1
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Park D, Lee SJ, Park JW. Aptamer-Based Smart Targeting and Spatial Trigger-Response Drug-Delivery Systems for Anticancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:187. [PMID: 38255292 PMCID: PMC10813750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of drug delivery has witnessed remarkable progress, driven by the quest for more effective and precise therapeutic interventions. Among the myriad strategies employed, the integration of aptamers as targeting moieties and stimuli-responsive systems has emerged as a promising avenue, particularly in the context of anticancer therapy. This review explores cutting-edge advancements in targeted drug-delivery systems, focusing on the integration of aptamers and stimuli-responsive platforms for enhanced spatial anticancer therapy. In the aptamer-based drug-delivery systems, we delve into the versatile applications of aptamers, examining their conjugation with gold, silica, and carbon materials. The synergistic interplay between aptamers and these materials is discussed, emphasizing their potential in achieving precise and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, we explore stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems with an emphasis on spatial anticancer therapy. Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles are elucidated, and their capacity to exploit the dynamic conditions within cancerous tissues for controlled drug release is detailed. External stimuli-responsive strategies, including ultrasound-mediated, photo-responsive, and magnetic-guided drug-delivery systems, are examined for their role in achieving synergistic anticancer effects. This review integrates diverse approaches in the quest for precision medicine, showcasing the potential of aptamers and stimuli-responsive systems to revolutionize drug-delivery strategies for enhanced anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsik Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Woong Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xia D, Li J, Feng L, Gao Z, Liu J, Wang X, Hu Y. Advances in Targeting Drug Biological Carriers for Enhancing Tumor Therapy Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300178. [PMID: 37466216 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs continue to be the main component of oncology treatment research and have been proven to be the main treatment modality in tumor therapy. However, the poor delivery efficiency of cancer therapeutic drugs and their potential off-target toxicity significantly limit their effectiveness and extensive application. The recent integration of biological carriers and functional agents is expected to camouflage synthetic biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted delivery. The promising candidates, including but not limited to red blood cells and their membranes, platelets, tumor cell membrane, bacteria, immune cell membrane, and hybrid membrane are typical representatives of biological carriers because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Biological carriers are widely used to deliver chemotherapy drugs to improve the effectiveness of drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy in vivo, and tremendous progress is made in this field. This review summarizes recent developments in biological vectors as targeted drug delivery systems based on microenvironmental stimuli-responsive release, thus highlighting the potential applications of target drug biological carriers. The review also discusses the possibility of clinical translation, as well as the exploitation trend of these target drug biological carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Lingzi Feng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi No. 5 People's Hospital Affiliated Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214005, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqian Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226361, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P.R. China
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3
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Ghosh LD, Jain A. The prospects of microphysiological systems in modeling platelet pathophysiology in cancer. Platelets 2023; 34:2247489. [PMID: 37610007 PMCID: PMC10578702 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2247489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of platelets is well recognized in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, platelets also promote tumor progression and metastasis through their crosstalk with various cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). For example, several cancer models continue to show that platelet functions are readily altered by cancer cells upon activation leading to the formation of platelet-tumor aggregates, triggering release of soluble factors from platelet granules and altering platelet turnover. Further, activated platelets protect tumor cells from shear forces in circulation and assault of cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. Platelet-secreted factors promote proliferation of malignant cells, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Much of our knowledge of platelet biology in cancer has been achieved with animal models, particularly murine. However, this preclinical understanding of the complex pathophysiology is yet to be fully realized and translated to clinical trials in terms of new approaches to treat cancer via controlling the platelet function. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of platelet physiology obtained through existing in vivo and in vitro cancer models, the complex interactions of platelets with cancer cells in TME and the pathways by which platelets may confer chemoresistance. Since the FDA Modernization Act recently passed by the US government has made animal models optional in drug approvals, we critically examine the existing and futuristic value of employing bioengineered microphysiological systems and organ-chips to understand the mechanistic role of platelets in cancer metastasis and exploring novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra D. Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Zou J, Sun R, He M, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Xia C, Ma Y, Zheng S, Fu X, Yuan Z, Lan M, Lou K, Chen X, Gao F. Sequential Rocket-Mode Bioactivating Ticagrelor Prodrug Nanoplatform Combining Light-Switchable Diphtherin Transgene System for Breast Cancer Metastasis Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53198-53216. [PMID: 37942626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased risk of breast cancer metastasis is closely linked to the effects of platelets. Our previously light-switchable diphtheria toxin A fragment (DTA) gene system, known as the LightOn system, has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential; it lacks antimetastatic capabilities. In this study, we devised an innovative system by combining cell membrane fusion liposomes (CML) loaded with the light-switchable transgene DTA (pDTA) and a ticagrelor (Tig) prodrug. This innovative system, named the sequential rocket-mode bioactivating drug delivery system (pDTA-Tig@CML), aims to achieve targeted pDTA delivery while concurrently inhibiting platelet activity through the sequential release of Tig triggered by reactive oxygen species with the tumor microenvironment. In vitro investigations have indicated that pDTA-Tig@CML, with its ability to sequentially release Tig and pDTA, effectively suppresses platelet activity, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes and the mitigation of platelet driven metastasis in breast cancer. Furthermore, pDTA-Tig@CML exhibits enhanced tumor aggregation and successfully restrains tumor growth and metastasis. It also reduces the levels of ADP, ATP, TGF-β, and P-selectin both in vitro and in vivo, underscoring the advantages of combining the bioactivating Tig prodrug nanoplatform with the LightOn system. Consequently, pDTA-Tig@CML emerges as a promising light-switchable DTA transgene system, offering a novel bioactivating prodrug platform for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muye He
