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Olszewski M, Maciejewska N, Kallingal A, Chylewska A, Dąbrowska AM, Biedulska M, Makowski M, Padrón JM, Baginski M. Palindromic carbazole derivatives: unveiling their antiproliferative effect via topoisomerase II catalytic inhibition and apoptosis induction. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2302920. [PMID: 38221785 PMCID: PMC10791108 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human DNA topoisomerases are essential for crucial cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, chromatin condensation, and maintenance of its structure. One of the significant strategies employed in cancer treatment involves the inhibition of a specific type of topoisomerase, known as topoisomerase II (Topo II). Carbazole derivatives, recognised for their varied biological activities, have recently become a significant focus in oncological research. This study assesses the efficacy of three symmetrically substituted carbazole derivatives: 2,7-Di(2-furyl)-9H-carbazole (27a), 3,6-Di(2-furyl)-9H-carbazole (36a), and 3,6-Di(2-thienyl)-9H-carbazole (36b) - as anticancer agents. Among investigated carbazole derivatives, compound 3,6-di(2-furyl)-9H-carbazole bearing two furan moieties emerged as a novel catalytic inhibitor of Topo II. Notably, 3,6-di(2-furyl)-9H-carbazole effectively selectively inhibited the relaxation and decatenation activities of Topo IIα, with minimal effects on the IIβ isoform. These findings underscore the potential of compound 3,6-Di(2-furyl)-9H-carbazole as a promising lead candidate warranting further investigation in the realm of anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M. Dąbrowska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Biedulska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Wang H, Stevens T, Lu J, Roberts A, Van't Land C, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Vockley J, Prochownik EV. Body-Wide Inactivation of the Myc-Like Mlx Transcription Factor Network Accelerates Aging and Increases the Lifetime Cancer Incidence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401593. [PMID: 38976573 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The "Mlx" and "Myc" transcription factor networks cross-communicate and share many common gene targets. Myc's activity depends upon its heterodimerization with Max, whereas the Mlx Network requires that the Max-like factor Mlx associate with the Myc-like factors MondoA or ChREBP. The current work demonstrates that body-wide Mlx inactivation, like that of Myc, accelerates numerous aging-related phenotypes pertaining to body habitus and metabolism. The deregulation of numerous aging-related Myc target gene sets is also accelerated. Among other functions, these gene sets often regulate ribosomal and mitochondrial structure and function, genomic stability, and aging. Whereas "MycKO" mice have an extended lifespan because of a lower cancer incidence, "MlxKO" mice have normal lifespans and a higher cancer incidence. Like Myc, the expression of Mlx, MondoA, and ChREBP and their control over their target genes deteriorate with age in both mice and humans. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of lifelong and balanced cross-talk between the two networks to maintain proper function and regulation of the many factors that can affect normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
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Imajima T, Shirakawa T, Ohtsu Y, Uchihashi H, Otsuka T, Akashi K, Baba E, Mitsugi K. Nutritional Status Is Associated With Physical Improvement of Palliative Cancer Patients During Cancer Rehabilitation. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2024; 4:503-509. [PMID: 38962538 PMCID: PMC11215448 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Background/Aim Physical decline is accompanied with malnutrition in advanced cancer patients, thus nutritional care is often provided with cancer rehabilitation. However, a limited number of studies have focused on which nutritional index serves as an important marker to provide more intensive nutritional support for patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed advanced cancer patients who received chemotherapy and rehabilitation during hospitalization. In analysis 1, patients were divided into two groups: a Well group with caloric intake ≥ basal metabolism, calculated by the Harris-Benedict equation, and a Poor group with caloric intake less than their basal energy expenditure. The primary endpoint was the ratio of patients whose Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) or Barthel index (BI) was maintained during rehabilitation. In analysis 2, the cohort was restratified into Responders, whose ECOG PS and BI improved, and Non-responders, comprising the remaining patients. Several nutritional indices were compared between the groups. Results Eighty-four patients were evaluated in analysis 1, namely 51 Well patients and 33 Poor patients. The ECOG PS-maintained rate was 98% and 91% (p=0.29), and the BI-maintained rate was 100% and 88% (p=0.02) in the Well and Poor groups, respectively. In analysis 2, 72 patients were evaluated after excluding 12 patients who lacked nutritional data after rehabilitation. Compared with the Responders group, caloric intake appeared worse in the Non-responders group, although their nutritional background tended to be better. Conclusion Insufficient caloric intake might be a predictive marker of poor outcomes after rehabilitation in advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Imajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sasebo Kyosai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirakawa
- Clinical Hematology Oncology Treatment Study Group, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Checkup Center, Eikoh Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohtsu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sasebo Kyosai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Uchihashi
- Department of Nutrition, Sasebo Kyosai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiga Otsuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Minato Medical Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sasebo Kyosai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Oliveira RF, Oliveira AI, Cruz AS, Ribeiro O, Afreixo V, Pimentel F. Polypharmacy and drug interactions in older patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy: associated factors. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:557. [PMID: 38918696 PMCID: PMC11201315 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy leads to increased risks of drug interactions, translating in potential hazardous health outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and severe-drug interactions (SDIs) in older patients with cancer. Antineoplastic agents (ANAs) involvement and possible risk contexts (comorbidities with cardiac risk, and high-risk medications) were also analysed. METHODS Observational study with older adults (≥ 65 years) diagnosed with cancer, who were treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs); it was conducted in three hospitals from the north of Portugal. Data collection was obtained using self-reports and medical records. DDIs were identified and classified using Micromedex® software. Descriptive and association analyze statistics were performed. Statistical hypothesis tests with p value less than 0.05 were considered significant. All statistical procedures and analysis were performed with R version 4.1.3. RESULTS We enrolled 552 patients. Polypharmacy prevalence was 88.40%; 76.45% and 56.16% of the patients presented with DDIs and SDIs, respectively. SDIs with ANAs were found in 21.20% of the patients. High-risk medications were associated with a higher risk of polypharmacy, DDIs, and SDIs. Polypharmacy and DDIs were higher in patients with hypertension or diabetes. SDIs were higher in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Polypharmacy, potential DDIs and SDIs were highly prevalent in older adults with cancer. A careful review of the medication administered is necessary to decrease it. These findings warrant further research to optimize medication in this population and decrease problems related to medication, which may lead to emergency room visits and hospitalisations, compromising patient safety and/or ongoing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita F Oliveira
- University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Health Technology and Services Researchat the Associate Laboratory RISE - Health Research Network (CINTESIS@RISE), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Oscar Ribeiro
- Center for Health Technology and Services Researchat the Associate Laboratory RISE - Health Research Network (CINTESIS@RISE), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, Portugal
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Moczeniat G, Jankowski M, Duda-Zalewska A, Gujski M. Awareness of Genitourinary Cancers Risk Factors-A 2024 Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607264. [PMID: 38974046 PMCID: PMC11224143 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method. Results Regardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39.4%) or prostate cancer (34.2%). Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (p < 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors. Conclusion This study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moczeniat
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Urology, Mazovia Hospital Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jankowski
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Barinda AJ, Hardi H, Louisa M, Khatimah NG, Marliau RM, Felix I, Fadhillah MR, Jamal AK. Repurposing effect of cardiovascular-metabolic drug to increase lifespan: a systematic review of animal studies and current clinical trial progress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373458. [PMID: 38966557 PMCID: PMC11223003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in life expectancy, aging has emerged as a significant health concern. Due to its various mechanisms of action, cardiometabolic drugs are often repurposed for other indications, including aging. This systematic review analyzed and highlighted the repositioning potential of cardiometabolic drugs to increase lifespan as an aging parameter in animal studies and supplemented by information from current clinical trial registries. Systematic searching in animal studies was performed based on PICO: "animal," "cardiometabolic drug," and "lifespan." All clinical trial registries were also searched from the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). Analysis of 49 animal trials and 10 clinical trial registries show that various cardiovascular and metabolic drugs have the potential to target lifespan. Metformin, acarbose, and aspirin are the three most studied drugs in animal trials. Aspirin and acarbose are the promising ones, whereas metformin exhibits various results. In clinical trial registries, metformin, omega-3 fatty acid, acarbose, and atorvastatin are currently cardiometabolic drugs that are repurposed to target aging. Published clinical trial results show great potential for omega-3 and metformin in healthspan. Systematic Review Registration: crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=457358, identifier: CRD42023457358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agian Jeffilano Barinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Harri Hardi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Gusti Khatimah
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rheza Meida Marliau
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Immanuel Felix
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Rizqy Fadhillah
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arief Kurniawan Jamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Woo SW, Kim M, Kang D, Choe YH, Oh SJ, You AS, Lee SL, Kim J. Genome-Wide Characterization of Somatic Mutation Patterns in Cloned Dogs Reveals Implications for Neuronal Function, Tumorigenesis, and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:801. [PMID: 38927737 PMCID: PMC11202621 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on somatic mutations in cloned animals have revealed slight genetic variances between clones and their originals, but have yet to identify the precise effects of these differences within the organism. Somatic mutations contribute to aging and are implicated in tumor development and other age-related diseases. Thus, we compared whole genome sequencing data from an original dog with that of cloned dogs, identifying candidate somatic mutations that were disproportionately located within genes previously implicated in aging. The substitutional signature of cloning-specific somatic mutations mirrored the uniform distribution characteristic of the signature associated with human aging. Further analysis of genes revealed significant enrichment of traits associated with body size as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal function and tumorigenesis. Overall, the somatic mutations found in cloned dogs may indicate a conserved mechanism driving aging across species and a broad spectrum of pathway alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Woo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Miju Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dayeon Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Are-Sun You
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.-h.C.); (S.-J.O.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-W.W.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
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Zimmitti G. Towards a Gradual Optimization of Oncologic Prognostic Factors in the Era of the Frail Patient: The Potential Role of Preoperative Inflammation and Nutritional Status. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15501-8. [PMID: 38842676 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Zimmitti
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Poliambulanza Instituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.
