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Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen P, Chen G, Chen X. GLI1 polymorphisms influence remission rate and prognosis of young de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with cytarabine-based chemotherapy. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1967-1977. [PMID: 38676765 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy. Cytarabine (Ara-C)-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for AML, but currently known prognostic risk stratification factors cannot fully explain the individual differences in outcome of patients. In this article, we reported that patients with homozygous GLI1 rs2228224 mutation (AA genotype) had a significantly lower complete remission rate than those with GG wild type (54.17% vs.76.02%, OR = 1.993, 95% CI: 1.062-3.504, P = 0.031). GLI1 rs2229300 T allele carriers had remarkably shorter overall survival (513 vs. 645 days, P = 0.004) and disease-free survival (342 vs. 456 days, P = 0.033) than rs2229300 GG carriers. Rs2229300 G > T variation increased the transcriptional activity of GLI1. CCND1, CD44 and PROM1 were potential target genes differentially regulated by GLI1 rs2229300. Our results demonstrated for the first time that GLI1 polymorphisms influence chemosensitivity and prognosis of young de novo AML patients treated with Ara-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Rico-Fuentes C, López-Pulido EI, Pérez-Guerrero EE, Godínez-Rubí M, Villegas-Pineda JC, Villanueva-Pérez MA, Sierra-Díaz E, Zepeda-Nuño JS, Pereira-Suárez AL, Ramírez-de-Arellano A. Positive correlation between the nuclear expression of GPER and pGLI3 in prostate cancer tissues from patients with different Gleason scores. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1333284. [PMID: 38370352 PMCID: PMC10870147 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1333284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cause of death in the male population worldwide. The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) has been gaining relevance in the development of PCa. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and relapse in PCa patients. To date, no studies have evaluated the crosstalk between the GPER and the Hh pathway along different group grades in PCa. We conducted an analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues derived from patients with different prognostic grade of PCa using immunohistochemistry. Expression and correlation between GPER and glioma associated oncogene homologue (GLI) transcriptional factors in the parenchyma and stroma of PCa tumors were evaluated. Our results indicate that GPER is highly expressed in the nucleus and increases with higher grade groups. Additionally, GPER's expression correlates with pGLI3 nuclear expression across different grade groups in PCa tissues; however, whether the receptor induces the activation of GLI transcriptional factors, or the latter modulate the expression of GPER is yet to be discovered, as well as the functional consequence of this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rico-Fuentes
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edgar Iván López-Pulido
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edsaúl Emilio Pérez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquimica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patologia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Julio César Villegas-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Erick Sierra-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Epidemiología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquimica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patologia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patología Diagnóstica e Inmunohistoquimica, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patologia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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3
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Liu BW, Cao JL, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zeng Q, Liu WP, Zhang JH, Fan YZ, Dou J. GANT61, an inhibitor of Gli1, inhibits the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Investig Med 2024; 72:181-192. [PMID: 37724700 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231204056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, the terminal glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) regulates the expression of critical genes in the Hh pathway. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-HCC effect of the Gli1 inhibitor, GANT61. In vitro analysis including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and migration and invasion assay were adopted to evaluate the effect of GANT61 on HCC cell lines. In vivo, xenograft studies were also performed to verify the effect of GANT61 on HCC. By CCK-8 assay, we found that GANT61 could significantly reduce the growth of HCC cell lines Huh7 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLE), and their IC50 concentrations were 4.481 and 6.734 μM, respectively. Flow cytometry shows that GANT61 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and accelerated apoptosis of both HLE and Huh7 cells. While migration and invasion assay shows that GANT61 weakens cells' migration and invasion ability. Besides that, GANT61 inhibits the expression of Gli1, FoxM1, CyclinD1, and Bcl-2, upregulates the level of Bax protein, and also reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program by downregulating the expression of Vimentin and N-Cadherin and upregulating the expression of epithelial E-Cadherin expression. Furthermore, GANT61 inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of Huh7 cells in nude mice. Overall, this study suggests that Gli1 is a potential target for therapy and GANT61 shows promising therapeutic potential for future treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Lin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen-Peng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi-Ze Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Han X, Liang L, He C, Ren Q, Su J, Cao L, Zheng J. A real-world study and network pharmacology analysis of EGFR-TKIs combined with ZLJT to delay drug resistance in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:422. [PMID: 37990309 PMCID: PMC10664478 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of combining epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) with ZiLongJin Tablet (ZLJT) in delaying acquired resistance in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Furthermore, we employed network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A retrospective comparative study was conducted on stage IIIc/IV LUAD patients treated with EGFR-TKIs alone or in combination with ZLJT at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University between January 1, 2017, and May 1, 2023. The study evaluated the onset of TKI resistance, adverse reaction rates, safety indicators (such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine), and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) to investigate the impact of EGFR-TKI combined with ZLJT on acquired resistance and prognostic indicators. Additionally, we utilized the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PubChem, UniProt, and Swiss Target Prediction databases to identify the active ingredients and targets of ZLJT. We obtained differentially expressed genes related to EGFR-TKI sensitivity and resistance from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using the GSE34228 dataset, which included sensitive (n = 26) and resistant (n = 26) PC9 cell lines. The "limma" package in R software was employed to detect DEGs. Based on this, we constructed a protein‒protein interaction network, performed gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses, and conducted pathway network analysis to elucidate the correlation between the active ingredients in ZLJT and signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking was performed using AutoDockVina, PYMOL 2.2.0, and Discovery Studio Client v19.1.0 software to simulate spatial and energy matching during the recognition process between predicted targets and their corresponding compounds. RESULTS (1) A total of 89 patients were included, with 40 patients in the EGFR-TKI combined with ZLJT group (combination group) and 49 patients in the EGFR-TKI alone group (monotherapy group). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. There was a significant difference in the onset of resistance between the combination group and the monotherapy group (P < 0.01). Compared to the monotherapy group, the combination group showed a prolongation of 3.27 months in delayed acquired resistance. There was also a statistically significant difference in the onset of resistance to first-generation TKIs between the two groups (P < 0.05). (2) In terms of safety analysis, the incidence of adverse reactions related to EGFR-TKIs was 12.5% in the combination group and 14.3% in the monotherapy group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum AST, ALT, CREA, TBIL, ALB and BUN levels between the two groups after medication (P > 0.05). (3) Regarding inflammatory markers, there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio(NLR) and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio(PLR) values before and after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Network pharmacology analysis identified 112 active ingredients and 290 target genes for ZLJT. From the GEO database, 2035 differentially expressed genes related to resistant LUAD were selected, and 39 target genes were obtained by taking the intersection. A "ZLJT-compound-target-disease" network was successfully constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.0. GO enrichment analysis revealed that ZLJT mainly affected biological processes such as adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor. In terms of cellular components, ZLJT was associated with the cell projection membrane. The molecular function primarily focused on protein heterodimerization activity. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that ZLJT exerted its antitumor and anti-drug resistance effects through pathways such as the PI3K-Akt pathway. Molecular docking showed that luteolin had good binding activity with FOS (-9.8 kJ/mol), as did tanshinone IIA with FOS (-9.8 kJ/mol) and quercetin with FOS (-8.7 kJ/mol). CONCLUSION ZLJT has potential antitumor progression effects. For patients with EGFR gene-mutated non-small cell LUAD, combining ZLJT with EGFR-TKI treatment can delay the occurrence of acquired resistance. The underlying mechanisms may involve altering signal transduction pathways, blocking the tumor cell cycle, inhibiting tumor activity, enhancing cellular vitality, and improving the bioavailability of combination therapy. The combination of EGFR-TKI and ZLJT represents an effective approach for the treatment of tumors using both Chinese and Western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Liang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming He
