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Spoormans K, Struelens L, Vermeulen K, De Saint-Hubert M, Koole M, Crabbé M. The Emission of Internal Conversion Electrons Rather Than Auger Electrons Increased the Nucleus-Absorbed Dose for 161Tb Compared with 177Lu with a Higher Dose Response for [ 161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 Than for [ 161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.124.267873. [PMID: 39209546 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data have shown that 161Tb-labeled peptides targeting the somatostatin receptor are therapeutically more effective for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy than are their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. To further substantiate this enhanced therapeutic effect, we performed cellular dosimetry to quantify the absorbed dose to the cell nucleus and compared dose-response curves to evaluate differences in relative biological effectiveness in vitro. Methods: CA20948 cell survival was assessed after treatment with [161Tb]Tb- and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE (agonist) and with [161Tb]Tb- and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3 (antagonist) via a clonogenic assay. Cell binding, internalization, and dissociation assays were performed up to 7 d to acquire time-integrated activity coefficients. Separate S values for each type of particle emission (Auger/internal conversion [IC] electrons and β- particles) were computed via Monte Carlo simulations, while considering spheric cells. Once the absorbed dose to the cell nucleus was calculated, survival curves were fitted to the appropriate linear or linear-quadratic model and corresponding relative biological effectiveness was evaluated. Results: Although the radiopeptide uptake was independent of the radionuclide, [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE and [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 delivered a 3.6 and 3.8 times higher dose to the nucleus, respectively, than their 177Lu-labeled counterparts on saturated receptor binding. This increased nucleus-absorbed dose was mainly due to the additional emission of IC and not Auger electrons by 161Tb. When activity concentrations were considered, both [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE and [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 showed a lower survival fraction than did labeling with 177Lu. When the absorbed dose to the nucleus was considered, no significant difference could be observed between the dose-response curves for [161Tb]Tb- and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 showed a linear-quadratic dose response, whereas [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE showed only a linear dose response within the observed dose range, suggesting additional cell membrane damage by Auger electrons. Conclusion: The IC, rather than Auger, electrons emitted by 161Tb resulted in a higher absorbed dose to the cell nucleus and lower clonogenic survival for [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE and [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 than for the 177Lu-labeled analogs. In contrast, [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE showed no higher dose response than [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE, whereas for [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 an additional quadratic response was observed. Because of this quadratic response, potentially caused by cell membrane damage, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 is a more effective radiopeptide than [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE for labeling with 161Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Spoormans
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium; and
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium; and
| | - Koen Vermeulen
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium; and
| | | | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Crabbé
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium; and
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Buteau JP, Kostos L, Alipour R, Jackson P, McInstosh L, Emmerson B, Haskali MB, Xie J, Medhurst E, Ravi R, Gonzalez BD, Fettke H, Blyth B, Furic L, Owen K, Sandhu S, Murphy DG, Azad AA, Hofman MS. Clinical Trial Protocol for VIOLET: A Single-Center, Phase I/II Trial Evaluation of Radioligand Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with [ 161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:1231-1238. [PMID: 38991752 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA is an effective class of therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, progression is inevitable. The limited durability of response may be partially explained by the presence of micrometastatic deposits, which are energy-sheltered and receive low absorbed radiation with 177Lu due to the approximately 0.7-mm mean pathlength. 161Tb has abundant emission of Auger and conversion electrons that deposit a higher concentration of radiation over a shorter path, particularly to single tumor cells and micrometastases. 161Tb has shown in vitro and in vivo efficacy superior to that of 177Lu. We aim to demonstrate that [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T will deliver effective radiation to sites of metastatic prostate cancer with an acceptable safety profile. Methods: This single-center, single-arm, phase I/II trial will recruit 30 patients with mCRPC. Key eligibility criteria include a diagnosis of mCRPC with progression after at least one line of taxane chemotherapy (unless medically unsuitable) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitor; prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive disease on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT (SUVmax ≥ 20); no sites of discordance on [18F]FDG PET/CT; adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of no more than 2, and no prior treatment with another radioisotope. The dose escalation is a 3 + 3 design to establish the safety of 3 prespecified activities of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T (4.4, 5.5, and 7.4 GBq). The maximum tolerated dose will be defined as the highest activity level at which a dose-limiting toxicity occurs in fewer than 2 of 6 participants. The dose expansion will include 24 participants at the maximum tolerated dose. Up to 6 cycles of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T will be administered intravenously every 6 wk, with each subsequent activity reduced by 0.4 GBq. The coprimary objectives are to establish the maximum tolerated dose and safety profile (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0) of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T. Secondary objectives include measuring absorbed radiation dose (Gy), evaluating antitumor activity (prostate-specific antigen 50% response rate, radiographic and prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate), and evaluating pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form) and health-related quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Radionuclide Therapy). Conclusion: Enrollment was completed in February 2024. Patients are still receiving [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Buteau
