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Chen F, Peng S, Li C, Yang F, Yi Y, Chen X, Xu H, Cheng B, Xu Y, Xie X. Nitidine chloride inhibits mTORC1 signaling through ATF4-mediated Sestrin2 induction and targets IGF2R for lysosomal degradation. Life Sci 2024; 353:122918. [PMID: 39034027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Nitidine chloride (NC), a natural phytochemical alkaloid derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC, exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. However, the primary targets of NC and the mechanism of action (MOA) have not been explicitly defined. METHODS We explored the effects of NC on mTORC1 signaling by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy in wild-type and gene knockout cell lines generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. We identified IGF2R as a direct target of NC via the drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) method. We investigated the antitumor effects of NC using a mouse melanoma B16 tumor xenograft model. KEY FINDINGS NC inhibits mTORC1 activity by targeting amino acid-sensing signaling through activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-mediated Sestrin2 induction. NC directly binds to IGF2R and promotes its lysosomal degradation. Moreover, NC displayed potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cells and inhibited B16 tumor xenografts. SIGNIFICANCE NC inhibits mTORC1 signaling through nutrient sensing and directly targets IGF2R for lysosomal degradation, providing mechanistic insights into the MOA of NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujun Peng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Canrong Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuguo Yi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haolun Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baicheng Cheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Department of Hospital Infection Management, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Xie
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Pan Z, Yu X, Wang W, Shen K, Chen J, Zhang Y, Huang R. Sestrin2 remedies neuroinflammatory response by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2640-2653. [PMID: 38761015 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Most central nervous diseases are accompanied by astrocyte activation. Autophagy, an important pathway for cells to protect themselves and maintain homeostasis, is widely involved in regulation of astrocyte activation. Reactive astrocytes may play a protective or harmful role in different diseases due to different phenotypes of astrocytes. It is an urgent task to clarify the formation mechanisms of inflammatory astrocyte phenotype, A1 astrocytes. Sestrin2 is a highly conserved protein that can be induced under a variety of stress conditions as a potential protective role in oxidative damage process. However, whether Sestrin2 can affect autophagy and involve in A1 astrocyte conversion is still uncovered. In this study, we reported that Sestrin2 and autophagy were significantly induced in mouse hippocampus after multiple intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, with the elevation of A1 astrocyte conversion and inflammatory mediators. Knockdown Sestrin2 in C8-D1A astrocytes promoted the levels of A1 astrocyte marker C3 mRNA and inflammatory factors, which was rescued by autophagy inducer rapamycin. Overexpression of Sestrin2 in C8-D1A astrocytes attenuated A1 astrocyte conversion and reduced inflammatory factor levels via abundant autophagy. Moreover, Sestrin2 overexpression improved mitochondrial structure and morphology. These results suggest that Sestrin2 can suppress neuroinflammation by inhibiting A1 astrocyte conversion via autophagy, which is a potential drug target for treating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Pan
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Xiangshui County, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Interventional Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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3
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Polini B, Zallocco L, Gado F, Ferrisi R, Ricardi C, Zuccarini M, Carnicelli V, Manera C, Ronci M, Lucacchini A, Zucchi R, Giusti L, Chiellini G. A Proteomic Approach Identified TFEB as a Key Player in the Protective Action of Novel CB2R Bitopic Ligand FD22a against the Deleterious Effects Induced by β-Amyloid in Glial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:875. [PMID: 38786097 PMCID: PMC11119469 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are progressive multifactorial disorders of the nervous system sharing common pathogenic features, including intracellular misfolded protein aggregation, mitochondrial deficit, and inflammation. Taking into consideration the multifaceted nature of NDDs, development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has evolved as an attractive therapeutic strategy. Compounds that target the cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) are rapidly emerging as novel effective MTDLs against common NDDs, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently developed the first CB2R bitopic/dualsteric ligand, namely FD22a, which revealed the ability to induce neuroprotection with fewer side effects. To explore the potential of FD22a as a multitarget drug for the treatment of NDDs, we investigated here its ability to prevent the toxic effect of β-amyloid (Aβ25-35 peptide) on human cellular models of neurodegeneration, such as microglia (HMC3) and glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell lines. Our results displayed that FD22a efficiently prevented Aβ25-35 cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects in both cell lines and counteracted β-amyloid-induced depression of autophagy in U87-MG cells. Notably, a quantitative proteomic analysis of U87-MG cells revealed that FD22a was able to potently stimulate the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) by activating its master transcriptional regulator TFEB, ultimately increasing the potential of this novel CB2R bitopic/dualsteric ligand as a multitarget drug for the treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.R.); (V.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (R.F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (R.F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Ricardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.R.); (V.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.R.); (V.C.); (R.Z.)
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.R.)
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine (COIIM), 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.R.); (V.C.); (R.Z.)
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.R.); (V.C.); (R.Z.)