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuanhe Xia
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shulei Zheng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiuzhi Fu
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-Cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Tang Y, Qian C, Zhou Y, Yu C, Song M, Zhang T, Min X, Wang A, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Activated platelets facilitate hematogenous metastasis of breast cancer by modulating the PDGFR-β/COX-2 axis. iScience 2023; 26:107704. [PMID: 37680480 PMCID: PMC10480622 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been widely recognized as a bona fide mediator of malignant diseases, and they play significant roles in influencing various aspects of tumor progression. Paracrine interactions between platelets and tumor cells have been implicated in promoting the dissemination of malignant cells to distant sites. However, the underlying mechanisms of the platelet-tumor cell interactions for promoting hematogenous metastasis are not yet fully understood. We found that activated platelets with high expression of CD36 were prone to release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, including high levels of PDGF-B, compared to resting platelets. PDGF-B activated the PDGFR-β/COX-2 signaling cascade, which elevated an array of pro-inflammatory factors levels, thereby aggravating tumor metastasis. The collective administration of CD36 inhibitor and COX-2 inhibitor resolved the interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that targeting the crosstalk between platelets and tumor cells offers potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Min
- Department of Outpatient, Jurong People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Wei C, Zhou L, Yang Y, Niu L, Yan H. Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of N 6 -hydrazone purine derivatives with potential antiplatelet aggregation activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:568-580. [PMID: 36112079 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In our research on novel anticancer agents, a series of N6 -hydrazone purine derivatives were designed and synthesized by analysis of a pharmacophore model for ATP-competitive inhibitors. The activities screening results showed that N6 -hydrazone purine derivatives 21 and 26 not only showed potential antiproliferative activity against the A549 and MCF-7 cell lines comparable to Vandetanib as a positive control but also had moderate antiplatelet aggregation activity. In order to investigate the possible targets, a molecular docking study was carried out on the fourteen kinases associated with anticancer and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The results indicated that compounds 21 and 26 had the potential activity to target VEGFR-2, PI3Kα, EGFR, and HER2 kinases. The inhibition of the kinases assay showed that compound 26 could target VEGFR-2, PI3Kα, and EGFR (IC50 = 0.822, 3.040 and 6.625 μM). All results indicated that compound 26 will be an encouraging framework as potential new multi-target anticancer agent with potential antiplatelet aggregation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochun Wei
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lexuan Niu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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7
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Abstract
In addition to the key role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets have also been wildly acknowledged as immune regulatory cells and involving in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases. Since purine receptor P2Y12 plays a crucial role in platelet activation, P2Y12 antagonists such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor have been widely used in cardiovascular diseases worldwide in recent decades due to their potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Meanwhile, the role of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases has also been extensively studied. Relatively, there are few studies on the regulation of P2Y12. This review first summarizes the various roles of P2Y12 in the process of platelet activation, as well as downstream effects and signaling pathways; then introduces the effects of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and asthma; and finally reviews the current researches on P2Y12 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | | | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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8
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Pancreatic Cancer Cells Induce MicroRNA Deregulation in Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911438. [PMID: 36232741 PMCID: PMC9569638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a pathology with a high mortality rate since it is detected at advanced stages, so the search for early-stage diagnostic biomarkers is essential. Liquid biopsies are currently being explored for this purpose and educated platelets are a good candidate, since they are known to present a bidirectional interaction with tumor cells. In this work, we analyzed the effects of platelets on cancer cells’ viability, as determined by MTT, migration using transwell assays, clonogenicity in soft agar and stemness by dilution assays and stem markers’ expression. We found that the co-culture of platelets and pancreatic cancer cells increased the proliferation and migration capacity of BXCP3 cells, augmented clonogenicity and induced higher levels of Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4 expression. As platelets can provide horizontal transfer of microRNAs, we also determined the differential expression of miRNAs in platelets obtained from a small cohort of pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects. We found clear differences in the expression of several miRNAs between platelets of patients with cancer healthy subjects. Moreover, when we analyzed microRNAs from the platelets of the pancreatic juice and blood derived from each of the cancer patients, interestingly we find differences between the blood- and pancreatic juice-derived platelets suggesting the presence of different subpopulations of platelets in cancer patients, which warrant further analysis.