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9
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Chen ACY, Jaiswal S, Martinez D, Yerinde C, Ji K, Miranda V, Fung ME, Weiss SA, Zschummel M, Taguchi K, Garris CS, Mempel TR, Hacohen N, Sen DR. The aged tumor microenvironment limits T cell control of cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1033-1045. [PMID: 38745085 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The etiology and effect of age-related immune dysfunction in cancer is not completely understood. Here we show that limited priming of CD8+ T cells in the aged tumor microenvironment (TME) outweighs cell-intrinsic defects in limiting tumor control. Increased tumor growth in aging is associated with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and function. Transfer of T cells from young mice does not restore tumor control in aged mice owing to rapid induction of T cell dysfunction. Cell-extrinsic signals in the aged TME drive a tumor-infiltrating age-associated dysfunctional (TTAD) cell state that is functionally, transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct from canonical T cell exhaustion. Altered natural killer cell-dendritic cell-CD8+ T cell cross-talk in aged tumors impairs T cell priming by conventional type 1 dendritic cells and promotes TTAD cell formation. Aged mice are thereby unable to benefit from therapeutic tumor vaccination. Critically, myeloid-targeted therapy to reinvigorate conventional type 1 dendritic cells can improve tumor control and restore CD8+ T cell immunity in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Y Chen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Jaiswal
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Martinez
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cansu Yerinde
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keely Ji
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Velita Miranda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan E Fung
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shuldiner EG, Karmakar S, Tsai MK, Hebert JD, Tang YJ, Andrejka L, Wang M, Detrick CR, Cai H, Tang R, Petrov DA, Winslow MM. Aging represses lung tumorigenesis and alters tumor suppression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596319. [PMID: 38853826 PMCID: PMC11160591 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Most cancers are diagnosed in persons over the age of sixty, but little is known about how age impacts tumorigenesis. While aging is accompanied by mutation accumulation - widely understood to contribute to cancer risk - it is also associated with numerous other cellular and molecular changes likely to impact tumorigenesis. Moreover, cancer incidence decreases in the oldest part of the population, suggesting that very old age may reduce carcinogenesis. Here we show that aging represses tumor initiation and growth in genetically engineered mouse models of human lung cancer. Moreover, aging dampens the impact of inactivating many, but not all, tumor suppressor genes with the impact of inactivating PTEN, a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, weakened to a disproportionate extent. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that neoplastic cells from tumors in old mice retain many age-related transcriptomic changes, showing that age has an enduring impact that persists through oncogenic transformation. Furthermore, the consequences of PTEN inactivation were strikingly age-dependent, with PTEN deficiency reducing signatures of aging in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Our findings suggest that the relationship between age and lung cancer incidence may reflect an integration of the competing effects of driver mutation accumulation and tumor suppressive effects of aging.
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11
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Yamazaki E, Ikeda K, Urata R, Ueno D, Katayama A, Ito F, Ikegaya H, Matoba S. Endothelial CLEC-1b plays a protective role against cancer hematogenous metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149819. [PMID: 38531221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells into distant organs, is a critical determinant of prognosis in patients with cancer, and blood vessels are the major route for cancer cells to spread systemically. Extravasation is a critical process for the hematogenous metastasis; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified that senescent ECs highly express C-type lectin domain family 1 member B (CLEC-1b), and that endothelial CLEC-1b inhibits the hematogenous metastasis of a certain type of cancer. CLEC-1b expression was enhanced in ECs isolated from aged mice, senescent cultured human ECs, and ECs of aged human. CLEC-1b overexpression in ECs prevented the disruption of endothelial integrity, and inhibited the transendothelial migration of cancer cells expressing podoplanin (PDPN), a ligand for CLEC-1b. Notably, target activation of CLEC-1b in ECs decreased the hematogenous metastasis in the lungs by cancer cells expressing PDPN in mice. Our data reveal the protective role of endothelial CLEC-1b against cancer hematogenous metastasis. Considering the high CLEC-1b expression in senescent ECs, EC senescence may play a beneficial role with respect to the cancer hematogenous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekura Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Ryota Urata
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akiko Katayama
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensics Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Zhang H, Sheng S, Qiao W, Sun Y, Jin R. Nomogram built based on machine learning to predict recurrence in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with ablation. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395329. [PMID: 38800405 PMCID: PMC11116608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To analyze the risk factors affecting recurrence in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with ablation and then establish a nomogram to provide a clear and accessible representation of the patients' recurrence risk. Methods Collect demographic and clinical data of 898 early-stage HCC patients who underwent ablation treatment at Beijing You'an Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2022. Patients admitted from 2014 to 2018 were included in the training cohort, while 2019 to 2022 were in the validation cohort. Lasso and Cox regression was used to screen independent risk factors for HCC patients recurrence, and a nomogram was then constructed based on the screened factors. Results Age, gender, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, tumor size, globulin (Glob) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were finally incorporated in the nomogram for predicting the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients. We further confirmed that the nomogram has optimal discrimination, consistency and clinical utility by the C-index, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC), calibration curve and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Moreover, we divided the patients into different risk groups and found that the nomogram can effectively identify the high recurrence risk patients by the Kaplan-Meier curves. Conclusion This study developed a nomogram using Lasso-Cox regression to predict RFS in early-stage HCC patients following ablation, aiding clinicians in identifying high-risk groups for personalized follow-up treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shugui Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Qiao
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Pinto MB, Pires PC, Calhelha RC, Silva AR, Sousa MJ, Vilas-Boas M, Falcão SI, Veiga F, Makvandi P, Paiva-Santos AC. Bee Venom-Loaded Niosomes as Innovative Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Development and Therapeutical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:572. [PMID: 38794142 PMCID: PMC11123916 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite past efforts towards therapeutical innovation, cancer remains a highly incident and lethal disease, with current treatments lacking efficiency and leading to severe side effects. Hence, it is imperative to develop new, more efficient, and safer therapies. Bee venom has proven to have multiple and synergistic bioactivities, including antitumor effects. Nevertheless, some toxic effects have been associated with its administration. To tackle these issues, in this work, bee venom-loaded niosomes were developed, for cancer treatment. The vesicles had a small (150 nm) and homogeneous (polydispersity index of 0.162) particle size, and revealed good therapeutic efficacy in in vitro gastric, colorectal, breast, lung, and cervical cancer models (inhibitory concentrations between 12.37 ng/mL and 14.72 ng/mL). Additionally, they also revealed substantial anti-inflammatory activity (inhibitory concentration of 28.98 ng/mL), effects complementary to direct antitumor activity. Niosome safety was also assessed, both in vitro (skin, liver, and kidney cells) and ex vivo (hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane), and results showed that compound encapsulation increased its safety. Hence, small, and homogeneous bee venom-loaded niosomes were successfully developed, with substantial anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects, making them potentially promising primary or adjuvant cancer therapies. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential of the developed platform in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C. Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Miguel Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Soraia I. Falcão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal (M.V.-B.); (S.I.F.)