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4
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Fang H, Shi X, Wan J, Zhong X. Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024; 25:9-22. [PMID: 37516672 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a type of highly conserved stress-inducing protein that has antioxidant and mTORC1 inhibitory functions. Metabolic dysfunction and aging are the main risk factors for development of human diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Sestrins have important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-tumor functions, and aging by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways. In this review, the structure and biological functions of sestrins are summarized, and how sestrins are activated and contribute to regulation of the downstream signal pathways of metabolic and aging-related diseases are discussed in detail with the goal of providing new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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5
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Li Y, Meng X, Luo Y, Luo S, Li J, Zeng J, Huang X, Wang J. The oncogenic miR-429 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by degrading DLC1. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9809-9821. [PMID: 37737712 PMCID: PMC10564445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Lines of evidence have demonstrated that the oncogenic miRNAs are pivotal to the progression of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the biological traits of microRNA-429 (miR-429) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that miR-429 was notably overexpressed in TNBC, and promoted TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by degrading the tumor suppressor DLC1. In conclusion, our findings reveal the mechanism of tumorigenic miR-429 in TNBC, which paves the way for target therapies translation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiafei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
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6
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He X, Li X, Tian W, Li C, Li P, Zhao J, Yang S, Li S. The role of redox-mediated lysosomal dysfunction and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115121. [PMID: 37418979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the dynamic equilibrium between oxidant and reducing agent in the body which plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological activities of the body. The imbalance of redox homeostasis can lead to the development of various human diseases. Lysosomes regulate the degradation of cellular proteins and play an important role in influencing cell function and fate, and lysosomal dysfunction is closely associated with the development of various diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that redox homeostasis plays a direct or indirect role in regulating lysosomes. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the role and mechanisms of redox homeostasis in the regulation of lysosomal function. Therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of redox exerted to disrupt or restore lysosomal function are further discussed. Uncovering the role of redox in the regulation of lysosomes helps to point new directions for the treatment of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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7
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Kim KH, Ki MR, Min KH, Pack SP. Advanced Delivery System of Polyphenols for Effective Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051048. [PMID: 37237914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols from plants such as fruits and vegetables are phytochemicals with physiological and pharmacological activity as potential drugs to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease, chronic disease, and cancer. However, due to the limited water solubility and bioavailability of many natural compounds, their pharmacological applications have been limited. Researchers have made progress in the development of nano- and micro-carriers that can address these issues and facilitate effective drug delivery. The currently developed drug delivery systems maximize the fundamental effects in various aspects such as absorption rate, stability, cellular absorption, and bioactivity of polyphenols. This review focuses on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols enhanced by the introduction of drug delivery systems, and ultimately discusses the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, growth, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koung Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ha Min
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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9
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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Di Giorgio C, Bellini R, Lupia A, Massa C, Bordoni M, Marchianò S, Rosselli R, Sepe V, Rapacciuolo P, Moraca F, Morretta E, Ricci P, Urbani G, Monti MC, Biagioli M, Distrutti E, Catalanotti B, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Discovery of BAR502, as potent steroidal antagonist of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140730. [PMID: 36998446 PMCID: PMC10043345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is a cytokine belonging to IL-6 family, whose overexpression correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). LIF signaling is mediate by its binding to the heterodimeric LIF receptor (LIFR) complex formed by the LIFR receptor and Gp130, leading to JAK1/STAT3 activation. Bile acids are steroid that modulates the expression/activity of membrane and nuclear receptors, including the Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) and G Protein Bile Acid Activated Receptor (GPBAR1).MethodsHerein we have investigated whether ligands to FXR and GPBAR1 modulate LIF/LIFR pathway in PDAC cells and whether these receptors are expressed in human neoplastic tissues. ResultsThe transcriptome analysis of a cohort of PDCA patients revealed that expression of LIF and LIFR is increased in the neoplastic tissue in comparison to paired non-neoplastic tissues. By in vitro assay we found that both primary and secondary bile acids exert a weak antagonistic effect on LIF/LIFR signaling. In contrast, BAR502 a non-bile acid steroidal dual FXR and GPBAR1 ligand, potently inhibits binding of LIF to LIFR with an IC50 of 3.8 µM.DiscussionBAR502 reverses the pattern LIF-induced in a FXR and GPBAR1 independent manner, suggesting a potential role for BAR502 in the treatment of LIFR overexpressing-PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachele Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Massa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Fiorucci,
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11
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Chowdhury SG, Misra S, Karmakar P. Understanding the Impact of Obesity on Ageing in the Radiance of DNA Metabolism. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:314-328. [PMID: 37248755 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a multi-factorial phenomenon which is considered as a major risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Phenotypically, ageing is related with a combination of molecular, cellular, and physiological levels like genomic and epi-genomic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulation of cellular and subcellular function and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though, no single molecular mechanism accounts for the functional decline of different organ systems in older humans but accumulation of DNA damage or mutations is a dominant theory which contributes largely to the development of ageing and age-related diseases. However, mechanistic, and hierarchical order of these features of ageing has not been clarified yet. Scientific community now focus on the effect of obesity on accelerated ageing process. Obesity is a complex chronic disease that affects multiple organs and tissues. It can not only lead to various health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease but also can decrease life expectancy which shows similar phenotype of ageing. Higher loads of DNA damage were also observed in the genome of obese people. Thus, inability of DNA damage repair may contribute to both ageing and obesity apart from cancer predisposition. The present review emphasizes on the involvement of molecular phenomenon of DNA metabolism in development of obesity and how it accelerates ageing in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Chowdhury
- Parimal Karmakar, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
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12
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SESN2 Knockdown Increases Betulinic Acid-Induced Radiosensitivity of Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010177. [PMID: 36611970 PMCID: PMC9818433 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound well known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial effects and anti-tumor properties. Its enhanced cytotoxicity in tumor cells and induction of cell death in various cancer entities qualifies BA as an interesting candidate for novel treatment concepts. Our analyses showed enhanced cytotoxicity and radiosensitization under hypoxic conditions in human breast cancer cells. So far, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the BA-treated human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions based on microarray technology. Hypoxia and BA regulated a variety of genes in both breast cancer cell lines. KEGG pathway analysis identified an enrichment of the p53 pathway in MCF-7 cells (wtp53) under hypoxia. In MDA-MB-231 cells (mtp53) an additional BA incubation was required to activate the p53 signaling pathway. Fourteen down-regulated and up-regulated genes of the p53 pathway were selected for further validation via qRT-PCR in a panel of five breast cancer cell lines. The stress-induced gene Sestrin-2 (SESN2) was identified as one of the most strongly up-regulated genes after BA treatment. Knockdown of SESN2 enhanced BA-induced ROS production, DNA damage, radiosensitivity and reduced autophagy in breast cancer cells. Our results identified SESN2 as an important target to enhance the radiobiological and anti-tumor effects of BA on breast cancer cells.