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9
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Gianni C, Palleschi M, Schepisi G, Casadei C, Bleve S, Merloni F, Sirico M, Sarti S, Cecconetto L, Di Menna G, Schettini F, De Giorgi U. Circulating inflammatory cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer: Implications for treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882896. [PMID: 36003772 PMCID: PMC9393759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive and innate immune cells play a crucial role as regulators of cancer development. Inflammatory cells in blood flow seem to be involved in pro-tumor activities and contribute to breast cancer progression. Circulating lymphocyte ratios such as the platelet-lymphocytes ratio (PLR), the monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are new reproducible, routinely feasible and cheap biomarkers of immune response. These indexes have been correlated to prognosis in many solid tumors and there is growing evidence on their clinical applicability as independent prognostic markers also for breast cancer. In this review we give an overview of the possible value of lymphocytic indexes in advanced breast cancer prognosis and prediction of outcome. Furthermore, targeting the immune system appear to be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer, especially macrophage-targeted therapies. Herein we present an overview of the ongoing clinical trials testing systemic inflammatory cells as therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- *Correspondence: Caterina Gianni,
| | - Michela Palleschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bleve
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Merloni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Samanta Sarti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecconetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Di Menna
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Schettini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors Group, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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10
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Repsold L, Pool R, Karodia M, Tintinger G, Joubert AM. Ex vivo platelet morphology assessment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients before and after Imatinib treatment. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2222-2233. [PMID: 35174933 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease and the first line treatment is through the administration of Imatinib, a first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Thrombocytosis and bleeding irregularities are common in CML, however, the morphological variations in CML patients' platelets are not well documented. In this study, ex vivo platelet morphology of control participants, as well as CML patients were assessed before and after Imatinib treatment. The topographical and structural morphology of platelets were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Qualitative data of SEM and TEM revealed that CML patient's platelets were prone to aggregation and coagulation at time of diagnosis; the samples that were not aggregated at time of diagnosis showed typical discoid shaped platelets, which was comparable to control participants' platelets. TEM results of CML patients' platelets at diagnosis showed that internal granular constituents including dense bodies were decreased in comparison to control participants. In all CML patients, platelets appeared activated after 6 months of treatment with Imatinib with membrane structure abnormalities and constituent variations. Research to date has primarily focused on the effects of CML on leukocyte populations, however, the results of the current study implicate the impact of CML pathogenesis on platelets, seemingly as a result of alterations in normal hematopoiesis. In addition, the impact of Imatinib treatment on platelet morphology was also established, indicating an increase in platelet activation. Recognizing and understanding the impact of CML disease progression on platelets is of importance to aid improved patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Roger Pool
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Karodia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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11
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Pothoulakis I, Wikholm C, Verma V, Ahmad AI, Vangimalla SS, Patel H, Oh JH, Zhao A, Gress KL, Bovill J, Deshpande N, Marquez M, Dean B, Gholson DA, Bhogal L, Buchanan F, Cho WK. Predictors of colorectal carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease in patients with colonic wall thickening. JGH OPEN 2022; 6:159-165. [PMID: 35355674 PMCID: PMC8938753 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Pothoulakis
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Colin Wikholm
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Akram I Ahmad
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Shiva S Vangimalla
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Harshkumar Patel
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jae H Oh
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Alex Zhao
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Kyle L Gress
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - John Bovill
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Nikita Deshpande
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Maria Marquez
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Brynley Dean
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Dwight A Gholson
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Loveleen Bhogal
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Faith Buchanan
- Department of Medicine MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Won Kyoo Cho
- Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology INOVA Health System Leesburg VA USA
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12
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Platelet Function, Role in Thrombosis, Inflammation, and Consequences in Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113034. [PMID: 34831257 PMCID: PMC8616365 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are conventionally defined as playing a vital role in homeostasis and thrombosis. This role has over the years transformed as knowledge regarding platelets has expanded to include inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis. Upon platelet activation and subsequent aggregation, platelets release a host of various factors, including numerous pro-inflammatory factors. These pro-inflammatory factors are recruiters and activators of leukocytes, aiding in platelets’ immune regulating function and inflammatory function. These various platelet functions are interrelated; activation of the inflammatory function results in thrombosis and, moreover, in various disease conditions, can result in worsened or chronic pathogenesis, including cancer. The role and contribution of platelets in a multitude of pathophysiological events during hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis is an important focus for ongoing research. Platelet activation as discussed here is present in all platelet functionalities and can result in a multitude of factors and signaling pathways being activated. The cross-talk between inflammation, cancer, and platelets is therefore an ideal target for research and treatment strategies through antiplatelet therapy. Despite the knowledge implicating platelets in these mentioned processes, there is, nevertheless, limited literature available on the involvement and impact of platelets in many diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms. The extensive role platelets play in the processes discussed here is irrefutable, yet we do not fully understand the complete interrelation and extent of these processes.
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13
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Pudakalakatti S, Audia A, Mukhopadhyay A, Enriquez JS, Bourgeois D, Tayob N, Zacharias NM, Millward SW, Carson D, Farach-Carson MC, Lang FF, Heimberger AB, Bhat KP, Bhattacharya PK. NMR Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics of Platelets to Analyze Brain Tumors. REPORTS 2021; 4. [PMID: 35937580 PMCID: PMC9352435 DOI: 10.3390/reports4040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
“Tumor-educated platelets” have recently generated substantial interest for the diagnosis of cancer. We hypothesized that tumor educated platelets from patients with brain tumors will reflect altered metabolism compared to platelets from healthy volunteers. Here, in a pilot study, we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in platelets from brain tumor patients to demonstrate altered metabolism compared to the platelets obtained from healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alessandra Audia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirudh Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - José S. Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Nabihah Tayob
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven W. Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Daniel Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krishna P. Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Pratip K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Ticagrelor prevents tumor metastasis via inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting platelet apoptosis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:1012-1017. [PMID: 33009034 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells can activate platelets, which in turn facilitate tumor cell survival and dissemination. Platelets inhibition or blocking platelet-tumor cell interactions has become a strategy to suppress tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of ticagrelor, a new antiplatelet drug, on tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Our results show that ticagrelor not only inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of B16F10 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells but also induces platelet apoptosis. In addition, we find that apoptosis of the platelet cells is dose dependent. Further, the result of in-vivo experiments proved that ticagrelor treatment decreased the tumor metastasis. The results of this study demonstrate that ticagrelor may be a potential anti-tumor agent for tumor metastasis.
