MSC) at high (MSCpos-EVs) or low (MSCneg-EVs) risk to develop lung cancer. EVs origin and functional properties were investigated using in vitro 3D cultures and in vivo models. The prognostic value of miRNAs inside EVs was assessed in training and in validation cohorts of 54 and 48 lung cancer patients, respectively. RESULTS Different membrane composition, biological cargo and pro-tumorigenic activity were observed in MSCpos vs MSCneg-EVs. Mechanistically, in vitro and in vivo results showed that miR-126 and miR-320 from MSCpos-EVs increased pro-angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells and M2 polarization of macrophage, respectively. MSCpos-EVs prompted 3D proliferation of non-tumorigenic epithelial cells through c-Myc transfer. Moreover, hypoxia was shown to stimulate the secretion of EVs containing c-Myc from fibroblasts, miR-126-EVs from endothelial cells and miR-320-EVs from granulocytes. Lung cancer patients with higher levels of mir-320 into EVs displayed a significantly shorter overall survival in training [HR2.96] and validation sets [HR2.68]. CONCLUSION Overall our data provide a new perspective on the pro-tumorigenic role of circulating EVs in high risk smokers and highlight the significance of miR-320-EVs as a new prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients.
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26
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Xie H, Wang J. MicroRNA-320a-containing exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells curtail proliferation and metastasis in lung cancer by binding to SOX4. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:268-278. [PMID: 34096448 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1918166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been underscored as possible therapeutic options for cancers. Hence, our goal here was to investigate the relevance of miR-320a-containing exosomes from HUCMSCs to lung cancer. First, H1299 and H460 cells were co-cultured with the exosomes overexpressing miR-320a from HUCMSCs. The data displayed that HUCMSCs-secreted exosomes expressing miR-320a exerted anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Online analysis available at TargetScan database revealed that miR-320a bound to sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4), and the luciferase reporter gene assay clarified this targeting relationship. Next, a β-catenin-specific agonist WAY-262611 was delivered into the H1299 and H460 cells to assess the effects of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on lung cancer cellular processes. The results demonstrated that WAY-262611 potentiated lung cancer cell viability, invasion, and migration, but inhibited cell apoptosis. Altogether, exosomes carrying miR-320a from HUCMSCs might suppress lung cancer cell growth via the SOX4/Wnt/β-catenin axis, which highpoints the potency of exosomes expressing miR-320a as a possible therapeutic option for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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27
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Jouida A, McCarthy C, Fabre A, Keane MP. Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:589-601. [PMID: 33855679 PMCID: PMC8213600 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Jouida
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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28
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Tatischeff I. Current Search through Liquid Biopsy of Effective Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis into the Rich Cargoes of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115674. [PMID: 34073560 PMCID: PMC8199101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There exist many different human cancers, but regardless of the cancer type, an early diagnosis is a necessary condition for further optimal outcomes from the disease. Therefore, efficient specific and sensitive cancer biomarkers are urgently needed. This is especially true for the cancers depicting a silent progression, and those only diagnosed in an already metastatic state with a poor survival prognostic. After a rapid overview of the previous methods for cancer diagnosis, the outstanding characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) will be presented, as new interesting candidates for early cancer diagnosis in human biofluid non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present review aims to give the state-of-the-art of the numerous searches of efficient EV-mediated cancer diagnosis. The corresponding literature quest was performed by means of an original approach, using a powerful Expernova Questel big data platform, which was specifically adapted for a literature search on EVs. The chosen collected scientific papers are presented in two parts, the first one drawing up a picture of the current general status of EV-mediated cancer diagnosis and the second one showing recent applications of such EV-mediated diagnosis for six important human-specific cancers, i.e., lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, ovary and pancreatic cancers. However, the promising perspective of finally succeeding in the worldwide quest for the much-needed early cancer diagnosis has to be moderated by the many remaining challenges left to solve before achieving the efficient clinical translation of the constantly increasing scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Tatischeff
- Honorary CNRS and UPMC Research Director, Founder of RevInterCell, a Scientific Consulting Service, 91400 Orsay, France
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29