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinyou Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialin Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jin Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li K, Xue S. Hedgehog signaling and the glioma-associated oncogene in cancer radioresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1257173. [PMID: 38020914 PMCID: PMC10679362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1257173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor radioresistance remains a key clinical challenge. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway and glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) are aberrantly activated in several cancers and are thought to contribute to cancer radioresistance by influencing DNA repair, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, autophagy, cancer stem cells, the cell cycle, and the tumor microenvironment. GLI is reported to activate the main DNA repair pathways, to interact with cell cycle regulators like Cyclin D and Cyclin E, to inhibit apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma-2, Forkhead Box M1, and the MYC proto-oncogene, to upregulate cell stemness related genes (Nanog, POU class 5 homeobox 1, SRY-box transcription factor 2, and the BMI1 proto-oncogene), and to promote cancer stem cell transformation. The inactivation of Patched, the receptor of HH, prevents caspase-mediated apoptosis. This causes some cancer cells to survive while others become cancer stem cells, resulting in cancer recurrence. Combination treatment using HH inhibitors (including GLI inhibitors) and conventional therapies may enhance treatment efficacy. However, the clinical use of HH signaling inhibitors is associated with toxic side effects and drug resistance. Nevertheless, selective HH agonists, which may relieve the adverse effects of inhibitors, have been developed in mouse models. Combination therapy with other pathway inhibitors or immunotherapy may effectively overcome resistance to HH inhibitors. A comprehensive cancer radiotherapy with HH or GLI inhibitor is more likely to enhance cancer treatment efficacy while further studies are still needed to overcome its adverse effects and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Nephrology Department, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zaky DA, Sayed RH, Mohamed YS. Liraglutide limits the immunogenic cell death-mediated ROS propagation and PI3K/AKT inactivation after doxorubicin-induced gonadotoxicity in rats: Involvement of the canonical Hedgehog trajectory. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110212. [PMID: 37094542 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-accompanied reproductive dysfunction has lately begun to draw the attention of the scientific community owing to the irreversible impact on the patient's quality of life. Here we tended to investigate the potential role of liraglutide (LRG) in modulating the canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in doxorubicin (DXR)-induced gonadotoxicity in rats. Female virgin Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; control, DXR-treated (25 mg/kg, single i.p. injection), LRG-treated (150 μg/Kg/day, s.c) and itraconazole (ITC; 150 mg/kg/day, p.o)-pretreated group, as the Hh pathway inhibitor. Treatment with LRG potentiated the PI3K/AKT/p-GSK3β cascade and relieved the oxidative burden-induced by the DXR-driven immunogenic cell death (ICD). LRG also upregulated the expression of the Desert hedgehog ligand (DHh) and the patched-1 (PTCH1) receptor and augmented the protein level of Indian hedgehog (IHh) ligand, Gli1 and cyclin-D1 (CD1). Besides, hypertranscription of IHh, DHh, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1/2 and CD1 genes along with a transcriptional recession of Gli3 gene were reported in LRG-treated group. ITC pre-administration partially abrogated this positive effect of LRG, proving the implication of the examined pathway. Microscopically, LRG ameliorated the follicular atresia noticed in the DXR group; effect that was, at least partially, declined by ITC pre-treatment. These findings end to a conclusion that LRG treatment might hinder the DXR-associated reproductive toxicity, resultant from ROS generated by the cells undergoing ICD, and trigger follicular growth and repair by the PI3K/AKT- dependent switching-on of the canonical Hh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Farheen S, Ahmed SP, Mariyath P M M, Kausar T, Hoda MF, Arif SH, Nayeem SM, Ali A, Chosdol K, Shahi MH. Differential role of Pax6 and its interaction with Shh-Gli1-IDH2 axis in regulation of glioma growth and chemoresistance. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23241. [PMID: 36205257 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a major brain tumor, and the associated mortality rate is very high. Contemporary therapies provide a chance of survival for 9-12 months. Therefore, a novel approach is essential to improve the survival rate. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) cell signaling is critical for early development in various tumors. This investigation attempted to explore the potential interaction and regulation of Shh-Gli1 cell signaling in association with paired box 6 (Pax6) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). The expression pattern of Shh, Gli1, Pax6, and IDH2 was examined by transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry, and confocal images. The results suggest the interaction of Shh-Gli1 cell signaling pathway with Pax6 and IDH2 and potential regulation. Thereafter, we performed protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulations (MDS) of Gli1 with Pax6 and IDH2. The results suggest differential dynamic interactions of Gli1-IDH2 and Gli1-Pax6. Gli1 knockdown downregulated the expression of Pax6 and upregulated the expression of IDH2. Moreover, Gli1 knockdown decreased the expression of the drug resistance gene MRP1. The knockdown of Pax6 gene in glioma cells downregulated the expression of Gli1 and IDH2 and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of the treatment of glioma cells with temozolomide (TMZ) and Gli1 inhibitor GANT61 was higher than that of TMZ alone. MDS results revealed that the interactions of Gli1 with IDH2 were stronger and more stable than those with Pax6. Intriguingly, inhibition of Pax6 promoted glioma growth even in the presence of TMZ. However, the tumor-suppressive nature of Pax6 was altered when Gli1 was inhibited by GANT61, and it showed potential oncogenic character, as observed in other cancers. Therefore, we conclude that Pax6 interacted with IDH2 and Gli1 in glioma. Moreover, the Shh-Gli1-IDH2/Pax6 cell signaling axis provides a new therapeutic approach for inhibiting the progression of the disease and mitigating drug resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Farheen
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swalih P Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mubeena Mariyath P M
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tasneem Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Fakhrul Hoda
- Department of Neuro Surgery, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayeedul H Arif
- Department of Pathology, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahid M Nayeem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehdi H Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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9
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Huang Z, Gong P, Xie M. Deriving prognostic significance from a molecular subtype model of laryngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2022; 44:2206-2219. [PMID: 35809031 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored whether laryngeal carcinoma could be divided into different subtypes based on molecular differences using a molecular subtype-prediction model. METHODS We extracted data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and then performed unsupervised cluster analysis to identify discrete molecular subtypes of laryngeal carcinoma. Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to detect differentially expressed genes for each subtype, and gene set enrichment analysis and the GenCliP3 software were used to label gene functions and identify key pathways. RESULTS We categorized 126 patients into C1 and C2 molecular subtypes associated with pathologic grade. The C2 subtype appeared more aggressive, with a worse prognosis. The most significant enrichment pathway of the C2 subtype was the Hedgehog pathway, and GLI1 was a core gene. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal carcinoma can be divided into two subtypes based on differences in molecular expression, which could identify key molecules associated with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinggui Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqiang Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
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10
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Wang Q, Chai L, Zhang Q, Wang J, Liu J, Chen H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Shen N, Xie X, Li M. Induction of GLI1 by miR-27b-3p/FBXW7/KLF5 pathway contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 171:16-29. [PMID: 35810662 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), a zinc-finger transcription factor, is upregulated in tumors and promotes cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, whether GLI1 involves in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and migration and the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying GLI1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are not yet clear. Primary cultured rat PASMCs and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats model were applied to address these issues in the present study. We found that the expression of GLI1 was significantly increased in endothelin-1 (ET-1) treated PASMCs, accompanied with the activation of microRNA (miR)-27b-3p/F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7)/kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5)/GLI1 pathway through endothelin-1 receptor type A (ETAR). Elevated miR-27b-3p suppressed FBXW7 expression, which led to KLF5 accumulation by decreasing its ubiquitinated degradation, KLF5 further induced GLI1 upregulation leading to PASMCs proliferation and migration. In addition, in MCT-induced PAH rats, targeting ETAR/miR-27b-3p/FBXW7/KLF5/GLI1 pathway effectively prevented the pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of PAH in rats. Our study indicates that interfering ETAR/miR-27b-3p/FBXW7/KLF5/GLI1 signaling axis might have a potential value in the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Nirui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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11
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Mir-326 potentiates radiosensitivity of cervical squamous cell carcinoma through downregulating SMO expression in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:981-991. [PMID: 35751784 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy resistance affects the therapeutic effect of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Smoothened (Smo) is an anticancer target of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and its mutation is related to drug resistance. OBJECTIVE To explore the roles of miR-326 and Smoothened (SMO) on radiation resistance in patients with cervical carcinoma. METHODS Expression of miR-326 and SMO in cervical cancer tissue and radioresistant cell lines were analyzed. The radiation response with the expression of miR-326 was evaluated in tissue and cells. Bioinformatics analysis and literature review were performed to explore the target of miR-326. The regulation of miR-326 to SMO mRNA was verified through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Patients with poor radiation response have lower miR-326 and higher SMO expression. Upregulation of miR-326 decreased SMO expression and its downstream proteins but does not affect the proliferation of CSCC cells. The upregulation of miR-326 increased radiation sensitivity of the CSCC cell through downregulating SMO and its downstream proteins in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS miR-326 may predict the treatment response to radiation, and upregulating miR-326 may improve the treatment response to radiation.