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, India
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Neagu AN, Bruno P, Johnson KR, Ballestas G, Darie CC. Biological Basis of Breast Cancer-Related Disparities in Precision Oncology Era. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4113. [PMID: 38612922 PMCID: PMC11012526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology is based on deep knowledge of the molecular profile of tumors, allowing for more accurate and personalized therapy for specific groups of patients who are different in disease susceptibility as well as treatment response. Thus, onco-breastomics is able to discover novel biomarkers that have been found to have racial and ethnic differences, among other types of disparities such as chronological or biological age-, sex/gender- or environmental-related ones. Usually, evidence suggests that breast cancer (BC) disparities are due to ethnicity, aging rate, socioeconomic position, environmental or chemical exposures, psycho-social stressors, comorbidities, Western lifestyle, poverty and rurality, or organizational and health care system factors or access. The aim of this review was to deepen the understanding of BC-related disparities, mainly from a biomedical perspective, which includes genomic-based differences, disparities in breast tumor biology and developmental biology, differences in breast tumors' immune and metabolic landscapes, ecological factors involved in these disparities as well as microbiomics- and metagenomics-based disparities in BC. We can conclude that onco-breastomics, in principle, based on genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, hormonomics, metabolomics and exposomics data, is able to characterize the multiple biological processes and molecular pathways involved in BC disparities, clarifying the differences in incidence, mortality and treatment response for different groups of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Kaya R Johnson
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Gabriella Ballestas
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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15
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Zheng ZW, Lin M, Zheng HL, Chen QY, Lin JX, Xue Z, Xu BB, Li JT, Wei LH, Zheng HH, Lin J, Wang FH, Shen LL, Li WF, Zhang LK, Huang CM, Li P. Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes After Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer in Elderly Individuals: A Propensity Score-Matching Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2679-2688. [PMID: 38142258 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic gastrectomy (RG) has been widely used to treat gastric cancer. However, whether the short-term outcomes of robotic gastrectomy are superior to those of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer has not been reported. METHODS The study enrolled of 594 elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent robotic or laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. The RG cohort was matched 1:3 with the LG cohort using propensity score-matching (PSM). RESULTS After PSM, 121 patients were included in the robot group and 363 patients in the laparoscopic group. Excluding the docking and undocking times, the operation time of the two groups was similar (P = 0.617). The RG group had less intraoperative blood loss than the LG group (P < 0.001). The time to ambulation and first liquid food intake was significantly shorter in the RG group than in the LG group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.14). Significantly more lymph nodes were dissected in the RG group than in the LG group (P = 0.001). Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was started earlier in the RG group than in the LG group (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS For elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer, RG is safe and feasible. Compared with LG, RG is associated with less intraoperative blood loss; a faster postoperative recovery time, allowing a greater number of lymph nodes to be dissected; and earlier adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tao Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Hua Wei
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu-Hai Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Shen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Kang Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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16
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Castresana-Aguirre M, Johansson A, Matikas A, Foukakis T, Lindström LS, Tobin NP. Clinically relevant gene signatures provide independent prognostic information in older breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:38. [PMID: 38454481 PMCID: PMC10921680 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of gene signatures in older breast cancer patients remains unclear. We aimed to determine signature prognostic capacity in this patient subgroup. METHODS Research versions of the genomic grade index (GGI), 70-gene, recurrence score (RS), cell cycle score (CCS), PAM50 risk-of-recurrence proliferation (ROR-P), and PAM50 signatures were applied to 39 breast cancer datasets (N = 9583). After filtering on age ≥ 70 years, and the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) and survival data, 871 patients remained. Signature prognostic capacity was tested in all (n = 871), ER-positive/lymph node-positive (ER + /LN + , n = 335) and ER-positive/lymph node-negative (ER + /LN-, n = 374) patients using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard (PH) modelling. RESULTS All signatures were statistically significant in Kaplan-Meier analysis of all patients (Log-rank P < 0.001). This significance remained in multivariable analysis (Cox-PH, P ≤ 0.05). In ER + /LN + patients all signatures except PAM50 were significant in Kaplan-Meier analysis (Log-rank P ≤ 0.05) and remained so in multivariable analysis (Cox-PH, P ≤ 0.05). In ER + /LN- patients all except RS were significant in Kaplan-Meier analysis (Log-rank P ≤ 0.05) but only the 70-gene, CCS, ROR-P, and PAM50 signatures remained so in multivariable analysis (Cox-PH, P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that gene signatures provide prognostic information in survival analyses of all, ER + /LN + and ER + /LN- older (≥ 70 years) breast cancer patients, suggesting a potential role in aiding treatment decisions in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Castresana-Aguirre
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Johansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Center, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexios Matikas
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda S Lindström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bisht S, Mao Y, Easwaran H. Epigenetic dynamics of aging and cancer development: current concepts from studies mapping aging and cancer epigenomes. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:82-92. [PMID: 38441107 PMCID: PMC10939788 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review emphasizes the role of epigenetic processes as incidental changes occurring during aging, which, in turn, promote the development of cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Aging is a complex biological process associated with the progressive deterioration of normal physiological functions, making age a significant risk factor for various disorders, including cancer. The increasing longevity of the population has made cancer a global burden, as the risk of developing most cancers increases with age due to the cumulative effect of exposure to environmental carcinogens and DNA replication errors. The classical 'somatic mutation theory' of cancer cause is being challenged by the observation that multiple normal cells harbor cancer driver mutations without resulting in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of age-associated epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, which occur across all cell types and tissues with advancing age. There is an increasing body of evidence linking these changes with cancer risk and prognosis. SUMMARY A better understanding about the epigenetic changes acquired during aging is critical for comprehending the mechanisms leading to the age-associated increase in cancer and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bisht
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dong M, Jin Y, Lin X, Wang S, Shen P. Meta-analysis on the impact of immune senescence: Unravelling the interplay in cutaneous wound healing and lung cancer progression. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14756. [PMID: 38339818 PMCID: PMC10858335 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to provide the comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation that existed between immune senescence and its effects on the advancement of lung cancer as well as recovery of cutaneous wounds. By conducting this systematic review of six rigorous studies utilizing databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, this research examined the multitude of facets pertaining to immune aging and consequences it bear on the health outcomes. The incorporated studies encompassed wide range of geographical and methodological viewpoints, with the specific emphasis on non-small-cell lung cancer and diverse scenarios related to wound recovery. This analysis synthesized discoveries regarding therapeutic responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms and impact of lifestyle factors on immune senescence. The findings suggested that immune senescence has substantial impact on the effectiveness of treatments for lung cancer and cutaneous wounds healing process; therefore, targeted therapies and holistic approaches may be able to mitigate these effects. By following the revised PRISMA guidelines, this meta-analysis guarantee thorough and ethically sound methodology for amalgamating pre-existing literature. The study concluded by emphasizing the critical nature of comprehending immune senescence in the context of clinical practice and proposed avenues for further investigation to enhance health results among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Dong
- Department of GeriatricsThe first people's hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of GeriatricsThe first people's hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineThe first people's hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of BurnThe first people's hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
| | - Peihong Shen
- Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineThe first people's hospital of WenlingWenlingChina
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19
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Conde-Torres D, Blanco-González A, Seco-González A, Suárez-Lestón F, Cabezón A, Antelo-Riveiro P, Piñeiro Á, García-Fandiño R. Unraveling lipid and inflammation interplay in cancer, aging and infection for novel theranostic approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1320779. [PMID: 38361953 PMCID: PMC10867256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1320779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The synergistic relationships between Cancer, Aging, and Infection, here referred to as the CAIn Triangle, are significant determinants in numerous health maladies and mortality rates. The CAIn-related pathologies exhibit close correlations with each other and share two common underlying factors: persistent inflammation and anomalous lipid concentration profiles in the membranes of affected cells. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the most pertinent interconnections within the CAIn Triangle, in addition to examining the relationship between chronic inflammation and specific lipidic compositions in cellular membranes. To tackle the CAIn-associated diseases, a suite of complementary strategies aimed at diagnosis, prevention, and treatment is proffered. Our holistic approach is expected to augment the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these diseases and highlight the potential of shared features to facilitate the development of novel theranostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conde-Torres
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alexandre Blanco-González
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- MD.USE Innovations S.L., Edificio Emprendia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Seco-González
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fabián Suárez-Lestón
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- MD.USE Innovations S.L., Edificio Emprendia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabezón
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Antelo-Riveiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-Fandiño
- Organic Chemistry Department, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Tavares e Silva J, Pessoa J, Nóbrega-Pereira S, Bernardes de Jesus B. The Impact of Long Noncoding RNAs in Tissue Regeneration and Senescence. Cells 2024; 13:119. [PMID: 38247811 PMCID: PMC10814083 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming senescence with tissue engineering has a promising impact on multiple diseases. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies in which cellular senescence was inhibited through the up/downregulation of specific lncRNAs. This approach prevented senescence in the bones, joints, nervous system, heart, and blood vessels, with a potential impact on regeneration and the prevention of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, as well as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Senescence of the skin and liver could also be prevented through the regulation of cellular levels of specific lncRNAs, resulting in the rejuvenation of cells from these organs and their potential protection from disease. From these exciting achievements, which support tissue regeneration and are not restricted to stem cells, we propose lncRNA regulation through RNA or gene therapies as a prospective preventive and therapeutic approach against aging and multiple aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.T.e.S.); (J.P.); (S.N.-P.)
