1
|
Hossain SM, Gimenez G, Stockwell PA, Tsai P, Print CG, Rys J, Cybulska-Stopa B, Ratajska M, Harazin-Lechowska A, Almomani S, Jackson C, Chatterjee A, Eccles MR. Innate immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance is associated with melanoma sub-types exhibiting invasive and de-differentiated gene expression signatures. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955063. [PMID: 36248850 PMCID: PMC9554309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, which, although highly immunogenic, frequently escapes the body’s immune defences. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti-PD1, anti-PDL1, and anti-CTLA4 antibodies lead to reactivation of immune pathways, promoting rejection of melanoma. However, the benefits of ICI therapy remain limited to a relatively small proportion of patients who do not exhibit ICI resistance. Moreover, the precise mechanisms underlying innate and acquired ICI resistance remain unclear. Here, we have investigated differences in melanoma tissues in responder and non-responder patients to anti-PD1 therapy in terms of tumour and immune cell gene-associated signatures. We performed multi-omics investigations on melanoma tumour tissues, which were collected from patients before starting treatment with anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Patients were subsequently categorized into responders and non-responders to anti-PD1 therapy based on RECIST criteria. Multi-omics analyses included RNA-Seq and NanoString analysis. From RNA-Seq data we carried out HLA phenotyping as well as gene enrichment analysis, pathway enrichment analysis and immune cell deconvolution studies. Consistent with previous studies, our data showed that responders to anti-PD1 therapy had higher immune scores (median immune score for responders = 0.1335, median immune score for non-responders = 0.05426, p-value = 0.01, Mann-Whitney U two-tailed exact test) compared to the non-responders. Responder melanomas were more highly enriched with a combination of CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells (p-value = 0.03) and an M1 subtype of macrophages (p-value = 0.001). In addition, melanomas from responder patients exhibited a more differentiated gene expression pattern, with high proliferative- and low invasive-associated gene expression signatures, whereas tumours from non-responders exhibited high invasive- and frequently neural crest-like cell type gene expression signatures. Our findings suggest that non-responder melanomas to anti-PD1 therapy exhibit a de-differentiated gene expression signature, associated with poorer immune cell infiltration, which establishes a gene expression pattern characteristic of innate resistance to anti-PD1 therapy. Improved understanding of tumour-intrinsic gene expression patterns associated with response to anti-PD1 therapy will help to identify predictive biomarkers of ICI response and may help to identify new targets for anticancer treatment, especially with a capacity to function as adjuvants to improve ICI outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A. Stockwell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristin G. Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Cybulska-Stopa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magda Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Suzan Almomani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Eccles,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extract abrogates melanoma progression through boosting up IFN-γ-producing cells. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
3
|
Juszczak AM, Wöelfle U, Končić MZ, Tomczyk M. Skin cancer, including related pathways and therapy and the role of luteolin derivatives as potential therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1423-1462. [PMID: 35187675 PMCID: PMC9303584 DOI: 10.1002/med.21880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest growing and the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is diagnosed. However, its incidence is relatively scarce compared to the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The much more common skin cancers include nonmelanoma malignant skin cancers. Moreover, over the past several decades, the frequency of all skin cancers has increased much more dynamically than that of almost any other type of cancer. Among the available therapeutic options for skin cancers, chemotherapy used immediately after the surgical intervention has been an essential element. Unfortunately, the main problem with conventional chemopreventive regimens involves the lack of response to treatment and the associated side effects. Hence, there is a need for much more effective anticancer drugs. Correspondingly, the targeted alternatives have involved phytochemicals, which are safer chemotherapeutic agents and exhibit competitive anticancer activity with high therapeutic efficacy. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in medicinal plants, have been demonstrated to influence the modulation of signaling pathways at each stage of the carcinogenesis process, which is also important in the context of skin cancers. Hence, this review focuses on an exhaustive overview of the therapeutic effects of luteolin and its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of skin cancers. The bioavailability and structure–activity relationships of luteolin derivatives are also discussed. This review is the first such complete account of all of the scientific reports concerning this particular group of natural compounds that target a specific area of neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Juszczak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Białystok Białystok Poland
| | - Ute Wöelfle
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Research Center Skinitial, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Białystok Białystok Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tong TML, van der Kooij MK, Speetjens FM, van Erkel AR, van der Meer RW, Lutjeboer J, van Persijn van Meerten EL, Martini CH, Zoethout RWM, Tijl FGJ, Blank CU, Burgmans MC, Kapiteijn E. Combining Hepatic Percutaneous Perfusion with Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab in advanced uveal melanoma (CHOPIN): study protocol for a phase Ib/randomized phase II trial. Trials 2022; 23:137. [PMID: 35152908 PMCID: PMC8842930 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, no standard treatments are available for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). Several locoregional therapies are effective in the treatment of liver metastases, such as percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (M-PHP). The available literature suggests that treatment with ICI following locoregional treatment of liver UM metastases can result in clinical response. We hypothesize that combining M-PHP with ICI will lead to enhanced antigen presentation and increased immunomodulatory effect, improving control of both hepatic and extrahepatic disease. Methods Open-label, single-center, phase Ib/randomized phase II trial, evaluating the safety and efficacy of the combination of M-PHP with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases of UM in first-line treatment, with or without the limited extrahepatic disease. The primary objective is to determine the safety, toxicity, and efficacy of the combination regimen, defined by maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 year. Secondary objectives include overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR). A maximum of 88 patients will be treated in phase I and phase II combined. Baseline characteristics will be described with descriptive statistics (t-test, chi-square test). To study the association between risk factors and toxicity, a logistic regression model will be applied. PFS and OS will be summarized using Kaplan-Meier curves. Discussion This is the first trial to evaluate this treatment combination by establishing the maximum tolerated dose and evaluating the efficacy of the combination treatment. M-PHP has shown to be a safe and effective treatment for UM patients with liver metastases and became the standard treatment option in our center. The combination of ICI with M-PHP is investigated in the currently described trial which might lead to a better treatment response both in and outside the liver. Trial Registration This trial was registered in the US National Library of Medicine with identifier NCT04283890. Registered as per February 2020 - Retrospectively registered. EudraCT registration number: 2018-004248-49. Local MREC registration number: NL60508.058.19.