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Sestrin2 contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance via reducing redox vulnerability of melanoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 109:52-60. [PMID: 36858850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment resistance often occurs with BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy for melanoma, bringing in a great challenge to the treatment of melanoma patients harboring mutant BRAF gene. Recent studies revealed redox vulnerability constitutes a novel opportunity to overcome BRAFi resistance. Previously we found Sestrin2 provided protection to metastatic melanoma cells by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by anoikis, but its defensive role against redox stimuli elicited by BRAFi was unclear. OBJECTIVE In-depth explored the role of Sestrin2 in BRAFi-resistant melanoma. METHODS Vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells were established using 451Lu and UACC62 cell lines carrying BRAFV600E mutation. Mechanistic studies were subsequently performed by transfection of lentiviral vectors encoding an shRNA against SESN2 or embedded with the coding sequences of SESN2 cDNA. RESULTS Elevated Sestrin2 expression was found in vemurafenib-resistance melanoma cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells employ Sestrin2 to adapt to higher oxidative stress under vemurafenib exposure. It was also demonstrated that mTOR signaling was significantly activated following Sestrin2 knockdown. Given the known promoting role of active mTOR signaling in melanoma proliferation and survival, the effects of mTOR blocker and Sestrin2 ablation on BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells were further tested, and the combination was found to result in enhanced inhibition of melanoma cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the contribution of Sestrin2 to the development of BRAFi resistance and the fact that the combination of mTOR blocker assisted Sestrein2 ablation in eliminating BRAFi resistance of melanoma. Therefore, mTOR and Sestrin2 may be novel combinatorial therapeutic targets to overcome BRAFi resistance of melanoma.
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Mazumder S, Mitra Ghosh T, Mukherjee UK, Chakravarti S, Amiri F, Waliagha RS, Hemmati F, Mistriotis P, Ahmed S, Elhussin I, Salam AB, Dean-Colomb W, Yates C, Arnold RD, Mitra AK. Integrating Pharmacogenomics Data-Driven Computational Drug Prediction with Single-Cell RNAseq to Demonstrate the Efficacy of a NAMPT Inhibitor against Aggressive, Taxane-Resistant, and Stem-like Cells in Lethal Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6009. [PMID: 36497496 PMCID: PMC9738762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14236009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer/PCa is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Most early-stage PCa are dependent on overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR) and, therefore, androgen deprivation therapies/ADT-sensitive. However, eventual resistance to standard medical castration (AR-inhibitors) and secondary chemotherapies (taxanes) is nearly universal. Further, the presence of cancer stem-like cells (EMT/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation) and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) subtypes significantly contribute to aggressive/lethal/advanced variants of PCa (AVPC). In this study, we introduced a pharmacogenomics data-driven optimization-regularization-based computational prediction algorithm ("secDrugs") to predict novel drugs against lethal PCa. Integrating secDrug with single-cell RNA-sequencing/scRNAseq as a 'Double-Hit' drug screening tool, we demonstrated that single-cells representing drug-resistant and stem-cell-like cells showed high expression of the NAMPT pathway genes, indicating potential efficacy of the secDrug FK866 which targets NAMPT. Next, using several cell-based assays, we showed substantial impact of FK866 on clinically advanced PCa as a single agent and in combination with taxanes or AR-inhibitors. Bulk-RNAseq and scRNAseq revealed that, in addition to NAMPT inhibition, FK866 regulates tumor metastasis, cell migration, invasion, DNA repair machinery, redox homeostasis, autophagy, as well as cancer stemness-related genes, HES1 and CD44. Further, we combined a microfluidic chip-based cell migration assay with a traditional cell migration/'scratch' assay and demonstrated that FK866 reduces cancer cell invasion and motility, indicating abrogation of metastasis. Finally, using PCa patient datasets, we showed that FK866 is potentially capable of reversing the expression of several genes associated with biochemical recurrence, including IFITM3 and LTB4R. Thus, using FK866 as a proof-of-concept candidate for drug repurposing, we introduced a novel, universally applicable preclinical drug development pipeline to circumvent subclonal aggressiveness, drug resistance, and stemness in lethal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mazumder
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Taraswi Mitra Ghosh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Urology Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ujjal K. Mukherjee
- Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Sayak Chakravarti
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Farshad Amiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Razan S. Waliagha
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Farnaz Hemmati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Salsabil Ahmed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Ahmad-Bin Salam
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Windy Dean-Colomb
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Piedmont Hospital, Newnan, GA 30309, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Canter for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- UAB O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- UAB O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amit K. Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- UAB O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1225578. [PMID: 36312897 PMCID: PMC9605829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1225578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role in cellular signaling is evident. ROS control several biological processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The redox signaling underlying these cellular events is one characteristic of the new generation of scientists aimed at defining the role of ROS in the cellular environment. The control of redox potential, which includes the balance of the sources of ROS and the antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding the cells' fate derived from redox signaling. In this review, we summarized the chemical, the redox balance, the signaling, and the implications of ROS in biological aging.