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21
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Paul T, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Therapeutic Approaches to Increase the Survival Rate of Cancer Patients in the Younger and Older Population. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:16-30. [PMID: 38062658 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098241507231127114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Various developments have been observed in the treatment of cancer patients, such as higher survival rates and better treatment outcomes. However, expecting similar outcomes in older patients remains a challenge. The main reason for this conclusion is the exclusion of older people from clinical trials for cancer drugs, as well as other factors, such as comorbidity, side effects, age-related frailties and their willingness to undergo multiple treatments. However, the discovery of new techniques and drug combinations has led to a significant improvement in the survival of the elderly population after the onset of the disease. On the other hand, cancer treatments have not become more complex for the younger population when compared to the older population, as the younger population tends to respond well to treatment trials and their physiological conditions are stable in response to treatments. In summary, this review correlates recent cancer treatment strategies and the corresponding responses and survival outcomes of older and younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharrun Paul
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu, India
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Joseph J, Sandel G, Kulkarni R, Alatrash R, Herrera BB, Jain P. Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS. Pathogens 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38251321 PMCID: PMC10821063 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, notably viruses, can cause or increase the risk of cancer occurrences. These agents often disrupt normal cellular functions, promote uncontrolled proliferation and growth, and trigger chronic inflammation, leading to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancer cases in humans are associated with an infectious pathogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes seven viruses as direct oncogenic agents, including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Most viruses linked to increased cancer risk are typically transmitted through contact with contaminated body fluids and high-risk behaviors. The risk of infection can be reduced through vaccinations and routine testing, as well as recognizing and addressing risky behaviors and staying informed about public health concerns. Numerous strategies are currently in pre-clinical phases or undergoing clinical trials for targeting cancers driven by viral infections. Herein, we provide an overview of risk factors associated with increased cancer incidence in people living with HIV (PLWH) as well as other chronic viral infections, and contributing factors such as aging, toxicity from ART, coinfections, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we highlight both antibody- and cell-based strategies directed against virus-induced cancers while also emphasizing approaches aimed at discovering cures or achieving complete remission for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Grace Sandel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Reem Alatrash
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (R.A.); (B.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (R.A.); (B.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
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Anwar MR, Yeretzian ST, Ayala AP, Matosyan E, Breunis H, Bote K, Puts M, Habib MH, Li Q, Sahakyan Y, Alibhai SMH, Abrahamyan L. Effectiveness of geriatric assessment and management in older cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1483-1496. [PMID: 37738290 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and multimorbidity among older cancer patients affect treatment tolerance and efficacy. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and management is recommended to optimize cancer treatment, but its effect on various outcomes remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cost-effectiveness studies comparing comprehensive geriatric assessment (with or without implementation of recommendations) to usual care in older cancer patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane trials from inception to January 27, 2023, for RCTs and cost-effectiveness studies. Pooled estimates for outcomes were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 19 full-text articles representing 17 RCTs were included. Average participant age was 72-80 years, and 31%-62% were female. Comprehensive geriatric assessment type, mode of delivery, and evaluated outcomes varied across studies. Meta-analysis revealed no difference in risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 1.08. 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 1.29), hospitalization (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.77 to 1.10), early treatment discontinuation (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.19), initial dose reduction (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.26), and subsequent dose reduction (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.09). However, the risk of treatment toxicity was statistically significantly lower in the comprehensive geriatric assessment group (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.86). No cost-effectiveness studies were identified. CONCLUSION Compared with usual care, comprehensive geriatric assessment was not associated with a difference in risk of mortality, hospitalization, treatment discontinuation, and dose reduction but was associated with a lower risk of treatment toxicity indicating its potential to optimize cancer treatment in this population. Further research is needed to evaluate cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rashidul Anwar
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ana Patricia Ayala
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Henriette Breunis
- Department of Supportive Care, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathyrin Bote
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martine Puts
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Qixuan Li
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yeva Sahakyan
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shabbir M H Alibhai
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lusine Abrahamyan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Klotz LO, Carlberg C. Nutrigenomics and redox regulation: Concepts relating to the Special Issue on nutrigenomics. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102920. [PMID: 37839954 PMCID: PMC10624588 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During our whole lifespan, from conception to death, the epigenomes of all tissues and cell types of our body integrate signals from the environment. This includes signals derived from our diet and the uptake of macro- and micronutrients. In most cases, this leads only to transient changes, but some effects of this epigenome programming process are persistent and can even be transferred to the next generation. Both epigenetic programming and redox processes are affected by the individual choice of diet and other lifestyle decisions like physical activity. The nutrient-gene communication pathways have adapted during human evolution and are essential for maintaining health. However, when they are maladaptive, such as in long-term obesity, they significantly contribute to diseases like type 2 diabetes and cancer. The field of nutrigenomics investigates nutrition-related signal transduction pathways and their effect on gene expression involving interactions both with the genome and the epigenomes. Several of these diet-(epi)genome interactions and the involved signal transduction cascades are redox-regulated. Examples include the effects of the NAD+/NADH ratio, vitamin C levels and secondary metabolites of dietary molecules from plants on the acetylation and methylation state of the epigenome as well as on gene expression through redox-sensitive pathways via the transcription factors NFE2L2 and FOXO. In this review, we summarize and extend on these topics as well as those discussed in the articles of this Special Issue and take them into the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics Section, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-10-748, Olsztyn, Poland; School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Li D, Ju F, Wang H, Fan C, Jacob JC, Gul S, Zaliani A, Wartmann T, Polidori MC, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Combination of the biomarkers for aging and cancer? - Challenges and current status. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101783. [PMID: 37716258 PMCID: PMC10514562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of patients diagnosed with cancer has been shown to rise with the increasing aging global population. Advanced age is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults. As individuals experience varying health statuses, particularly with age, it poses a challenge for medical professionals in the cancer field to obtain standardized treatment outcomes. Hence, relying solely on chronological age and disease-related parameters is inadequate for clinical decision-making for elderly patients. With functional, multimorbidity-related, and psychosocial changes that occur with aging, oncologic diseases may develop and be treated differently from younger patients, leading to unique challenges in treatment efficacy and tolerance. To overcome this challenge, personalized therapy using biomarkers has emerged as a promising solution. Various categories of biomarkers, including inflammatory, hematological, metabolic, endocrine, and DNA modification-related indicators, may display features related to both cancer and aging, aiding in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for patients with cancer in old age. Furthermore, physical functional measurements as non-molecular phenotypic biomarkers are being investigated for their potential complementary role in structured multidomain strategies to combat age-related diseases such as cancer. This review provides insight into the current developments, recent discoveries, and significant challenges in cancer and aging biomarkers, with a specific focus on their application in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Li
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfu Fan
- Medical faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, d-22525 Hamburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg Site, Schnackenburgallee 114, d-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, d-22525 Hamburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg Site, Schnackenburgallee 114, d-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress-Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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Kristensen NM, Mortensen FV, Kirkegård J. Impact of prior cancer diagnosis on pancreatic cancer outcomes: A Danish Nationwide, population-based Cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102452. [PMID: 37734141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains low, underlining the need of further research to improve PC directed therapy. Some patients with PC may have experienced a prior cancer, refraining them from inclusion in clinical trials, despite not knowing the precise effect of a prior cancer on disease course of PC. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of prior cancer on the disease course in patients with PC. METHODS We conducted a cohort study including Danish patients diagnosed with PC between 2004 and 2020 crosslinking data from the Danish Cancer Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry among several other databases. Using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, we calculated the overall and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) disease stage stratified survival, comparing patients with and without prior cancer. Furthermore, using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), we presented a covariate-adjusted model of the average treatment effect in the treated (ATT) of prior cancer on the overall PC survival and stratified for AJCC disease stage. RESULTS We included 11,147 patients diagnosed with PC, of which 906 (8.1%) had a prior cancer. Comparing patients with and without prior cancer, the IPTW-adjusted survival, indicated a slightly better survival (ATT: 1.5 months; 95% CI: 0.7; 2.2 months). After stratifying by PC tumor stage, the difference was restricted to patients with stage IV PC disease (ATT: 1.1 months; 95% CI: 0.5; 1.7 months). Patients with prior cancer were slightly less prone to present with stage IV PC disease and were more likely to not receive active treatment compared with patients without prior cancer. CONCLUSION Prior cancer was associated with a slightly better survival in patients with PC, but only in patients with stage IV PC disease. This is likely explained by lead time bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolai Malte Kristensen