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15
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Zhao Z, Wang H, Tian N, Yan H, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N 4 -hydrazone derivatives of 5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one as novel anticancer agents with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100213. [PMID: 34368988 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To obtain new anticancer agents with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy, a series of novel N4 -hydrazone derivatives of 5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one were designed and synthesized by an eight-step reaction, with appropriate yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against A549 and MCF-7 cells and for antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro. The results showed that compounds 25 and 35 not only showed potent antiproliferative activity against the A549 (IC50 = 15.3 and 21.4 μM) and MCF-7 (IC50 = 15.6 and 10.9 μM) cell lines but also showed certain antiplatelet aggregation activity (inhibition rates: 47.0% and 45.8%). These results indicated that the structural modification on the N4 -hydrazone moiety of 5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-one is promising to obtain novel anticancer compounds with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed to investigate the possible targets, and these results indicated that compounds 25 and 35 have the potential to target EGFR, HER2, and P2Y12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), Beijing, China
| | - Nana Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Beijing Economic Technological Development Area (BDA), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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16
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Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Platelet-Cancer Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Avenues. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665534. [PMID: 34322381 PMCID: PMC8311658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that platelets promote tumor progression and metastasis through a wide range of physical and functional interactions between platelets and cancer cells. Thrombotic and thromboembolic events are frequent complications in patients with solid tumors. Hence, cancer modulates platelet function by directly inducing platelet-tumor aggregates and triggering platelet granule release and altering platelet turnover. Also, platelets enhance tumor cell dissemination by activating endothelial cell function and recruiting immune cells to primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells and the host microenvironment. We also critically discuss the potential of anti-platelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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17
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Antiplatelet Therapy Combined with Anastrozole Induces Features of Partial EMT in Breast Cancer Cells and Fails to Mitigate Breast-Cancer Induced Hypercoagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084153. [PMID: 33923802 PMCID: PMC8074114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Cancer patients often present with an increased risk for thrombosis including hypercoagulation, so the application of antiplatelet strategies to oncology warrants further investigation. This study investigated the effects of anastrozole and antiplatelet therapy (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail or atopaxar) treatment on the tumour responses of luminal phenotype breast cancer cells and induced hypercoagulation. Ethical clearance was obtained (M150263). Blood was co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) pre-treated with anastrozole and/or antiplatelet drugs for 24 h. Hypercoagulation was indicated by thrombin production and platelet activation (morphological and molecular). Gene expression associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed in breast cancer cells, and secreted cytokines associated with tumour progression were evaluated. Data were analysed with the PAST3 software. Our findings showed that antiplatelet therapies (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail and atopaxar) combined with anastrozole failed to prevent hypercoagulation and induced evidence of a partial EMT. Differences in tumour responses that modulate tumour aggression were noted between breast cancer cell lines, and this may be an important consideration in the clinical management of subphenotypes of luminal phenotype breast cancer. Further investigation is needed before this treatment modality (combined hormone and antiplatelet therapy) can be considered for managing tumour associated-thromboembolic disorder.