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Serum Sestrin2 Was Lower in Septic Shock Patients with Cardiomyopathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1390373. [PMID: 36092963 PMCID: PMC9458382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1390373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To determine the clinical significance of variations in serum sestrin2 protein levels in the development of septic cardiomyopathy in septic shock patients. Methods The serum sestrin2 concentrations of each sample were determined using ELISA in a total of 67 control persons and 188 patients with septic shock. Furthermore, using transthoracic echocardiography, septic shock patients were split into two groups based on whether or not cardiomyopathy had developed, and the differences in each index between the two groups were analyzed. We looked at the relationship between serum sestrin2 levels, norepinephrine dosage, and NTproBNP levels. The influencing variables for the prediction of septic cardiomyopathy linked with the development of septic cardiomyopathy and clinical prognosis in septic cardiomyopathy were determined using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results Assessment of left ventricular systolic function by measurement of LVEF revealed that 61/188 (32.4%) of the 188 patients with septic shock included in the research satisfied the diagnostic criteria for septic cardiomyopathy. (1) Sestrin2 protein levels showed a significant difference between septic shock and healthy controls (p < 0.01). (2) Compared to the group without septic cardiomyopathy, the group with combined septic cardiomyopathy had lower serum sestrin2 protein levels (p < 0.05), lower systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and higher plasma NTproBNP levels (p < 0.01) and used greater norepinephrine dosages (p < 0.01). The levels of serum sestrin2 protein revealed a little negative relationship with NTproBNP and norepinephrine dose. However, a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that none of these factors was an independent predictor of septic shock. (3) Age, lactate level, SOFA score, positive bacteremia, and sestrin2 protein were shown to be substantial discrepancies in clinical outcomes in patients with septic cardiomyopathy, becoming variables that impact clinical outcomes. Positive bacteremia (p = 0.031, OR = 5.084), SOFA score (p = 0.021, OR = 1.304), and sestrin2 protein (p = 0.039, OR = 0.897) were revealed to have independent influences in predicting clinical mortality outcome in septic cardiomyopathy using multivariate binary logistic regression. Conclusion High serum sestrin2 levels clearly distinguish septic shock patients from healthy controls, whereas low serum sestrin2 levels are related with cardiac dysfunction to some extent but are not an independent influence factor for septic cardiomyopathy. Low serum sestrin2 levels were shown to be useful in predicting clinical outcome in patients with septic cardiomyopathy.
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17
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Dzhalilova DS, Makarova OV. The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in the Mechanisms of Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:995-1014. [PMID: 36180993 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a reduction in the oxygen delivery to all organs and tissues and decrease in the oxygen partial pressure in them, resulting in the development of hypoxia. The lack of oxygen activates cell signaling pathway mediated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF), which exists in three isoforms - HIF-1, HIF-2, and HIF-3. HIF regulates expression of several thousand genes and is a potential target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of many diseases, including those associated with age. Human organism and organisms of laboratory animals differ in their tolerance to hypoxia and expression of HIF and HIF-dependent genes, which may contribute to the development of inflammatory, tumor, and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the data on changes in the HIF expression with age are contradictory, which is mostly due to the fact that such studies are conducted in different age groups, cell types, and model organisms, as well as under different hypoxic conditions and mainly in vitro. Furthermore, the observed discrepancies can be due to the individual tolerance of the studied organisms to hypoxia, which is typically not taken into account. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to analyze the published data on the connection between the mechanisms of aging, basal tolerance to hypoxia, and changes in the level of HIF expression with age. Here, we summarized the data on the age-related changes in the hypoxia tolerance, HIF expression and the role of HIF in aging, which is associated with its involvement in the molecular pathways mediated by insulin and IGF-1 (IIS), sirtuins (SIRTs), and mTOR. HIF-1 interacts with many components of the IIS pathway, in particular with FOXO, the activation of which reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases hypoxia tolerance. Under hypoxic conditions, FOXO is activated via both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent pathways, which contributes to a decrease in the ROS levels. The activity of HIF-1 is regulated by all members of the sirtuin family, except SIRT5, while the mechanisms of SIRT interaction with HIF-2 and HIF-3 are poorly understood. The connection between HIF and mTOR and its inhibitor, AMPK, has been identified, but its exact mechanism has yet to be studied. Understanding the role of HIF and hypoxia in aging and pathogenesis of age-associated diseases is essential for the development of new approaches to the personalized therapy of these diseases, and requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzhuliia Sh Dzhalilova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, 117418, Russia.
