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Dearie C, Linhart C, Figueroa C, Saumaka V, Dobbins T, Morrell S, Taylor R. Adult mortality from non-communicable diseases in Fiji's major ethnic groups 2013-17. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 8:100157. [PMID: 39161916 PMCID: PMC11332792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.4.1 (SDG3.4.1) targets a one-third reduction in non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality in ages 30-69-years by 2030 (relative to 2015). Directing interventions to achieve this aim requires reliable estimates of underlying cause of death (UCoD). This may be problematic when both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes are present due to a lack of consistency in certification of such deaths. We estimate empirically 2013-17 NCD mortality in Fiji, by sex and ethnicity, from CVD, diabetes, cancer, and chronic lower respiratory diseases (CRD), and aggregated as NCD4. Methods UCoD was determined from Medical Certificates of Cause-of-Death (MCCD) from the Fiji Ministry of Health after pre-processing of mortality data where diabetes and/or hypertension were present in order to generate internationally comparable UCoD. If no potentially fatal complications from diabetes or hypertension accompanied these causes in Part I (direct cause) of the MCCD, these conditions were re-assigned to Part II (contributory cause). The probability of a 30-year-old dying before reaching age 70-years (PoD30-70), by cause, was calculated. Findings The PoD30-70 from NCD4 over 2013-17 differed by sex and ethnicity: in women, it was 36% (95%CI 35-37%) in i-Taukei and 27% (26-28%) in Fijians of Indian descent (FID); in men, it was 41% (40-42%) in both i-Taukei and FID.PoD30-70 from CVD, diabetes, cancer and CRD in women was: 18%, 10%, 13% and 1·0% in i-Taukei; 13%, 10%, 5·6% and 1·1% in FID; in men was: 28%, 8.4%, 7·6% and 2·2% in i-Taukei; 31%, 8.3%, 3.5% and 3·1% in FID. Interpretation To achieve SDG3.4.1 goals in Fiji by 2030, effective population wide and ethnic-specific interventions targeting multiple NCDs are required to reduce PoD30-70 from NCD4: from 36% to 24% in i-Taukei, and 27% to 18% in FID women; and from 41% to 27% in i-Taukei and FID men. Funding Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dearie
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Botany St, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christine Linhart
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carah Figueroa
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Dobbins
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Morrell
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Taylor
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Aldila F, Fj FN, Audrienna J, Sj LL, Tang S, Tanu SG, Fernandez EA, Agatha FA, Wijaya M, Sormin STB, Sani L, Irwanto A, Haryono SJ, Li J, Chan A, Hartman M. What do women want to see in a personalized breast cancer risk report? A qualitative study of Asian women of two countries. J Community Genet 2024:10.1007/s12687-024-00735-6. [PMID: 39320562 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-024-00735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A breast cancer risk assessment tool for Asian populations, incorporating Polygenic Risk Score and Gail Model algorithm, has been established and validated. However, effective methods for delivering personalized risk information remain underexplored. This study aims to identify and develop effective methods for conveying breast cancer risk information to Asian women. Through ten focus group discussions with 32 women in Indonesia and Singapore, we explored preferences for the presentation of risk information. Participants favored comprehensive reports featuring actionable steps, simplified language, non-intimidating visuals, and personalized risk reduction recommendations. Singaporean participants, more aware of breast cancer prevention, showed a lower likelihood of seeking follow-ups upon receiving low-risk results compared to Indonesians. Overall, participants found the reports useful and advocated for similar approaches in other disease assessments. Balancing content and complexity in reports is crucial, highlighting the need for improved patient understanding and engagement with healthcare providers. Future studies could explore physicians' roles in delivering personalized risk assessments for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aldila
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore.
| | - Fiona Ng Fj
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore
| | | | - Lynn Lim Sj
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore
| | - Shannon Tang
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Marco Wijaya
- SJH Initiatives, MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Levana Sani
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- NalaGenetics Pte Ltd (NalaGenetics), Bukit merah, Singapore
| | - Samuel J Haryono
- SJH Initiatives, MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jingmei Li
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Queenstown, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Queenstown, Singapore
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Wu PS, Hong YT, Shen CH, Lee CH, Chou CP. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Improves Early Breast Cancer Detection and Survival in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2024:wbae044. [PMID: 39304331 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) in breast cancer screening and their impact on long-term overall survival (OS). METHODS The study involved 48 549 consecutive mammography examinations between 2011 and 2015 at a medical center in Taiwan, identifying 545 women who were screened and diagnosed with breast cancer. Digital mammography and DBT examinations were alternated on different days. Patients were categorized based on mammographic modality, breast density, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. To determine the long-term outcome until August 2021, survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis. RESULTS The mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 53.2 years. Digital breast tomosynthesis examinations were significantly associated with early breast cancer (AJCC stage 0 to 2) (P = .022). The 5- and 9-year OS rates for all patients were 96.8% and 93.0%, respectively. The 5- and 9-year OS was significantly greater in the DBT group (98.4% and 96.8%) compared with the DM group (95.0% and 90.4%) (P = .030 for all). The K-M survival analysis demonstrated a significantly higher OS in the DBT group than the DM group (P = .037). Furthermore, DBT significantly improved OS in a cohort of women with stage II and III cancer (P = .032) and heterogeneously dense breasts (P = .045). CONCLUSION Screening with DBT is associated with early breast cancer diagnosis and higher survival rates compared with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Radiology Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hong
- Radiology Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Shen
- Radiology Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Lee
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pin Chou
- Radiology Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Mansoor NUS, Naveed S, Ali H, Manzoor A, Zahoor S, Sheikh J. Evaluation of a pre-post quasi-experimental educational intervention on breast cancer awareness among pharmacy professionals in Karachi, Pakistan. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1443249. [PMID: 39319290 PMCID: PMC11419986 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1443249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer, particularly breast cancer, is a major contributor to mortality and a significant impediment to life expectancy. In 2020, breast cancer accounted for 11.7% of all cancer cases and caused approximately 685,000 deaths worldwide, surpassing lung cancer in prevalence. The study aims to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on breast cancer awareness among pharmacy students by comparing their understanding before and after the program. Method A pre-post quasi-experimental study was designed to assess knowledge and awareness of breast cancer, breast self-examination (BSE) practices, and attitudes toward breast cancer among female university students in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants completed a pre-session questionnaire, attended an awareness workshop and video tutorial, and then completed a post-session questionnaire 2 weeks later. Results Of 1,200 participants, 1,015 of them completed both the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Key demographic features included 83.9% of the participants being in the 18-24 age group, 26.8% being married, and only 14.2% having a family history of breast cancer. Before the intervention, 60.7% of the participants were not involved in regular breast self-exams due to a lack of awareness. Post-intervention results showed a significant increase in awareness, with 35.9% rising to 94.9%. The use of screening methods increased from 46.7 to 94.8%. Knowledge of breast cancer improved from 51.2 to 96.7%, and the general perception rose from 48.2 to 93.4%. Attitudes toward self-examination also shifted positively, indicating a significant change in perception. Interpretation and conclusion The study concludes the baseline knowledge of breast cancer among female students was inadequate but improved significantly from over 40% to over 90% following the educational intervention. The intervention positively influenced the general perception and attitudes toward breast cancer. These findings highlight the need for regular educational sessions to enhance awareness, improve healthcare outcomes, and reduce mortality rates, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safila Naveed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Manzoor
- Department of Oncology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplant, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zahoor
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Sheikh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rauthan A, Jain A, Singh M, Sendur MAN. Palbociclib in HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Scoping Review of Real-World Evidence from Countries Outside of Western Regions that Are Underrepresented in Clinical Trials. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:395-418. [PMID: 39095679 PMCID: PMC11333781 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited awareness exists regarding real-world data (RWD) for palbociclib in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced/metastatic breast cancer in populations from certain countries outside of Western regions. METHODS A systematic scoping review was conducted using PubMed and Embase to evaluate RWD for palbociclib from countries outside of Western regions that are underrepresented in clinical trials. Search criteria were aligned with our research question for relevant English-language publications, without restrictions on publication date, followed by Phase 1 (title and abstract) and Phase 2 (full-text) screening of retrieved citations as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data analyses of eligible studies were done separately for abstracts and full-text publications to enhance the precision and reliability of the results. RESULTS Database search yielded 1485 non-duplicate records, 46 qualified for inclusion, of which 47.8% were published as full text. The analysis of outcomes, based exclusively on full-text publications that collectively included 2048 patients treated with palbociclib, revealed the median progression-free survival (PFS) of 20.2-36.7 months, overall survival (OS) of 39.9 months (reported in one publication) and objective response rate (ORR) of 45.3-80.0% with first-line treatment. In ≥ second line, the median PFS, OS and ORR ranged from 7.0 to 24.2 months, 11 to 19.6 months, and 13.9% to 47.9%, respectively. The safety profile of palbociclib was similar to that reported in pivotal clinical studies, and no new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive volume of evidence demonstrates that palbociclib's effectiveness and safety profile in real-world settings align with those observed in clinical trials, offering valuable insights for clinical decision-making in countries outside of Western regions underrepresented in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rauthan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ankita Jain
- Medical Affairs Oncology and Field Medical Excellence, Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited, The Capital, 1802/1901, Plot No. C-70, G-Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra (E), Mumbai, 400 051, India.
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Regional Medical Affairs, Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mehmet A N Sendur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Majeed AI, Zinan S, Faryal R. Unraveling the Role of BRCA1 variants in Dysregulation of Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms in Breast Cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:1093-1098. [PMID: 38952531 PMCID: PMC11190403 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.6.8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To screen BRCA1 gene variants and predict potential role of the identified variants in breast cancer. Method This case-control study included two hundred and fifty breast cancer patients and equal healthy individuals from the Federal Breast Cancer Screening Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from March 2021- January 2023. Demographic data was collected through questionnaires and clinical data was assessed using mammograms, ultrasound, histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing approach were used to detect variants in BRCA1 gene. In-silico analyses were carried out to predict mutation effect, miRNA binding site alterations and change in mRNA structure and stability. Results Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most prevalent type of breast cancer. Old age [OR: 2.8149 (1.5995 to 4.9538) p value = 0.0003] and family history [OR: 4.3186 (1.7336 to 10.7581) p value = 0.001] were significant breast cancer risk. Six variants were identified. Two novel missense variants, Chr17:43082553A>T and Chr17:43093710A>T were predicted deleterious as these disrupted interaction with PALB2 and importin alpha's NLS2 site, respectively. In silico analysis predicted the loss of hsa-miR-1179 binding site due to variant Chr17:43093220T>C. Moreover, four variants were predicted to affect the mRNA structure and stability. Conclusion Two novel variants were predicted to be pathogenic. In-silico analysis predicted the loss of miRNA binding site along with change in mRNA secondary structure plus stability, possible mechanisms for oncogenesis. Further, expressional studies are required to confirm BRCA1 gene dysregulation in breast cancer due to these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Isani Majeed
- Ayesha Isani Majeed, MBBS, MCPS, FRCR, MPH, MHPE, Ph.D. Department of Radiology and Breast Cancer Screening Programme, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sawdah Zinan
- Sawdah Zinan, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Rani Faryal, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wadasadawala T, Mohanty SK, Sen S, Kanala TS, Maiti S, Puchali N, Gupta S, Sarin R, Parmar V. Out-of-pocket payment and financial risk protection for breast cancer treatment: a prospective study from India. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 24:100346. [PMID: 38756158 PMCID: PMC11096681 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Available data on cost of cancer treatment, out-of-pocket payment and reimbursement are limited in India. We estimated the treatment costs, out-of-pocket payment, and reimbursement in a cohort of breast cancer patients who sought treatment at a publicly funded tertiary cancer care hospital in India. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from June 2019 to March 2022 at Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Mumbai. Data on expenditure during each visit of treatment was collected by a team of trained medical social workers. The primary outcome variables were total cost (TC) of treatment, out-of-pocket payment (OOP), and reimbursement. TC included cost incurred by breast cancer patients during treatment at TMC. OOP was defined as the total cost incurred at TMC less of reimbursement. Reimbursement was any form of financial assistance (cashless or repayment), including social health insurance, private health insurance, employee health schemes, and assistance from charitable trusts, received by the patients for breast cancer treatment. Findings Of the 500 patients included in the study, 45 discontinued treatment (due to financial or other reasons) and 26 died during treatment. The mean TC of breast cancer treatment was ₹258,095/US$3531 (95% CI: 238,225, 277,934). Direct medical cost (MC) accounted for 56.3% of the TC. Systemic therapy costs (₹50,869/US$696) were higher than radiotherapy (₹33,483/US$458) and surgery costs (₹25,075/US$343). About 74.4% patients availed some form of financial assistance at TMC; 8% patients received full reimbursement. The mean OOP for breast cancer treatment was ₹186,461/US$2551 (95% CI: 167,666, 205,257), accounting for 72.2% of the TC. Social health insurance (SHI) had a reasonable coverage (33.1%), followed by charitable trusts (29.6%), employee health insurance (5.1%), private health insurance (4.4%) and 25.6% had no reimbursement. But SHI covered only 40.1% of the TC of treatment compared to private health insurance that covered as much as 57.1% of it. Both TC and OOP were higher for patients who were younger, belonged to rural areas, had a comorbidity, were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and were from outside Maharashtra. Interpretation In India, the cost and OOP for breast cancer treatment are high and reimbursement for the treatment flows from multiple sources. Though many of the patients receive some form of reimbursement, it is insufficient to prevent high OOP. Hence both wider insurance coverage as well as higher cap of the insurance packages in the health insurance schemes is suggested. Allowing for the automatic inclusion of cancer treatment in SHI can mitigate the financial burden of cancer patients in India. Funding This work was funded by an extramural grant from the Women's Cancer Initiative and the Nag Foundation and an intramural grant from the International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Wadasadawala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
| | - Sanjay K. Mohanty
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Soumendu Sen
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Tejaswi S. Kanala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
| | - Suraj Maiti
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai 400 088, India
| | - Namita Puchali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Vani Parmar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India
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Park KH, Loibl S, Sohn J, Park YH, Jiang Z, Tadjoedin H, Nag S, Saji S, Md Yusof M, Villegas EMB, Lim EH, Lu YS, Ithimakin S, Tseng LM, Dejthevaporn T, Chen TWW, Lee SC, Galvez C, Malwinder S, Kogawa T, Bajpai J, Brahma B, Wang S, Curigliano G, Yoshino T, Kim SB, Pentheroudakis G, Im SA, Andre F, Ahn JB, Harbeck N. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with early breast cancer. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102974. [PMID: 38796284 PMCID: PMC11145753 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with early breast cancer were updated and published online in 2023, and adapted, according to previously established standard methodology, to produce the Pan-Asian adapted (PAGA) ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of Asian patients with early breast cancer. The adapted guidelines presented in this manuscript represent the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with breast cancer representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), Indonesia (ISHMO), India (ISMPO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO), co-ordinated by ESMO and KSMO. The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices, drug access restrictions and reimbursement decisions in the different Asian regions represented by the 10 oncological societies. The latter are discussed separately in the manuscript. The aim is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with early breast cancer across the different regions of Asia, drawing on the evidence provided by both Western and Asian trials, whilst respecting the differences in screening practices, molecular profiling, as well as the age and stage at presentation. Attention is drawn to the disparity in the drug approvals and reimbursement strategies, between the different regions of Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - S Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Goethe University Centre for Haematology and Oncology, Bethanien, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y H Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Z Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - H Tadjoedin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Dharmais Hospital, National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - S Nag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sahyadri Speciality Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Md Yusof
- Cancer Centre at PHKL, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E M B Villegas
- Cebu Cancer Institute, Perpertual Succour Hospital, Cebu Doctors' University Hospital, Cho-ing Hua Hospital, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - E H Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y-S Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S Ithimakin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L-M Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Dejthevaporn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T W-W Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Galvez
- St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - S Malwinder
- Cancer Centre at PHKL, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Kogawa
- Advanced Medical Development, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Bajpai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - B Brahma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dharmais Hospital, National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - S Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S-B Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - S-A Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - F Andre
- Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J B Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - N Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Zhu J, Wang L, Gong W, Li X, Wang Y, Zhu C, Li H, Shi L, Yang C, Du L. Development and evaluation of a risk assessment tool for the personalized screening of breast cancer in Chinese populations: A prospective cohort study. Cancer 2024; 130:1403-1414. [PMID: 37916832 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a significant contributor to female mortality, exerting a public health burden worldwide, especially in China, where risk-prediction models with good discriminating accuracy for breast cancer are still scarce. METHODS A multicenter screening cohort study was conducted as part of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. Dwellers aged 40-74 years were recruited between 2014 and 2019 and prospectively followed up until June 30, 2021. The entire data set was divided by year of enrollment to develop a prediction model and validate it internally. Multivariate Cox regression was used to ascertain predictors and develop a risk-prediction model. Model performance at 1, 3, and 5 years was evaluated using the area under the curve, nomogram, and calibration curves and subsequently validated internally. The prediction model incorporates selected factors that are assigned appropriate weights to establish a risk-scoring algorithm. Guided by the risk score, participants were categorized into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups for breast cancer. The cutoff values were chosen using X-tile plots. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by categorizing breast cancer risk into the low- and high-risk groups. A decision curve analysis was used to assess the clinical utility of the model. RESULTS Of the 70,520 women enrolled, 447 were diagnosed with breast cancer (median follow-up, 6.43 [interquartile range, 3.99-7.12] years). The final prediction model included age and education level (high, hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.31-3.09]), menopausal age (≥50 years, 1.34 [1.03-1.75]), previous benign breast disease (1.42 [1.09-1.83]), and reproductive surgery (1.28 [0.97-1.69]). The 1-year area under the curve was 0.607 in the development set and 0.643 in the validation set. Moderate predictive discrimination and satisfactory calibration were observed for the validation set. The risk predictions demonstrated statistically significant differences between the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups (p < .001). Compared with the low-risk group, women in the high- and medium-risk groups posed a 2.17-fold and 1.62-fold elevated risk of breast cancer, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. A web-based calculator was developed to estimate risk stratification for women. CONCLUSIONS This study developed and internally validated a risk-adapted and user-friendly risk-prediction model by incorporating easily accessible variables and female factors. The personalized model demonstrated reliable calibration and moderate discriminative ability. Risk-stratified screening strategies contribute to precisely distinguishing high-risk individuals from asymptomatic individuals and prioritizing breast cancer screening. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Breast cancer remains a burden in China. To enhance breast cancer screening, we need to incorporate population stratification in screening. Accurate risk-prediction models for breast cancer remain scarce in China. We established and validated a risk-adapted and user-friendly risk-prediction model by incorporating routinely available variables along with female factors. Using this risk-stratified model helps accurately identify high-risk individuals, which is of significant importance when considering integrating individual risk assessments into mass screening programs for breast cancer. Current clinical breast cancer screening lacks a constructive clinical pathway and guiding recommendations. Our findings can better guide clinicians and health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youqing Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhang Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingbin Du
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Sarkar P, Huffman KN, Williams T, Deol A, Zorra I, Adam T, Donaldson R, Qureshi U, Gowda K, Galiano RD. Rates of breast reconstruction uptake and attitudes toward breast cancer and survivorship among south asians: A literature review. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:953-964. [PMID: 38247024 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Our aim in this review was to ascertain rates of breast reconstruction among South Asian patients and identify attitudes towards breast cancer, survivorship, and breast reconstruction. Mastectomy rates for South Asian patients ranged from 52% to 77% and reconstruction following mastectomy varied from 0% to 14%. A negative perception of cancer, fears of social isolation, and taboos around breasts can prevent South Asian women from receiving surgical care after a breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prottusha Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristin N Huffman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tokoya Williams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Avneet Deol
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Health & Sciences, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Isabella Zorra
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tarifa Adam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel Donaldson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Umer Qureshi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karan Gowda
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Health & Sciences, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Goh SP, Ong SC, Chan JE. Economic evaluation of germline genetic testing for breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:316. [PMID: 38454347 PMCID: PMC10919043 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women globally. Genetic testing serves as a prevention and treatment strategy for managing BC. This study aims to systematically review economic evaluations and the quality of selected studies involving genetic screening strategies for BC in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS A search was performed to identify related articles that were published up to April 2023 on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Only English-language LMIC studies were included. Synthesis of studies characteristics, methodological and data input variations, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and reporting quality (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist) were performed. RESULTS This review found five pertinent studies, mainly focusing on economic evaluations of germline genetic testing in upper-middle-income countries (Upper MICs) like Malaysia, China, and Brazil. Only one study covered multiple countries with varying incomes, including lower-middle-income nations (Lower MICs) like India. The ICERs values in various screening scenarios for early-stage BC, HER2 negative BC patients, and healthy women with clinical or family history criteria were ranging from USD 2214/QALY to USD 36,342/QALY. Multigene testing for all breast cancer patients with cascade testing was at USD 7729/QALY compared to BRCA alone. Most studies adhered to the CHEERS 2022 criteria, signifying high methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS Germline testing could be considered as cost-effective compared to no testing in Upper MICs (e.g., Malaysia, China, Brazil) but not in Lower MICs (e.g., India) based on the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold set by each respective study. Limitations prevent a definite conclusion about cost-effectiveness across LMICs. More high-quality studies are crucial for informed decision-making and improved healthcare practices in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Pin Goh
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siew Chin Ong
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Jue Ern Chan
- Pharmacy Department, Klinik Kesihatan Chemor Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Kinta, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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12
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Ong SK, Haruyama R, Yip CH, Ngan TT, Li J, Lai D, Zhang Y, Yi S, Shankar A, Suzanna E, Jung SY, Ho PJ, Yusuf A, Nessa A, Jung KW, Fernando E, Baral S, Bagherian M, Pradhan P, Jugder U, Vongdala C, Yusof SN, Thiri K, Sripan P, Cairo C, Matsuda T, Sangrajran S, Kiak-Mien Tan V, Mehrotra R, Anderson BO. Feasibility of monitoring Global Breast Cancer Initiative Framework key performance indicators in 21 Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance member countries. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102365. [PMID: 38125964 PMCID: PMC10731600 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) Framework, launched by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2023, emphasises assessing, strengthening, and scaling up services for the early detection and management of breast cancer. This study aims to determine the feasibility of monitoring the status of breast cancer control in the 21 Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) countries based on the three GBCI Framework key performance indicators (KPIs): stage at diagnosis, time to diagnosis, and treatment completion. Methods We reviewed published literature on breast cancer control among 21 ANCCA countries from May to July 2023 to establish data availability and compiled the latest descriptive statistics and sources of the indicators using a standardised data collection form. We performed bivariate Pearson's correlation analysis to measure the strength of correlation between stage at diagnosis, mortality and survival rates, and universal health coverage. Findings Only 12 (57%) ANCCA member countries published national cancer registry reports on breast cancer age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR). Indonesia, Myanmar, and Nepal had provincial data and others relied on WHO's Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) estimates. GLOBOCAN data differed from the reported national statistics by 5-10% in Bhutan, Indonesia, Iran, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Thailand and >10% in China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, and Sri Lanka. The proportion of patients diagnosed in stages I and II strongly correlated with the five-year survival rate and with the universal health coverage (UHC) index. Three countries (14%) reported national data with >60% of invasive breast cancer patients diagnosed at stages I and II, and a five-year survival rate of >80%. Over 60% of the ANCCA countries had no published national data on breast cancer staging, the time interval from presentation to diagnosis, and diagnosis to treatment. Five (24%) countries reported data on treatment completion. The definition of delayed diagnosis and treatment completion varied across countries. Interpretation GBCI's Pillar 1 KPI correlates strongly with five-year survival rate and with the UHC index. Most ANCCA countries lacked national data on cancer staging, timely diagnosis, and treatment completion KPIs. While institutional-level data were available in some countries, they may not represent the nationwide status. Strengthening cancer surveillance is crucial for effective breast cancer control. The GBCI Framework indicators warrant more detailed definitions for standardised data collection. Surrogate indicators which are measurable and manageable in country-specific settings, could be considered for monitoring GBCI indicators. Ensuring UHC and addressing health inequalities are essential to early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Funding Funding for this research article's processing fee (APC) will be provided by the affiliated institution to support the open-access publication of this work. The funding body is not involved in the study design; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data; or the decision to submit for publication. The funding body will be informed of any planned publications, and documentation provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok King Ong