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12
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Mendik P, Kerestély M, Kamp S, Deritei D, Kunšič N, Vassy Z, Csermely P, Veres DV. Translocating proteins compartment-specifically alter the fate of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a compartmentalized Boolean network model. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:19. [PMID: 35680961 PMCID: PMC9184490 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of translocating proteins is crucial in defining cellular behaviour. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in cellular processes, such as cancer progression. Several orchestrators of EMT, such as key transcription factors, are known to translocate. We show that translocating proteins become enriched in EMT-signalling. To simulate the compartment-specific functions of translocating proteins we created a compartmentalized Boolean network model. This model successfully reproduced known biological traits of EMT and as a novel feature it also captured organelle-specific functions of proteins. Our results predicted that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) compartment-specifically alters the fate of EMT, amongst others the activation of nuclear GSK3B halts transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB) induced EMT. Moreover, our results recapitulated that the nuclear activation of glioma associated oncogene transcription factors (GLI) is needed to achieve a complete EMT. Compartmentalized network models will be useful to uncover novel control mechanisms of biological processes. Our algorithmic procedures can be automatically rerun on the https://translocaboole.linkgroup.hu website, which provides a framework for similar future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Mendik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Kerestély
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dávid Deritei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nina Kunšič
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Vassy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel V Veres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Turbine Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
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13
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Peng R, Li B, Chen S, Shi Z, Yu L, Gao Y, Yang X, Lu L, Wang H. Deleterious Rare Mutations of GLI1 Dysregulate Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Human Congenital Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:798033. [PMID: 35445092 PMCID: PMC9014293 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.798033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) family members of zinc finger DNA-binding proteins are core effectors of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. Studies in model organisms have identified that the Gli genes play critical roles during organ development, including the heart, brain, kidneys, etc. Deleterious mutations in GLI genes have previously been revealed in several human developmental disorders, but few in congenital heart disease (CHD). In this study, the mutations in GLI1-3 genes were captured by next generation sequencing in human cohorts composed of 412 individuals with CHD and 213 ethnically matched normal controls. A total of 20 patient-specific nonsynonymous rare mutations in coding regions of human GLI1-3 genes were identified. Functional analyses showed that GLI1 c.820G> T (p.G274C) is a gain-of-function mutation, while GLI1 c.878G>A (p.R293H) and c.1442T>A (p.L481X) are loss-of-function mutations. Our findings suggested that deleterious rare mutations in GLI1 gene broke the balance of the SHH signaling pathway regulation and may constitute a great contribution to human CHD, which shed new light on understanding genetic mechanism of embryo cardiogenesis regulated by SHH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shuxia Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Children's Hospital at Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Yunqian Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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GLI3 and androgen receptor are mutually dependent for their malignancy-promoting activity in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Khan I. Understanding and Targeting the Colon Cancer Pathogenesis: A Molecular Perspective. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey; Integral University, India
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16
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Wahyudi F, Aghakhanian F, Rahman S, Teo YY, Szpak M, Dhaliwal J, Ayub Q. Prioritising positively selected variants in whole-genome sequencing data using FineMAV. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:604. [PMID: 34922440 PMCID: PMC8684245 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In population genomics, polymorphisms that are highly differentiated between geographically separated populations are often suggestive of Darwinian positive selection. Genomic scans have highlighted several such regions in African and non-African populations, but only a handful of these have functional data that clearly associates candidate variations driving the selection process. Fine-Mapping of Adaptive Variation (FineMAV) was developed to address this in a high-throughput manner using population based whole-genome sequences generated by the 1000 Genomes Project. It pinpoints positively selected genetic variants in sequencing data by prioritizing high frequency, population-specific and functional derived alleles. Results We developed a stand-alone software that implements the FineMAV statistic. To graphically visualise the FineMAV scores, it outputs the statistics as bigWig files, which is a common file format supported by many genome browsers. It is available as a command-line and graphical user interface. The software was tested by replicating the FineMAV scores obtained using 1000 Genomes Project African, European, East and South Asian populations and subsequently applied to whole-genome sequencing datasets from Singapore and China to highlight population specific variants that can be subsequently modelled. The software tool is publicly available at https://github.com/fadilla-wahyudi/finemav. Conclusions The software tool described here determines genome-wide FineMAV scores, using low or high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets, that can be used to prioritize a list of population specific, highly differentiated candidate variants for in vitro or in vivo functional screens. The tool displays these scores on the human genome browsers for easy visualisation, annotation and comparison between different genomic regions in worldwide human populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04506-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadilla Wahyudi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Farhang Aghakhanian
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation,, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michał Szpak
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jasbir Dhaliwal
- School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Qasim Ayub
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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17
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Mani C, Tripathi K, Omy TR, Reedy M, Manne U, Palle K. GLI1-targeting drugs induce replication stress and homologous recombination deficiency and synergize with PARP-targeted therapies in triple negative breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166300. [PMID: 34748904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive and highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1) is a transcription factor and effector of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, and is predictive of poor survival for TNBC patients. A nanostring DNA Damage Response (DDR) mRNA panel was used to identify GLI1-induced regulation of DDR genes. Western blots, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate protein expression. Colony assays and mammosphere formation assays were utilized to assess survival of cancer cells. Flow cytometry analyses were employed to evaluate changes in the cell cycle profile, and DNA fiber assays were used to analyze alterations in replication dynamics in TNBC cells. The UALCAN portal and Ensemble programs were used for computational analysis of TCGA data. CompuSyn software was used to calculate combination index (CI) values to assess synergism in drug combination experiments. Inhibition of GLI1 in TNBC cells transcriptionally downregulate expression of FANCD2 and its foci formation, and causes a homologous recombination repair (HR) deficiency. As HR-deficient cancer cells are sensitive to PARP-targeted therapies, we evaluated a combination of the GLI1 inhibitor, GANT61, and a PARP inhibitor (olaparib) in TNBC cells. Combination of GANT61 and olaparib elevated DNA damage levels and these drug combinations caused synergistic lethality to TNBC cells. Aberrantly activated GLI1 regulates HR-mediated DNA repair by transcriptionally regulating FANCD2 to overcome chemotherapy-induced replication stress and DNA damage, and it contributes to resistance of TNBC cells to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36904, USA
| | - Tasmin R Omy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Mark Reedy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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18
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Chen D, Kang X, Li Z, Chen L, Ma Q, Fan P. Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway regulates the resistance to cisplatin in human osteosarcoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6676-6684. [PMID: 34659557 PMCID: PMC8518013 DOI: 10.7150/jca.61591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway in regulating the resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma (OS). Materials and methods: Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and qRT-PCR assay were performed to analyze and compare the expression of GLI1 in OS tumor tissue and normal bone tissue as well as in cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines (SOSP-9607 and SOSP-9607/CR). Meanwhile, the biological role of GLI1 in OS was investigated by using down-regulated expression of GLI1 and functional assays, including CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and wound healing assay. Moreover, the relationship between GLI1 and γ-H2AX (DNA damage protein) in cells treated with GLI1 siRNA and cisplatin was examined using western blot analysis. In addition, GANT61, a inhibitor of Hedgehog pathway was used in xenograft tumor model to further verify the effect and mechanism of GLI1 on cisplatin resistance in OS. Results: We showed that GLI1 expression was up-regulated in OS patients and cisplatin-resistant cells. Silencing GLI1 significantly restored the sensitivity of OS to cisplatin, reduced proliferation, migration and cloning capacity of cisplatin sensitive and resistant cells, and increased the apoptosis rate in vitro. Furthermore, combined administration of GANT61 and cisplatin markedly inhibitted tumor growth in the mouse model. Mechanitic studies found that γ-H2AX is involved in the cisplatin resistance, and blockade of Hedgehog/GLI1 pathway increased the expression of γ-H2AX. Conclusion: Abnormal activation of Hedgehog-GLI1 pathway can regulate the expression of γ-H2AX, thus affecting DNA damage and repair functions, and promoting acquired cisplatin resistance of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daosen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaodiao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Pei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou 325027, China
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19
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Mani C, Tripathi K, Chaudhary S, Somasagara RR, Rocconi RP, Crasto C, Reedy M, Athar M, Palle K. Hedgehog/GLI1 Transcriptionally Regulates FANCD2 in Ovarian Tumor Cells: Its Inhibition Induces HR-Deficiency and Synergistic Lethality with PARP Inhibition. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1002-1015. [PMID: 34380074 PMCID: PMC8361230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal type of cancer in women due to a lack of effective targeted therapies and high rates of treatment resistance and disease recurrence. Recently Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promise as chemotherapeutic agents; however, their efficacy is limited to a small fraction of patients with BRCA mutations. Here we show a novel function for the Hedgehog (Hh) transcription factor Glioma associated protein 1 (GLI1) in regulation of key Fanconi anemia (FA) gene, FANCD2 in OC cells. GLI1 inhibition in HR-proficient OC cells induces HR deficiency (BRCAness), replication stress and synergistic lethality when combined with PARP inhibition. Treatment of OC cells with combination of GLI1 and PARP inhibitors shows enhanced DNA damage, synergy in cytotoxicity, and strong in vivo anticancer responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al 35294, USA
| | - Ranganatha R Somasagara
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Al 36904, USA
| | - Chiquito Crasto
- Center for BioTechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mark Reedy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al 35294, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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20