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Kostos
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Alipour
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Price Jackson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan McInstosh
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brittany Emmerson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Radiopharmaceutical Production and Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Medhurst
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajeev Ravi
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian D Gonzalez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Heidi Fettke
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Luc Furic
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Katie Owen
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wharton L, McNeil SW, Zhang C, Engudar G, Van de Voorde M, Zeisler J, Koniar H, Sekar S, Yuan Z, Schaffer P, Radchenko V, Ooms M, Kunz P, Bénard F, Yang H. Preclinical evaluation of MC1R targeting theranostic pair [ 155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [ 161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108925. [PMID: 38796924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted radionuclide therapy is established as a highly effective strategy for the treatment of metastatic tumors; however, the co-development of suitable imaging companions to therapy remains significant challenge. Theranostic isotopes of terbium (149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb, 161Tb) have the potential to provide chemically identical radionuclidic pairs, which collectively encompass all modes of nuclear decay relevant to nuclear medicine. Herein, we report the first radiochemistry and preclinical studies involving 155Tb- and 161Tb-labeled crown-αMSH, a small peptide-based bioconjugate suitable for targeting melanoma. METHODS 155Tb was produced via proton induced spallation of Ta targets using the isotope separation and acceleration facility at TRIUMF with isotope separation on-line (ISAC/ISOL). The radiolabeling characteristics of crown-αMSH with 155Tb and/or 161Tb were evaluated by concentration-dependence radiolabeling studies, and radio-HPLC stability studies. LogD7.4 measurements were obtained for [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH. Competitive binding assays were undertaken to determine the inhibition constant for [natTb]Tb-crown-αMSH in B16-F10 cells. Pre-clinical biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies of 155Tb and 161Tb labeled crown-αMSH were undertaken in male C57Bl/6 J mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors to evaluate tumor specific uptake and imaging potential for each radionuclide. RESULTS Quantitative radiolabeling of crown-αMSH with [155Tb]Tb3+ and [161Tb]Tb3+ was demonstrated under mild conditions (RT, 10 min) and low chelator concentrations; achieving high molar activities (23-29 MBq/nmol). Radio-HPLC studies showed [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH maintains excellent radiochemical purity in human serum, while gradual metabolic degradation is observed in mouse serum. Competitive binding assays showed the high affinity of [natTb]Tb-crown-αMSH toward MC1R. Two different methods for preparation of the [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH radiotracer were investigated and the impacts on the biodistribution profile in tumor bearing mice is compared. Preclinical in vivo studies of 155Tb- and 161Tb- labeled crown-αMSH were performed in parallel, in mice bearing B16-F10 tumors; where the biodistribution results showed similar tumor specific uptake (6.06-7.44 %IA/g at 2 h pi) and very low uptake in nontarget organs. These results were further corroborated through a series of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies, with [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH showing comparable uptake profiles and excellent image contrast. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies highlight the promising characteristics of [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH as theranostic pair for nuclear imaging (155Tb) and radionuclide therapy (161Tb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scott W McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gokce Engudar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Helena Koniar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sathiya Sekar
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, 4145 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Peter Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Mattana F, Muraglia L, Barone A, Colandrea M, Saker Diffalah Y, Provera S, Cascio AS, Omodeo Salè E, Ceci F. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer: History, Combination Therapies, Trials, and Future Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1643. [PMID: 38730595 PMCID: PMC11083597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the development of PET/CT radiopharmaceuticals, targeting the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA), changed the management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients thanks to its higher diagnostic accuracy in comparison with conventional imaging both in staging and in recurrence. Alongside molecular imaging, PSMA was studied as a therapeutic agent targeted with various isotopes. In 2021, results from the VISION trial led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 as a novel therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and set the basis for a radical change in the future perspectives of PCa treatment and the history of Nuclear Medicine. Despite these promising results, primary resistance in patients treated with single-agent [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 remains a real issue. Emerging trials are investigating the use of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in combination with other PCa therapies in order to cover the multiple oncologic resistance pathways and to overcome tumor heterogeneity. In this review, our aim is to retrace the history of PSMA-targeted therapy from the first preclinical studies to its future applications in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mattana
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Muraglia
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Humanitas IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio Barone
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Marzia Colandrea
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Yasmina Saker Diffalah
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Silvia Provera
- Division of Pharmacy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (E.O.S.)
| | - Alfio Severino Cascio
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Emanuela Omodeo Salè
- Division of Pharmacy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (E.O.S.)