- Department of Surgery, HPB Section; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Frank Viborg Mortensen
- Department of Surgery, HPB Section; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kirkegård
- Department of Surgery, HPB Section; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ke P, Xie J, Xu T, Chen M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Qiu H, Wu D, Zeng Z, Chen S, Bao X. Identification of a venetoclax-resistance prognostic signature base on 6-senescence genes and its clinical significance for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1302356. [PMID: 38098504 PMCID: PMC10720639 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1302356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Satisfactory responses can be obtained for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated by Venetoclax (VEN)-based therapy. However, there are still quite a few AML patients (AMLs) resistant to VEN, and it is critical to understand whether VEN-resistance is regulated by senescence. Methods Here, we established and validated a signature for predicting AML prognosis based on VEN resistance-related senescence genes (VRSGs). In this study, 51 senescence genes were identified with VEN-resistance in AML. Using LASSO algorithms and multiple AML cohorts, a VEN-resistance senescence prognostic model (VRSP-M) was developed and validated based on 6-senescence genes. Results According to the median score of the signature, AMLs were classified into two subtypes. A worse prognosis and more adverse features occurred in the high-risk subtype, including older patients, non-de novo AML, poor cytogenetics, adverse risk of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 recommendation, and TP53 mutation. Patients in the high-risk subtype were mainly involved in monocyte differentiation, senescence, NADPH oxidases, and PD1 signaling pathway. The model's risk score was significantly associated with VEN-resistance, immune features, and immunotherapy response in AML. In vitro, the IC50 values of ABT-199 (VEN) rose progressively with increasing expression of G6PD and BAG3 in AML cell lines. Conclusions The 6-senescence genes prognostic model has significant meaning for the prediction of VEN-resistance, guiding personalized molecularly targeted therapies, and improving AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yusha Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiebing Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang H, Stevens T, Lu J, Roberts A, Land CV, Muzumdar R, Gong Z, Vockley J, Prochownik EV. The Myc-Like Mlx Network Impacts Aging and Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.26.568749. [PMID: 38076995 PMCID: PMC10705233 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.26.568749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The "Mlx" and "Myc" Networks share many common gene targets. Just as Myc's activity depends upon its heterodimerization with Max, the Mlx Network requires that the Max-like factor Mlx associate with the Myc-like factors MondoA or ChREBP. We show here that body-wide Mlx inactivation, like that of Myc, accelerates numerous aging-related phenotypes pertaining to body habitus and metabolism. The deregulation of numerous aging-related Myc target gene sets is also accelerated. Among other functions, these gene sets often regulate ribosomal and mitochondrial structure and function, genomic stability and aging. Whereas "MycKO" mice have an extended lifespan because of a lower cancer incidence, "MlxKO" mice have normal lifespans and a somewhat higher cancer incidence. Like Myc, Mlx, MondoA and ChREBP expression and that of their target genes, deteriorate with age in both mice and humans, underscoring the importance of life-long and balanced cross-talk between the two Networks to maintain normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Taylor Stevens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Alexander Roberts
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC
- The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. 15224
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29
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Naganuma H, Ishida H. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Fibrotic Liver: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3426. [PMID: 37998562 PMCID: PMC10670297 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a non-fibrotic liver (F0) is considered to be rare, and there is a marked paucity of studies in the literature on this HCC type. A review of the literature shows some important clinical and tumor characteristics: (a) it occurs mainly in young female and elder male patients; (b) clinically, under normal hepatic function, alpha-fetoprotein level is often normal, and there are no risk factors; (c) associated with metabolic disease; (d) macroscopically, single large lesions are noted; and (e) microscopically, the lesions are well-differentiated and encapsulated. Radiological imaging results are straightforward, showing arterial hyperenhancement and later wash-out. The combined use of B-mode and contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasound (US) is the most reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. Few peri-and post-operative complications are noted and 5-year survival is not inferior to patients with HCC on fibrosis liver despite the lesion's large size. Most clinicians believe that HCC is unlikely to occur if patients have no symptoms and normal hepatic function. Although detailed clinical data are very limited, we expect that this review will help to improve the clinical management of HCC in non-fibrotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokote Municipal Hospital, Negishi-cho 5-31, Yokote City 013-8602, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Kamikitate Saruta aza Naeshirosawa 222-1, Akita City 010-1495, Japan
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30
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Nadal E, Oré-Arce M, Remon J, Bernabé-Caro R, Covela-Rúa M, de Castro-Carpeño J, Massutí-Sureda B, Guillot-Morales M, Majem M, Maestu-Maiques I, Morilla-Ruíz I, Gironés R. Expert consensus to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3139-3151. [PMID: 37566345 PMCID: PMC10514135 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is associated with ageing, with the average age of affected individuals being approximately 70 years. However, despite a higher incidence and prevalence among older people, the older adult population is underrepresented in clinical trials. For LC with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations, there is no clear association of this mutation with age. Geriatric assessments (GAs) and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for defining the optimal treatment. In this consensus, a group of experts selected from the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sección de Oncogeriatría de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica-SEOM), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (Grupo Español de Cáncer de Pulmón-GECP) and the Association for Research on Lung Cancer in Women (Asociación para la Investigación del Cáncer de Pulmón en Mujeres-ICAPEM) evaluate the scientific evidence currently available and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced LC with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynals University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín Oré-Arce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marina Baixa de Villajoyosa Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Medical Oncology, HM Nou Delfos Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé-Caro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla University, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Covela-Rúa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lucus Augusti University Hospital, Lugo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Margarita Majem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Idoia Morilla-Ruíz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Navarra University Hospital-NavarraBioMed, IdisNa, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Regina Gironés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Polytechnic la Fe University Hospital, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Valencia Spain
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Weintraub J, Kaeberlein M, Perissinotto C, Atchison K, Chen X, D’Souza R, Feine J, Ghezzi E, Kirkwood K, Ryder M, Slashcheva L, Touger-Decker R, Wu B, Kapila Y. Geroscience: Aging and Oral Health Research. Adv Dent Res 2023; 31:2-15. [PMID: 37933846 PMCID: PMC10767691 DOI: 10.1177/08959374231200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Research in aging has significantly advanced; scientists are now able to identify interventions that slow the biologic aging processes (i.e., the "hallmarks of aging"), thus delaying the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including oral conditions. Presentations given during the 3-part session "Geroscience: Aging and Oral Health Research," held during the 2023 American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research meeting, are summarized in this publication. Speakers' topics spanned the translational research spectrum. Session 1 provided an overview of the geroscience and health span (disease-free and functional health throughout life) concepts. The common molecular mechanisms between oral cancer and aging were discussed, and research was presented that showed periodontal microflora as a potential factor in Alzheimer's disease progression. Session 2 focused on behavioral and social science aspects of aging and their oral health significance. The keynote provided evidence that loneliness and isolation can have major health effects. These social conditions, along with poor oral health, tooth loss, and cognitive decline, could potentially affect healthy eating ability and systemic health in older adults. Research could help elucidate the directions and pathways connecting these seemingly disparate conditions. Session 3 focused on the delivery of oral care in different settings and the many barriers to access care faced by older adults. Research is needed to identify and implement effective technology and strategies to improve access to dental care, including new delivery and financing mechanisms, workforce models, interprofessional provider education and practice, and use of big data from medical-dental integration of electronic health records. Research to improve the "oral health span," reduce oral health disparities, and increase health equity must be tackled at all levels from biologic pathways to social determinants of health and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Weintraub
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C. Perissinotto
- Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K.A. Atchison
- Section of Public and Population Health, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X. Chen
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - J.S. Feine
- Population Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - E.M. Ghezzi
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K.L. Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L.D. Slashcheva
- Apple Tree Dental, Research Director, Innovations Team, Corporate Office, Fergus Falls, MN, USA
| | - R. Touger-Decker
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, School of Health Professions, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - B. Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y. Kapila
- Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kim ME, Lee JS. Immune Diseases Associated with Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15584. [PMID: 37958564 PMCID: PMC10647753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in immune function, thereby causing an increased susceptibility to various diseases. Herein, we review immune diseases associated with aging, focusing on tumors, atherosclerosis, and immunodeficiency disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are discussed, highlighting telomere shortening, tissue inflammation, and altered signaling pathways, e.g., the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as key contributors to immune dysfunction. The role of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in driving chronic tissue inflammation and disruption has been examined. Our review underscores the significance of targeting tissue inflammation and immunomodulation for treating immune disorders. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and novel approaches, e.g., probiotics and polyphenols, are discussed. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive T-cell therapy, has been explored for its potential to enhance immune responses in older populations. A comprehensive analysis of immune disorders associated with aging and underlying molecular mechanisms provides insights into potential treatment strategies to alleviate the burden of these conditions in the aging population. The interplay among immune dysfunction, chronic tissue inflammation, and innovative therapeutic approaches highlights the importance of elucidating these complex processes to develop effective interventions to improve the quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
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McEntee CM, Cavalier AN, LaRocca TJ. ADAR1 suppression causes interferon signaling and transposable element transcript accumulation in human astrocytes. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1263369. [PMID: 38035265 PMCID: PMC10685929 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1263369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exact causes of age- and AD-related neuroinflammation are incompletely understood. One potential modulator of neuroinflammation is the enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), which regulates the accumulation of endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a pro-inflammatory/innate immune activator. However, the role of ADAR1 and its transcriptomic targets in astrocytes, key mediators of neuroinflammation, have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we knock down ADAR1 in primary human astrocytes via siRNA transfection and use transcriptomics (RNA-seq) to show that this results in: (1) increased expression of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and (2) an accumulation of transposable element (TE) transcripts with the potential to form dsRNA. We also show that our findings may be clinically relevant, as ADAR1 gene expression declines with brain aging and AD in humans, and this is associated with a similar increase in TE transcripts. Together, our results suggest an important role for ADAR1 in preventing pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes in response to endogenous dsRNA with aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali M. McEntee
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Cavalier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Zhong F, Yang Y, Yao F, Liu J, Yu X, Wang XL, Huang B, Wang XZ. Identification of cellular senescence-related signature for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response of acute myeloid leukemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11217-11226. [PMID: 37845004 PMCID: PMC10637797 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is closely related to the occurrence, development, and immune regulation of cancer. However, the predictive value of cellular senescence-related signature in clinical outcome and treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unexplored. By analyzing the expression profile of cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) in AML samples in the TCGA database, we found that cellular senescence is closely related to the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of AML patients, and compared with normal samples, the overall expression level of senescent inducing genes in AML samples was down-regulated, while inhibitory genes were up-regulated. The risk score model further constructed and verified based on CSRGs could be used as an independent prognostic predictor for AML patients, and the overall survival (OS) of high-risk patients was significantly shortened. The area under ROC curve (AUC) values for the prediction of 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.759, 0.749, and 0.806, respectively. In addition, patients with high-risk scores are more sensitive to treatment with cytarabine and may benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In conclusion, our results suggest that the cellular senescence-related signature is a strong biomarker of immunotherapy response and prognosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiajing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin-Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Pinker I, Pilleron S. Attitudes of healthcare professionals in treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e077628. [PMID: 37821141 PMCID: PMC10582975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of older adults with cancer is increasing worldwide. These patients' unique care needs, arising from comorbidity, polypharmacy and frailty, often necessitate healthcare professionals (HCPs) to rely on their own attitudes and assumptions to a greater extent when making decisions due to limited evidence. Differences in patient and HCP attitudes can impact treatment decisions and patient outcomes. There is limited research, however, on HCP attitudes in treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer. This scoping review aims to explore the attitudes of HCPs in treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The electronic databases PubMed, Elsevier Embase, Medline (from Embase) and EBSCO CINAHL Complete will be searched on 4 July 2023 to identify eligible studies based on the developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. No restrictions on study period, geography or language will be applied. Screening and data extraction will be completed independently by teams of two reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. The review findings will be presented as tables and in a narrative summary.This scoping review follows the framework of Arksey and O'Malley with the Levac extension. Data extraction and analysis will be performed to identify patterns and gaps in the literature to provide an overview of the attitudes of HCPs in treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is needed. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences, providing insights to improve treatment decision-making for older adults with cancer and guide future interventions for HCPs in geriatric oncology. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registered on Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/T7FD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Pinker
- Ageing, Cancer and Disparities Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Pilleron
- Ageing, Cancer and Disparities Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Karolczak K, Watala C. Estradiol as the Trigger of Sirtuin-1-Dependent Cell Signaling with a Potential Utility in Anti-Aging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13753. [PMID: 37762053 PMCID: PMC10530977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging entails the inevitable loss of the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues during the lifetime. It is a highly hormone-dependent process; although, the exact mechanism of hormone involvement, including sex hormones, is unclear. The marked suppression of estradiol synthesis during menopause suggests that the hormone may be crucial in maintaining cell lifespan and viability in women. Recent studies also indicate that the same may be true for men. Similar anti-aging features are attributed to sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which may possibly be linked at the molecular level with estradiol. This finding may be valuable for understanding the aging process, its regulation, and possible prevention against unhealthy aging. The following article summarizes the initial studies published in this field with a focus on age-associated diseases, like cancer, cardiovascular disease and atherogenic metabolic shift, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and muscle damage, as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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Wang Y, Dai L, Huang R, Li W, Wu W. Prognosis signature for predicting the survival and immunotherapy response in esophageal carcinoma based on cellular senescence-related genes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203351. [PMID: 37664030 PMCID: PMC10470646 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence occurs throughout life and can play beneficial roles in a variety of physiological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair, and tumor suppression. However, the relationship between cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) and immunotherapy in esophageal carcinoma (ECa) remains poorly defined. Methods The data set used in the analysis was retrieved from TCGA (Research Resource Identifier (RRID): SCR_003193), GEO (RRID: SCR_005012), and CellAge databases. Data processing, statistical analysis, and diagram formation were conducted in R software (RRID: SCR_001905) and GraphPad Prism (RRID: SCR_002798). Based on CSRGs, we used the TCGA database to construct a prognostic signature for ECa and then validated it in the GEO database. The predictive efficiency of the signature was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Cox regression analysis, nomogram, and calibration curves. According to the median risk score derived from CSRGs, patients with ECa were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Immune infiltration and immunotherapy were also analyzed between the two risk groups. Finally, the hub genes of the differences between the two risk groups were identified by the STRING (RRID: SCR_005223) database and Cytoscape (RRID: SCR_003032) software. Results A six-gene risk signature (DEK, RUNX1, SMARCA4, SREBF1, TERT, and TOP1) was constructed in the TCGA database. Patients in the high-risk group had a worse overall survival (OS) was disclosed by survival analysis. As expected, the signature presented equally prognostic significance in the GSE53624 cohort. Next, the Area Under ROC Curve (AUC=0.854) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR=3.381, 2.073-5.514, P<0.001) also proved that the risk signature has a high predictive ability. Furthermore, we can more accurately predict the prognosis of patients with ECa by nomogram constructed by risk score. The result of the TIDE algorithm showed that ECa patients in the high-risk group had a greater possibility of immune escape. At last, a total of ten hub genes (APOA1, MUC5AC, GC, APOA4, AMBP, FABP1, APOA2, SOX2, MUC8, MUC17) between two risk groups with the highest interaction degrees were identified. By further analysis, four hub genes (APOA4, AMBP, FABP1, and APOA2) were related to the survival differences of ECa. Conclusions Our study reveals comprehensive clues that a novel signature based on CSRGs may provide reliable prognosis prediction and insight into new therapy for patients with ECa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Longfei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bukkuri A, Adler FR. Mathematical Modeling of Field Cancerization through the Lens of Cancer Behavioral Ecology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552382. [PMID: 37609179 PMCID: PMC10441298 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Field cancerization is a process in which a normal tissue is replaced with pre-cancerous but histologically normal tissue. This transformed field can give rise to malignancy and contribute to tumor relapse. In this paper, we create a mathematical model of field cancerization from the perspective of cancer behavioral ecology. In our model, field cancerization arises from a breakdown in signaling integrity and control, and investigate implications for acute wounding, chronic wounding, aging, and therapeutic interventions. We find that restoration of communication networks can lead to cancer regression in the context of acute injury. Conversely, long term loss of controls, such as through chronic wounding or aging, can promote oncogenesis. These results are paralleled in therapeutic interventions: those that simply target cells in cancerous states may be less effective than those that reestablish signaling integrity. Viewing cancer as a corruption of communication systems rather than as a corruption of individual cells may lead to novel approaches for understanding and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Bukkuri