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18
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Xu Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Chen G, Li X, Ren H. Damaging Tumor Vessels with an Ultrasound-Triggered NO Release Nanosystem to Enhance Drug Accumulation and T Cells Infiltration. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2597-2613. [PMID: 33833514 PMCID: PMC8021257 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s295445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited by tumor vascular barriers, restricted intratumoural T cell infiltration and nanoparticles accumulation remain major bottlenecks for anticancer therapy. Platelets are now known to maintain tumor vascular integrity. Therefore, inhibition of tumor-associated platelets may be an effective method to increase T cell infiltration and drug accumulation at tumor sites. Herein, we designed an ultrasound-responsive nitric oxide (NO) release nanosystem, SNO-HSA-PTX, which can release NO in response to ultrasound (US) irradiation, thereby inhibiting platelet function and opening the tumor vascular barrier, promoting drug accumulation and T cell infiltration. METHODS We evaluated the ability of SNO-HSA-PTX to release NO in response to US irradiation. We also tested the effect of SNO-HSA-PTX on platelet function. Plenty of studies including cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics study, biodistribution, blood perfusion, T cell infiltration, in vivo antitumor efficacy and safety assessment were conducted to investigate the antitumor effect of SNO-HSA-PTX. RESULTS SNO-HSA-PTX with US irradiation inhibited tumor-associated platelets activation and induced openings in the tumor vascular barriers, which promoted the accumulation of SNO-HSA-PTX nanoparticles to the tumor sites. Meanwhile, the damaged vascular barriers allowed oxygen-carrying hemoglobin to infiltrate tumor regions, alleviating hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the intratumoral T cell infiltration was augmented, together with chemotherapy and NO therapy, which greatly inhibited tumor growth. DISCUSSION Our research designed a simple strategy to open the vascular barrier by inhibiting the tumor-associated platelets, which provide new ideas for anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangya Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Agostini F, Durante C, Mazzucato M, Colombatti A, Aldinucci D. In Ovarian Cancer Multicellular Spheroids, Platelet Releasate Promotes Growth, Expansion of ALDH+ and CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells, and Protection against the Cytotoxic Effects of Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063019. [PMID: 33809553 PMCID: PMC7999151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high platelet count is associated with a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer (OvCa). Despite good clinical responses with platinating agents in combination with taxanes, numerous OvCa patients relapse due to chemotherapy resistance. Here, we report that treatment of OvCa cells A2780, OVCAR5 and MDAH with releasate from activated platelets (PR) promoted multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation. These OvCa-MCTSs had increased percentages of CD133+ and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)+ cells, bona fide markers of OvCa cancer stem cells (CSCs). PR increased OVCAR5- and MDAH-MCTS viability and decreased the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of paclitaxel, cisplatin and carboplatin. PR increased the volume of spontaneously formed OVCAR8-MCTSs and counteracted their size reduction due to cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment. PR promoted the survival of ALDH+ and CD133+ OvCa cells during cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment. In conclusion, molecules and growth factors released by activated platelets (EGF, PDGF, TGF-β, IGF and CCL5) may protect tumor cells from chemotherapy by promoting the expansion of ALDH+ and CD133+ OvCa-CSCs, favoring drug resistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (F.A.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (N.C.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Cheng X, Cheng K. Visualizing cancer extravasation: from mechanistic studies to drug development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:71-88. [PMID: 33156478 PMCID: PMC7897269 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that accounts for the majority of cancer-related death. By the end of metastasize dissemination, circulating tumor cells (CTC) need to extravasate the blood vessels at metastatic sites to form new colonization. Although cancer cell extravasation is a crucial step in cancer metastasis, it has not been successfully targeted by current anti-metastasis strategies due to the lack of a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review focuses on recent progress in cancer extravasation visualization techniques, including the development of both in vitro and in vivo cancer extravasation models, that shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, multiple cancer extravasation stages, such as the adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, are successfully probed using these technologies. Moreover, the roles of different cell adhesive molecules, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as the mechanical factors in these stages are well illustrated. Deeper understandings of cancer extravasation mechanisms offer us new opportunities to escalate the discovery of anti-extravasation drugs and therapies and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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21
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Geranpayehvaghei M, Dabirmanesh B, Khaledi M, Atabakhshi-Kashi M, Gao C, Taleb M, Zhang Y, Khajeh K, Nie G. Cancer-associated-platelet-inspired nanomedicines for cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1702. [PMID: 33538125 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, with hemostasis and thrombosis activities, are one of the key components in the blood circulation. As a guard, they rapidly respond to any abnormal blood vessel injury signal and release their granules' contents, which induce their adhesion and aggregation on wound site for hemostasis. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that platelets are critically involved in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by releasing a variety of cytokines and chemokines to stimulate cancer cell proliferation and various angiogenic regulators to accelerate tumor angiogenesis. Platelets also secrete active transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells and their extravasation from primary site, and form microthrombus on the surface of cancer cells to protect them from immune attack and high-speed shear force in the circulation. Therefore, blocking platelet-cancer cell interaction may be an attractive strategy to treat primary tumor and/or prevent cancer metastasis. However, systemic inhibition or depletion of platelets brings risk of severe bleeding complication. Cancer-associated-platelets-targeted nanomedicines and biomimetic nanomedicines coated with platelet membrane can be used for targeted anticancer drug delivery, due to their natural targeting ability to tumor cells and platelets. In the current review, we first summarized the platelet mechanisms of action in physiological condition and their multiple roles in cancer progression and conventional antiplatelet therapeutics. We then highlighted the recent progress on the design and fabrication of cancer-associated-platelet-targeted nanomedicines and platelet membrane coating nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed opportunities and challenges and offered our thoughts for the future development. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Geranpayehvaghei