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rei Haruyama
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Tran Thu Ngan
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jingmei Li
- Women's Health and Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗Star, Singapore
| | - Daphne Lai
- School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yawei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Yi
- KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Evlina Suzanna
- National Cancer Center Indonesia, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - So-Youn Jung
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Peh Joo Ho
- Women's Health and Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗Star, Singapore
| | - Aasim Yusuf
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centres, Lahore and Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ashrafun Nessa
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- National Cancer Centre Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eshani Fernando
- National Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Maryam Bagherian
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Uranbolor Jugder
- Cancer Registry-surveillance and Early Detection Division, National Cancer Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Khin Thiri
- Pink Rose Breast Cancer Patients Support Group, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Patumrat Sripan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Clarito Cairo
- Department of Health, Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Indian Cancer Genome Atlas, India & Centre for Health, Innovation and Policy Foundation, India
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Afandy AN, Tori MB, Bintalib SO, Soh BLP. Threshold in breast compression reduction for full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:217-225. [PMID: 38035436 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast compression is essential in mammography to improve image quality and reduce radiation dose. However, it can cause discomfort or even pain in women which could discourage them from attending future mammography examinations. Therefore, this study aims to explore the maximum reduction in breast compression in full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) that is achievable without impacting on image quality and dose. METHODS Ten compression force (CF) levels (20N-110N, with 10N intervals) were assessed on Siemens MAMMOMAT Inspiration with Nuclear Associates 18-228 phantom. Imaging was carried out in craniocaudal projection using Automatic Exposure Control at 28 kVp with a Tungsten/Rhodium anode/filter combination, and at 50° sweep angle for DBT. Using ImageJ software, image quality of the acquired mammograms and central tomosynthesis slices were examined based on mass conspicuity (MC) and microcalcification conspicuity (MicroC). Entrance skin dose (ESD) and mean glandular dose (MGD) were recorded from Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine image header. Linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between CF with ESD, MGD, MC and MicroC. Differences in image quality and radiation dose were assessed with one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS Significant correlations were noted between CF with ESD and MicroC for FFDM and DBT, with DBT also demonstrating associations with MGD and MC. No significant differences were observed for ESD, MGD, MC and MicroC when CF was reduced to 40N and 80N in FFDM and DBT respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CF can be reduced as low as 40N and 80N in FFDM and DBT respectively, without significant impact on image quality and radiation dose. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Reduced mammographic compression may reduce discomfort or pain in women, which may improve attendance rate in breast screening programmes. Findings from this study will provide reference for future work examining breast compression in mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Afandy
- Department of Radiology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - M B Tori
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - S O Bintalib
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - B L P Soh
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
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Shi Y, Ma Z, Yao S, Lu N, Wu Y, Cheng F. Effects of interventions on the screening behavior in female first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:22-36. [PMID: 37712430 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are more likely to develop breast cancer if their first-degree relatives (FDRs) have the disease, but they are often unaware of their individual risk and conduct screening behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in increasing breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography rates in FDRs of breast cancer patients. METHODS We selected randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies in eight databases. Interventions in each study were categorized as "promising", or "non-promising" according to whether they led to a positive change in screening behaviors. Interventions were also coded using the Behavioral Change Techniques (BCTs) Taxonomy and a promise ratio calculated for each. BCTs with a promise ratio ≥2 was classified as "promising". RESULTS Thirteen studies with 21 different BCTs were included. The most frequent BCTs were "Prompts/cues", "Credible source", and "Instructions on how to perform the behavior". Seven BCTs had a promise ratio of ≥2 and the four most promising were "Information about health consequences" (promise ratio = 6), "Problem solving" (promise ratio = 4), "Demonstration of the behavior" (promise ratio = 4), and "Adding objects to the environment" (promise ratio = 4). CONCLUSIONS This review indicated an overall weak use of theory, and an insufficient description of several interventions to support the assessment of how specific BCTs were activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shi
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuyue Ma
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Lu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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Jehan M, Azam S, Taimuri MA, Sumbal A, Azhar A, Amir A, Oduoye MO, Zainab A, Ikram A, Ali T. Care for breast cancer survivors in Asian countries: A review of sexual dysfunction. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 20:17455057241237687. [PMID: 38481086 PMCID: PMC10938604 DOI: 10.1177/17455057241237687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for one in three new cancer cases in women each year. Despite having a higher survival rate than other cancers, it is associated with various side effects, including anorgasmia, vaginismus, hair loss, and decreased libido. This review aims to explore trends in the incidence of sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors, the etiology of sexual dysfunction, and the role of factors such as family history, age, duration of marriage, and depression in predisposing patients. We summarize the limitations of the treatment modalities already used to cater to sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors and patients. The authors conducted searches on databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant search terms: sexual dysfunction, breast cancer, breast cancer survivors, chemotherapy, dyspareunia, vaginismus, and anorgasmia from 1997-2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed all types of articles with abstracts or titles indicating research on sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors in Asia. A total of 64 articles were included out of which 10 were systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The literature search yielded results showing high incidence rates of breast cancer in Asia (45.4%), with 31.6%-91.2% of breast cancer survivors likely to experience sexual dysfunction. Regional differences were noted, as female sexual dysfunction occurred in 74.1% of Asian breast cancer women. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted to assess the effectiveness of treatment modalities. Personalized approaches should be tailored to address beliefs, such as the potential impact of sexual activity on disease recovery. Utilizing a family history of breast cancer as a preemptive tool can help reduce the risk of developing female sexual dysfunction in survivors, and factors such as age and depression should be considered when formulating solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Jehan