Collapse
|
5
|
Montico B, Giurato G, Pecoraro G, Salvati A, Covre A, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Weisz A, Maio M, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. The pleiotropic roles of circular and long noncoding RNAs in cutaneous melanoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:565-593. [PMID: 34080276 PMCID: PMC8807361 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a very aggressive disease, often characterized by unresponsiveness to conventional therapies and high mortality rates worldwide. The identification of the activating BRAFV600 mutations in approximately 50% of CM patients has recently fueled the development of novel small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target BRAFV600 -mutant CM. In addition, a major progress in CM treatment has been made by monoclonal antibodies that regulate the immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, although target-based therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies have yielded promising results, CM treatment remains a major challenge. In the last decade, accumulating evidence points to the aberrant expression of different types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CM. While studies on microRNAs have grown exponentially leading to significant insights on CM biology, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this tumor is less understood, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we summarize and critically review the available evidence on the molecular functions of circRNAs and lncRNAs in BRAFV600 -mutant CM and CM immunogenicity, providing recent updates on their functional role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy resistance. In addition, we also include an evaluation of several algorithms and databases for prediction and validation of circRNA and lncRNA functional interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
- NIBIT Foundation OnlusSienaItaly
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics UnitCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Low-level laser irradiation potentiates anticancer activity of p-coumaric acid against human malignant melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:136-146. [PMID: 30855528 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (PCA) is a kind of phenolic compound, and as one of the cinnamic acid derivatives, it has many biological functions such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anticancer activity. Low-level laser irradiation has received increasing interest in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. In this study, the effect of low-level laser irradiation on human fibroblast cells (human dermal fibroblast) and human melanoma cancer cells (A375 and SK-MEL-37) treated with PCA was investigated. The human dermal fibroblast, A375, and SK-MEL-37 cells were exposed to low-level laser at 660-nm wavelength with 3 J/cm for 90 s, and then the cells were treated with different concentrations of PCA (0-1000 μg/ml for 24 h), separately. In another experiment, first the cells were treated by PCA and then irradiated with low-level laser as described before. The effect of various irradiation energy (1-6 J/cm) on the melanoma cells, which were then treated by PCA, was studied. The cell viability using MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay was determined. Morphological changes owing to apoptosis induction by irradiation and PCA were detected by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining. The results showed that pretreatment with low-level laser irradiation and then PCA reduced the survival and growth of melanoma cells more than the early treatment with PCA and then low-level laser irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced significantly by preirradiation and then PCA treatment in comparison with the dark group in melanoma cells. The cell cytotoxicity at different irradiation energy and then IC50 concentration of PCA was increased up to 3 J/cm and then decreased following increasing irradiation energy. The morphology study with light microscopy and apoptotic assay using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining confirmed the MTT results. This study showed that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to kill human normal fibroblast and human melanoma cancer cells. Preirradiation followed by treatment with PCA did not change the cell viability in human fibroblast significantly but reduced the cell viability in melanoma cells presumably through the apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Padya BS, Pandey A, Pisay M, Koteshwara KB, Chandrashekhar Hariharapura R, Bhat KU, Biswas S, Mutalik S. Stimuli-responsive and cellular targeted nanoplatforms for multimodal therapy of skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173633. [PMID: 33049302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary applications of nanopharmaceutical sciences have tremendous potential for enhancing pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. The limitations of conventional therapeutic platforms used for skin cancer therapy have been largely overcome by the use of nanoplatforms. This review discusses various nanotechnological approaches experimented for the treatment of skin cancer. The review describes various polymeric, lipidic and inorganic nanoplatforms for efficient therapy of skin cancer. The stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms such as pH-responsive as well as temperature-responsive platforms have also been reviewed. Different strategies for potentiating the nanoparticles application for cancer therapy such as surface engineering, conjugation with drugs, stimulus-responsive and multimodal effect have also been discussed and compared with the available conventional treatments. Although, nanopharmaceuticals face challenges such as toxicity, cost and scale-up, efforts put-in to improve these drawbacks with continuous research would deliver exciting and promising results in coming days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Singh Padya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Muralidhar Pisay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K B Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kuruveri Udaya Bhat