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Smolle E, Taucher V, Lindenmann J, Pichler M, Smolle-Juettner FM. Liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer-current status and future outlook-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2237-2251. [PMID: 34164273 PMCID: PMC8182706 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks first as the cause of cancer-associated deaths gobally. The American Cancer Society estimates for 228,820 new cases and 135,720 deaths from lung cancer in the United States for the year 2020. Targeted treatment options have rapidly emerged for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within the past decade. Screening for molecular aberrations is mainly done by tissue biopsy. However, in some cases a biopsy is not possible, or patients do not consent to it. Hence, liquid biopsy remains the only option. Relevant data about the topic of liquid biopsy, with a special focus on NSCLC, was obtained via a PubMed search. We included mainly literature published from 2010 onwards, omitting older studies whenever possible. With this review of the literature, we give an overview of different liquid biopsy approaches, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. We have reviewed the assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in particular, and go into detail with current use of liquid biopsy in everyday clinical practice. Today, liquid biopsy is still infrequently used, depending on the treatment center, but popularity is steadily increasing. Various different approaches are already available, but costs and level of sensitivity significantly differ between techniques. By using liquid biopsy more widely in selected patients, complication rates can be reduced, and constant disease monitoring is made considerably easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Smolle
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Taucher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Barmherzige Schwestern Ried, Ried, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindenmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Smollar J, Mao W, Wan Y. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in lung cancer: Molecular pathology, mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188539. [PMID: 33892051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are submicron-sized, lipid-bilayer-enclosed particles that are released from cells. A variety of tissue-specific molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively encapsulated into sEVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. Incontestable and growing evidence shows the important biological roles and the clinical relevance of sEVs in tumors. In particular, recent studies validate sEVs can be used for early tumor diagnostics, staging, and treatment monitoring. Moreover, sEVs have been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, and antigen conferrers. While still in its infancy, the field of sEV-based fundamental and translational studies has been rapidly advancing. This review comprehensively examines the latest sEV-related studies in lung cancers, encompassing extracellular vesicles and their roles in lung cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The state-of-the-art technologies for sEV isolation, downstream molecular analyses, and sEV-based therapies indicate their potency as tools for understanding the pathology and promising clinical management of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jillian Smollar
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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31
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Heredia-Soto V, Rodríguez-Salas N, Feliu J. Liquid Biopsy in Pancreatic Cancer: Are We Ready to Apply It in the Clinical Practice? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081986. [PMID: 33924143 PMCID: PMC8074327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits the poorest prognosis of all solid tumors, with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. To improve the prognosis, it is necessary to advance in the development of tools that help us in the early diagnosis, treatment selection, disease monitoring, evaluation of the response and prognosis. Liquid biopsy (LB), in its different modalities, represents a particularly interesting tool for these purposes, since it is a minimally invasive and risk-free procedure that can detect both the presence of genetic material from the tumor and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood and therefore distantly reflect the global status of the disease. In this work we review the current status of the main LB modalities (ctDNA, exosomes, CTCs and cfRNAs) for detecting and monitoring PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (V.H.-S.); (N.R.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, Medical Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +34-91-727-7118
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32
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Bongiovanni L, Andriessen A, Wauben MHM, Hoen ENMN', de Bruin A. Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Opportunities to Understand and Detect Neoplastic Diseases. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:453-471. [PMID: 33813952 PMCID: PMC8064535 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With a size range from 30 to 1000 nm, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the smallest cell components able to transport biologically active molecules. They mediate intercellular communications and play a fundamental role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In particular, EVs actively contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and there is emerging understanding of their role in creation of the metastatic niche. This fact underlies the recent exponential growth in EV research, which has improved our understanding of their specific roles in disease and their potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. EVs and their biomolecular cargo reflect the state of the diseased donor cells, and can be detected in body fluids and exploited as biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. Relatively few studies have been published on EVs in the veterinary field. This review provides an overview of the features and biology of EVs as well as recent developments in EV research including techniques for isolation and analysis, and will address the way in which the EVs released by diseased tissues can be studied and exploited in the field of veterinary pathology. Uniquely, this review emphasizes the important contribution that pathologists can make to the field of EV research: pathologists can help EV scientists in studying and confirming the role of EVs and their molecular cargo in diseased tissues and as biomarkers in liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bongiovanni