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaledi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Atabakhshi-Kashi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mohammad Taleb
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, China
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22
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Gutiontov SI, Choe KS, Miller JL, Liauw SL. Improved outcomes after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and platelet count as key factors in disease progression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4667-4675. [PMID: 32400122 PMCID: PMC7333841 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that antiplatelet (AP) or anticoagulant (AC) therapy may improve outcome in men with prostate cancer. We evaluated the effects of AP/AC therapy and tested the hypothesis that platelet count may also be associated with outcomes. METHODS A total of 482 patients received primary radiotherapy (median dose 72 Gy) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer; 49% received androgen deprivation therapy. NCCN risk was low/intermediate/high risk in 39%/39%/22%. AP/AC therapy and platelet counts were analyzed with respect to freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF, nadir+2), distant metastasis (FFDM), and cause specific survival (CSS). RESULTS After a median follow-up of 103 months, 10-year FFBF, FFDM, and CSS were 77%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence of BF and DM (with death as a competing event) was 19% and 7.0%, respectively. The 32% of men on AP/AC therapy had a lower incidence of 10-year BF (P = .016) and a trend toward a lower incidence of DM (P = .084) and CSS (P = .091). In the entire cohort, lowest platelet quartile (platelet count <187) was associated with higher 10-year BF (31% vs 16%, P = .0042) but not DM (9.4% vs 5.2%, P = .22) nor CSS (P = .76) compared with those patients with platelet count ≥187. AP/AC therapy was associated with a larger absolute reduction in BF for men with lowest platelet quartile (10-year BF of 21% vs 38%, P = .092) vs platelet ≥187 (10-year BF of 10% vs 18%, P = .053). Lowest platelet quartile remained associated with higher BF and DM on multivariable analysis controlling for risk category, WBC, and Hg. CONCLUSION AP/AC was associated with improved FFBF. Low platelet count was associated with inferior FFBF and FFDM after prostate radiotherapy. This association was tempered when antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin S. Choe
- Radiation Oncology AssociatesInova HospitalFairfaxVAUSA
| | | | - Stanley L. Liauw
- Department of Radiation and Cellular OncologyUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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23
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Abstract
There is increasing awareness that platelets play a significant role in creating a hypercoagulable environment that mediates tumor progression, beyond their classical hemostatic function. Platelets have heterogenic responses to agonists, and differential release and uptake of bioactive molecules may be manipulated via reciprocal cross-talk with cells of the tumor microenvironment. Platelets thus promote tumor progression by enhancing tumor growth, promoting the development of tumor-associated vasculature and encouraging invasion. In the metastatic process, platelets form the shield that protects tumor cells from high-velocity forces and immunosurveillance, while ensuring the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche. This review presents the complexity of these concepts, considering platelets as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and potentially as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of the Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Luzo AC, Fávaro WJ, Seabra AB, Durán N. What is the potential use of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) in cancer treatment? A mini review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03660. [PMID: 32258495 PMCID: PMC7113436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) is an autologous human platelet concentrate extracted from plasma. PRP has been investigated in order to be used in many fields, with emphasis on the musculoskeletal field applied to sports injuries, as well as on other medical fields such as cardiac surgery, gynecology, pediatric surgery, urology, ophthalmology and plastic surgery. Cancer treatment is another important field where PRP should be investigated; thus, it is important validating PRP preparation protocols to be used in clinical research. Many protocols should be revised since, overall, most studies do not provide necessary information to allow them to be multiplied or replicated. The current review focuses on several topics about cancer, mainly on innovative studies about PRP use as a feasible therapeutic alternative to treat bladder cancer - a field where it could play a key role. Relevant aspects such as platelets' contribution to immune regulation and the supportive role they play in innate and adaptive immune functions are also addressed. Another important topic reviewed in the current study refers to inflammatory process regulation associated with cancer and thrombosis sites, which indicated that tumor-induced platelet activation could be used as an important therapeutic target in the future. New aspects concerning nitric oxide's ability to restrain platelet adhesion and aggregation in order to slow metastasis progress in cancer patients provide an important advantage in cancer treatment. Finally, the current review has pointed out perspectives and the main concerns about, and possibilities of, PRP use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C.M. Luzo
- Transfusion Medicine Service, Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center,University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wagner J. Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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The endothelial barrier and cancer metastasis: Does the protective facet of platelet function matter? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113886. [PMID: 32113813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence suggests that platelets have a detrimental role in promoting cancer spread via platelet-cancer cell interactions linked to thrombotic mechanisms. On the other hand, a beneficial role of platelets in the preservation of the endothelial barrier in inflammatory conditions has been recently described, a phenomenon that could also operate in cancer-related inflammation. It is tempting to speculate that some antiplatelet strategies to combat cancer metastasis may impair the endogenous platelet-dependent mechanisms preserving endothelial barrier function. If the protective function of platelets is impaired, it may lead to increased endothelial permeability and more efficient cancer cell intravasation in the primary tumor and cancer cell extravasation at metastatic sites. In this commentary, we discuss current evidence that could support this hypothesis.