| | - Francesco Ceci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.S.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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McIntosh L, Jackson P, Emmerson B, Buteau JP, Alipour R, Kong G, Hofman MS. Quantitative calibration of Tb-161 SPECT/CT in view of personalised dosimetry assessment studies. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38372952 PMCID: PMC10876500 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbium-161 (161Tb)-based radionuclide therapy poses an alternative to current Lutetium-177 (177Lu) approaches with the additional benefit of secondary Auger and conversion electron emissions capable of delivering high doses of localised damage to micro-metastases including single cells. Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography, paired with computed tomography (SPECT/CT), enables quantitative measurement from post-therapy imaging. In view of dosimetry extrapolations, a Tb-161 sensitivity SPECT/CT camera calibration was performed using a method previously validated for 177Lu. METHODS Serial imaging of a NEMA/IEC body phantom with Tb-161 was performed on SPECT/CT with low-energy high-resolution collimators employing a photopeak of 75 keV with a 20% width. Quantitative stability and recovery coefficients were investigated over a sequence of 19 scans with buffered 161Tb solution at total phantom activity ranging from 70 to 4990 MBq. RESULTS Sphere recovery coefficients were 0.60 ± 0.05, 0.52 ± 0.07, 0.45 ± 0.07, 0.39 ± 0.07, 0.28 ± 0.08, and 0.20 ± 0.08 for spheres 37, 28, 22, 17, 13, and 10mm, respectively, when considered across all activity and scan durations with dual-energy window scatter correction. Whole-field reconstructed sensitivity was calculated as 1.42E-5 counts per decay. Qualitatively, images exhibited no visual artefacts and were comparable to 177Lu SPECT/CT. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative SPECT/CT of 161Tb is feasible over a range of activities enabling dosimetry analogous to 177Lu whilst also producing suitable imaging for clinical review. This has been incorporated into a prospective trial of 161Tb-PSMA for men with metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan McIntosh
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Price Jackson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brittany Emmerson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James P Buteau
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramin Alipour
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace Kong
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Van Laere C, Koole M, Deroose CM, de Voorde MV, Baete K, Cocolios TE, Duchemin C, Ooms M, Cleeren F. Terbium radionuclides for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine: from atom to bedside. Theranostics 2024; 14:1720-1743. [PMID: 38389843 PMCID: PMC10879862 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium features four clinically interesting radionuclides for application in nuclear medicine: terbium-149, terbium-152, terbium-155, and terbium-161. Their identical chemical properties enable the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals with the same pharmacokinetic character, while their distinctive decay characteristics make them valuable for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In particular, terbium-152 and terbium-155 are useful candidates for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, respectively; whereas terbium-149 and terbium-161 find application in α- and β--/Auger electron therapy, respectively. This unique characteristic makes the terbium family ideal for the "matched-pair" principle of theranostics. In this review, the advantages and challenges of terbium-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside administration. It elaborates on the fundamental properties of terbium, the production routes of the four interesting radionuclides and gives an overview of the available bifunctional chelators. Finally, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies as well as the prospects of this promising development in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Van Laere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M. Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baete
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas E. Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Verburg FA, de Blois E, Koolen S, Konijnenberg MW. Replacing Lu-177 with Tb-161 in DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617 therapy: potential dosimetric implications for activity selection. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:69. [PMID: 37947917 PMCID: PMC10638215 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the dosimetric effect of substituting Lu-177 with Tb-161 in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) using the registered tracers DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617. METHODS Using established kinetic data for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, radiation absorbed doses to typical tumour lesion as well as non-target tissues ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE: kidneys, spleen and liver, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: kidneys, liver and salivary glands) were calculated for Lu-177 and Tb-161. RESULTS For both DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617, the substitution of Lu-177 with Tb-161 results in an increase in the delivered dose per unit of activity to tumour tissue by 40%. If an equivalent non-target delivered dose is strived for in order not to increase toxicity, based on kidney absorbed dose, 7400 MBq Lu-177 per cycle should be substituted with 5400 MBq Tb-161 for DOTA-TATE and 5300 MBq of Tb-161 for PSMA-617. CONCLUSION When substituting Lu-177 with Tb-161, activity conversion is necessary in order not to exceed non-target dose limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik A Verburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Koolen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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DaSilva J, Decristoforo C, Mach RH, Bormans G, Carlucci G, Al-Qahtani M, Duatti A, Gee AD, Szymanski W, Rubow S, Hendrikx J, Yang X, Jia H, Zhang J, Caravan P, Yang H, Zeevaart JR, Rodriquez MA, Oliveira RS, Zubillaga M, Sakr T, Spreckelmeyer S. Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 37889361 PMCID: PMC10611660 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biannual highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development. MAIN BODY This selection of highlights provides commentary on 21 different topics selected by each coauthoring Editorial Board member addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first-in-human application of novel radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION Trends in radiochemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted. Hot topics cover the entire scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry, demonstrating the progress in the research field in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Yang