| | - Olga V Makarova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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18
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroquinolinones and tetrahydroquinolines with anticancer activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9985. [PMID: 35705657 PMCID: PMC9200803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe and the United States and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality. A therapeutic strategy used for the treatment of CRC involves targeting the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we synthesized a series of novel tetrahydroquinolinones and assessed their ability to inhibit CRC growth and proliferation by evoking cellular stress through ROS. Our results revealed that (2-oxo-4-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl) N-(3-fluorophenyl)carbamate (20d) exhibited in vitro antiproliferative activity at micromolar concentrations. The compound also suppressed colony formation and the migration of HCT-116 cells, as well as deregulated the expression of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, 20d induced massive oxidative stress by disrupting the balance of cells survival resulting in autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that this tetrahydroquinolinone can be an ideal lead compound for drug discovery based on quinone derivatives.
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19
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by homeostasis disrupted by excessively increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes. Among diseases caused by the abnormal induction of ROS, cancer is a representative disease that shows gender specificity in the development and malignancy. Females have the advantage of longer life expectancy than males because of the genetic advantages derived from X chromosomes, the antioxidant protective function by estrogen, and the decrease in exposure to extrinsic risk factors such as alcohol and smoking. This study first examines the ordinary biological responses to oxidative stress and the effects of ROS on the cancer progression and describes the differences in cancer incidence and mortality by gender and the differences in oxidative stress affected by sex hormones. This paper summarized how several important transcription factors regulate ROS-induced stress and in vivo responses, and how their expression is changed by sex hormones. Estrogen is associated with disease resistance and greater mitochondrial function, and reduces mitochondrial damage and ROS production in females than in males. In addition, estrogen affects the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (NRF) 2 and the regulation of other antioxidant-related transcription factors through NRF2, leading to benefits in females. Because ROS have a variety of molecular targets in cells, the effective cancer treatment requires understanding the potential of ROS and focusing on the characteristics of the research target such as patient's gender. Therefore, this review intends to emphasize the necessity of discussing gender specificity as a new therapeutic approach for efficient regulation of ROS considering individual specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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20
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: A Culprit for Melanocyte Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8498472. [PMID: 35103096 PMCID: PMC8800607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8498472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of pigmentation. Among various hypotheses proposed for the pathogenesis of vitiligo, oxidative stress-induced immune response that ultimately leads to melanocyte death remains most widely accepted. Oxidative stress which causes elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to dysfunction of molecules and organelles, triggering further immune response, and ultimately melanocyte death. In recent years, a variety of cell death modes have been studied, including apoptosis, autophagy and autophagic cell death, ferroptosis, and other novel modes of death, which will be discussed in this review in detail. Oxidative stress is also strongly linked to these modes of death. Under oxidative stress, ROS could induce autophagy by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway of melanocytes. However, persistent stimulation of ROS might eventually lead to excessive activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, which in turn will inactivate autophagy. Moreover, ferroptosis may be triggered by oxidative-related transcriptional production, including ARE, the positive feedback loop related to p62, and the reduced activity and expression of GPX4. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that these modes of death are involved in the oxidative stress response, and that oxidative stress also acts as an initiator for various modes of death through some complex mechanisms. In this study, we aim to summarize the role of oxidative stress in vitiligo and discuss the corresponding mechanisms of interaction between various modes of cell death and oxidative stress. These findings may provide new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of vitiligo.
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21
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Butturini E, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Carcereri de Prati A, Mariotto S, Donadelli M. Redox Sensitive Cysteine Residues as Crucial Regulators of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 Isoforms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113149. [PMID: 34831372 PMCID: PMC8618966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wild-type protein p53 plays a key role in preventing the formation of neoplasms by controlling cell growth. However, in more than a half of all cancers, the TP53 gene has missense mutations that appear during tumorigenesis. In most cases, the mutated gene encodes a full-length protein with the substitution of a single amino acid, resulting in structural and functional changes and acquiring an oncogenic role. This dual role of the wild-type protein and the mutated isoforms is also evident in the regulation of the redox state of the cell, with antioxidant and prooxidant functions, respectively. In this review, we introduce a new concept of the p53 protein by discussing its sensitivity to the cellular redox state. In particular, we focus on the discussion of structural and functional changes following post-translational modifications of redox-sensitive cysteine residues, which are also responsible for interacting with zinc ions for proper structural folding. We will also discuss therapeutic opportunities using small molecules targeting cysteines capable of modifying the structure and function of the p53 mutant isoforms in view of possible anticancer therapies for patients possessing the mutation in the TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Mariotto
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-045-8027167 (S.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-045-8027167 (S.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.)