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Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Principe DR, Nair RS, Kumar S, Singh SK, Das S, Sinha SC, Grippo PJ, Grimaldo S, Giulianotti PC, Rana B, Rana A. Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 phosphorylates prolyl-isomerase PIN1 and potentiates GLI1 signaling in pancreatic cancer development. Cancer Lett 2021; 515:1-13. [PMID: 34052323 PMCID: PMC8215900 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 (GLI1) is activated by sonic hedgehog (SHH) cascade and is an established driver of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, therapies targeting upstream hedgehog signaling have shown little to no efficacy in clinical trials. Here, we identify Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3) as a druggable regulator of oncogenic GLI1. Earlier, we reported that MLK3 phosphorylated a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1 on the S138 site, and the PIN1-pS138 translocated to the nucleus. In this report, we identify GLI1 as one of the targets of PIN1-pS138 and demonstrate that PIN1-pS138 is upregulated in human PDAC and strongly associates with the upregulation of GLI1 and MLK3 expression. Moreover, we also identified two new phosphorylation sites on GLI1, T394, and S1089, which are directly phosphorylated by MLK3 to promote GLI1 nuclear translocation, transcriptional activity, and cell proliferation. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 by CEP-1347 promoted apoptosis in PDAC cell lines, reduced tumor burden, extended survival, and reduced GLI1 expression in the Pdx1-Cre x LSL-KRASG12D x LSL-TP53R172H (KPC) mouse model of PDAC. These findings collectively suggest that MLK3 is an important regulator of oncogenic GLI1 and that therapies targeting MLK3 warrant consideration in the management of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniel R Principe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rakesh Sathish Nair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Subhasis Das
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sam Grimaldo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pier Cristoforo Giulianotti
- Division of General, Minimally Invasive, and Robotic Surgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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21
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Trivedi P, Patel SK, Bellavia D, Messina E, Palermo R, Ceccarelli S, Marchese C, Anastasiadou E, Minter LM, Felli MP. When Viruses Cross Developmental Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691644. [PMID: 34422814 PMCID: PMC8375270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of developmental pathways plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor cells differ from normal cells in their sustained proliferation, replicative immortality, resistance to cell death and growth inhibition, angiogenesis, and metastatic behavior. Often they acquire these features as a consequence of dysregulated Hedgehog, Notch, or WNT signaling pathways. Human tumor viruses affect the cancer cell hallmarks by encoding oncogenic proteins, and/or by modifying the microenvironment, as well as by conveying genomic instability to accelerate cancer development. In addition, viral immune evasion mechanisms may compromise developmental pathways to accelerate tumor growth. Viruses achieve this by influencing both coding and non-coding gene regulatory pathways. Elucidating how oncogenic viruses intersect with and modulate developmental pathways is crucial to understanding viral tumorigenesis. Many currently available antiviral therapies target viral lytic cycle replication but with low efficacy and severe side effects. A greater understanding of the cross-signaling between oncogenic viruses and developmental pathways will improve the efficacy of next-generation inhibitors and pave the way to more targeted antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Avery JT, Zhang R, Boohaker RJ. GLI1: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673154. [PMID: 34113570 PMCID: PMC8186314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional effector at the terminal end of the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway and is tightly regulated during embryonic development and tissue patterning/differentiation. GLI1 has low-level expression in differentiated tissues, however, in certain cancers, aberrant activation of GLI1 has been linked to the promotion of numerous hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic rewiring, and chemotherapeutic resistance. All of these are driven, in part, by GLI1’s role in regulating cell cycle, DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes. The consequences of GLI1 oncogenic activity, specifically the activity surrounding DNA damage repair proteins, such as NBS1, and cell cycle proteins, such as CDK1, can be linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving GLI1 dysregulation can provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to identify a patient population that would derive therapeutic benefit from either direct inhibition of GLI1 or targeted therapy towards proteins downstream of GLI1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Avery
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
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23
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Iriana S, Asha K, Repak M, Sharma-Walia N. Hedgehog Signaling: Implications in Cancers and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 33494284 PMCID: PMC7864517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development, smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair following injury, and tissue polarity during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc-finger transcription factors and smoothened (SMO) are the signal transducers of the SHH pathway. Both SHH ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms activate GLI proteins. Various transcriptional mechanisms, posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic processing, SUMOylation, and acetylation), and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling control the activity of SHH signaling pathway proteins. The dysregulated SHH pathway is associated with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, GLIomas, medulloblastomas, leukemias, and tumors of breast, lung, skin, prostate, brain, gastric, and pancreas. While extensively studied in development and sarcomas, GLI family proteins play an essential role in many host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial and viral infections and their associated cancers. Viruses hijack host GLI family transcription factors and their downstream signaling cascades to enhance the viral gene transcription required for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss a distinct role(s) of GLI proteins in the process of tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions in the context of viral infection-associated malignancies and cancers due to other causes. Here, we emphasize the potential of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway targeting as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic approach, which in the future could also be tested in infection-associated fatalities.
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24
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Kuehn J, Espinoza-Sanchez NA, Teixeira FCOB, Pavão MSG, Kiesel L, Győrffy B, Greve B, Götte M. Prognostic significance of hedgehog signaling network-related gene expression in breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:577-597. [PMID: 33417295 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be a serious public health problem. The role of the hedgehog pathway in normal development of the mammary gland as well as in carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer is the subject of intense investigation, revealing functional interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate. Nevertheless, its influence on breast cancer prognosis, and its relation to specific sulfation motifs in heparan sulfate have only been poorly studied in large patient cohorts. Using the public database KMplotter that includes gene expression and survival data of 3951 patients, we found that the higher expression of SHH, HHAT, PTCH1, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 positively influences breast cancer prognosis. Stratifying patients according to the expression of hormone receptors, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and systemic therapy, we observed that GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 expression, as well as co-expression of SHH and ELP1 were associated with worse relapse-free survival in patients with HER2-positive tumors. Moreover, GLI1 expression in progesterone receptor-negative tumors and GLI3 expression in grade 3 tumors correlated with poor prognosis. SHH, in a panel of cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes, and HHAT, PTCH1, GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 were mostly expressed in cell lines classified as HER2-positive and basal-like. Expression of SHH, HHAT, GLI2, and GLI3 was differentially affected by overexpression of the heparan sulfate sulfotransferases HS2ST1 and HS3ST2 in vitro. Although high HS2ST1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in KMplotter analysis, high levels of HS3ST2 were associated with a good prognosis, except for ER-positive breast cancer. We suggest the GLI transcription factors as possible markers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer especially in HER2-positive tumors, but also in progesterone receptor-negative and grade-3 tumors. The pathway interaction and prognostic impact of specific heparan sulfate sulfotransferases provide novel perspectives regarding a therapeutical targeting of the hedgehog pathway in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuehn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sanchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Felipe C O B Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro S G Pavão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, and Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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25
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Onodera S, Nakamura Y, Azuma T. Gorlin Syndrome: Recent Advances in Genetic Testing and Molecular and Cellular Biological Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7559. [PMID: 33066274 PMCID: PMC7590212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gorlin syndrome is a skeletal disorder caused by a gain of function mutation in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. The Hh family comprises of many signaling mediators, which, through complex mechanisms, play several important roles in various stages of development. The Hh information pathway is essential for bone tissue development. It is also the major driver gene in the development of basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. In this review, we first present the recent advances in Gorlin syndrome research, in particular, the signaling mediators of the Hh pathway and their functions at the genetic level. Then, we discuss the phenotypes of mutant mice and Hh signaling-related molecules in humans revealed by studies using induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Yuriko Nakamura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
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26
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Chen M, Jiang W, Xiao C, Yang W, Qin Q, Mao A, Tan Q, Lian B, Wei C. Sodium Butyrate Combined with Docetaxel for the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Targeting Gli1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8861-8875. [PMID: 32982280 PMCID: PMC7501530 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s252323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed to investigate the combined treating efficacy of sodium butyrate and docetaxel on proliferation and apoptosis of the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line based on Gli1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods RNA interference method was used to overexpress Gli1 in A549 cells. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of sodium butyrate, docetaxel or both in combination. CCK-8, colony formation assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were employed to detect proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Gli1. In vivo tumorigenicity was detected by tumor transplantation in nude mice. Downstream protein levels of Gli1 were detected using Western blot assay. Results It was found that sodium butyrate or docetaxel alone, respectively, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo, while the combination of the two generated significantly higher responses, which were also effective in another lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1299. Furthermore, the combined therapy had an additive effect in suppressing Gli1 expression and regulating the expression of its downstream proteins that involve in proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo, including decreased protein expression of Ki-67, CDK1, CDK2, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Survivin, and increased protein expression of Cyclin A, p21, Bax and cleaved-Caspase 3. On the other hand, Gli1 overexpression perceptibly reversed the above-mentioned additive effect in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the combined therapy of sodium butyrate and docetaxel additively inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via suppressing Gli1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Targeting Gli1 by the combined therapy may provide new insights into the therapeutic management of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixing Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) rs2228226 and rs10783826 polymorphisms and congenital heart disease (CHD) risk in a Chinese Han population.Genotyping for our interested polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 106 CHD patients and 112 healthy controls. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium status in the control group was also checked via χ test. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the case and control groups were analyzed adopting Chi-Squared test as well, and the relative risk of CHD resulting from GLI1 genetic variants was checked via calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).CC genotype of rs2228226 showed significantly higher frequency in CHD patients than in controls (P = .011), indicating that it increased the disease risk (OR = 3.257, 95%CI = 1.280-8.287). Similarly, C allele of the polymorphism elevated CHD incidence by 1.609 folds, compared with G allele (OR = 1.609, 95%CI = 1.089-2.376). However, rs10783826 was not correlated with the occurrence of CHD.GLI1 rs2228226 polymorphism may be a risk factor for CHD in Chinese Han population, but not rs10783826.