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Peter Caravan
- Massuchusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Santos Oliveira
- Brazilian Association of Radiopharmacy Brazil, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission - Nuclear Engineering Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tamer Sakr
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Tschan VJ, Busslinger SD, Bernhardt P, Grundler PV, Zeevaart JR, Köster U, van der Meulen NP, Schibli R, Müller C. Albumin-Binding and Conventional PSMA Ligands in Combination with 161Tb: Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Preclinical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1625-1631. [PMID: 37442604 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The favorable decay characteristics of 161Tb attracted the interest of clinicians in using this novel radionuclide for radioligand therapy (RLT). 161Tb decays with a similar half-life to 177Lu, but beyond the emission of β--particles and γ-rays, 161Tb also emits conversion and Auger electrons, which may be particularly effective to eliminate micrometastases. The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetry and therapeutic efficacy of 161Tb and 177Lu in tumor-bearing mice using SibuDAB and PSMA-I&T, which differ in their blood residence time and tumor uptake. Methods: [161Tb]Tb-SibuDAB and [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T were evaluated in vitro and investigated in biodistribution, imaging, and therapy studies using PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice. The 177Lu-labeled counterparts served for dose calculations and comparison of therapeutic efficacy. The tolerability of RLT in mice was monitored on the basis of body mass, blood plasma parameters, blood cell counts, and the histology of relevant organs and tissues. Results: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands, irrespective of whether labeled with 161Tb or 177Lu, showed similar in vitro data and comparable tissue distribution profiles. As a result of the albumin-binding properties, [161Tb]Tb/[177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB had an enhanced blood residence time and higher tumor uptake (62%-69% injected activity per gram at 24 h after injection) than [161Tb]Tb/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T (30%-35% injected activity per gram at 24 h after injection). [161Tb]Tb-SibuDAB inhibited tumor growth more effectively than [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T, as can be ascribed to its 4-fold increased absorbed tumor dose. At any of the applied activities, the 161Tb-based radioligands were therapeutically more effective than their 177Lu-labeled counterparts, as agreed with the approximately 40% increased tumor dose of 161Tb compared with that of 177Lu. Under the given experimental conditions, no obvious adverse events were observed. Conclusion: The data of this study indicate the promising potential of 161Tb in combination with SibuDAB for RLT of prostate cancer. Future clinical studies using 161Tb-based RLT will shed light on a potential clinical benefit of 161Tb over 177Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane J Tschan
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sarah D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institution of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Brits, South Africa
| | | | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland;
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Larouze A, Alcocer-Ávila M, Morgat C, Champion C, Hindié E. Membrane and Nuclear Absorbed Doses from 177Lu and 161Tb in Tumor Clusters: Effect of Cellular Heterogeneity and Potential Benefit of Dual Targeting-A Monte Carlo Study. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1619-1624. [PMID: 37321819 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early use of targeted radionuclide therapy to eradicate tumor cell clusters and micrometastases might offer cure. However, there is a need to select appropriate radionuclides and assess the potential impact of heterogeneous targeting. Methods: The Monte Carlo code CELLDOSE was used to assess membrane and nuclear absorbed doses from 177Lu and 161Tb (β--emitter with additional conversion and Auger electrons) in a cluster of 19 cells (14-μm diameter, 10-μm nucleus). The radionuclide distributions considered were cell surface, intracytoplasmic, or intranuclear, with 1,436 MeV released per labeled cell. To model heterogeneous targeting, 4 of the 19 cells were unlabeled, their position being stochastically determined. We simulated situations of single targeting, as well as dual targeting, with the 2 radiopharmaceuticals aiming at different targets. Results: 161Tb delivered 2- to 6-fold higher absorbed doses to cell membranes and 2- to 3-fold higher nuclear doses than 177Lu. When all 19 cells were targeted, membrane and nuclear absorbed doses were dependent mainly on radionuclide location. With cell surface location, membrane absorbed doses were substantially higher than nuclear absorbed doses, both with 177Lu (38-41 vs. 4.7-7.2 Gy) and with 161Tb (237-244 vs. 9.8-15.1 Gy). However, when 4 cells were not targeted by the cell surface radiopharmaceutical, the membranes of these cells received on average only 9.6% of the 177Lu absorbed dose and 2.9% of the 161Tb dose, compared with a cluster with uniform cell targeting, whereas the impact on nuclear absorbed doses was moderate. With an intranuclear radionuclide location, the nuclei of unlabeled cells received only 17% of the 177Lu absorbed dose and 10.8% of the 161Tb dose, compared with situations with uniform targeting. With an intracytoplasmic location, nuclear and membrane absorbed doses to unlabeled cells were one half to one quarter those obtained with uniform targeting, both for 177Lu and for 161Tb. Dual targeting was beneficial in minimizing absorbed dose heterogeneities. Conclusion: To eradicate tumor cell clusters, 161Tb may be a better candidate than 177Lu. Heterogeneous cell targeting can lead to substantial heterogeneities in absorbed doses. Dual targeting was helpful in reducing dose heterogeneity and should be explored in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larouze
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - Mario Alcocer-Ávila
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - Clément Morgat
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5287, INCIA, Talence, France; and
| | - Christophe Champion
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France;
| | - Elif Hindié