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Frederick R Adler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Tufail M, Wu C. Cancer Statistics in Pakistan From 1994 to 2021: Data From Cancer Registry. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2200142. [PMID: 37450777 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries. METHODS This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer statistics in Pakistan from 1994 to 2021, including incidence and patterns. RESULTS The total number of patients with malignant neoplasm was 111,941, and the number of patients registered was 109,863. Most patients were from Punjab (67.6%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (20.2%). Breast cancer (22.2%), colorectum cancer (5.6%), leukemia (5.3%), lip and oral cavity cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.1%) were the top five prevalent cancers in all age groups and sexes. Breast (24.2%), colorectum (6.2%), lip and oral cavity (5.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.4%), and prostate cancers (4.0%) were most common in adults in both sexes. In both sexes, the most common cancers among children were Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (19.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11.6%), osteosarcoma (7.0%), and retinoblastoma (6.2%). Breast (45.9%), ovary and uterine adnexa (4.9%), lip and oral cavity (4.2%), cervix uteri (4.0%), and colorectum cancers (3.9%) were most common in adult females. In adult males, colorectum cancer (8.7%), prostate cancer (8.5%), lip and oral cavity cancer (7.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%), and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers were the top five most common malignancies. CONCLUSION It has been found that breast cancer, colorectum cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and bone cancer rates are among the highest in Pakistan. This information may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Traxler L, Lucciola R, Herdy JR, Jones JR, Mertens J, Gage FH. Neural cell state shifts and fate loss in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:434-443. [PMID: 37268723 PMCID: PMC10478103 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease onset, with human biological ageing being the primary risk factor. In response to acute cellular damage and external stimuli, somatic cells undergo state shifts characterized by temporal changes in their structure and function that increase their resilience, repair cellular damage, and lead to their mobilization to counteract the pathology. This basic cell biological principle also applies to human brain cells, including mature neurons that upregulate developmental features such as cell cycle markers or glycolytic reprogramming in response to stress. Although such temporary state shifts are required to sustain the function and resilience of the young human brain, excessive state shifts in the aged brain might result in terminal fate loss of neurons and glia, characterized by a permanent change in cell identity. Here, we offer a new perspective on the roles of cell states in sustaining health and counteracting disease, and we examine how cellular ageing might set the stage for pathological fate loss and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of neuronal state and fate shifts might provide the means for a controlled manipulation of cell fate to promote brain resilience and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lucciola
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Herdy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Tufail M, Wu C. Exploring the Burden of Cancer in Pakistan: An Analysis of 2019 Data. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:333-343. [PMID: 37185935 PMCID: PMC10272049 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a growing burden in Pakistan in recent times, posing a significant cause for concern. The World Health Organization has reported a steady increase in the incidence of cancer in Pakistan. According to the present study, breast cancer (24.1%), oral cavity (9.6%), colorectum (4.9%), esophagus (4.2%), and liver cancer (3.9%) were the five most prevalent cancers. Males were more likely to have oral cavity cancer (14.9%), colorectum cancer (6.8%), liver cancer (6.4%), prostate cancer (6.0%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In women (41.6%), breast (6.9%), oral cavity (5.5%), cervix (4.7%), and uterus cancer (4.1%) were the most common cancers. Middle-aged people (43.0%) were most likely to develop cancer, followed by seniors (30.0%) and adults (20.0%). Children and adolescents were most likely to develop cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), leukemia (18.7%), and Hodgkin (17.3%), followed by breast, oral cavity, colorectum, and prostate at other ages. Most patients were from Punjab (40.4%) and Sindh (32.2%). Approximately 30.0% of patients were diagnosed at stage III and stage IV. In terms of registered cases, breast cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and liver cancer are among the highest. In the future, this information may prove useful for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Al Khamees M, Alqurain AA, Alsaleh AA, Alhashem YA, AlSaffar N, Alibrahim NN, Aljunibi FA, Alradwan Z, Almohammade N, AlAlwan B. Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and its Association With Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Compared to Postmenopausal Women in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231172589. [PMID: 37223318 PMCID: PMC10201173 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231172589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential cofactor needed for normal functions of various enzymes and its depletion lead to increase DNA damage, genomic instability, deteriorate innate, adaptive immunity, and promote tumor development. It is also linked to tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells through enhancing mammary tumor growth and metastasis. There is insufficient data describing this association in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and its association with breast cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women referred for breast cancer screening center in Al Ahsa, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Age, hemoglobin level, iron level, history of anemia, or iron deficiency were collected from patients' medical records. The included participants were grouped based on their age into premenopausal (<50 years) or postmenopausal (⩾50 years). The definition of low Hb implemented (Hb below 12 g/dL) and low total serum Iron levels (below 8 μmol/L). Logistic regression test was used to compute the association between having a positive cancer screening test (radiological or histocytological) and participant's lab results. The results are presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Thrree hundred fifty-seven women were included, 77% (n = 274) of them were premenopausal. This group cases had more history of iron deficiency (149 [60%] vs 25 (30%), P = .001) compared to those in the postmenopausal group. The risk of having a positive radiological cancer screening test was associated with age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06), but negatively was associated with iron level (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.86-0.97) among the entire cohort. This study is the first to propose an association between iron deficiency and breast cancer among Saudi young females. This could suggest iron level as a new risk factor that may be used by clinicians to assess breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Khamees
- Clinical Laboratory Department, King
Fahad Hospital Hoffuf, Hoffuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen A Alqurain
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed
Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Alsaleh
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Alhashem
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida AlSaffar
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura N Alibrahim
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fardus A Aljunibi
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheda Alradwan
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesreen Almohammade
- Foundation Year Department, Mohammed
Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader AlAlwan
- Medical Laboratory Science Department,
Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Mak JKL, McMurran CE, Kuja-Halkola R, Hall P, Czene K, Jylhävä J, Hägg S. Clinical biomarker-based biological aging and risk of cancer in the UK Biobank. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02288-w. [PMID: 37120669 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a clear link between aging and cancer, there has been inconclusive evidence on how biological age (BA) may be associated with cancer incidence. METHODS We studied 308,156 UK Biobank participants with no history of cancer at enrolment. Using 18 age-associated clinical biomarkers, we computed three BA measures (Klemera-Doubal method [KDM], PhenoAge, homeostatic dysregulation [HD]) and assessed their associations with incidence of any cancer and five common cancers (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and melanoma) using Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS A total of 35,426 incident cancers were documented during a median follow-up of 10.9 years. Adjusting for common cancer risk factors, 1-standard deviation (SD) increment in the age-adjusted KDM (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.05), age-adjusted PhenoAge (1.09, 1.07-1.10), and HD (1.02, 1.01-1.03) was significantly associated with a higher risk of any cancer. All BA measures were also associated with increased risks of lung and colorectal cancers, but only PhenoAge was associated with breast cancer risk. Furthermore, we observed an inverse association between BA measures and prostate cancer, although it was attenuated after removing glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose from the BA algorithms. CONCLUSIONS Advanced BA quantified by clinical biomarkers is associated with increased risks of any cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K L Mak
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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del Rio Hernandez CE, Campbell LJ, Atkinson PH, Munkacsi AB. Network Analysis Reveals the Molecular Bases of Statin Pleiotropy That Vary with Genetic Background. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0414822. [PMID: 36946734 PMCID: PMC10100750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many approved drugs are pleiotropic: for example, statins, whose main cholesterol-lowering activity is complemented by anticancer and prodiabetogenic mechanisms involving poorly characterized genetic interaction networks. We investigated these using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic model, where most genetic interactions known are limited to the statin-sensitive S288C genetic background. We therefore broadened our approach by investigating gene interactions to include two statin-resistant genetic backgrounds: UWOPS87-2421 and Y55. Networks were functionally focused by selection of HMG1 and BTS1 mevalonate pathway genes for detection of genetic interactions. Networks, multilayered by genetic background, were analyzed for key genes using network centrality (degree, betweenness, and closeness), pathway enrichment, functional community modules, and Gene Ontology. Specifically, we found modification genes related to dysregulated endocytosis and autophagic cell death. To translate results to human cells, human orthologues were searched for other drug targets, thus identifying candidates for synergistic anticancer bioactivity. IMPORTANCE Atorvastatin is a highly successful drug prescribed to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease in millions of people. Though much of its effect comes from inhibiting a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, genes in this pathway interact with genes in other pathways, resulting in 15% of patients suffering painful muscular side effects and 50% having inadequate responses. Such multigenic complexity may be unraveled using gene networks assembled from overlapping pairs of genes that complement each other. We used the unique power of yeast genetics to construct genome-wide networks specific to atorvastatin bioactivity in three genetic backgrounds to represent the genetic variation and varying response to atorvastatin in human individuals. We then used algorithms to identify key genes and their associated FDA-approved drugs in the networks, which resulted in the distinction of drugs that may synergistically enhance the known anticancer activity of atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintya E. del Rio Hernandez