- 90051Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Present address: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alain de Bruin
- 90051Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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33
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Alshehri B. Plant-derived xenomiRs and cancer: Cross-kingdom gene regulation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2408-2422. [PMID: 33911956 PMCID: PMC8071896 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) critically regulate several major intracellular and metabolic activities, including cancer evolution. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that exosome harbor and transport these miRNAs from donor cells to neighboring and distantly related recipient cells, often in a cross-species manner. Several studies have reported that plant-based miRNAs can be absorbed into the serum of humans, where they hinder the expression of human disease-related genes. Moreover, few recent studies have demonstrated the role of these xenomiRs in cancer development and progression. However, the cross-kingdom gene regulation hypothesis remains highly debatable, and many follow up studies fail to reproduce the same. There are reports that show no effect of plant-derived miRNAs on mammalian cancers. The foremost cause of this controversy remains the lack of reproducibility of the results. Here, we reassess the latest developments in the field of cross-kingdom transference of miRNAs, emphasizing on the role of the diet-based xenomiRs on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Smolarz M, Widlak P. Serum Exosomes and Their miRNA Load-A Potential Biomarker of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061373. [PMID: 33803617 PMCID: PMC8002857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of lung cancer in screening programs is a rational way to reduce mortality associated with this malignancy. Low-dose computed tomography, a diagnostic tool used in lung cancer screening, generates a relatively large number of false-positive results, and its complementation with molecular biomarkers would greatly improve the effectiveness of such programs. Several biomarkers of lung cancer based on different components of blood, including miRNA signatures, were proposed. However, only a few of them have been positively validated in the context of early cancer detection yet, which imposes a constant need for new biomarker candidates. An emerging source of cancer biomarkers are exosomes and other types of extracellular vesicles circulating in body fluids. Hence, different molecular components of serum/plasma-derived exosomes were tested and showed different levels in lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Several studies focused on the miRNA component of these vesicles. Proposed signatures of exosome miRNA had promising diagnostic value, though none of them have yet been clinically validated. These signatures involved a few dozen miRNA species overall, including a few species that recurred in different signatures. It is worth noting that all these miRNA species have cancer-related functions and have been associated with lung cancer progression. Moreover, a few of them, including known oncomirs miR-17, miR-19, miR-21, and miR-221, appeared in multiple miRNA signatures of lung cancer based on both the whole serum/plasma and serum/plasma-derived exosomes.
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35
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Proteomic Analyses of Fibroblast- and Serum-Derived Exosomes Identify QSOX1 as a Marker for Non-invasive Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061351. [PMID: 33802764 PMCID: PMC8002505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial to improve patient outcomes. The tumour microenvironment immediately adapts to malignant transformations, including the activation of fibroblasts in the connective tissue nearby. In this study, we investigated fibroblast activity-related protein secretion via extracellular vesicles (EVs). QSOX1, a protein identified to be significantly reduced in activated fibroblasts and derived EVs, was also found to be significantly reduced in circulating blood plasma EVs of CRC patients as compared to control patients. Hence, blood plasma EV-associated QSOX1 represents a promising platform for diagnostic CRC screening. Abstract The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved during the last decades, but methods for crucial early diagnosis are yet to be developed. The influence of the tumour microenvironment on liquid biopsies for early cancer diagnostics are gaining growing interest, especially with emphasis on exosomes (EXO), a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we established paired cancer-associated (CAFs) and normal fibroblasts (NF) from 13 CRC patients and investigated activation status-related protein abundance in derived EXOs. Immunohistochemical staining of matched patient tissue was performed and an independent test cohort of CRC patient plasma-derived EXOs was assessed by ELISA. A total of 11 differentially abundant EV proteins were identified between NFs and CAFs. In plasma EXOs, the CAF-EXO enriched protein EDIL3 was elevated, while the NF-EXO enriched protein QSOX1 was diminished compared to whole plasma. Both markers were significantly reduced in patient-matched CRC tissue compared to healthy colon tissue. In an independent test cohort, a significantly reduced protein abundance of QSOX1 was observed in plasma EXOs from CRC patients compared to controls and diagnostic ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.904. In conclusion, EXO-associated QSOX1 is a promising novel marker for early diagnosis and non-invasive risk stratification in CRC.