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5287, INCIA, Talence, France; and
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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11
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Müller C, van der Meulen NP, Schibli R. Opportunities and potential challenges of using terbium-161 for targeted radionuclide therapy in clinics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3181-3184. [PMID: 37436459 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Deshayes E, Fersing C, Thibault C, Roumiguie M, Pourquier P, Houédé N. Innovation in Radionuclide Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancers: Radiochemical Perspective and Recent Therapeutic Practices. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3133. [PMID: 37370743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents the second cause of death by cancer in males in western countries. While early-stage diseases are accessible to surgery and/or external radiotherapy, advanced metastatic prostate cancers are primarily treated with androgen deprivation therapy, to which new generation androgen receptor antagonists or taxane-based chemotherapies are added in the case of tumor relapse. Nevertheless, patients become invariably resistant to castration with a median survival that rarely exceeds 3 years. This fostered the search for alternative strategies, independent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. In this line, radionuclide therapies may represent an interesting option as they could target either the microenvironment of sclerotic bone metastases with the use of radiopharmaceuticals containing samarium-153, strontium-89 or radium-223 or tumor cells expressing the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein found at the surface of prostate cancer cells. This review gives highlights the chemical properties of radioligands targeting prostate cancer cells and recapitulates the clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of radionuclide therapies, alone or in combination with other approved treatments, in patients with castration-resistant prostate tumors. It discusses some of the encouraging results obtained, especially the benefit on overall survival that was reported with [177Lu]-PSMA-617. It also addresses the specific requirements for the use of this particular class of drugs, both in terms of medical staff coordination and adapted infrastructures for efficient radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Deshayes
- INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP Centre, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Roumiguie
- Urology Department, Andrology and Renal Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Houédé
- INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute de Cancérologie du Gard-CHU Caremeau, 30009 Nîmes, France
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13
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Favaretto C, Grundler PV, Talip Z, Landolt S, Sepini L, Köster U, Müller C, Schibli R, Geistlich S, van der Meulen NP. 161Tb-DOTATOC Production Using a Fully Automated Disposable Cassette System: A First Step Toward the Introduction of 161Tb into the Clinic. J Nucl Med 2023:jnumed.122.265268. [PMID: 37201956 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
161Tb is an interesting radionuclide for application in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms' small metastases and single cancer cells because of its conversion and Auger-electron emission. Tb has coordination chemistry similar to that of Lu; therefore, like 177Lu, it can stably radiolabel DOTATOC, one of the leading peptides used for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, 161Tb is a recently developed radionuclide that has not yet been specified for clinical use. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to characterize and specify 161Tb and to develop a protocol for the synthesis and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with a fully automated process conforming to good-manufacturing-practice guidelines, in view of its clinical use. Methods: 161Tb, produced by neutron irradiation of 160Gd in high-flux reactors followed by radiochemical separation from its target material, was characterized regarding its radionuclidic purity, chemical purity, endotoxin level, and radiochemical purity (RCP) in analogy to what is described in the European Pharmacopoeia for no-carrier-added 177Lu. In addition, 161Tb was introduced into a fully automated cassette-module synthesis to produce 161Tb-DOTATOC, as used for 177Lu-DOTATOC. The quality and stability of the produced radiopharmaceutical in terms of identity, RCP, and ethanol and endotoxin content were assessed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and an endotoxin test, respectively. Results: 161Tb produced under the described conditions showed, as the no-carrier-added 177Lu, a pH of 1-2, radionuclidic purity and RCP of more than 99.9%, and an endotoxin level below the permitted range (175 IU/mL), indicating its appropriate quality for clinical use. In addition, an efficient and robust procedure for the automated production and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with clinically applicable specifications and activity levels, that is, 1.0-7.4 GBq in 20 mL, was developed. The radiopharmaceutical's quality control was also developed using chromatographic methods, which confirmed the product's stability (RCP ≥ 95%) over 24 h. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that 161Tb has appropriate features for clinical use. The developed synthesis protocol guarantees high yields and safe preparation of injectable 161Tb-DOTATOC. The investigated approach could be translated to other DOTA-derivatized peptides; thus, 161Tb could be successfully applied in clinical practice for radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Landolt
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lebogang Sepini
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corp., Brits, South Africa
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Geistlich
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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14