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575025, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effectiveness of dabrafenib in the treatment of patients with BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma in a Named Patient Program. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:527-532. [PMID: 31095039 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the approval of dabrafenib in patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, a better understanding of treatment patterns and clinical outcomes with dabrafenib in a clinical setting is warranted. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who received dabrafenib in a compassionate use setting through the Named Patient Program (DESCRIBE I study) during December 2010-August 2013 in Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Of the 331 Named Patient Program patients included, the majority (95.8%) had stage IV disease at dabrafenib initiation and 39.9% had brain metastases (BMs). Dabrafenib was used first line in 67.7% of patients, and median treatment duration was 6.4 months. Dabrafenib was well tolerated. Common grade 2/3 adverse events were hyperkeratosis (7.6%), pyrexia/fever (6.6%), fatigue (5.1%), hand-foot syndrome (5.4%) and nausea (3.6%). Overall response rate was 45.9%, median progression-free survival was 5.2 months (95% confidence interval, 4.2-6.1 months), and median overall survival was 12.4 months (95% confidence interval, 10.2-15.0 months). In patients with known brain metastases (n = 132) versus patients without (n = 199), overall response rate was 42.4% versus 48.2%, progression-free survival was 3.9 months (95% confidence interval, 3.8-5.5 months) versus 5.9 months (95% confidence interval, 4.8-7.8 months) and overall survival was 9.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.7-12.4 months) versus 15 months (95% confidence interval, 11.1-20.5 months), respectively. Safety and effectiveness of dabrafenib in patients with unresectable advanced BRAF V600-mutant melanoma treated in an Named Patient Program was similar to the clinical trial experience, demonstrating effectiveness of dabrafenib in a nontrial setting.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khorsandi K, Kianmehr Z, hosseinmardi Z, Hosseinzadeh R. Anti-cancer effect of gallic acid in presence of low level laser irradiation: ROS production and induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 31956296 PMCID: PMC6958578 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different treatments for breast cancer and melanoma that mostly have some side effects. One of the therapeutic strategies is the use of natural components. Phenol components are a class of antioxidants in plants that have many biological functions like anticancer effects. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyhydroxy phenolic compound and commonly found in various foods. In the present study, GA effects alone and in combination with low-level laser irradiation on human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF), human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma cancer cell line (A375) was under the investigation. METHODS The normal and cancerous cell lines were exposed to 660 nm low-level laser with 3 J/cm2 for 90 s. Then, the cells were treated with different concentrations of GA for 24 h. In another study, the cell lines firstly were treated with GA and then exposed to low-level laser irradiation. The effects of GA and low-level laser on cell survival and apoptosis were examined using MTT assay, light microscopy, ROS production assay, fluorescence microscopy (AO/EB double staining) and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that pre-treatment with low-level laser and then GA reduced the survival of breast cancer cells and melanoma more than the first treatment with GA and then low-level laser irradiation. Our findings showed that ROS production in cells treated with both low-level laser and GA was more than the cells treated with GA alone. The apoptosis and ferroptosis assays confirmed the MTT results which combination treatment with low-level laser and then GA increase the cell death probably via apoptosis and ferroptosis cell death mechanisms compared to GA alone. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to cause death in human normal and cancerous cells. Preirradiation followed by GA treatment did not change the cell viability in human normal significantly but reduces the cell survival of cancer cells more than GA alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (Biochemistry), Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh hosseinmardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (Biochemistry), Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Madamsetty VS, Paul MK, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee S. Functionalization of Nanomaterials and Their Application in Melanoma Cancer Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:167-181. [PMID: 33463233 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and cure for melanoma, the most aggressive subcategory of skin cancer, still remains a daunting challenge to be circumvented. When metastasized, it requires radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc. as its treatment, although it can be removed by surgical intervention if detected in its early stage. Development of upgraded therapeutic modalities for melanoma facilitating early diagnosis with subsequent excision before metastasis is, therefore, an urgent need. As we witnessed, nanotechnology has become instrumental with its far-reaching ramifications both in diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. In this review we are going to summarize the encouraging developments made in recent times for functionalization of nanoparticles (including liposomes, polymeric, metal, viral, protein nanoparticles) to create numerous theranostics (therapy plus diagnostics) for melanoma. We will also reflect on the melanoma statistics, molecular biology, conventional therapies, ongoing clinical trials, and future outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville 32224, Florida, United States
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, Los Angeles, Factor Building 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
| | - Anubhab Mukherjee
- Sealink Pharmaceuticals, Trendz Avenue, First floor, Plot Number 12, Gafoor Nagar, Madhapur, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston 77030, Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van der Kooij MK, Speetjens FM, van der Burg SH, Kapiteijn E. Uveal Versus Cutaneous Melanoma; Same Origin, Very Distinct Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E845. [PMID: 31248118 PMCID: PMC6627906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we critically evaluated the knowledge on cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). Both cancer types derive from melanocytes that share the same embryonic origin and display the same cellular function. Despite their common origin, both CM and UM display extreme differences in their genetic alterations and biological behavior. We discuss the differences in genetic alterations, metastatic routes, tumor biology, and tumor-host interactions in the context of their clinical responses to targeted- and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique K van der Kooij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank M Speetjens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway at the maternal-fetal interface. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:74. [PMID: 30782114 PMCID: PMC6381664 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our goal with this study was to investigate the contribution of PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint pathway to maternal immunotolerance mechanisms. Methods Thirteen healthy pregnant women and 10 non-pregnant controls were involved in this project. PBMCs and DICs were isolated from peripheral blood and from decidual tissues. After the characterization of different immune cell subsets, we used fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to measure the expression level of PD-1, PD-L1, NKG2D, and CD107a molecules by flow cytometry. Results We measured significant alternations in the proportion of decidual immune cell subsets compared to the periphery. Elevated PD-1 expression by decidual CD8+ T, CD4+ T, and NKT-like cells were also detected accompanied by the increased PD-L1 expression by decidual CD4+ T, Treg, NKT-like and CD56 + NK cell subsets compared to peripheral blood. The cytotoxic potential was significantly higher in PD-1- decidual immune cells compared to the periphery, however we measured a significantly lower cytotoxicity in the decidual PD-1+ CD8+ T cells compared with the peripheral subsets. An activation receptor NKG2D expression was decreased by the PD-1+ CD8+ T subsets in the first trimester compared to non-pregnant condition but the expression level of the decidual counterparts was significantly elevated compared to the periphery. The cytotoxic potential of decidual PD1/NKG2D double positive CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased compared to the peripheral subsets. Conclusions Based on our results we assume that PD-1/PD-L1 pathway might have a novel role in the maintaining of the local immunological environment. Accompanied by NKG2D activating receptor this checkpoint interaction could regulate decidual CD8 Tc cell subsets and may contribute maternal immunotolerance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ercolano G, De Cicco P, Frecentese F, Saccone I, Corvino A, Giordano F, Magli E, Fiorino F, Severino B, Calderone V, Citi V, Cirino G, Ianaro A. Anti-metastatic Properties of Naproxen-HBTA in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30800067 PMCID: PMC6376415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of H2S-release and of COXs-inhibition have been exploited in the design of novel anti-inflammatory drugs, the H2S-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (H2S-NSAIDs), showing promising potential for chemoprevention in cancers. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a new H2S-releasing derivative of naproxen, named naproxen-4-hydroxybenzodithioate (naproxen-HBTA), in reducing metastatic melanoma features, both in vitro and in vivo. The novel H2S donor has been prepared following a synthetic scheme that provided high yields and purity. In particular, we investigated the effect of naproxen-HBTA in vitro on several metastatic features of human melanoma cells such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and colonies formation and in vivo in a model of cutaneous melanoma. Cell culture studies demonstrated that naproxen-HBTA induced caspase 3-mediated apoptosis and inhibited motility, invasiveness, and focus formation. Finally, daily oral treatment with naproxen-HBTA significantly suppressed melanoma growth and progression in mice. In conclusion, by using this dual approach we propose that the COX-2 and H2S pathways could be regarded as novel therapeutic targets/tools to generate new treatment options based on "combination therapy" for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Irene Saccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Corvino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Severino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cirsiliol Suppressed Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in B16F10 Malignant Melanoma Cells through Alteration of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030608. [PMID: 30708951 PMCID: PMC6386903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer which has a propensity for metastasis. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a primordial role in the progression of metastatic disease. Metastatic melanoma is resistant to conventional therapies. Hence, researchers have been exploring alternative approaches, including the utility of bioactive phytochemicals to manage metastatic disease. In the present study, we investigated the potential of cirsiliol, a flavonoid isolated from Centaurea jacea L., in modulating the aggressive behavior of B16F10 metastatic melanoma cells, including EMT, and associated molecular mechanisms of action. Cirsiliol was found to be effective in restraining the colony formation and migration of fibronectin-induced B16F10 metastatic melanoma cells. Cirsiliol inhibited the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Cirsiliol also suppressed the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (also known as Akt)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway which, in turn, caused upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, Snail and Twist. Based on these results, cirsiliol may be considered a promising compound against EMT in the therapeutic management of malignant melanoma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang K, Li Y, Song N, Che X, Hou K, Xu L, Bai M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Cao M, Liu Y, Zhang J. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition enhances vemurafenib sensitivity in colon cancers harboring the BRAF V600E mutation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5315-5325. [PMID: 30320916 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib is widely used to treat melanomas harboring the activated BRAFV600E mutation; however, vemurafenib showed poor efficacy in colon cancer, which impeded its clinical application for colon cancer patients with this mutation. The specific mechanism of vemurafenib resistance is not clear in colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation influenced vemurafenib sensitivity in BRAFV600E mutant colon cancer cells. When vemurafenib was applied to two colon cancer cell lines with the BRAFV600E mutation, STAT3 was continuously activated after 6 hours. Furthermore, BCL-2 was upregulated in RKO colon cancer cells, while STAT3 remained unchanged in HT-29 colon cancer cells. This suggested that STAT3 signaling might be involved in vemurafenib sensitivity. Combining the STAT3 inhibitor STATTIC with vemurafenib further inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by downregulating STAT3 and BCL-2 expression in RKO cells. Further studies showed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion increased after RKO cells were treated with vemurafenib. STAT3 activation was induced by adding IL-6 to the supernatant, and IL-6 increased STAT3 and BCL-2 expression and antagonized vemurafenib sensitivity in HT-29 cells. Together, these results suggest that STAT3 activation maybe related to vemurafenib sensitivity in colon cancer cells, and that combining STAT3 inhibitors with vemurafenib may be a promising treatment for BRAFV600E mutant colon cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Meihui Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ridolfi L, de Rosa F, Fiammenghi L, Petrini M, Granato AM, Ancarani V, Pancisi E, Soldati V, Cassan S, Bulgarelli J, Riccobon A, Gentili G, Nanni O, Framarini M, Tauceri F, Guidoboni M. Complementary vaccination protocol with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumour lysate in patients with resected stage III or IV melanoma: protocol for a phase II randomised trial (ACDC Adjuvant Trial). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021701. [PMID: 30082356 PMCID: PMC6078243 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgery is one of the treatments of choice for patients with a single metastasis from melanoma but is rarely curative. Such patients could potentially benefit from consolidation immunotherapy. Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumour antigens elicits a tumour-specific immune response. In our experience, patients who developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) after DC vaccination showed a median overall survival (OS) of 22.9 monthsvs4.8 months for DTH-negative cases. A phase II randomised trial showed an advantage OS of a DC vaccine over a tumour cell-based vaccine (2-year OS 72% vs31%, respectively). Given that there is no standard therapy after surgical resection of single metastases, we planned a study to compare vaccination with DCs pulsed with autologous tumour lysate versus follow-up. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised phase II trial in patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma. Assuming a median relapse-free survival (RFS) of 7.0 months for the standard group and 11.7 months for the experimental arm (HR 0.60), with a two-sided tailed alpha of 0.10, 60 patients per arm must be recruited. An interim futility analysis will be performed at 18 months. The DC vaccine, produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, consists of autologous DCs loaded with autologous tumour lysate and injected intradermally near lymph nodes. Vaccine doses will be administered every 4 weeks for six vaccinations and will be followed by 3 million unit /day of interleukin-2 for 5 days. Tumour restaging, blood sampling for immunological biomarkers and DTH testing will be performed every 12 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol, informed consent and accompanying material given to patients were submitted by the investigator to the Ethics Committee for review. The local Ethics Committee and the Italian Medicines Agency approved the protocol (EudraCT code no.2014-005123-27). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 2014-005123-27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ridolfi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco de Rosa
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Fiammenghi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petrini
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Granato
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Ancarani
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Pancisi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Soldati
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Serena Cassan
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Angela Riccobon
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gentili
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori I(RST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Oriana Nanni
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori I(RST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimo Framarini
- Advanced Oncological Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Francesca Tauceri
- Advanced Oncological Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Guidoboni
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Glitza Oliva I, Schvartsman G, Tawbi H. Advances in the systemic treatment of melanoma brain metastases. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1509-1520. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
18
|
Yu X, Zheng H, Tse G, Chan MT, Wu WK. Long non-coding RNAs in melanoma. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12457. [PMID: 29582492 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal cutaneous cancer with a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype. While recent genetic and epigenetic studies have shed new insights into the mechanism of melanoma development, the involvement of regulatory non-coding RNAs remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs with the capacity to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Recent evidences have shown that lncRNAs can regulate many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. In the melanoma, deregulation of a number of lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, BANCR, ANRIL, SPRY-IT1 and SAMMSON, have been reported. Our review summarizes the functional role of lncRNAs in melanoma and their potential clinical application for diagnosis, prognostication and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew Tv Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - William Kk Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Li L, Liu S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Du G. FOXC1 promotes melanoma by activating MST1R/PI3K/AKT. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84375-84387. [PMID: 27533251 PMCID: PMC5356666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 is a member of Forkhead box family transcription factors. We showed that FOXC1 level was increased in melanoma cells and tissues and correlated with hypomethylation of the FOXC1 gene. Overexpression of FOXC1 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D Matrigel of melanoma cells. FOXC1 increased MST1R and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Also, FOXC1 expression was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis of melanoma. We suggest that FOXC1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for treating melanoma and predicting outcome of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI) at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica 90404, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi DAYI Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030002, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Typical symptoms (bleeding, pain, perianal mass) are characteristic of hemorrhoids. This, together with the high rate of amelanotic tumors, often delays diagnosis. No therapy guidelines exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on our own experience of surgically treated patients and an extensive literature search, we present a stage-dependent therapeutic concept. RESULTS Eight patients (six women) with a mean age of 65 ± 8 years were treated at our institution. Six underwent abdominoperineal resection; two had local excision. Two patients additionally underwent inguinal lymph node dissection. Median survival was 12 months with a disease-free survival of 6 months. Forty treatment studies with a total of 1,970 cases could be identified. Prognostic factors are age, time to correct diagnosis, tumor extent, tumor stage, and perineural invasion. The impact of lymph node metastases and R0 resection varies. Surgery is the only effective therapy. Local excision is sufficient when free resection margins are achieved. CONCLUSIONS Locally limited tumors should be resected; if possible using local excision. Larger tumors or tumors with sphincter infiltration often require abdominoperineal resection with curative intent. When regional lymph node metastases are present, we advise regional lymphadenectomy of the affected area. In the case of distant metastases, palliative surgery is needed for metastasectomy and in cases of incontinence or refractory pain.