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36
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Ganig N, Baenke F, Thepkaysone ML, Lin K, Rao VS, Wong FC, Polster H, Schneider M, Helm D, Pecqueux M, Seifert AM, Seifert L, Weitz J, Rahbari NN, Kahlert C. Proteomic Analyses of Fibroblast- and Serum-Derived Exosomes Identify QSOX1 as a Marker for Non-invasive Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 33802764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers130613510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved during the last decades, but methods for crucial early diagnosis are yet to be developed. The influence of the tumour microenvironment on liquid biopsies for early cancer diagnostics are gaining growing interest, especially with emphasis on exosomes (EXO), a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we established paired cancer-associated (CAFs) and normal fibroblasts (NF) from 13 CRC patients and investigated activation status-related protein abundance in derived EXOs. Immunohistochemical staining of matched patient tissue was performed and an independent test cohort of CRC patient plasma-derived EXOs was assessed by ELISA. A total of 11 differentially abundant EV proteins were identified between NFs and CAFs. In plasma EXOs, the CAF-EXO enriched protein EDIL3 was elevated, while the NF-EXO enriched protein QSOX1 was diminished compared to whole plasma. Both markers were significantly reduced in patient-matched CRC tissue compared to healthy colon tissue. In an independent test cohort, a significantly reduced protein abundance of QSOX1 was observed in plasma EXOs from CRC patients compared to controls and diagnostic ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.904. In conclusion, EXO-associated QSOX1 is a promising novel marker for early diagnosis and non-invasive risk stratification in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ganig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Baenke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - May-Linn Thepkaysone
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kuailu Lin
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Venkatesh S Rao
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fang Cheng Wong
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Polster
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathieu Pecqueux
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Seifert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Surgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Ning J, Ge T, Jiang M, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y. Early diagnosis of lung cancer: which is the optimal choice? Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6214-6227. [PMID: 33591942 PMCID: PMC7950268 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of lung cancer patients with different clinical stages is significantly different. The 5-year survival of stage IA groups can exceed 90%, while patients with stage IV can be less than 10%. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important for lung cancer patients. This research focused on various diagnosis methods of early lung cancer, including imaging screening, bronchoscopy, and emerging potential liquid biopsies, as well as volatile organic compounds, autoantibodies, aiming to improve the early diagnosis rate and explore feasible and effective early diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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38
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Chen Q, Chen S, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Xu L. MicroRNA-126: A new and promising player in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:35. [PMID: 33262827 PMCID: PMC7693477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors associated with cancer death; however, the mechanisms involved in lung tumor development have not been completely elucidated, which impedes the advancement of clinical diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an important member of the microRNA family and is encoded by intron 7 of epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing gene 7. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miR-126, as a distinct endothelial-enriched miRNA and new tumor suppressor gene, serves a promising role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of various types of cancer, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. In the present review, the current knowledge of the role of miR-126 in lung cancer growth, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapy was summarized, which may provide new insights on the biological roles of miRNAsin lung cancer and facilitate the ultimate development of miRNA-based therapies in clinical patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghua Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Laschos K, Lampropoulou DI, Aravantinos G, Piperis M, Filippou D, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M. Exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: Laboratory noise or hope? World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:407-424. [PMID: 33194090 PMCID: PMC7642347 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, extracellular vesicles and particularly exosomes have gained a lot of research interest due to their unique roles in several biological processes. Noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) represent a class of functional RNA with distinct regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of malignancy that is very challenging to diagnose, especially in early stages; surgical resection still represents the sole potentially curative treatment option. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Hereby, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent discoveries that focus on exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangio-carcinoma with the aim to identify new molecular players that could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Laschos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ioanna Lampropoulou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Maria Piperis