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Borbinha J, Ferreira P, Costa D, Vaz P, Di Maria S. Targeted radionuclide therapy directed to the tumor phenotypes: A dosimetric approach using MC simulations. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110569. [PMID: 36436229 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT), the continuous technological effort in imaging tumor phenotypes (i.e. sub-volumes with different phenotypic characteristics) and in precise radiopharmaceutical tumor-targeting, is allowing for a better dosimetric optimization at the tumor phenotype level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric efficiency (considering strategic absorbed dose delivery to the phenotypes) of personalized TRT directed to the tumor phenotypes. METHODS The dosimetric assessment was performed using a four-phenotype realistic tumor model implemented within the ICRP reference voxel phantom and simulations using the state-of-the-art Monte Carlo program PENELOPE. The dose assessment was performed for five radionuclides commonly used in therapy and/or diagnostic procedures: 125I, 99mTc, 177Lu, 161Tb and 67Ga. Two irradiation scenarios were considered: (i) the Whole Tumor Treatment Planning Scenario (WTTPS), i.e. the four phenotypes irradiated with the same radionuclide; (ii) the Phenotype Treatment Planning Scenario (PTPS), i.e. each phenotype irradiated by a single radionuclide. The optimal radionuclide configurations were studied considering the maximization of the absorbed dose delivered to the tumor and the minimization of dose to healthy tissues. RESULTS In WTTPS, 125I outperforms the other radionuclides in terms of the ratio of the maximum absorbed dose delivered to the tumor and the minimum absorbed dose delivered to healthy tissues. In the PTPS, the use of 161Tb in combination with the other radionuclides maximizes the absorbed dose in the tumor tissues while simultaneously minimizing dose to healthy tissue, compared to the WTTPS. In agreement with recent pre-clinical studies, our computational results confirm and indicate the beneficial additive dosimetric effects of Auger and conversion electrons of 161Tb with respect to 177Lu, when considering the same cumulated activity for both. Interestingly, in considering a realistic tumor model, the better dosimetric performances of 161Tb were confirmed also for tumor volumes ranging from 1.98 cm3 to 33.32 cm3. CONCLUSIONS Dose assessment in realistic non-homogeneous tumor models could provide more insights with respect to consider only homogenous water-spheres tumor models and should be taken into account in dosimetry-based TRT planning studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Borbinha
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139,7, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Ferreira
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Fundação Champalimaud, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Durval Costa
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Fundação Champalimaud, Avenida Brasília, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Vaz
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139,7, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal.
| | - Salvatore Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, ao km 139,7, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal.
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15
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McNeil SW, Van de Voorde M, Zhang C, Ooms M, Bénard F, Radchenko V, Yang H. A simple and automated method for 161Tb purification and ICP-MS analysis of 161Tb. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:31. [PMID: 36459299 PMCID: PMC9718904 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 161Tb is a radiolanthanide with the potential to replace 177Lu in targeted radionuclide therapy. 161Tb is produced via the neutron irradiation of [160Gd]Gd2O3 targets, and must be purified from 160Gd and the decay product 161Dy prior to use. Established purification methods require complex conditions or high-pressure ion chromatography (HPIC) which are inconvenient to introduce in a broad user community. This study aims to find a simpler small solid-phase extraction (SPE) column method for 161Tb purification that is more suitable for automation with commercially available systems like TRASIS. RESULTS We first tested the distribution coefficients on TK211 and TK212 resins for the separation of Gd, Tb, and Dy, and subsequently developed a method to separate these metal ions, with an additional TK221 resin to concentrate the final product. A side-by-side comparison of the products purified using this new method with the HPIC method was undertaken, assessing the radionuclidic purity, chemical purity regarding Gd and Dy, and labeling efficiency with a standard chelate (DOTA) and a novel chelate (crown). The two methods have comparable radionuclidic purity and labeling efficiency. The small SPE column method reduced Gd content to nanogram level, although still higher than the HPIC method. An ICP-MS method to quantify 161Tb, 159Tb, 160Gd, and 161Dy was developed with the application of mass-shift by ammonia gas. Last, 161Tb produced from the small SPE column method was used to assess the biodistribution of [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH, and the results were comparable to the HPIC produced 161Tb. CONCLUSIONS 161Tb was successfully purified by a semi-automated TRASIS system using a combination of TrisKem extraction resins. The resulting product performed well in radiolabelling and in vivo experiments. However, improvement can be made in the form of further reduction of 160Gd target material in the final product. An ICP-MS method to analyze the radioactive product was developed. Combined with gamma spectroscopy, this method allows the purity of 161Tb being assessed before the decay of the product, providing a useful tool for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. McNeil
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- grid.8953.70000 0000 9332 3503NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Maarten Ooms
- grid.8953.70000 0000 9332 3503NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Ling SW, de Blois E, Hooijman E, van der Veldt A, Brabander T. Advances in 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA Radionuclide Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2166. [PMID: 36297601 PMCID: PMC9607057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the survival benefit of classic treatment options with chemotherapy and drugs targeting androgen signaling is limited. Therefore, beta and alpha radionuclide therapy (RNT) have emerged as novel treatment options for patients with mCRPC. Radioligands target the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) epitopes, which are upregulated up to a thousand times more in prostate cancer cells compared to the cells in normal tissues. For this reason, PSMA is an excellent target for both imaging and therapy. Over the past years, many studies have investigated the treatment effects of lutetium-177 labeled PSMA (177Lu-PSMA) and actinium-225 labeled PSMA (225Ac-PSMA) RNT in patients with mCRPC. While promising results have been achieved, this field is still in development. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the clinical data of 177Lu-PSMA and 225Ac-PSMA RNT in patients with mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wai Ling