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22
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Tang Z, Wei X, Li T, Wang W, Wu H, Dong H, Liu Y, Wei F, Shi L, Li X, Guo Z, Xiao X. Sestrin2-Mediated Autophagy Contributes to Drug Resistance via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Osteosarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722960. [PMID: 34646824 PMCID: PMC8502982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One contributor to the high mortality of osteosarcoma is its reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy, but the mechanism involved is unclear. Improving the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy is urgently needed to improve patient survival. We found that chemotherapy triggered apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo; this was accompanied by increased Sestrin2 expression. Importantly, autophagy was also enhanced with increased Sestrin2 expression. Based on this observation, we explored the potential role of Sestrin2 in autophagy of osteosarcoma. We found that Sestrin2 inhibited osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by promoting autophagy via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and this process is closely related to the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway. In addition, our study showed that low Sestrin2 expression can effectively reduce autophagy of human osteosarcoma cells after chemotherapy, increase p-mTOR expression, decrease Bcl-2 expression, promote osteosarcoma cell apoptosis, and slow down tumour progression in NU/NU mice. Sestrin2 activates autophagy by inhibiting mTOR via the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway and inhibits apoptosis via Bcl-2. Therefore, our results explain one underlying mechanism of increasing the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy and suggest that Sestrin2 is a promising gene target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghui Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yichao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feilong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Kumar S, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Lolo FN, Trionfetti F, Strippoli R, Cordani M. Autophagy and the Lysosomal System in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102752. [PMID: 34685734 PMCID: PMC8534995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the lysosomal system, together referred to as the autophagolysosomal system, is a cellular quality control network which maintains cellular health and homeostasis by removing cellular waste including protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and invading pathogens. As such, the autophagolysosomal system has roles in a variety of pathophysiological disorders, including cancer, neurological disorders, immune- and inflammation-related diseases, and metabolic alterations, among others. The autophagolysosomal system is controlled by TFEB, a master transcriptional regulator driving the expression of multiple genes, including autophagoly sosomal components. Importantly, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and control are key aspects of the physiopathological roles of the autophagolysosomal system, and may hold a key for synergistic therapeutic interventions. In this study, we reviewed our current knowledge on the biology and physiopathology of the autophagolysosomal system, and its potential for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-Á.); (F.-N.L.)
| | - Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-Á.); (F.-N.L.)
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-Á.); (F.-N.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.S.)
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8532940. [PMID: 34539975 PMCID: PMC8443364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8532940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment for cancer, cancer remains a leading cause of human deaths and brings a heavy burden to humans worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the key treatment for cancer therapy, but it produces harmful side effects. Meanwhile, the process of de novo development of new anticancer drugs generally needs increasing cost, long development cycle, and high risk of failure. The use of ROS-based repurposed drugs may be one of the promising ways to overcome current cancer treatment challenges. In this review, we briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS and then focus on the status of repurposed drugs based on ROS regulation for cancer therapy and propose the challenges and direction of ROS-mediated cancer treatment.
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25
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Gabryel B, Duszkiewicz R. Sestrins as modulators of aging processes and diseases
related to age. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are highly conserved proteins that regulate cell growth, metabolism, survival
and proliferation under oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, hypoxia or endoplasmic
reticulum stress. Sestrins affect cell signaling by inhibiting the production of reactive
oxygen species, activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting
the mTOR pathway and acting as a positive regulator of autophagy. Therefore, their protective
role against cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration
is increasingly being postulated. The article describes the mechanisms of
action of sestrins and their meaning in aging and age-related diseases. The latest studies
indicating their physiological significance and role in key signaling pathways controlling
the cell metabolism and survival under stress conditions were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Gabryel
- Zakład Farmakologii Katedry Farmakologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Roksana Duszkiewicz
- Zakład Farmakologii Katedry Farmakologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
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26
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Piochi LF, Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Sestrin2 and mitochondrial quality control: Potential impact in myogenic differentiation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101309. [PMID: 33626408 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles capable of adapting their network, morphology, and function, playing a role in oxidative phosphorylation and many cellular processes in most cell types. Skeletal muscle is a very plastic tissue, subjected to many morphological changes following diverse stimuli, such as during myogenic differentiation and regenerative myogenesis. For some time now, mitochondria have been reported to be involved in myogenesis by promoting a bioenergetic remodeling and assisting myoblasts in surviving the process. However, not much is known about the interplay between mitochondrial quality control and myogenic differentiation. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a well described regulator of autophagy and antioxidant responses and has been gaining attention due to its role in aging-associated pathologies and redox signaling promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in many tissues. Current evidence involving SESN2-associated pathways suggest that it can act as a potential regulator of mitochondrial quality control following induction by ROS under stress conditions, such as during myogenesis. Yet, there are no studies directly assessing SESN2 involvement in myogenic differentiation. This review provides novel insights pertaining the involvement of SESN2 in myogenic differentiation by analyzing the interactions between ROS and mitochondrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Piochi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivo F Machado