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28
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Weber M, Söder S, Sander J, Ries J, Geppert C, Kesting M, Wehrhan F. Craniofacial Osteosarcoma-Pilot Study on the Expression of Osteobiologic Characteristics and Hypothesis on Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:745. [PMID: 32656074 PMCID: PMC7325581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Craniofacial osteosarcomas (COS) and extracranial osteosarcomas (EOS) show distinct clinical differences. COS show a remarkably lower incidence of metastases and a better survival. However, in contrast to EOS, they show a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages and their polarization as well as developmental biological signaling pathways are possible candidates for explaining the clinical differences between COS and EOS. The aim of the study was to analyze differential expression of macrophage markers and important regulators of these pathways. Methods: Twenty osteosarcoma cases (10 COS and 10 EOS) were immunohistochemically stained to assess CD68, CD11c, CD163, MRC1, Gli1, and Gli2 expression. Statistical differences between COS and EOS were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. Additionally, the paper describes an example of multidisciplinary treatment of a patient suffering from COS and discusses the surgical challenges in treatment and rehabilitation of COS. Results: COS showed a significantly (p < 0.05) increased infiltration of CD11c-positive M1 macrophages and a shift toward M1 polarization compared to EOS. Additionally, COS revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower Gli1 expression than EOS. Conclusion: The reduced Gli1 expression in COS can be interpreted as reduced activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The increased M1 polarization and reduced Hh activation in COS could explain the low incidence of metastases in these osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Janina Sander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Das PK, Islam F, Lam AK. The Roles of Cancer Stem Cells and Therapy Resistance in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061392. [PMID: 32503256 PMCID: PMC7348976 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main culprits involved in therapy resistance and disease recurrence in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Results using cell culture, animal models and tissues from patients with CRC suggest the indispensable roles of colorectal CSCs in therapeutic failure. Conventional therapies target proliferating and mature cancer cells, while CSCs are mostly quiescent and poorly differentiated, thereby they can easily survive chemotherapeutic insults. The aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo/YAP (Yes-associated protein) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B facilitates CSCs with excessive self-renewal and therapy resistance property in CRC. CSCs survive the chemo-radiotherapies by escaping therapy mediated DNA damage via altering the cell cycle checkpoints, increasing DNA damage repair capacity and by an efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, dysregulations of miRNAs e.g., miR-21, miR-93, miR-203, miR-215, miR-497 etc., modulate the therapeutic sensitivity of colorectal CSCs by regulating growth and survival signalling. In addition, a reversible quiescent G0 state and the re-entering cell cycle capacity of colorectal CSCs can accelerate tumour regeneration after treatment. Moreover, switching to favourable metabolic signatures during a therapeutic regimen will add more complexity in therapeutic outcomes against CSCs. Therapeutic strategies targeting these underlying mechanisms of CSCs’ therapy resistance could provide a promising outcome, however, deep understanding and concerted research are necessary to design novel therapies targeting CSCs. To conclude, the understanding of these mechanisms of CSC in CRC could lead to the improved management of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: or (F.I.); (A.K.L.); Tel.: +88-0721-750041-9 (F.I.); +61-7-56780718 (A.K.L.); Fax: +88-0721-750064 (F.I.); +61-7-56780303 (A.K.L.)
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence: or (F.I.); (A.K.L.); Tel.: +88-0721-750041-9 (F.I.); +61-7-56780718 (A.K.L.); Fax: +88-0721-750064 (F.I.); +61-7-56780303 (A.K.L.)
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30
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Zhang R, Ma J, Avery JT, Sambandam V, Nguyen TH, Xu B, Suto MJ, Boohaker RJ. GLI1 Inhibitor SRI-38832 Attenuates Chemotherapeutic Resistance by Downregulating NBS1 Transcription in BRAF V600E Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:241. [PMID: 32185127 PMCID: PMC7058788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients contribute significantly to refractory disease and disease progression. Herein, we provide mechanistic rationale for acquired or inherent chemotherapeutic resistance to the anti-tumor effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that is linked to oncogenic GLI1 transcription activity and NBS1 overexpression. Patients with high levels of GLI1 also expressed high levels of NBS1. Non-canonical activation of GLI1 is driven through oncogenic pathways in CRC, like the BRAFV600E mutation. GLI1 was identified as a novel regulator of NBS1 and discovered that by knocking down GLI1 levels in vitro, diminished NBS1 expression, increased DNA damage/apoptosis, and re-sensitization of 5-FU resistant cancer to treatment was observed. Furthermore, a novel GLI1 inhibitor, SRI-38832, which exhibited pharmacokinetic properties suitable for in vivo testing, was identified. GLI1 inhibition in a murine BRAFV600E variant xenograft model of CRC resulted in the same down-regulation of NBS1 observed in vitro as well as significant reduction of tumor growth/burden. GLI1 inhibition could therefore be a therapeutic option for 5-FU resistant and BRAFV600E variant CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhang
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Justin T. Avery
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vijaya Sambandam
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Theresa H. Nguyen
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mark J. Suto
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Boohaker
- Southern Research, Division of Drug Discovery, Birmingham, AL, United States
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IL-24 Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth by Suppressing GLI1 and Inducing DNA Damage. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121879. [PMID: 31783569 PMCID: PMC6966580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of GLI1 is responsible for aggressive tumor behavior and survival due to its effects on the DNA damage response (DDR). We investigated whether interleukin (IL)-24, a tumor suppressor, inhibits GLI1 and the associated DDR pathway in human NSCLCs. IL-24 treatment reduces mRNA and protein expression of GLI1 in lung tumor cells, but not in normal cells. GLI1 reporter assay and mRNA studies demonstrated that IL-24 regulates GLI1 at the post-transcriptional level by favoring mRNA degradation. Associated with GLI1 inhibition was marked suppression of the ATM-mediated DDR pathway resulting in increased DNA damage, as evidenced by γ-H2AX foci and Comet assay. Furthermore, attenuation of GLI1-associated DDR by IL-24 increased caspase-3 and PARP activity, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis. GLI1 inhibition and overexpression confirmed that IL-24-mediated anti-tumor effects involved the GLI-dependent pathway. Finally, we observed that IL-24-mediated alteration in GLI1 is independent of the canonical hedgehog-signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence that IL-24 treatment induces DNA damage, and reduces GLI1 expression and offers an opportunity for testing IL-24-based therapy for inhibiting GLI1 in lung cancer.