- Radiation Therapy Department, Iatropolis, Athens 15231, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- 1st Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Jotatsu T, Izumi H, Morimoto Y, Yatera K. Selection of microRNAs in extracellular vesicles for diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma by in vitro analysis. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2198-2210. [PMID: 33000251 PMCID: PMC7551269 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant tumor which is a challenge for diagnosis and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. Thus, early diagnostic interventions will improve the quality of life and life expectancy of these patients. Recently, cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in maintaining homeostasis, and abnormal miRNA expression has often been observed in various diseases including cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by many cells contain proteins and nucleic acids. miRNAs are secreted from all cells via EVs and circulate throughout the body. In this study, culture media were passed sequentially through membrane filters 220–50 nm in size, and EVs with diameters of 50 to 220 nm (EVcap50/220) were collected. miRNAs (EV50-miRNAs) in EVcap50/220 were purified, and microarray analysis was performed. EV50-miRNA expression profiles were compared between MPM cells and a normal pleural mesothelial cell line, and six EV50-miRNAs were selected for further investigation. Of these, hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-551b-5p demonstrated higher expression in MPM-derived EVcap50/220. These miRNAs reduced the expression of several genes involved in cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions in normal pleural mesothelial cells. Our data suggest that hsa-miR-193a-5p and hsa-miR-551b-5p in EVcap50/220 could be diagnostic markers for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Jotatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807‑8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807‑8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807‑8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807‑8555, Japan
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Wei P, Zhong C, Yang X, Shu F, Xiao S, Gong T, Luo P, Li L, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Xia Z. Exosomes derived from human amniotic epithelial cells accelerate diabetic wound healing via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-mediated promotion in angiogenesis and fibroblast function. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa020. [PMID: 32923490 PMCID: PMC7476545 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic wounds are one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus, characterized by the dysfunction of wound-healing-related cells in quantity and quality. Our previous studies revealed that human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) could promote diabetic wound healing by paracrine action. Interestingly, numerous studies demonstrated that exosomes derived from stem cells are the critical paracrine vehicles for stem cell therapy. However, whether exosomes derived from hAECs (hAECs-Exos) mediate the effects of hAECs on diabetic wound healing remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects of hAECs-Exos on diabetic wound healing and preliminarily elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods hAECs-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and flow cytometry. A series of in vitro functional analyses were performed to assess the regulatory effects of hAECs-Exos on human fibroblasts (HFBs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a high-glycemic microenvironment. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to speculate the related mechanisms of actions of hAECs-Exos on HFBs and HUVECs. Subsequently, the role of the candidate signaling pathway of hAECs-Exos in regulating the function of HUVECs and HFBs, as well as in diabetic wound healing, was assessed. Results hAECs-Exos presented a cup- or sphere-shaped morphology with a mean diameter of 105.89 ± 10.36 nm, were positive for CD63 and TSG101 and could be internalized by HFBs and HUVECs. After that, hAECs-Exos not only significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of HFBs, but also facilitated the angiogenic activity of HUVECs in vitro. High-throughput sequencing revealed enriched miRNAs of hAECs-Exos involved in wound healing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses have shown that the target genes of the top 15 miRNAs were highly enriched in the PI3K-AKT pathway. Further functional studies demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was necessary for the induced biological effects of hAECs-Exos on HFBs and HUVECs, as well as on wound healing, in diabetic mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that hAECs-Exos represent a promising, novel strategy for diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and fibroblast function via activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wei
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chenjian Zhong
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Futing Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Teng Gong
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Pengfei Luo