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Lee S, Jeong Y, Roe JS, Huh H, Paik SH, Song J. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by callyspongiolide promotes autophagy-dependent cell death. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33792534 PMCID: PMC8093938 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.4.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Callyspongiolide is a marine macrolide known to induce caspase-independent cancer cell death. While its toxic effects have been known, the mechanism leading to cell death is yet to be identified. We report that Callyspongiolide R form at C-21 (cally2R) causes mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I or II, leading to a disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and a deprivation of cellular energy. Subsequently, we observed, using electron microscopy, a drastic formation of autophagosome and mitophagy. Supporting these data, LC3, an autophagosome marker, was shown to co-localize with LAMP2, a lysosomal protein, showing autolysosome formation. RNA sequencing results indicated the induction of hypoxia and blocking of EGF-dependent pathways, which could be caused by induction of autophagy. Furthermore, mTOR and AKT pathways preventing autophagy were repressed while AMPK was upregulated, supporting autophagosome progress. Finally, the combination of cally2R with known anti-cancer drugs, such as gefitinib, sorafenib, and rapamycin, led to synergistic cell death, implicating potential therapeutic applications of callyspongiolide for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Lee
- pH Pharma Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | | | - Jaewhan Song
- pH Pharma Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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28
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Ro SH, Fay J, Cyuzuzo CI, Jang Y, Lee N, Song HS, Harris EN. SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603421. [PMID: 33425907 PMCID: PMC7794007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper timely management of various external and internal stresses is critical for metabolic and redox homeostasis in mammals. In particular, dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) triggered from metabolic stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental and genotoxic stress are well-known culprits leading to chronic metabolic disease conditions in humans. Sestrins are one of the metabolic and environmental stress-responsive groups of proteins, which solely have the ability to regulate both mTORC activity and ROS levels in cells, tissues and organs. While Sestrins are originally reported as one of several p53 target genes, recent studies have further delineated the roles of this group of stress-sensing proteins in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, and redox-function in metabolic disease and aging. In this review, we discuss recent studies that investigated and manipulated Sestrins-mediated stress signaling pathways in metabolic and environmental health. Sestrins as an emerging dynamic group of stress-sensor proteins are drawing a spotlight as a preventive or therapeutic mechanism in both metabolic stress-associated pathologies and aging processes at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Julianne Fay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Cesar I Cyuzuzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Naeun Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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29
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Kim SY, Hwangbo H, Kim MY, Ji SY, Lee H, Kim GY, Kwon CY, Leem SH, Hong SH, Cheong J, Choi YH. Coptisine induces autophagic cell death through down-regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and up-regulation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108688. [PMID: 33227289 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coptisine is isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptidis Rhizoma and is known to have potential anti-cancer activity toward various carcinomas. Targeting autophagy is one of the main approaches for cancer therapy, but whether the anti-cancer efficacy of coptisine involves autophagy is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of coptisine on autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cells, and identified the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that coptisine increased cytotoxicity and autophagic vacuoles in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expressions of light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, Beclin-1 and autophagy genes were markedly increased by coptisine, while the expression of p62 decreased. In addition, we found that pretreatment with bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, markedly reduced coptisine-mediated autophagic cell death, but 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor for autophagosome formation did not. Moreover, our results showed that although coptisine up-regulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that partially induced LC3-I/II, coptisine-mediated AMPK signaling did not directly regulate autophagic cell death. Additionally, we found that coptisine suppressed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), and this effect was notably enhanced by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Meanwhile, coptisine significantly increased both the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the recruitment of mitophagy-regulated proteins to mitochondria. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine, a potential ROS scavenger, substantially suppressed the expression of mitophagy-regulated proteins and LC3 puncta by coptisine. Overall, our results demonstrate that coptisine-mediated autophagic cell death was regulated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and mitochondrial ROS production associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these findings suggest that coptisine exerts its anti-cancer effects through induction of autophagy in HCC Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Bazhin AV. Mitochondria and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092641. [PMID: 32947892 PMCID: PMC7563473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-894-4007-3440
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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31
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Kumar A, Dhiman D, Shaha C. Sestrins: Darkhorse in the regulation of mitochondrial health and metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8049-8060. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101679. [PMID: 32818797 PMCID: PMC7451718 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and recycling of metabolic precursors. Autophagy is a major cellular defense against oxidative stress, or related conditions that cause accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles. Selective forms of autophagy can maintain organelle populations or remove aggregated proteins. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is necessary to maintain redox homeostasis. ROS activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. The cellular responses triggered by oxidative stress include the altered regulation of signaling pathways that culminate in the regulation of autophagy. Current research suggests a central role for autophagy as a mammalian oxidative stress response and its interrelationship to other stress defense systems. Altered autophagy phenotypes have been observed in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and asthma. Understanding the mechanisms by which ROS regulate autophagy will provide novel therapeutic targets for lung diseases. This review highlights our current understanding on the interplay between ROS and autophagy in the development of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alejandro E Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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33
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Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 DOI: 10.1016/jxcell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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34