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Bhateja P, Cherian M, Majumder S, Ramaswamy B. The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Viable Target in Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081126. [PMID: 31394751 PMCID: PMC6721501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell programs. Deregulation of the Hh pathway is a key driver of basal cell carcinoma, and therapeutic targeting led to approval of Hh inhibitor, vismodegib, in the management of this cancer. The Hh pathway is implicated in other malignancies including hormone receptor (HR+) positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hh signaling, which is activated in human mammary stem cells, results in activation of glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors. High GLI1 expression correlates with worse outcomes in breast cancer. Non-canonical GLI1 activation is one mechanism by which estrogen exposure promotes breast cancer stem cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Tamoxifen resistant cell lines show aberrant activation of Hh signaling, and knockdown of Hh pathway inhibited growth of tamoxifen resistant cells. As in other cancers Hh signaling is activated by the PI3K/AKT pathway in these endocrine resistant cell lines. Hh pathway activation has also been reported to mediate chemotherapy resistance in TNBC via various mechanisms including paracrine signaling to tumor micro-environment and selective proliferation of cancer stem cells. Co-activation of Hh and Wnt signaling pathways is a poor prognostic marker in TNBC. Early phase clinical trials are evaluating the combination of smoothened (SMO) inhibitors and chemotherapy in TNBC. In addition to SMO inhibitors like vismodegib and sonidegib, which are in clinical use for basal cell carcinoma, GLI1 inhibitors like GANT58 and GANT61 are in preclinical drug development and might be an effective mechanism to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer. Gene signatures predictive of Hh pathway activation could enrich for patients likely to respond to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhateja
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarmila Majumder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Pietrobono S, Gagliardi S, Stecca B. Non-canonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Cancer: Activation of GLI Transcription Factors Beyond Smoothened. Front Genet 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31244888 PMCID: PMC6581679 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) pathway is a highly conserved signaling that plays a critical role in controlling cell specification, cell–cell interaction and tissue patterning during embryonic development. Canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the twelve-pass transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the seven-pass transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Thus, active SMO initiates a complex intracellular cascade that leads to the activation of the three GLI transcription factors, the final effectors of the HH-GLI pathway. Aberrant activation of this signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of tumors, such as those of the brain, skin, breast, gastrointestinal, lung, pancreas, prostate and ovary. In several of these cases, activation of HH-GLI signaling is mediated by overproduction of HH ligands (e.g., prostate cancer), loss-of-function mutations in PTCH1 or gain-of-function mutations in SMO, which occur in the majority of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), SHH-subtype medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Besides the classical canonical ligand-PTCH1-SMO route, mounting evidence points toward additional, non-canonical ways of GLI activation in cancer. By non-canonical we refer to all those mechanisms of activation of the GLI transcription factors occurring independently of SMO. Often, in a given cancer type canonical and non-canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling co-exist, and in some cancer types, more than one mechanism of non-canonical activation may occur. Tumors harboring non-canonical HH-GLI signaling are less sensitive to SMO inhibition, posing a threat for therapeutic efficacy of these antagonists. Here we will review the most recent findings on the involvement of alternative signaling pathways in inducing GLI activity in cancer and stem cells. We will also discuss the rationale of targeting these oncogenic pathways in combination with HH-GLI inhibitors as a promising anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pietrobono
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sinforosa Gagliardi
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
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Arsenic Trioxide and (-)-Gossypol Synergistically Target Glioma Stem-Like Cells via Inhibition of Hedgehog and Notch Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030350. [PMID: 30871073 PMCID: PMC6468469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest malignancies and is virtually incurable. Accumulating evidence indicates that a small population of cells with a stem-like phenotype is the major culprit of tumor recurrence. Enhanced DNA repair capacity and expression of stemness marker genes are the main characteristics of these cells. Elimination of this population might delay or prevent tumor recurrence following radiochemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze whether interference with the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway or combined Hh/Notch blockade using small-molecule inhibitors can efficiently target these cancer stem cells and sensitize them to therapy. Using tumor sphere lines and primary patient-derived glioma cultures we demonstrate that the Hh pathway inhibitor GANT61 (GANT) and the arsenic trioxide (ATO)-mediated Hh/Notch inhibition are capable to synergistically induce cell death in combination with the natural anticancer agent (−)-Gossypol (Gos). Only ATO in combination with Gos also strongly decreased stemness marker expression and prevented sphere formation and recovery. These synergistic effects were associated with distinct proteomic changes indicating diminished DNA repair and markedly reduced stemness. Finally, using an organotypic brain slice transplantation model, we show that combined ATO/Gos treatment elicits strong growth inhibition or even complete elimination of tumors. Collectively, our data show for the first time that ATO and Gos, two drugs that can be used in the clinic, represent a promising targeted therapy approach for the synergistic elimination of glioma stem-like cells.
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Wang Y, Zeng H, Liu A. Distinct Activities of Gli1 and Gli2 in the Absence of Ift88 and the Primary Cilia. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7010005. [PMID: 30791390 PMCID: PMC6473256 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilia play essential roles in Hh-dependent Gli2 activation and Gli3 proteolytic processing in mammals. However, the roles of the cilia in Gli1 activation remain unresolved due to the loss of Gli1 transcription in cilia mutant embryos, and the inability to address this question by overexpression in cultured cells. Here, we address the roles of the cilia in Gli1 activation by expressing Gli1 from the Gli2 locus in mouse embryos. We find that the maximal activation of Gli1 depends on the cilia, but partial activation of Gli1 by Smo-mediated Hh signaling exists in the absence of the cilia. Combined with reduced Gli3 repressors, this partial activation of Gli1 leads to dorsal expansion of V3 interneuron and motor neuron domains in the absence of the cilia. Moreover, expressing Gli1 from the Gli2 locus in the presence of reduced Sufu has no recognizable impact on neural tube patterning, suggesting an imbalance between the dosages of Gli and Sufu does not explain the extra Gli1 activity. Finally, a non-ciliary Gli2 variant present at a higher level than Gli1 when expressed from the Gli2 locus fails to activate Hh pathway ectopically in the absence of the cilia, suggesting that increased protein level is unlikely the major factor underlying the ectopic activation of Hh signaling by Gli1 in the absence of the cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Huiqing Zeng
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Sciences, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Huck Institute of Life Science, The Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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A novel, liver-specific long noncoding RNA LINC01093 suppresses HCC progression by interaction with IGF2BP1 to facilitate decay of GLI1 mRNA. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:98-109. [PMID: 30790682 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated as novel drivers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms of this relationship with hepatocarcinogenesis are unknown. We report a novel, liver-specific lncRNA LINC01093 that shows significant downregulation in HCC tissues. LINC01093 expression is inversely correlated with cancer embolus and HCC TNM stage and as a prognostic predictor for HCC patients. LINC01093 overexpression significantly suppresses HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, its knockdown promotes HCC progression. Mechanistic analyses indicate that LINC01093 directly binds insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), interfering with interaction between IGF2BP1 and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) mRNA. The result is degradation of GLI1 mRNA, further affecting expression of GLI1 downstream molecules involved in HCC progression. The liver-enriched lncRNA LINC01093 is a promising prognostic indicator for HCC patients, and the newly identified LINC01093-IGF2BP1-GLI1 axis shows potential for therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Yao Y, Zhou D, Shi D, Zhang H, Zhan S, Shao X, Sun K, Sun L, Wu G, Tian K, Zhu X, He S. GLI1 overexpression promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration and induces drug resistance by combining with the AKT-mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:993-1004. [PMID: 30841479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) pathway significantly affected the pathogenesis of Gastric cancer (GC), but the multiple uncanonical HH pathways that are mediated by Zinc Finger protein GLI1 (GLI1) are still unclear. In the present work, we evaluated GLI1 and p-AKT expression in GC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. GLI1 and AKT specific shRNA was transfected into GC cell lines to investigate the cross-regulation between HH pathway and AKT-mTOR pathway. The effect of GLI1 and p-AKT on proliferation, migration, and drug resistance were examined. Moreover, a mouse xenograft model of GC was established to verify the role of GLI1 and p-AKT in promoting drug sensitivity in vivo. Our results suggested the clinicopathological factors and prognosis by the differential expression of GLI1 and p-AKT in GC patients. GLI1 was activated by the AKT-mTOR pathway. Co-expression of GLI1 and p-AKT was associated with cell viability, migration, and drug resistance and indicated a poor prognosis in GC patients. Agents targeted against both GLI1 and p-AKT may reverse drug-resistance and achieve better inhibition than agents targeted against a single molecule. There was a significant correlation between the high expression of GLI1 and p-AKT in GC. Additionally, our study confirmed the activity of the AKT-mTOR-GLI1 axis, which provided a new viable field for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yao