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumran Azam
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Anusha Sumbal
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Azhar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alina Amir
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Asra Zainab
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areeba Ikram
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Ali
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Liyanage UA, Sirisena ND, Deshapriya PC, Dissanayake VHW. Breast cancer surveillance in BRCA positive Sri Lankan women: health equity for a high-risk group at a limited resource setting. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:636. [PMID: 38017478 PMCID: PMC10685476 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants account for 90% of hereditary breast malignancies, incurring a lifetime breast cancer risk of 85% and 40-45% respectively, in affected individuals. Well-resourced health care settings offer genetic counselling and genetic screening for susceptible individuals, followed by intense breast cancer surveillance programmes for those identified at high risk of breast cancer. Such high standards of care are not available in countries with limited resources. This study assessed breast cancer surveillance behaviors among a cohort of BRCA positive Sri Lankan women. METHODS A retrospective case review of all patients diagnosed with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes from 2015 to 2022 at the Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo was carried out followed by telephone interviews of the respondents. Patients who were not contactable, deceased, undergone bilateral mastectomy and males were excluded from the interview component of the study. Standard descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS statistics version 25. RESULTS Only 25 patients were diagnosed during the study period:14/25 women responded (6/25 deceased, 3/25 non-contactable; 2/25 excluded). 71.4% (10/14) had performed breast self-examination during the preceding month; 35.7% (5/14) had a clinical breast examination (CBE), and 50% (7/14) had undergone a screening/diagnostic mammogram during the last one year. 28.5% (4/14) had undergone both mammography and CBE; 21.45% (3/14) mammogram only, 7.1% (1/14) had CBE only. 42.8%(6/14) had not undergone any surveillance(mammography, CBE or MRI). None had dual screening with mammogram and MRI. 85.71% (12/14) women expressed willingness to participate in a regular screening programme if made available. CONCLUSION Fifty percent of BRCA1/2 positive women in our study had not undergone annual imaging-based surveillance by mammography or MRI, and none had undergone annual dual screening with mammography and MRI, indicating inadequate breast cancer surveillance in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udari Apsara Liyanage
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Nirmala Dushyanthi Sirisena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Muhammad N, Azeem A, Bakar MA, Prajzendanc K, Loya A, Jakubowska A, Hamann U, Rashid MU. Contribution of constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation to early-onset and familial breast cancer patients from Pakistan. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:377-387. [PMID: 37528266 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation has been identified as a potential risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in the Caucasian population. However, this data is lacking for BC patients of Asian origin. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation in Pakistani BC patients. METHODS A total of 385 BRCA1/2-negative index BC patients (197 early-onset BC (≤ 30 years), 152 familial BC, 17 familial BC and ovarian cancer, 19 male BC) and 107 healthy controls were screened for the constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting assay. Overall, 131 patients displayed triple-negative BC (TNBC) and 254 non-TNBC phenotypes. The prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation was calculated based on clinicopathological characteristics using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation was identified in 19.5% (75/385) of BC patients and 13.1% (14/107) of controls. The frequency of methylation was higher in early-onset BC (23.4% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.035) and TNBC patients (29.0% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.004) compared to controls. Methylation was also more prevalent in patients with high-grade than low-grade tumors (21.7% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.034) and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative than PR-positive tumors (26.0% vs. 13.9%, P = 0.004). Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation remained independently associated with TNBC phenotype (odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI 1.12-3.54; P = 0.02) after adjusting for BC diagnosis age, tumor grade, ER, and PR status. CONCLUSION Constitutional BRCA1 promoter methylation is associated with TNBC and can serve as a non-invasive blood-based biomarker for Pakistani TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Muhammad
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Azeem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Department of Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, SKMCH&RC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Karolina Prajzendanc
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, SKMCH&RC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), 7-A, Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
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18
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Magwesela FM, Msemakweli DO, Fearon D. Barriers and enablers of breast cancer screening among women in East Africa: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1915. [PMID: 37794414 PMCID: PMC10548570 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is among the most common cancers globally with a projected increase in incidence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The majority of the patients in East Africa present with advanced disease contributing to poor disease outcomes. Breast cancer screening enables earlier detection of the disease and therefore reduces the poor outcomes associated with the disease. This study aims to identify and synthesize the reported barriers and enablers of breast cancer screening among East African women. METHODS Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library were searched for articles published on the subject from start to March 2022 using PRISMA guidelines. Also, forward citation, manual search of references and searching of relevant journals were done. A thematic synthesis was carried out on the "results/findings" sections of the identified qualitative papers followed by a multi-source synthesis with quantitative findings. RESULTS Of 4560 records identified, 51 were included in the review (5 qualitative and 46 quantitative), representing 33,523 women. Thematic synthesis identified two major themes - "Should I participate in breast cancer screening?" and "Is breast cancer screening worth it?". Knowledge of breast cancer and breast cancer screening among women was identified as the most influencing factor. CONCLUSION This review provides a rich description of factors influencing uptake of breast cancer screening among East African women. Findings from this review suggest that improving knowledge and awareness among both the public and providers may be the most effective strategy to improve breast cancer screening in Eastern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Fearon