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Hayes JD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Tew KD. Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:167-197. [PMID: 32649885 PMCID: PMC7439808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1219] [Impact Index Per Article: 304.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contingent upon concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence cancer evolution in apparently contradictory ways, either initiating/stimulating tumorigenesis and supporting transformation/proliferation of cancer cells or causing cell death. To accommodate high ROS levels, tumor cells modify sulfur-based metabolism, NADPH generation, and the activity of antioxidant transcription factors. During initiation, genetic changes enable cell survival under high ROS levels by activating antioxidant transcription factors or increasing NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). During progression and metastasis, tumor cells adapt to oxidative stress by increasing NADPH in various ways, including activation of AMPK, the PPP, and reductive glutamine and folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK, Scotland; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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da Silveira MA, Ferreira WAS, Amorim CKN, Brito JRN, Kayath AS, Sagica FDES, de Oliveira EHC. Meningiomas: An Overview of the Landscape of Copy Number Alterations in Samples from an Admixed Population. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3821695. [PMID: 32670372 PMCID: PMC7341374 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3821695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are considered the most common intracranial tumors, affecting mainly women. Studies in mixed populations can be of great importance to clarify issues related to the genetic diversity of tumors and their development. Considering that data obtained from analyses of the profile of copy number alterations (CNA) have been a useful diagnostic indicator for many types of tumors and that meningiomas show a complex pattern of gains and losses in the number of copies, our objective was to analyze the CNA profile in 33 samples of meningiomas of different histological grades (WHO Grade I-III) from patients in a city located in the Amazon region of Brazil, using aCGH. We found that the female to male ratio was 3 : 1. The aCGH analysis revealed a total of 2304 CNA, with an average of 69.8 ± 57.4 per case, of which 1197 were gains (52%), 926 were losses (40.2%), 105 were amplifications (4. 5%), and 76 were deletions (3.3%). A significant relationship was observed between the type of CNA and the degree of the tumor (chi-square test: χ 2 = 65,844; p < 0.0001; contingency coefficient: C = 0.1772; p < 0.0001). Evaluating the recurrent changes in at least 50% of the samples, we observe as the most frequent losses of the segments 22q13.1-q13.2 (82%), 1p35.3 (76%), and 14q13.1-q13.2 (67%), involving all histopathological grades. The analysis of these regions showed the inclusion of genes with functions such as regulation, maintenance of cell survival, reorganization of the cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and DNA repair, among others. However, overall, the profiles observed in meningiomas of this admixed population were very similar to the ones observed in Caucasian groups. An interesting finding was a recurrent gain of 8p22 observed only in grade I meningiomas, a region which includes DLC1, a suppressor candidate gene probably implicated in the developments or progression of meningiomas, usually found deleted, when related to CNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Amaral da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, ICB, UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-990, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR 316 Km 7, s/n Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, ICB, UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-990, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR 316 Km 7, s/n Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Koury Nassar Amorim
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR 316 Km 7, s/n Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - José Reginaldo Nascimento Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, NPO, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua dos Mundurucus 4487, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Salim Kayath
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Oncológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua dos Mundurucus 4487, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda do Espirito Santo Sagica
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR 316 Km 7, s/n Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenética, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, BR 316 Km 7, s/n Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-990, Brazil
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Fan X, Zeng Y, Song W, Li J, Ai S, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. The role of Sestrins in the regulation of the aging process. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cordani M, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Masetto F, Mullappilly N, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53-Associated Molecular Mechanisms of ROS Regulation in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030361. [PMID: 32111081 PMCID: PMC7175157 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic properties, referred to as gain-of-function (GOF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles as intracellular messengers, regulating numerous signaling pathways linked to metabolism and cell growth. Tumor cells frequently display higher ROS levels compared to healthy cells as a result of their increased metabolism as well as serving as an oncogenic agent because of its damaging and mutational properties. Several studies reported that in contrast with the wild type protein, mutant p53 isoforms fail to exert antioxidant activities and rather increase intracellular ROS, driving a pro-tumorigenic survival. These pro-oxidant oncogenic abilities of GOF mutant p53 include signaling and metabolic rewiring, as well as the modulation of critical ROS-related transcription factors and antioxidant systems, which lead ROS unbalance linked to tumor progression. The studies summarized here highlight that GOF mutant p53 isoforms might constitute major targets for selective therapeutic intervention against several types of tumors and that ROS enhancement driven by mutant p53 might represent an “Achilles heel” of cancer cells, suggesting pro-oxidant drugs as a therapeutic approach for cancer patients bearing the mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027281; Fax: +39-045-8027170
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Shim YS, Lee S, Park HW, Park SR. Sestrin2 Mediates IL-4-induced IgE Class Switching by Enhancing Germline ε Transcription in B Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e19. [PMID: 32395371 PMCID: PMC7192835 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a metabolic regulator, accumulates in response to a diverse array of cellular stresses. Sesn2 regulates cellular metabolism by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Recently, researchers reported that Sesn2 regulates the differentiation and function of innate immune cells and T cells; however, the role of Sesn2 in B cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Sesn2 in Ig class switching and Ig production in mouse B cells. We observed that mouse B cells express Sesn2 mRNA. Interestingly, the expression of germline ε transcripts (GLTε) was selectively decreased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Sesn2−/− splenocytes. Overexpression of Sesn2 increased GLTε promoter activity in B cells. In addition, AICAR (an activator of AMPK) selectively increased IL-4-induced GLTε expression and surface IgE (sIgE) expression in splenocytes. Furthermore, AICAR selectively enhanced IL-4-induced GLTε expression, sIgE expression, and IgE production by anti-CD40-stimulated B cells. We observed that ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE concentration was reduced in OVA-challenged Sesn2−/− mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Sesn2-AMPK signaling selectively enhances IL-4-induced IgE class switching and IgE production by B cells, suggesting that this could be a therapeutic strategy targeting Sesn2 in IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Shim
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Solji Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Pervaiz S, Bellot GL, Lemoine A, Brenner C. Redox signaling in the pathogenesis of human disease and the regulatory role of autophagy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 352:189-214. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Varol A, Thakral F, Yerer MB, Sak K, Varol M, Jain A, Khan MA, Sethi G. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements. Biomolecules 2019; 9:735. [PMID: 31766246 PMCID: PMC6920770 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Punjab, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir TR26470, Turkey;
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey;
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey;
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India;
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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