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Diyuan Zhou
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Dongtao Shi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Guangting Wu
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Kangjun Tian
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Songbing He
- Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Vulin A, Sedkaoui M, Moratille S, Sevenet N, Soularue P, Rigaud O, Guibbal L, Dulong J, Jeggo P, Deleuze JF, Lamartine J, Martin MT. Severe PATCHED1 Deficiency in Cancer-Prone Gorlin Patient Cells Results in Intrinsic Radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:417-425. [PMID: 30191873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gorlin syndrome (or basal-cell nevus syndrome) is a cancer-prone genetic disease in which hypersusceptibility to secondary cancer and tissue reaction after radiation therapy is debated, as is increased radiosensitivity at cellular level. Gorlin syndrome results from heterozygous mutations in the PTCH1 gene for 60% of patients, and we therefore aimed to highlight correlations between intrinsic radiosensitivity and PTCH1 gene expression in fibroblasts from adult patients with Gorlin syndrome. METHODS AND MATERIALS The radiosensitivity of fibroblasts from 6 patients with Gorlin syndrome was determined by cell-survival assay after high (0.5-3.5 Gy) and low (50-250 mGy) γ-ray doses. PTCH1 and DNA damage response gene expression was characterized by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. DNA damage and repair were investigated by γH2AX and 53BP1 foci assay. PTCH1 knockdown was performed in cells from healthy donors by using stable RNA interference. Gorlin cells were genotyped by 2 complementary sequencing methods. RESULTS Only cells from patients with Gorlin syndrome who presented severe deficiency in PATCHED1 protein exhibited a significant increase in cellular radiosensitivity, affecting cell responses to both high and low radiation doses. For 2 of the radiosensitive cell strains, heterozygous mutations in the 5' end of PTCH1 gene explain PATCHED1 protein deficiency. In all sensitive cells, DNA damage response pathways (ATM, CHK2, and P53 levels and activation by phosphorylation) were deregulated after irradiation, whereas DSB repair recognition was unimpaired. Furthermore, normal cells with RNA interference-mediated PTCH1 deficiency showed reduced survival after irradiation, directly linking this gene to high- and low-dose radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we show an inverse correlation between PTCH1 expression level and cellular radiosensitivity, suggesting an explanation for the conflicting results previously reported for Gorlin syndrome and possibly providing a basis for prognostic screens for radiosensitive patients with Gorlin syndrome and PTCH1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Vulin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Melissa Sedkaoui
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sandra Moratille
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Bergonié/INSERM U1218, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Pascal Soularue
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Odile Rigaud
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Laure Guibbal
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Joshua Dulong
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS - Université Lyon I, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Penny Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS - Université Lyon I, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Michèle T Martin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, CEA, DRF/IFJ/iRCM, INSERM/UMR967, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
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Usui T, Sakurai M, Umata K, Elbadawy M, Ohama T, Yamawaki H, Hazama S, Takenouchi H, Nakajima M, Tsunedomi R, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Sato K, Kaneda M, Sasaki K. Hedgehog Signals Mediate Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance in Three-Dimensional Primary Colorectal Cancer Organoid Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041098. [PMID: 29642386 PMCID: PMC5979580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, combination treatment with several anti-cancer drugs is employed and improves overall survival in some patients. Nevertheless, most patients with metastatic disease are not cured owing to the drug resistance. Cancer stem cells are known to regulate resistance to chemotherapy. In the previous study, we established a novel three-dimensional organoid culture model from tumor colorectal tissues of human patients using an air-liquid interface (ALI) method, which contained numerous cancer stem cells and showed resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Irinotecan. Here, we investigate which inhibitor for stem cell-related signal improves the sensitivity for anti-cancer drug treatment in tumor ALI organoids. Treatment with Hedgehog signal inhibitors (AY9944, GANT61) decreases the cell viability of organoids compared with Notch (YO-01027, DAPT) and Wnt (WAV939, Wnt-C59) signal inhibitors. Combination treatment of AY9944 or GANT61 with 5-FU, Irinotecan or Oxaliplatin decreases the cell viability of tumor organoids compared with each anti-cancer drug alone treatment. Treatment with AY9944 or GANT61 inhibits expression of stem cell markers c-Myc, CD44 and Nanog, likely through the decrease of their transcription factor, GLI-1 expression. Combination treatment of AY9944 or GANT61 with 5-FU or Irinotecan also prevents colony formation of colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480. These findings suggest that Hedgehog signals mediate anti-cancer drug resistance in colorectal tumor patient-derived ALI organoids and that the inhibitors are useful as a combinational therapeutic strategy against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Koji Umata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada City, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Takenouchi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Ogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Blum W, Henzi T, Schwaller B, Pecze L. Biological noise and positional effects influence cell stemness. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5247-5258. [PMID: 29440274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological (or cellular) noise is the random quantitative variability of proteins and other molecules in individual, genetically identical cells. As the result of biological noise in the levels of some transcription factors that determine a cell's differentiation status, differentiated cells may dedifferentiate to a stem cell state given a sufficiently long time period. Here, to provide direct evidence supporting this hypothesis, we used a live-cell monitoring system based on enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression to continuously assess the "stemness" of individual human and murine malignant mesothelioma cells over a period of up to 3 months. Re-expression of the transcription factors, the top hierarchical stemness markers Sox2 (SRY-box 2) and Oct4 (octamer-binding transcription factor), monitored as cell eGFP expression was observed in a subpopulation of differentiated eGFP(-) malignant mesothelioma cells. However, we found that this transition was extremely rare. Of note, when it did occur, neighboring cells that were not direct descendants of a newly emerged eGFP(+) stem cell were more likely than non-neighboring cells to also become an eGFP(+) stem cell. This observation suggested a positional effect and led to a clustered "mosaic" reappearance of eGFP(+) stem cells. Moreover, stem cells reappeared even in cell cultures derived from one single differentiated eGFP(-) cell. On the basis of our experimental in vitro and in vivo findings, we developed a tumor growth model to predict the clustered localization of cancer stem cells within a tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Blum
- From the Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Henzi
- From the Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schwaller
- From the Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - László Pecze
- From the Unit of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Bakshi A, Chaudhary SC, Rana M, Elmets CA, Athar M. Basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and therapy involving hedgehog signaling and beyond. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2543-2557. [PMID: 28574612 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is driven by aberrant hedgehog signaling. Thus blocking this signaling pathway by small molecules such as vismodegib inhibits tumor growth. Primary cilium in the epidermal cells plays an integral role in the processing of hedgehog signaling-related proteins. Recent genomic studies point to the involvement of additional genetic mutations that might be associated with the development of BCCs, suggesting significance of other signaling pathways, such as WNT, NOTCH, mTOR, and Hippo, aside from hedgehog in the pathogenesis of this human neoplasm. Some of these pathways could be regulated by noncoding microRNA. Altered microRNA expression profile is recognized with the progression of these lesions. Stopping treatment with Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors often leads to tumor reoccurrence in the patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, who develop 10-100 of BCCs. In addition, the initial effectiveness of these SMO inhibitors is impaired due to the onset of mutations in the drug-binding domain of SMO. These data point to a need to develop strategies to overcome tumor recurrence and resistance and to enhance efficacy by developing novel single agent-based or multiple agents-based combinatorial approaches. Immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy could be additional successful approaches particularly if developed in combination with chemotherapy for inoperable and metastatic BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Bakshi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sandeep C Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mehtab Rana
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Regulatory players of DNA damage repair mechanisms: Role in Cancer Chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1238-1245. [PMID: 28738540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging agents are most common in chemotherapeutic molecules that act against cancer. However, cancer cells possess inherent biological features to overcome DNA damages by activating various distinct repair mechanisms and pathways. Importantly, various oncogenes, cancer stem cells (CSCs), hypoxic environment, transcription factors and bystander signaling that are activated in the cancer cells influence DNA repair, thereby effectively repairing the DNA damage. Repaired cancer cells often become more resistance to further therapy and results in disease recurrence. In this review, we summarize how the various signaling pathways in cancer cells regulates DNA repair and induce chemoresistance.