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Liquid Biopsy is Instrumental for 3PM Dimensional Solutions in Cancer Management. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2749. [PMID: 32854390 PMCID: PMC7563444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed until 2040. Between 1995 and 2018, the direct costs of cancer doubled from EUR 52 billion to EUR 103 billion in Europe, and per capita health spending on cancer increased by 86% from EUR 105 to EUR 195 in general, whereby Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux, and France spend the most on cancer care compared to other European countries. In view of the consequent severe socio-economic burden on society, the paradigm change from a reactive to a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach in the overall cancer management is essential. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) demonstrate a great potential to revise the above presented trends and to implement cost-effective healthcare that benefits the patient and society as a whole. At any stage, application of early and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services are basic pillars making 3PM particularly attractive for the patients as well as ethical and cost-effective healthcare. Optimal 3PM approach requires novel instruments such as well-designed liquid biopsy application. This review article highlights current achievements and details liquid biopsy approaches specifically in cancer management. 3PM-relevant expert recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Wu J, Shen Z. Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic in lung cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6909-6922. [PMID: 32779402 PMCID: PMC7541138 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies report that exosomes released by various cells can serve as a medium for information exchange between different cells. Through a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, the researchers revealed a more precise molecular mechanism of its participation in the process of intercellular communication. In particular, microRNA (miRNA) is found inside exosomes, as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Extensive evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs participates in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and plays a variety of roles. Therefore, the release of RNA‐containing exosomes in many different kinds of body fluids has caused widespread interest among researchers. In this review, we report evidence from human studies involving miRNAs and other ncRNAs in exosomes associated with lung cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Currently, there is a small amount of evidence that exosomal miRNAs can be used as early diagnosis and prognostic markers for lung cancer, and their exact role in lung cancer patients still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Wei J, Zhang W, Xie M, Wang X, Xu J. Serum Exosomal miR-1290 is a Potential Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7809-7818. [PMID: 32801784 PMCID: PMC7415459 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s263934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) representing the most common subtype. Recently, exosome-based biomarkers have provided new diagnostic approaches for malignancies. We aimed to identify specific exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as noninvasive biomarkers for LUAD. Patients and Methods A total of 110 participants were enrolled and randomly divided into two sets: the discovery set (n=20) and the validation set (n=90). Exosomes were isolated from serum, and miRNAs were subsequently extracted. Candidate miRNAs (miR-21, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-223, miR-638 and miR-1290) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the discovery set. The upregulated miR-1290 was then selected for further analysis in the validation set along with three tumor markers (CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE). The diagnostic and prognostic value of exosomal miR-1290 were estimated through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analysis. Results Serum exosomal miR-1290 was significantly upregulated in LUAD patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.001) and decreased after resection (P=0.0029). Its expression level was associated with tumor stage, tumor size, lymph node and distant metastasis (all P <0.05). Exosomal miR-1290 had a higher diagnostic efficacy than CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 96.7% (AUC: 0.937, 95% CI: 0.890-0.985; P<0.001). Moreover, LUAD patients with a high level of exosomal miR-1290 had significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with a low level of exosomal miR-1290 (mean PFS: 14 months vs 37 months, P<0.001). Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that exosomal miR-1290 could be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of LUAD (HR=7.80, P=0.017). Conclusion Serum exosomal miR-1290 could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Dai J, Su Y, Zhong S, Cong L, Liu B, Yang J, Tao Y, He Z, Chen C, Jiang Y. Exosomes: key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:145. [PMID: 32759948 PMCID: PMC7406508 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA, etc., which play a crucial role in regulating tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in the process of cancer development, and can be used as a prognostic marker and/or grading basis for tumor patients. Hereby, we mainly summarized as followed: the role of exosome contents in cancer, focusing on proteins and noncoding RNA; the interaction between exosomes and tumor microenvironment; the mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of tumor affected by exosomes; and tumor suppression strategies based on exosomes. Finally, the application potential of exosomes in clinical tumor diagnosis and therapy is prospected, which providing theoretical supports for using exosomes to serve precise tumor treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yangzhou Su
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Suye Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Li Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zuping He