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
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Deng X, Wang J, Lu C, Zhou Y, Shen L, Ge A, Fan H, Liu L. Updating the therapeutic role of ginsenosides in breast cancer: a bibliometrics study to an in-depth review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226629. [PMID: 37818185 PMCID: PMC10560733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most common malignancy and has a high mortality rate. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents of ginseng, have been shown to be highly effective against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of ginsenosides on breast cancer. Through meticulous bibliometric analysis and an exhaustive review of pertinent research, we explore and summarize the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in treating breast cancer, including inducing apoptosis, autophagy, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and regulating miRNA and lncRNA. This scholarly endeavor not only provides novel prospects for the application of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer but also suggests future research directions for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongqiao Fan
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Mubarik S, Malik SS, Yanran Z, Hak E, Nawsherwan, Wang F, Yu C. Estimating disparities in breast cancer screening programs towards mortality, case fatality, and DALYs across BRICS-plus. BMC Med 2023; 21:299. [PMID: 37653535 PMCID: PMC10472654 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies over the past four decades have revealed that breast cancer screening (BCS) significantly reduces breast cancer (BC) mortality. However, in BRICS-plus countries, the association between BCS and BC case fatality and disability are unknown. This study examines the association of different BCS approaches with age-standardized mortality, case-fatality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates, as well as with other biological and sociodemographic risk variables, across BRICS-plus from a national and economic perspective. METHODS In this ecological study applying mixed-effect multilevel regression models, a country-specific dataset was analyzed by combining data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 on female age-standardized BC mortality, incidence, and DALYs rates with information on national/regional BCS availability (against no such program or only a pilot program) and BCS type (only self-breast examination (SBE) and/or clinical breast examination (CBE) [SBE/CBE] versus SBE/CBE with mammographic screening availability [MM and/or SBE/CBE] versus SBE/CBE/mammographic with digital mammography and/or ultrasound (US) [DMM/US and/or previous tests] in BRICS-plus countries. RESULTS Compared to self/clinical breast examinations (SBE/CBE) across BRICS-plus, more complex BCS program availability was the most significant predictor of decreased mortality [MM and/or SBE/CBE: - 2.64, p < 0.001; DMM/US and/or previous tests: - 1.40, p < 0.001]. In the BRICS-plus, CVD presence, high BMI, second-hand smoke, and active smoking all contributed to an increase in BC mortality and DALY rate. High-income and middle-income regions in BRICS-plus had significantly lower age-standardized BC mortality, case-fatality, and DALYs rates than low-income regions when nationwide BC screening programs were implemented. CONCLUSIONS The availability of mammography (digital or traditional) and BCS is associated with breast cancer burden in BRICS-plus countries, with regional variations. In light of high-quality evidence from previous causal studies, these findings further support the preventive role of mammography screening for BCS at the national level. Intervening on BCS related risk factors may further reduce the disease burden associated with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saima Shakil Malik
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine (CBGM) Medical College of Georgia Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912-4810, USA
| | - Zhang Yanran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases; Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Eelko Hak
- PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nawsherwan
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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21
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Ngo NTN, Nguyen HT, Nguyen PTL, Vo TTT, Phung TL, Pham AG, Vo TV, Dang MTN, Nguyen Le Bao T, Duong KNC. Health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients in low-and-middle-income countries in Asia: a systematic review. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1180383. [PMID: 37389285 PMCID: PMC10304018 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1180383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer remains one of the major cancers worldwide. In Asia, breast cancer is leading both incidence and mortality rates. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies play an important role in clinical treatment. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence of HRQoL and associated factors among patients with breast cancer in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia. Method Performed according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic review, the studies were searched from three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus) up to November 2020. The studies which met the predefined eligibility criteria were selected, extracted, and assessed the quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. Results and Discussion A total of 2,620 studies were searched on the three databases, of which 28 met the selection criteria, then, were included in the systematic review. The Global Health Status (GHS) score of breast cancer patients based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire ranged from 56.32 ± 25.42 to 72.48 ± 15.68. The overall HRQoL scores using the FACT-G and FACT-B instruments ranged from 60.78 ± 13.27 to 82.23 ± 12.55 and from 70.29 ± 13.33 to 108.48 ± 19.82, respectively. Factors affecting HRQoL of patients with breast cancer included age, education level, income, marital status, lifestyle, tumor stage, method, and treatment duration. Patient's income showed a consistent effect on HRQoL while the remaining factors reported inconsistent findings across the studies. In conclusion, the HRQoL of breast cancer patients in LMICs in Asia was low and affected by several sociodemographic factors which should be studied more in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi T. N. Ngo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Toi Lam Phung
- Ministry of Health, Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Gia Pham
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Van Vo
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thi Ngoc Dang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Nguyen Le Bao
- Institute of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh N. C. Duong
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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22
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Choi JE, Kim Z, Park CS, Park EH, Lee SB, Lee SK, Choi YJ, Han J, Jung KW, Kim HJ, Kim HA. Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2019. J Breast Cancer 2023; 26:207-220. [PMID: 37387348 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2023.26.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an annual update of Korean breast cancer statistics, including the incidence, tumor stage, type of surgical treatment, and mortality. The data was collected from the Korean Breast Cancer Society registry system and Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2019, 29,729 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer has continued to increase in incidence since 2002 and been the most common cancer in Korean women since 2019. Of the newly diagnosed cases in 2019, 24,820 (83.5%) were of invasive carcinomas, and 4,909 (16.5%) were of carcinoma in situ. The median age of women with breast cancer was 52.8 years, and breast cancer was most commonly diagnosed in the age group of 40-49 years. The number of patients who have undergone breast conserving surgery has continued to increase since 2016, with 68.6% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery in 2019. The incidence of early-stage breast cancer continues to increase, with stage 0 or I breast cancer accounting for 61.6% of cases. The most common subtype of breast cancer is the hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative subtype (63.1%). The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with breast cancer from 2015 to 2019 was 93.6%, with an increase of 14.3% compared to that from 1993 to 1995. This report improves our understanding of breast cancer characteristics in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chan Sub Park