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Hooijman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid van der Veldt
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Brabander
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hemmingsson J, Svensson J, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Bernhardt P. Active bone marrow S-values for the low-energy electron emitter terbium-161 compared to S-values for lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:65. [PMID: 36153386 PMCID: PMC9509518 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on theoretical and preclinical results, terbium-161 may be a valid alternative to lutetium-177 and yttrium-90 in radionuclide therapies. The large low-energy electron emission from terbium-161 is a favorable feature in the treatment of disseminated disease, but its impact on the radiosensitive bone marrow needs to be evaluated. Using voxel-based skeletal dosimetry models in which active bone marrow is defined as regions containing stem cells and progenitor cells of the hematopoietic lineage, we generated S-values (absorbed dose per decay) for terbium-161 and evaluated its distribution-dependence in bone marrow cavities. METHODS S-values in the active bone marrow were calculated for terbium-161, lutetium-177, and yttrium-90 irradiation using two (male/female) image-based bone marrow dosimetry models. The radionuclides were distributed to one of the three structures that define the spongiosa bone region in the skeletal models: (i) active bone marrow, (ii) inactive bone marrow, or (iii) surface or whole volume of the trabecular bone. Decay data from ICRP 107 were combined with specific absorbed fractions to calculate S-values for 13 skeletal sites. To increase the utility, the skeletal site-specific S-values were averaged to produce whole-body average S-values and spongiosa average S-values. RESULTS For yttrium-90, the high-energy β particles irradiate the active marrow regardless of the source compartment, consistently generating the highest S-values (65-90% higher). Between terbium-161 and lutetium-177, the largest differences in S-values were with an active marrow source (50%), such as self-irradiation, due to the contribution of the short-ranged conversion and Auger electrons from terbium-161. Their influence decreased as the source moved to inactive marrow or the surface or volume of the trabecular bone, reducing the S-values and the differences between terbium-161 and lutetium-177 (15-35%). CONCLUSION The S-values of terbium-161 for active bone marrow and, consequently, the bone marrow toxicity profile were more dependent on the radionuclide distribution within the bone marrow cavity than the S-values of lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. This effect was attributed to the considerable low-energy electron emission of terbium-161. Therefore, it will be critical to investigate the bone marrow distribution of a particular radiopharmaceutical for accurate estimation of the active bone marrow dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hemmingsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Stråket 2B, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Svensson
- Department of Oncology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula Stråket 2B, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Spoormans K, Crabbé M, Struelens L, De Saint-Hubert M, Koole M. A Review on Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Preclinical Dosimetry in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2007. [PMID: 36297446 PMCID: PMC9608466 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) uses radiopharmaceuticals to specifically irradiate tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue. Response to this treatment highly depends on the absorbed dose. Tumor control probability (TCP) models aim to predict the tumor response based on the absorbed dose by taking into account the different characteristics of TRT. For instance, TRT employs radiation with a high linear energy transfer (LET), which results in an increased effectiveness. Furthermore, a heterogeneous radiopharmaceutical distribution could result in a heterogeneous dose distribution at a tissue, cellular as well as subcellular level, which will generally reduce the tumor response. Finally, the dose rate in TRT is protracted, relatively low, and variable over time. This allows cells to repair more DNA damage, which may reduce the effectiveness of TRT. Within this review, an overview is given on how these characteristics can be included in TCP models, while some experimental findings are also discussed. Many parameters in TCP models are preclinically determined and TCP models also play a role in the preclinical stage of radiopharmaceutical development; however, this all depends critically on the calculated absorbed dose. Accordingly, an overview of the existing preclinical dosimetry methods is given, together with their limitation and applications. It can be concluded that although the theoretical extension of TCP models from external beam radiotherapy towards TRT has been established quite well, the experimental confirmation is lacking. Thus, requiring additional comprehensive studies at the sub-cellular, cellular, and organ level, which should be provided with accurate preclinical dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Spoormans
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Crabbé
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Lara Struelens
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Tolmachev V, Vorobyeva A. Radionuclides in Diagnostics and Therapy of Malignant Tumors: New Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020297. [PMID: 35053459 PMCID: PMC8773826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-7083-874-87
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20
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Müller C, Schibli R, Bernhardt P, Köster U, van der Meulen NP. Terbium radionuclides for theranostics. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Neels OC, Kopka K, Liolios C, Afshar-Oromieh A. Radiolabeled PSMA Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6255. [PMID: 34944875 PMCID: PMC8699044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA has shown to be a promising target for diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of prostate cancer. We have reviewed developments in the field of radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery and targeted photodynamic therapy as well as multitargeting PSMA inhibitors also addressing albumin, GRPr and integrin αvβ3. An overview of the regulatory status of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in the USA and Europe is also provided. Technical and quality aspects of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals are described and new emerging radiolabeling strategies are discussed. Furthermore, insights are given into the production, application and potential of alternatives beyond the commonly used radionuclides for radiolabeling PSMA inhibitors. An additional refinement of radiopharmaceuticals is required in order to further improve dose-limiting factors, such as nephrotoxicity and salivary gland uptake during endoradiotherapy. The improvement of patient treatment achieved by the advantageous combination of radionuclide therapy with alternative therapies is also a special focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Neels