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43
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Xia W, Jiao J. Histone variant H3.3 orchestrates neural stem cell differentiation in the developing brain. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1548-1563. [PMID: 28524856 PMCID: PMC5563987 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the brain development, the process of neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation is precisely regulated. The deficiency in the embryonic brain development will cause serious developmental disorders. Epigenetic modifications play critical roles in controlling proliferation and differentiation in different types of stem cells. Histone variants, as one of epigenetic regulators, have been reported to be associated with many bioprocesses. Among different variants, H3.3 is one of the important epigenetic regulators, but its role in embryonic NSCs remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that H3.3 is intrinsically required for NSCs proliferation and differentiation. Suppression of the H3.3 mediated by shRNAs causes the reduction of the PAX6-positive NSCs proliferation, and promotes the premature terminal mitosis and neuronal differentiation. Particularly, the level of the H4K16ac is selectively reduced in the H3.3 knockdown NSCs. We further confirm that H3.3 is directly interacted with the MOF, a specific H4K16 acetyltransferase. Interestingly, H3.3/MOF increases the level of H4K16ac by a mutual cooperation manner. However, the H3.3K36R mutant could not increase the level of H4K16ac. RNA-seq data show the GLI1, a transcriptional regulator, is downregulated in H3.3 knockdown NSCs. Furthermore, the neurogenesis phenotype of the GLI1 knockdown is consistent with the H3.3 knockdown. Overexpression of the H3.3, MOF, and GLI1 could rescue the abnormal phenotype caused by H3.3 knockdown in the embryonic brain, but H3.1 or H3.3K36R overexpression can not rescue it. Taken together, these results suggest that H3.3 cooperates with MOF to increase the level of the H4K16ac and the GLI1, and then regulates the NSCs proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang L, Song R, Gu D, Zhang X, Yu B, Liu B, Xie J. The role of GLI1 for 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:17. [PMID: 28413604 PMCID: PMC5390459 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy as the major treatment for advanced disease. Many patients with advanced colorectal cancer eventually succumb to the disease despite some patients responded initially to chemotherapy. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy resistance will help design novel strategies to treat colorectal cancer. In this study, we established an acquired 5-FU resistant cell line, LoVo-R, from LoVo cells. Through exome sequencing, we discovered that elevated GLI1 signaling axis is a major genetic alteration in the 5-FU resistant cells. Hh signaling, a pathway essential for embryonic development, is an important regulator for residual cancer cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of GLI1 or GLI2 sensitized LoVo-R cells to 5-FU treatment, reduced cell invasiveness. The relevance of our studies to colorectal cancer patients is reflected by our discovery that high expression of GLI1 signaling molecules was associated with a high incidence of cancer relapse and a shorter survival in a larger cohort of colorectal cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy (containing 5-FU). Taken together, our data demonstrate the critical role of the GLI1 signaling axis for 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ruolan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China.,Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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45
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Cui Y, Cui CA, Yang ZT, Ni WD, Jin Y, Xuan YH. Gli1 expression in cancer stem-like cells predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:347-353. [PMID: 28286162 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) is involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance in various tumors; however, its expression and clinical significance in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to reveal the clinical significance of Gli1 in LSCC and investigate the potential of Gli1 as a CSC marker by comparing its expression with that of other stemness-related genes in LSCC. METHODS We assessed the expressions of Gli1, LSD1, CD44, Sox9 and Sox2 by immunohistochemistry in the tissue specimens obtained from 101 patients with LSCC. The relationship of Gli1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and cell-cycle regulating genes was investigated. RESULTS Gli1 expression was significantly correlated with T stage (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), and clinical stage (P=0.005) of LSCC. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the expression of Gli1 in LSCC was all significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS: P=0.005). Cox regression analysis further confirmed that Gli1 is a prognostic marker of unfavorable clinical outcome of LSCC. Gli1 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of stemness-related genes such as LSD1 (P=0.009) and CD44 (P<0.001), but not with those of Sox2 and Sox9. However, Gli1 expression was associated with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors1α (HIF1α; P<0.001) and Cyclin D1 (P=0.002), respectively. In additionally, microvessel density (MVD) was significantly higher in Gli1-positive LSCC than in the negative LSCC (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Gli1 may be a potential LSCC stem cell marker and an independent indicator of poor prognosis for patients with LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chun-Ai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China.
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Schwartz AG, Galatz LM, Thomopoulos S. Enthesis regeneration: a role for Gli1+ progenitor cells. Development 2017; 144:1159-1164. [PMID: 28219952 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tendon enthesis originates from a specific pool of hedgehog-active Gli1+ progenitor cells that differentiate and produce mineralized fibrocartilage. The current study investigated the regenerative capacity of this cell population by comparing the responses of early postnatal and mature entheses to injury. Lineage tracing studies demonstrated that the original Gli1+ cell population had the capacity to heal immature entheses after injury, but this capacity was lost after the cells differentiated into mature fibrochondrocytes. To further examine the involvement of Gli1+ cells and hedgehog signaling in enthesis healing, Gli1 expression was examined via lineage tracing approaches and the effect of Smo deletion was examined in the injured entheses. Immature injured entheses retained high levels of Gli1 expression, a marker of hedgehog activation, consistent with non-injured controls. In contrast, injured mature entheses had few Gli1+ cells early in the healing process, with limited recovery of the cell population later in the healing process. These results suggest that the presence of activated hedgehog signaling in enthesis cells early in the healing process may enhance healing of enthesis injuries by mimicking developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Schwartz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leesa M Galatz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Prometastatic mechanisms of CAF-mediated EMT regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:121-128. [PMID: 27878234 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis are accompanied by the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition)-MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) two-step process. In this study, we investigated the importance of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the process. First, the primary cultures of isolated pancreatic CAF, fibroblasts of normal pancreatic tissues (NF), and normal hepatic stellate cells (HSF) were identified and verified via the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. Using an indirect three-dimensional co-culture model, the morphological changes were observed by light microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The invasive and migration capacity of pancreatic cancer cells was determined by Transwell chamber migration assay or scratch assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, and Gli1 were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. Primary cultures of isolated CAF, NF, HSF showed satisfactory growth with active proliferation. Indirect co-culture with CAF, BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells showed significant partial EMT, reduced E-cadherin expression, and enhanced vimentin expression as compared with the single culture and NF/HSF co-culture groups, with corresponding increases in migratory and invasive capacities. PCR and western blotting results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of Gli1 in CAF and Snail in cancer cells were increased. This process could be reversed by inhibition of hedgehog (HH) signaling in CAF. In the tumor microenvironment, activation of CAF is the key event in mediating partial EMT, and its mechanism may be associated with paracrine action after activation of HH signaling in CAF.
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48
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Sakthivel KM, Sehgal P. A Novel Role of Lamins from Genetic Disease to Cancer Biomarkers. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:309. [PMID: 27994771 PMCID: PMC5136755 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are the key components of the nuclear lamina and by virtue of their interactions with chromatin and binding partners act as regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Of late, the diverse roles of lamins in cellular processes have made them the topic of intense debate for their role in cancer progression. The observations about aberrant localization or misexpression of the nuclear lamins in cancerous tissues have often led to the speculative role of lamins as a cancer risk biomarker. Here we discuss the involvement of lamins in several cancer subtypes and their potential role in predicting the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Sehgal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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49
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Natarajan V. Regulation of DNA repair by non-coding miRNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:64-68. [PMID: 30159412 PMCID: PMC6096415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is an important signaling mechanism that is necessary to maintain genomic stability. Various types of DNA repair proteins are involved in the repair of different types of DNA damage. However, most of the DNA repair proteins are modified post-translation in order to activate their repair function, such as, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, etc. Similarly, DNA repair proteins are also regulated by posttranscriptional modifications. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) induced posttranscriptional regulation of mRNAs has gained attention in recent years. MiRNA-induced regulation of DNA repair proteins is of great interest, owing to its potential role in cancer therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of different miRNAs in the regulation of various types of DNA repair proteins, which are essential for the maintenance of genomic stability.
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Key Words
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated related
- BER, base excision repair
- DNA damage
- DNA repair
- DSB repair
- DSB, double strand break
- FA, Fanconi anemia
- Genomic instability
- HR, homologous recombination
- MIS, micro-instability syndrome
- NER
- NER, nucleotide excision repair
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- TLS, translesion synthesis
- miRNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Natarajan
- Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Centre, Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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50
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Role of let-7 family microRNA in breast cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:77-82. [PMID: 30159414 PMCID: PMC6096426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and resistance to therapy significantly contribute to cancer-related deaths. Growing body of evidence suggest that altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is one of the root cause of adverse clinical outcome. miRNAs such as let-7 are the new fine tuners of signaling cascade and cellular processes which regulates the genes in post-transcriptional manner. In this review, we described the regulation of let-7 expression and the involvement of molecular factors in this process. We discussed the mechanism by which let-7 alter the expression of genes involved in the process of tumorigenesis. Further, we listed the pathways targeted by let-7 to reduce the burden of the tumor. In addition, we described the role of let-7 in breast cancer metastasis and stemness properties. This article will provide the in-depth insight into the biology of let-7 miRNA and its role in the breast cancer progression.
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