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wongchenko MJ, Ribas A, Dréno B, Ascierto PA, McArthur GA, Gallo JD, Rooney IA, Hsu J, Koeppen H, Yan Y, Larkin J. Association of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression with treatment outcomes in patients with BRAF
mutation-positive melanoma treated with vemurafenib or cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:516-522. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Grant A. McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne VIC. Australia
- University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC. Australia
| | | | | | - Jessie Hsu
- Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
| | | | - Yibing Yan
- Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - James Larkin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karlsson AK, Saleh SN. Checkpoint inhibitors for malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017; 10:325-339. [PMID: 28883738 PMCID: PMC5580705 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s120877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives Rates of malignant melanoma are continuing to increase, and until recently effective treatments were lacking. However, since 2011 three immunotherapeutic agents, known as checkpoint inhibitors, have been approved. This review aims to establish whether these three drugs – ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab – offer greater efficacy and tolerability compared to control interventions (placebo, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy) in patients with stage III or IV unresectable cutaneous melanoma. Materials and methods A search on four major medical and scientific databases yielded 7,553 records, of which seven met the inclusion criteria, with a total study population of 3,628. Only prospective Phase II or III randomized controlled trials on checkpoint inhibitors for patients with unresectable cutaneous melanoma that reported data on survival (overall or progression-free), tumor response, or adverse events were included. Three meta-analyses were carried out. Results The hazard ratio for progression or death was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.67), and the odds ratio for best overall response rate was 4.48 (95% CI: 2.77–7.24), both in favor of checkpoint inhibitors. However, control treatments were associated with an insignificantly lower rate of discontinuation of treatment due to adverse effects or treatment-related adverse events (odds ratio =1.63 [95% CI: 0.55–4.88]). Conclusion This study finds that checkpoint inhibitors are more effective than control interventions, both in terms of survival and tumor response, and yet no less tolerable. PD1 therapies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) appear to offer greater efficacy than CTLA4 therapy (ipilimumab). The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab was, however, the most effective, but significantly less tolerable than monotherapy. The lack of published clinical data does, however, limit this study. Further research is needed in two areas in particular: 1) to determine the optimal use of checkpoint inhibitors, specifically in terms of combination therapy, and 2) to identify reliable biomarkers to predictive responders and guide treatment assignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohag N Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Irenaeus S, Schiza A, Mangsbo SM, Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Krause J, Sundin A, Ahlström H, Tötterman TH, Loskog A, Ullenhag GJ. Local irradiation does not enhance the effect of immunostimulatory AdCD40L gene therapy combined with low dose cyclophosphamide in melanoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78573-78587. [PMID: 29108250 PMCID: PMC5667983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AdCD40L is an immunostimulatory gene therapy under evaluation for advanced melanoma, including ocular melanoma. Herein, we present the final data of a Phase I/IIa trial using AdCD40L alone or in combination with low dose cyclophosphamide +/- radiation therapy. Methods AdCD40L is a replication-deficient adenovirus carrying the gene for CD40 ligand (CD40L). Twenty-four patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled and treated with AdCD40L monotherapy, or combined with cyclophosphamide +/- single fraction radiotherapy. The patients were monitored for 10 weeks using immunological and radiological evaluations and thereafter for survival. Results AdCD40L treatment was safe and well tolerated both alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide as well as local radiotherapy. Four out of twenty-four patients had >1 year survival. Addition of cyclophosphamide was beneficial but adding radiotherapy did not further extend survival. High initial plasma levels of IL12 and MIP3b correlated to overall survival, whereas IL8 responses post-treatment correlated negatively with survival. Interestingly, antibody reactions to the virus correlated negatively with post IL6 and pre IL1b levels in blood. Conclusions AdCD40L was safely administered to patients and effect was improved by cyclophosphamide but not by radiotherapy. Immune activation profile at baseline may predict responders better than shortly after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Irenaeus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aglaia Schiza
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wenthe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Krause
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundin