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Park
- Department of Surgery, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sae Byul Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jaihong Han
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- The Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Adiputra PAT, Sudarsa IW, Wihandani DM, Saputra IPGS, Wiranata S, Supadmanaba IGP. Analysis of PD-L1 Expression in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Asian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1453-1462. [PMID: 37247264 PMCID: PMC10495883 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the level of PD-L1 protein expression in patients with BCs who were of Asian descent. METHODS Three databases were conducted on this article up to August 10th, 2022. The reference lists of the publications were examined for further studies, and in cases of duplicates, a study with a larger sample size was added. In survival analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) was applied to the circumstances characterized by the frequency of occurrences, and for the clinicopathological characteristic, the best-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was utilized to evaluate selection criteria, comparison, and exposure to establish the quality of the technique in the under-consideration studies. The Z test determined the association analysis of OS, DFS, and clinicopathological characteristics with PD-L1 expression. RESULT All eight trials for OS and six for DFS were considered, with 4.111 and 3.071 participants, respectively. Overexpression of PD-L1 was linked to a reduced OS compared to individuals with undetectable expression (HR= 1.58, 95% CI 1.04-2.40; P=0.03). We analyzed clinicopathological features, and it elevated in individuals with histological grade III (OR=2.39, 95% CI 1.26-4.54; P=0.008) and positive node (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.97; P<0.05). CONCLUSION Overexpression of PD-L1 was associated with a shorter OS in BCs patients. High PDL1 was higher in persons with nodal positivity and histological grade III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - I Wayan Sudarsa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Desak Made Wihandani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | | | - Sinta Wiranata
- Internship Doctor, Wangaya Regional Public Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - I Gede Putu Supadmanaba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
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24
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Nimbalkar VP, Rajarajan S, V P S, Alexander A, Kaluve R, Selvam S, Ramesh R, B S S, Prabhu JS. A comparative analysis of clinicopathological features and survival between pre and postmenopausal breast cancer from an Indian cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3938. [PMID: 36894588 PMCID: PMC9998443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) among premenopausal women is an aggressive disease associated with poor outcome despite intensive treatment. Higher burden is observed in southeast Asian countries attributed to younger population structure. We compared the reproductive and clinicopathological characteristics, distribution of subtypes and survival between pre and postmenopausal women from a retrospective cohort of BC patients with median follow up over 6 years to examine the differences. In our cohort of 446 BC patients, 162/446 (36.3%) were premenopausal. Parity and age at last childbirth were significantly different between pre and postmenopausal women. Premenopausal BC had a higher proportion of HER2 amplified and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors (p = 0.012). Stratified analysis by molecular subtypes showed TNBC had significantly better disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among premenopausal group (mean survival, pre vs. post, DFS = 79.2 vs. 54.0 months, OS = 72.5 vs. 49.5 months, p = 0.002 for both). Analysis on external datasets (SCAN-B, METABRIC) confirmed this finding for overall survival. Our data confirmed the previously observed association of clinical and pathological features between pre and postmenopausal BC. Exploration of better survival among premenopausal TNBC tumors is warranted in larger cohorts with long term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Nimbalkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Snijesh V P
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Annie Alexander
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohini Kaluve
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, St. John's Research Institute, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Ramesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath B S
- Department of Surgery, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Chan YS, Hung WK, Yuen LW, Chan HYY, Chu CWW, Cheung PSY. Comparison of Characteristics of Breast Cancer Detected through Different Imaging Modalities in a Large Cohort of Hong Kong Chinese Women: Implication of Imaging Choice on Upcoming Local Screening Program. Breast J 2022; 2022:3882936. [PMID: 37228360 PMCID: PMC10205402 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3882936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background We compared the clinico-radio-pathological characteristics of breast cancer detected through mammogram (MMG) and ultrasound (USG) and discuss the implication of the choice of imaging as the future direction of our recently launched local screening program. Methods Retrospective study of 14613 Hong Kong Chinese female patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer registered in the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry between January 2006 and February 2020. Patients were classified into four groups based on the mode of breast cancer detection (detectable by both mammogram and ultrasound (MMG+/USG+), mammogram only (MMG+/USG-), ultrasound only (MMG-/USG+), or not detectable by either (MMG-/USG-). Characteristics of breast cancer detected were compared, including patient demographics, breast density on MMG, mode of presentation, tumour size, histological type, and staging. Types of mammographic abnormalities were also evaluated for MMG+ subgroups. Results 85% of the cancers were detectable by MMG, while USG detected an additional 9%. MMG+/USG+ cancers were larger, more advanced in stage, often of symptomatic presentation, and commonly manifested as mammographic mass. MMG+/USG- cancers were more likely of asymptomatic presentation, manifested as microcalcifications, and of earlier stage and to be ductal carcinoma in situ. MMG-/USG+ cancers were more likely seen in young patients and those with denser breasts and more likely of symptomatic presentation. MMG-/USG- cancers were often smaller and found in denser breasts. Conclusion Mammogram has a good detection rate of cancers in our local population. It has superiority in detecting early cancers by detecting microcalcifications. Our current study agrees that ultrasound is one of the key adjunct tools of breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Shuen Chan
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ka Hung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, 22/F, Jupiter Tower, 9 Jupiter Street, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lok Wa Yuen
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, 22/F, Jupiter Tower, 9 Jupiter Street, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yan Yolanda Chan
- Breast Health Clinic, CUHK Medical Centre, 9 Chak Cheung Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chiu Wing Winnie Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Suk Yee Cheung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, 22/F, Jupiter Tower, 9 Jupiter Street, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
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