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Zhang ZJ, Song XG, Xie L, Wang KY, Tang YY, Yu M, Feng XD, Song XR. Circulating serum exosomal miR-20b-5p and miR-3187-5p as efficient diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1428-1436. [PMID: 32741216 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220945987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The high mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mainly because the cancer has progressed to a more advanced stage before diagnosis. If NSCLC can be diagnosed at early stages, especially stage 0 or I, the overall survival rate will be largely improved by definitive treatment such as lobectomy. We herein validated two novel circulating serum ExmiRs as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC to fulfill the unmet medical need. Considering the number of specimens in this study, circulating serum exosomal miR-20b-5p and miR-3187-5p are putative NSCLC biomarkers, which need to be further investigated in a larger randomized controlled clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250117, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xing-Guo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Kang-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - You-Yong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Miao- Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xian-Rang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250117, China
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Xu J, An P, Winkler CA, Yu Y. Dysregulated microRNAs in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1271. [PMID: 32850386 PMCID: PMC7399632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that can function as gene regulators and are involved in tumorigenesis. We review the commonly dysregulated miRNAs in liver tumor tissues and plasma/serum of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The frequently reported up-regulated miRNAs in liver tumor tissues include miR-18a, miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-224, whereas down-regulated miRNAs include miR-26a, miR-101, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-145, miR-199a, miR-199b, miR-200a, and miR-223. For a subset of these miRNAs (up-regulated miR-222 and miR-224, down-regulated miR-26a and miR-125b), the pattern of dysregulated circulating miRNAs in plasma/serum is mirrored in tumor tissue based on multiple independent studies. Dysregulated miRNAs target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Normalization of dysregulated miRNAs by up- or down-regulation has been shown to inhibit HCC cell proliferation or sensitize liver cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatment. miRNAs hold as yet unrealized potential as biomarkers for early detection of HCC and as precision therapeutic targets, but further studies in diverse populations and across all stages of HCC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Costa C, Teodoro M, Rugolo CA, Alibrando C, Giambò F, Briguglio G, Fenga C. MicroRNAs alteration as early biomarkers for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: New challenges in pesticides exposure. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:759-767. [PMID: 32612936 PMCID: PMC7322123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge linking pesticide exposure, cancer and neuro-degenerative diseases to dysregulation of microRNA network was summarized. Literature indicates differential miRNA expression targeting biomolecules and pathways involved in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluation of miRNA expression may be used to develop new non-invasive strategies for the prediction and prognosis of diseases including cancer. The application of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in the clinical field is extremely challenging.
This review summarizes the current knowledge linking cancer and neuro-degenerative diseases to dysregulation of microRNA network following pesticide exposure. Most findings revealed differential miRNA expression targeting biomolecules and pathways involved in various neoplastic localizations and neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of evidence in recent literature indicates that alteration of specific miRNAs can represent an early biomarker of disease following exposure to chemical agents, including pesticides. Different miRNAs seem to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastasis via many biological pathways through modulation of the expression of target mRNAs. The evaluation of miRNA expression levels may be used to develop new non-invasive strategies for the prediction and prognosis of many diseases, including cancer. However, the application of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in the clinical field is extremely challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Alessandra Rugolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Alibrando
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Giambò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giusi Briguglio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino” – pad. H, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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Dilsiz N. Role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in cancer. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO465. [PMID: 32257377 PMCID: PMC7117563 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that exosomes play a critical role in the cell-cell communication process. Exosomes are biological nanoparticles with an average diameter of 30-100 nm in size and are produced by almost all cell types in the human body; however, cancer cells contain higher concentrations of exosomes than healthy cells. They are released into all body fluids and contain double-stranded DNA (originated from nucleus and mitochondria), a variety of RNA species, and specific protein biomarkers that can be utilized as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and lipids. Therefore, the specific exosomes secreted by tumor cells could be used to predict the existence of the presence of a tumor in cancer patients. This review summarizes the role of exosomes in cancer development and their potential utility in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Dilsiz
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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D’Alterio C, Scala S, Sozzi G, Roz L, Bertolini G. Paradoxical effects of chemotherapy on tumor relapse and metastasis promotion. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:351-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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