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas H Tötterman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav J Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borst A, Haferkamp S, Grimm J, Rösch M, Zhu G, Guo S, Li C, Gao T, Meierjohann S, Schrama D, Houben R. BIK is involved in BRAF/MEK inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2017; 404:70-78. [PMID: 28720543 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma specific inhibitors of BRAFV600E and MEK1/2 frequently induce initial tumor reduction, frequently followed by relapse. As demonstrated previously, BRAFV600E-inhibition induces apoptosis only in a fraction of treated cells, while the remaining arrest and survive providing a source or a niche for relapse. To identify factors contributing to the differential initial response towards BRAF/MEK inhibition, we established M14 melanoma cell line-derived single cell clones responding to treatment with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib predominantly with either cell cycle arrest (CCA-cells) or apoptosis (A-cells). Screening for differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes revealed loss of BCL2-Interacting Killer (BIK) mRNA in CCA-cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of BIK in CCA-cells resulted in increased apoptosis rates following vemurafenib/trametinib treatment, while knockdown/knockout of BIK in A-cells attenuated the apoptotic response. Furthermore, we demonstrate reversible epigenetic silencing of BIK mRNA expression in CCA-cells. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment associated with re-expression of BIK augmented sensitivity of CCA-cells towards vemurafenib/trametinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that BIK can be a critical mediator of melanoma cell fate determination in response to MAPK pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Grimm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rösch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Predictive value of PD-L1 based on mRNA level in the treatment of stage IV melanoma with ipilimumab. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1977-1984. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
26
|
Qin Y, Petaccia de Macedo M, Reuben A, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Spencer CN, Gopalakrishnan V, Reddy S, Cooper ZA, Fulbright OJ, Ramachandran R, Wahl A, Flores E, Thorsen ST, Tavera RJ, Conrad C, Williams MD, Tetzlaff MT, Wang WL, Gombos DS, Esmaeli B, Amaria RN, Hwu P, Wargo JA, Lazar AJ, Patel SP. Parallel profiling of immune infiltrate subsets in uveal melanoma versus cutaneous melanoma unveils similarities and differences: A pilot study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1321187. [PMID: 28680759 PMCID: PMC5486182 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1321187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low response rates to immunotherapy in uveal melanoma (UM) sharply contrast with reputable response rates in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. To characterize the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy in UM, we performed immune profiling in tumors from 10 metastatic UM patients and 10 metastatic CM patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although there is no difference in infiltrating CD8+ T cells between UM and CM, a significant decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive lymphocytes was observed and lower levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in UM metastases compared with CM metastases. Tumors from metastatic UM patients showed a lower success rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) growth compared with metastatic CM (45% vs. 64% success), with a significantly lower quantity of UM TIL expanded overall. These studies suggest that UM and CM are immunologically distinct, and provide potential explanation for the impaired success of immunotherapy in UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Petaccia de Macedo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine N Spencer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sujan Reddy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renjith Ramachandran
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arely Wahl
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban Flores
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawne T Thorsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene J Tavera
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan S Gombos
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Veilleux MS, Shear NH. Biologics in patients with skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1423-1430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Formaldehyde solutions in simulated sweat increase human melanoma but not normal human keratinocyte cells proliferation. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
30
|
Ranjbar M, Mohi A, Pföhler C, Grisanti S, Rudolf M. Introducing MARCo: Histoserological Findings of a Multi-Organic Paraneoplastic Syndrome in Cutaneous Melanoma Patients. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 6:659-666. [PMID: 27586435 PMCID: PMC5120631 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive skin cancer entity, causing most skin cancer-related deaths. Autoimmune disorders have been described as potential paraneoplastic complications. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possibility of a combinatory paraneoplastic affection of the retina and cochlea in patients with CM. Methods Sera samples from CM patients were used for indirect immunofluorescence on histological retinal and cochlear sections. Furthermore, the serum specimen of a patient with symptomatic affection of both organs was analyzed by multiplex ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for various cytokines including CD163 (cluster of differentiation 163). Results Eleven patients were diagnosed with CM. Autoantibodies against structures of the inner ear were confirmed in all patients who were tested positive for antiretinal antibodies as well. CD163 was significantly elevated in the double-symptomatic patient, who developed metastatic disease. Conclusion Paraneoplastic disease of CM can affect more than one organ and this affect may be correlated with the individual prognosis. Therefore, a thorough anamnesis is needed to avoid missing potential symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Laboratory for Angiogenesis and Ocular Cell Transplantation, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Armin Mohi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Translational Macula Research Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Martin Rudolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Translational Macula Research Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gutzmer R, Rivoltini L, Levchenko E, Testori A, Utikal J, Ascierto PA, Demidov L, Grob JJ, Ridolfi R, Schadendorf D, Queirolo P, Santoro A, Loquai C, Dreno B, Hauschild A, Schultz E, Lesimple TP, Vanhoutte N, Salaun B, Gillet M, Jarnjak S, De Sousa Alves PM, Louahed J, Brichard VG, Lehmann FF. Safety and immunogenicity of the PRAME cancer immunotherapeutic in metastatic melanoma: results of a phase I dose escalation study. ESMO Open 2016; 1:e000068. [PMID: 27843625 PMCID: PMC5070281 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2016-000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The