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Liolios
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- INRASTES, Radiochemistry Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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22
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Jackson P, Hofman M, McIntosh L, Buteau JP, Ravi Kumar A. Radiation Dosimetry in 177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:243-254. [PMID: 34893320 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radionuclide therapy using the small molecule PSMA bound to the beta-emitting radionuclide, Lutetium-177 (177Lu-PSMA) has demonstrated efficacy and survival benefit castrate resistant metastatic disease and represents a novel new line of therapy. Whilst dosimetry was critical for early development, it was not incorporated into either the TheraP or VISION randomized studies, highlighting the difficulty of adopting dosimetry in routine clinical practice. Accumulated clinical experience has also shown that the common (and generally low grade) toxicities such as nausea, xerostomia, and cytopenias are not readily predicted on the basis of dosimetry estimates. The majority of dosimetry and clinical literature deals with the radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-PSMA-617 which displays relatively consistent patterns of retention among normal tissues and high specificity for metastatic prostate cancer phenotypes. Population dosimetry incorporating estimates to the kidneys, salivary glands, and bone marrow have been widely reported the typical range of doses is becoming well established. There is growing interest on tumor dosimetry in 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy as an overall modest side-effect profile from primary organ retention has been observed. A focus away from normal organ dosimetry to whole body tumor dosimetry may enable early prediction of treatment failure. Given the safety of 177Lu-PSMA there is also potential to escalate administered radioactivity to further improve outcomes. Importantly, the variability of uptake between individuals, both to tumor and normal organs, has also been highlighted which provides some rationale for the utility of personalized radiation analysis to optimize treatment based on potential toxicity thresholds or tumor control. Methods to perform dosimetry using serial post treatment imaging may incorporate planar, 3D SPECT, or hybrid datasets. Reliable measurements may be obtained through either method, however, continued developments in computational analysis are better suited to fully 3D imaging; particularly in conjunction with volumetric CT to assist with alignment and contouring. Dose analysis over sequential treatment cycles is vital to understand the radiobiology of these treatments which is unique compared to external beam therapy due to dose rate, fractionation scheme, and potential for intratumoral nonuniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Price Jackson
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael Hofman
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lachlan McIntosh
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Patrick Buteau
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aravind Ravi Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Dept of Cancer Imaging, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Adhikarla V, Awuah D, Brummer AB, Caserta E, Krishnan A, Pichiorri F, Minnix M, Shively JE, Wong JYC, Wang X, Rockne RC. A Mathematical Modeling Approach for Targeted Radionuclide and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Combination Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205171. [PMID: 34680320 PMCID: PMC8533817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and immunotherapy, an example being chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), represent two potent means of eradicating systemic cancers. Although each one as a monotherapy might have a limited effect, the potency can be increased with a combination of the two therapies. The complications involved in the dosing and scheduling of these therapies make the mathematical modeling of these therapies a suitable solution for designing combination treatment approaches. Here, we investigate a mathematical model for TRT and CAR-T cell combination therapies. Through an analysis of the mathematical model, we find that the tumor proliferation rate is the most important factor affecting the scheduling of TRT and CAR-T cell treatments with faster proliferating tumors requiring a shorter interval between the two therapies. Abstract Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) has recently seen a surge in popularity with the use of radionuclides conjugated to small molecules and antibodies. Similarly, immunotherapy also has shown promising results, an example being chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies. Moreover, TRT and CAR-T therapies possess unique features that require special consideration when determining how to dose as well as the timing and sequence of combination treatments including the distribution of the TRT dose in the body, the decay rate of the radionuclide, and the proliferation and persistence of the CAR-T cells. These characteristics complicate the additive or synergistic effects of combination therapies and warrant a mathematical treatment that includes these dynamics in relation to the proliferation and clearance rates of the target tumor cells. Here, we combine two previously published mathematical models to explore the effects of dose, timing, and sequencing of TRT and CAR-T cell-based therapies in a multiple myeloma setting. We find that, for a fixed TRT and CAR-T cell dose, the tumor proliferation rate is the most important parameter in determining the best timing of TRT and CAR-T therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Dennis Awuah
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Alexander B. Brummer
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Megan Minnix
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.M.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Y. C. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.A.); (A.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.C.R.)
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