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lani J. Campbell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul H. Atkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abbasi Sourki P, Pourfathollah AA, Kaviani S, Soufi Zomorrod M, Ajami M, Wollenberg B, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A. The profile of circulating extracellular vesicles depending on the age of the donor potentially drives the rejuvenation or senescence fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112142. [PMID: 36921675 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood donor age has become a major concern due to the age-associated variations in the content and concentration of circulating extracellular nano-sized vesicles (EVs), including exosomes. These EVs mirror the state of their parental cells and transfer it to the recipient cells via biological messengers such as microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Since the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is potentially affected by the miRs of plasma-derived EVs, a better understanding of the content of EVs is important for the safety and efficacy perspectives in blood transfusion medicine. Herein, we investigated whether the plasma-derived EVs of young (18-25 years) and elderly human donors (45-60 years) can deliver "youth" or "aging" signals into human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived HSCs in vitro. The results showed that EVs altered the growth functionality and differentiation of HSCs depending on the age of the donor from which they are derived. EVs of young donors could ameliorate the proliferation and self-renewal potential of HSCs whereas those of aged donors induced senescence-associated differentiation in the target cells, particularly toward the myeloid lineage. These findings were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and microarray profiling of genes related to stemness (e.g., SOX-1, Nanog) and differentiation (e.g., PU-1). The results displayed an up-regulation of miR-29 and miR-96 and a down-regulation of miR-146 in EVs derived from elderly donors. The higher expression of miR-29 and miR-96 contributed to the diminished expression of CDK-6 and CDKN1A (p21), promoting senescence fate via cell growth suppression, while the lower expression of miR-146 positively regulates TRAF-6 expression to accelerate biological aging. Our findings reveal that plasma-derived EVs from young donors can reverse the aging-associated changes in HSCs, while vice versa, the EVs from elderly donors rather promote the senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Abbasi Sourki
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Cell Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ajami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität München and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Feng DC, Zhu WZ, Shi X, Xiong Q, You J, Wei Q, Yang L. Identification of senescence-related molecular subtypes and key genes for prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:223-229. [PMID: 36124532 PMCID: PMC10069687 DOI: 10.4103/aja202258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified distinct senescence-related molecular subtypes and critical genes among prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT). We conducted all analyses using R software and its suitable packages. Twelve genes, namely, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), pleiotrophin (PTN), family with sequence similarity 107 member A (FAM107A), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1), leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2), cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member (ALDH2), were eventually used to subtype PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE116918, and the molecular subtypes showed good correlations with clinical features. In terms of the tumor immune environment (TME) analysis, compared with cluster 1, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) scored significantly higher, while endothelial cells scored lower in cluster 2 in TCGA database. There was a statistically significant correlation between both CAFs and endothelial cells with biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival for PCa patients undergoing RP. For the GSE116918 database, cluster 2 had significantly lower levels of CAFs and tumor purity and higher levels of stromal, immune, and Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) scores than cluster 1; in addition, patients with high levels of CAFs, stromal scores, immune scores, and ESTIMATE scores and low levels of tumor purity tended to suffer from BCR. Based on the median of differentially expressed checkpoints, high expression of CD96, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in GSE116918 and high expression of CD160 and tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 18 (TNFSF18) in TCGA database were associated with a significantly higher risk of BCR than their counterparts. In conclusion, we first constructed distinct molecular subtypes and critical genes for PCa patients undergoing RP or RT from the fresh perspective of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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A Systematic Review on the Potential Acceleration of Neurocognitive Aging in Older Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041215. [PMID: 36831557 PMCID: PMC9954467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As survival rates increase, more emphasis has gone to possible cognitive sequelae in older cancer patients, which could be explained by accelerated brain aging. In this review, we provide a complete overview of studies investigating neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and neurodegenerative disorders in older cancer survivors (>65 years), based on three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science and Medline). Ninety-six studies were included. Evidence was found for functional and structural brain changes (frontal regions, basal ganglia, gray and white matter), compared to healthy controls. Cognitive decline was mainly found in memory functioning. Anti-hormonal treatments were repeatedly associated with cognitive decline (tamoxifen) and sometimes with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (androgen deprivation therapy). Chemotherapy was inconsistently associated with later development of cognitive changes or dementia. Radiotherapy was not associated with cognition in patients with non-central nervous system cancer but can play a role in patients with central nervous system cancer, while neurosurgery seemed to improve their cognition in the short-term. Individual risk factors included cancer subtypes (e.g., brain cancer, hormone-related cancers), treatment (e.g., anti-hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, cranial radiation), genetic predisposition (e.g., APOE, COMT, BDNF), age, comorbidities (e.g., frailty, cognitive reserve), and psychological (e.g., depression, (post-traumatic) distress, sleep, fatigue) and social factors (e.g., loneliness, limited caregiver support, low SES). More research on accelerated aging is required to guide intervention studies.
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Zhang HS, Choi DW, Kim HS, Kang HJ, Jhang H, Jeong W, Nam CM, Park S. Increasing disparities in the proportions of active treatment and 5-year overall survival over time by age groups among older patients with gastric cancer in Korea. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1030565. [PMID: 36699910 PMCID: PMC9869046 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose As older patients with gastric cancer increase in Korea, no consensus indicative of anti-cancer treatment exists for the oldest old (age 85+). We investigated potential disparities in the proportion of surgery-including active treatment and the degree of survival improvement over time by age groups, and whether heterogeneity exists in the protective effect of time period on overall survival (OS) by age at diagnosis clusters. Materials and methods A nationwide cohort (N = 63,975) of older patients with gastric cancer (age at diagnosis 70+) in 2005-2012 were followed until the end of 2018. Patients were categorized into four time period groups by their year of diagnosis. Cancer treatment patterns and 5-year OS were analyzed accordingly, and a random coefficients Cox model with random intercepts and random slopes of time period by age at diagnosis clusters was employed. Results The mean age of patients was 76.4, and 60.4% were males. Most patients had 0-1 comorbidities (73.3%) and low-risk frailty scores (74.2%). Roughly two-thirds of patients received some form of anti-cancer treatment (62.4%), and while the number of comorbidities and the proportion of high-risk frailty scores trended toward an increase, the proportion of patients receiving anti-cancer treatment increased from 58% in 2005-2006 to 69.6% in 2011-2012. The proportion of surgery-including active treatment increased to over 70% in the 70-74 years old group, while stagnating at 10% in the 90+ years old group. Differences in the slope of 5-year OS improvement resulted in a widening survival gap between the old (age 70-84) and the oldest old. The protective effect of time period on OS hazard in the oldest old was not monotonically reduced with increasing "chronological" age but varied quite randomly, especially among female patients. Conclusion Our study showed no upper age limit in terms of benefiting from the advances in the detection and treatment of gastric cancer over time. Thus, "functional" age rather than "chronological" age should be the criterion for anti-cancer screening and treatment, and actual implementation of proven treatments in the oldest old patients to reduce their non-compliance with treatment in clinical practice is needed to improve gastric cancer survival for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Choi
- Data Link and Operations Team, Cancer Big-Data Center, National Cancer Center, National Cancer Control Institute, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyol Jhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjeong Jeong
- Cancer Knowledge and Information Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Sohee Park ✉
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The Role of SOX Transcription Factors in Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010851. [PMID: 36614288 PMCID: PMC9821406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for eternal youth and immortality is as old as humankind. Ageing is an inevitable physiological process accompanied by many functional declines that are driving factors for age-related diseases. Stem cell exhaustion is one of the major hallmarks of ageing. The SOX transcription factors play well-known roles in self-renewal and differentiation of both embryonic and adult stem cells. As a consequence of ageing, the repertoire of adult stem cells present in various organs steadily declines, and their dysfunction/death could lead to reduced regenerative potential and development of age-related diseases. Thus, restoring the function of aged stem cells, inducing their regenerative potential, and slowing down the ageing process are critical for improving the health span and, consequently, the lifespan of humans. Reprograming factors, including SOX family members, emerge as crucial players in rejuvenation. This review focuses on the roles of SOX transcription factors in stem cell exhaustion and age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, visual deterioration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and age-related cancers. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing and the roles of SOX transcription factors in this process could open new avenues for developing novel strategies that will delay ageing and prevent age-related diseases.
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Mishra S, Raval M, Kachhawaha AS, Tiwari BS, Tiwari AK. Aging: Epigenetic modifications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:171-209. [PMID: 37019592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most complex and irreversible health conditions characterized by continuous decline in physical/mental activities that eventually poses an increased risk of several diseases and ultimately death. These conditions cannot be ignored by anyone but there are evidences that suggest that exercise, healthy diet and good routines may delay the Aging process significantly. Several studies have demonstrated that Epigenetics plays a key role in Aging and Aging-associated diseases through methylation of DNA, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Comprehension and relevant alterations in these epigenetic modifications can lead to new therapeutic avenues of age-delaying contrivances. These processes affect gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair, comprehending epigenetics as a key factor in understanding Aging and developing new avenues for delaying Aging, clinical advancements in ameliorating aging-related diseases and rejuvenating health. In the present article, we have described and advocated the epigenetic role in Aging and associated diseases.
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