PRAME tumour antigen is expressed in several tumour types but in few normal adult tissues. A dose-escalation phase I/II study (NCT01149343) assessed the safety, immunogenicity and clinical activity of the PRAME immunotherapeutic (recombinant PRAME protein (recPRAME) with the AS15 immunostimulant) in patients with advanced melanoma. Here, we report the phase I dose-escalation study segment. Patients and methods Patients with stage IV PRAME-positive melanoma were enrolled to 3 consecutive cohorts to receive up to 24 intramuscular injections of the PRAME immunotherapeutic. The RecPRAME dose was 20, 100 or 500 µg in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively, with a fixed dose of AS15. Adverse events (AEs), including predefined dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and the anti-PRAME humoral response (ELISA), were coprimary end points. Cellular immune responses were evaluated using in vitro assays. Results 66 patients were treated (20, 24 and 22 in the respective cohorts). AEs considered by the investigator to be causally related were mostly grade 1 or 2 injection site symptoms, fatigue, chills, fever and headache. Two DLTs (grade 3 brain oedema and proteinuria) were recorded in two patients in two cohorts (cohorts 2 and 3). All patients had detectable anti-PRAME antibodies after four immunisations. Percentages of patients with predefined PRAME-specific-CD4+T-cell responses after four immunisations were similar in each cohort. No CD8+ T-cell responses were detected. Conclusions The PRAME immunotherapeutic had an acceptable safety profile and induced similar anti-PRAME-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in all cohorts. As per protocol, the phase II study segment was initiated to further evaluate the 500 µg PRAME immunotherapeutic dose. Trial registration number NCT01149343, Results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gutzmer
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - L Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors , Fondazione RCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - E Levchenko
- Petrov Research Institute of Oncology , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - A Testori
- Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia , Milano , Italy
| | - J Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P A Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale , Naples , Italy
| | - L Demidov
- Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - J J Grob
- Aix Marseille University Hôpital de la Timone, Service de Dermatologie , Marseille , France
| | - R Ridolfi
- Immunotherapy Unit , Romagna Cancer Institute IRST- IRCCS , Meldola , Italy
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - P Queirolo
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro Oncologia Medica , Genova , Italy
| | - A Santoro
- Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy
| | - C Loquai
- Department of Dermatology , University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - B Dreno
- Dermatology Clinic , Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - A Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology , Skin Cancer Center, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital , Kiel , Germany
| | - E Schultz
- Department of Dermatology , Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nuremberg , Nuremberg , Germany
| | - T P Lesimple
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale , Centre Eugène Marquis , Rennes , France
| | | | - B Salaun
- GSK Vaccines , Rixensart , Belgium
| | - M Gillet
- GSK Vaccines , Rixensart , Belgium
| | | | - P M De Sousa Alves
- GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium; Celyad, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | - V G Brichard
- GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium; Vianova-Biosciences, Lasne, Belgium
| | - F F Lehmann
- GSK Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium; Celyad, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Rixensart, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marzagalli M, Montagnani Marelli M, Casati L, Fontana F, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma: From Molecular Insights to Potential Clinical Utility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:140. [PMID: 27833586 PMCID: PMC5080294 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor; its incidence has been reported to increase fast in the past decades. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, with most patients harboring mutations in the BRAF or NRAS oncogenes, leading to the overactivation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. The current therapeutic approaches are based on therapies targeting mutated BRAF and the downstream pathway, and on monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoint blockade. However, treatment resistance and side effects are common events of these therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence supports that melanoma is a hormone-related cancer. Melanoma incidence is higher in males than in females, and females have a significant survival advantage over men. Estrogens exert their effects through estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) that affect cancer growth in an opposite way: ERα is associated with a proliferative action and ERβ with an anticancer effect. ERβ is the predominant ER in melanoma, and its expression decreases in melanoma progression, supporting its role as a tumor suppressor. Thus, ERβ is now considered as an effective molecular target for melanoma treatment. 17β-estradiol was reported to inhibit melanoma cells proliferation; however, clinical trials did not provide the expected survival benefits. In vitro studies demonstrate that ERβ ligands inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells harboring the NRAS (but not the BRAF) mutation, suggesting that ERβ activation might impair melanoma development through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. These data suggest that ERβ agonists might be considered as an effective treatment strategy, in combination with MAPK inhibitors, for NRAS mutant melanomas. In an era of personalized medicine, pretreatment evaluation of the expression of ER isoforms together with the concurrent oncogenic mutations should be considered before selecting the most appropriate therapeutic intervention. Natural compounds that specifically bind to ERβ have been identified. These phytoestrogens decrease the proliferation of melanoma cells. Importantly, these effects are unrelated to the oncogenic mutations of melanomas, suggesting that, in addition to their ERβ activating function, these compounds might impair melanoma development through additional mechanisms. A better identification of the role of ERβ in melanoma development will help increase the therapeutic options for this aggressive pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Patrizia Limonta,
| |
Collapse
|