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Elaskalani O, Domenchini A, Abdol Razak NB, E. Dye D, Falasca M, Metharom P. Antiplatelet Drug Ticagrelor Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Targeting the Novel P2Y12-AKT Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010250. [PMID: 31968611 PMCID: PMC7016832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive research has reported that extracellular ADP in the tumour microenvironment can stimulate platelets through interaction with the platelet receptor P2Y12. In turn, activated platelets release biological factors supporting cancer progression. Experimental data suggest that the tumour microenvironment components, of which platelets are integral, can promote chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, overcoming chemoresistance requires combining multiple inhibitors that simultaneously target intrinsic pathways in cancer cells and extrinsic factors related to the tumour microenvironment. We aimed to determine whether ticagrelor, an inhibitor of the ADP–P2Y12 axis and a well-known antiplatelet drug, could be a therapeutic option for PDAC. Methods: We investigated a functional P2Y12 receptor and its downstream signalling in a panel of PDAC cell lines and non-cancer pancreatic cells termed hTERT-HPNE. We tested the synergistic effect of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and cisplatin), in vitro and in vivo. Results: Knockdown studies revealed that P2Y12 contributed to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the expression of SLUG and ZEB1, which are transcriptional factors implicated in metastasis and chemoresistance. Studies using genetic and pharmacological inhibitors showed that the P2Y12–EGFR crosstalk enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of P2Y12 signalling significantly reduced EGF-dependent AKT activation and promoted the anticancer activity of anti-EGFR treatment. Importantly, ticagrelor significantly decreased the proliferative capacity of cancer but not normal pancreatic cells. In vitro, synergism was observed when ticagrelor was combined with several chemodrugs. In vivo, a combination of ticagrelor with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumour growth, whereas gemcitabine or ticagrelor alone had a minimal effect. Conclusions: These findings uncover a novel effect and mechanism of action of the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor in PDAC cells and suggest a multi-functional role for ADP-P2Y12 signalling in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Alice Domenchini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(08)-9266-9271
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Pantazi D, Ntemou N, Brentas A, Alivertis D, Skobridis K, Tselepis AD. Molecular Requirements for the Expression of Antiplatelet Effects by Synthetic Structural Optimized Analogues of the Anticancer Drugs Imatinib and Nilotinib. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4225-4238. [PMID: 31849454 PMCID: PMC6913343 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s211907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Platelets play important roles in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as in cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). Tyrosine kinases are implicated in several intracellular signaling pathways involved in tumor biology, thus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent an important class of anticancer drugs, based on the concept of targeted therapy. Purpose The objective of this study is the design and synthesis of analogues of the TKIs imatinib and nilotinib in order to develop tyrosine kinase inhibitors, by investigating their molecular requirements, which would express antiplatelet properties. Methods Based on a recently described by us improved approach in the preparation of imatinib and/or nilotinib analogues, we designed and synthesized in five-step reaction sequences, 8 analogues of imatinib (I-IV), nilotinib (V, VI) and imatinib/nilotinib (VII, VIII). Their inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and P-selectin membrane expression induced by arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6), in vitro, were studied. Molecular docking studies and calculations were also performed. Results The novel analogues V-VIII were well established with the aid of spectroscopic methods. Imatinib and nilotinib inhibited AA-induced platelet aggregation, exhibiting IC50 values of 13.30 μΜ and 3.91 μΜ, respectively. Analogues I and II exhibited an improved inhibitory activity compared with imatinib. Among the nilotinib analogues, V exhibited a 9-fold higher activity than nilotinib. All compounds were less efficient in inhibiting platelet aggregation towards ADP and TRAP-6. Similar results were obtained for the membrane expression of P-selectin. Molecular docking studies showed that the improved antiplatelet activity of nilotinib analogue V is primarily attributed to the number and the strength of hydrogen bonds. Conclusion Our results show that there is considerable potential to develop synthetic analogues of imatinib and nilotinib, as TKIs with antiplatelet properties and therefore being suitable to target cancer progression and metastasis, as well as CAT by inhibiting platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Pantazi
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Ntemou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Alexios Brentas
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Alivertis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skobridis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Zhang X, Qin YY, Chen M, Wu YY, Lin FQ. Combined Use of Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio and Platelet Distribution Width to Distinguish Between Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Those with Benign Tumors of the Nasopharynx, and Healthy Subjects. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10375-10382. [PMID: 31849526 PMCID: PMC6913058 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s226050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose For the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), reliable early indicators with sensitivity and specificity should be sought. This study evaluated the effect of the combined use of mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (MPV/PC ratio) and platelet distribution width (PDW) for differential diagnosis of NPC. In this study, MPV/PC ratio was used for the first time to diagnostically evaluate NPC. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed various hematological indices of three subject groups (208, 185, and 162 patients with NPC, benign tumors of the nasopharynx, and healthy subjects, respectively) and evaluated the value of combined use of MPV/PC ratio and PDW for differential diagnosis of the three groups using the one-way analysis of variance. Results Comparison of laboratory variables between the three groups showed a significant difference in MPV/PC ratio and PDW (P<0.001, all). The MPV/PC ratio in the NPC group was significantly lower than the other two groups (P<0.001); MPV/PC ratio also showed a statistically significant difference in different stages (P=0.034) and serosal invasions (P<0.001) of the NPC group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that areas under the curve (AUC) of either patients with benign tumors of the nasopharynx (AUCMPV/PCratio+PDW: 0.708) or healthy subjects (AUCMPV/PCratio+PDW: 0.909) were larger than those of MPV/PC ratio (AUCMPV/PCratio: 0.665, 0.869, respectively) and PDW (AUCPDW:0.614, 0.716, respectively) use alone (P<0.05, all). Conclusion MPV/PC ratio and PDW may be used as indexes of NPC. MPV/PC ratio combined with PDW could be considered as meaningful laboratory indexes for differential diagnosis of NPC, benign tumors of the nasopharynx, and healthy subjects. This finding could enhance the detection of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Smith JD, Narayanan P, Li N. Biomarkers of platelet dysfunction in non-clinical safety studies and humans. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yin JB, Niu Y, Qian LY, Zhang X, Liu ZP, Wang RT. Mean platelet volume predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:120-127. [PMID: 30959147 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) having pre-existing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a poorer prognosis than those without T2DM. Moreover, accumulating evidence reveals that activated platelets play a crucial role in tumor and T2DM. The mean platelet volume (MPV) indicates platelet activation and is altered in malignancies. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of MPV in patients with HCC having T2DM. METHODS This retrospective study performed between January 2010 and December 2013 included 331 patients with HCC (165 with T2DM and 166 without T2DM). The overall survival was compared, and the predictors of overall survival were analyzed. RESULTS The patients with T2DM had lower MPV levels than those without T2DM. Furthermore, the MPV levels significantly differentiated T2DM from non-T2DM. In addition, for patients with T2DM, the overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with low MPV levels than in those with high MPV levels. Multivariate analysis identified decreased MPV as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival only in patients with T2DM, but not in those without T2DM. CONCLUSION Reduced MPV was a prognostic factor for poor outcome in patients with HCC and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Li-Yan Qian
- Changsheng Township Health Center, Jiayin County, Yichun city, Heilongjiang 153215, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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The Role of Platelets in the Tumor-Microenvironment and the Drug Resistance of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020240. [PMID: 30791448 PMCID: PMC6406993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the critical functions in hemostasis, thrombosis and the wounding process, platelets have been increasingly identified as active players in various processes in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. Once activated, platelets can release bioactive contents such as lipids, microRNAs, and growth factors into the bloodstream, subsequently enhancing the platelet⁻cancer interaction and stimulating cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of treatment failure of chemotherapeutic drugs have been investigated to be associated with platelets. Therefore, understanding how platelets contribute to the tumor microenvironment may potentially identify strategies to suppress cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Herein, we present a review of recent investigations on the role of platelets in the tumor-microenvironment including angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as targeting platelets for cancer treatment, especially in drug resistance.
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Seliger C, Schaertl J, Gerken M, Luber C, Proescholdt M, Riemenschneider MJ, Leitzmann MF, Hau P, Klinkhammer-Schalke M. Use of statins or NSAIDs and survival of patients with high-grade glioma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207858. [PMID: 30507932 PMCID: PMC6277074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade glioma (HGG) is associated with a limited prognosis. Drug repurposing has become of increasing interest to improve standard therapy. Statins and NSAIDs inhibit glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo, but data on statin and NSAID treatment in relation to survival of patients with HGG are sparse. Methods We performed multivariable adjusted Cox-regression analyses among 1,093 patients with HGG from a regional cancer registry to obtain Hazard Ratios (HRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) according to treatment with statins or NSAIDs. Data on dose and duration of treatment was mostly lacking in our analysis, therefore we were not able to perform dose-response analyses. Results Use of statins was unrelated to OS or PFS of glioma patients. Use of aspirin was associated with prolonged OS and PFS in patients with WHO grade III, but not WHO grade IV glioma. Use of other NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen) or non-NSAID analgesics (paracetamol) was mostly unrelated to survival of glioma patients. Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and metamizol was related to inferior patient survival in parts of the analyses. Conclusions Use of statins or NSAIDS, including aspirin, was not associated with prolonged OS or PFS of patients with WHO grade IV glioma in our selected cohort. There was an indication for improved survival in patients with WHO grade III glioma using aspirin, but further studies are needed to confirm our first observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Seliger
- Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Schaertl
- Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Tumor Center, Institute for Quality Assurance and Health Services Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Luber
- Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus J. Riemenschneider
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke
- Tumor Center, Institute for Quality Assurance and Health Services Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Anti-platelet treatments in cancer: Basic and clinical research. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S106-S111. [PMID: 29703466 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades the central role that platelets play in cancer development and progression, and especially in metastasis, has been elucidated. The molecular mechanisms responsible for initiating and mediating tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and secretion have been largely unravelled. Considerable mechanistic insight into how platelets contribute to tumor angiogenesis, immunoevasion and cancer cell invasion have been clarified and, consequently, platelets have been identified as potential new drug targets for cancer therapy. This article gives an overview of the platelet-targeted pharmacologic approaches that have been attempted in the prevention of cancer development, progression and metastasis, including the application of antiplatelet drugs currently used for cardiovascular disease and of new and novel strategies.
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van Elk M, van den Dikkenberg JB, Storm G, Hennink WE, Vermonden T, Heger M. Preclinical evaluation of thermosensitive poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide mono/dilactate)-grafted liposomes for cancer thermochemotherapy. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:190-199. [PMID: 30130606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive liposomes grafted with cholesterol-conjugated poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide mono/dilactate) (chol-pHPMAlac) have been developed for heat-induced release of doxorubicin (DOX). These liposomes release DOX completely during mild hyperthermia, but their interaction with blood cells and cancer cells has not been studied. Following intravenous administration, liposomes may interact with plasma proteins and various types of cells (e.g., endothelial cells, platelets, and macrophages), which would reduce their disposition in the tumor stroma. Interaction between liposomes and platelets may further cause platelet activation and thrombosis, which could lead to vascular occlusion and thromboembolic complications. The aim was to investigate DOX release kinetics in the presence of serum, stability, in vitro uptake by and toxicity to cancer cells and somatic cells, and platelet activating potential of the chol-pHPMAlac liposomes. DOX release was determined spectrofluorometrically. Liposome stability was determined in buffer and serum by dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Association with/uptake by and toxicity of empty liposomes to AML-12, HepG2 (both hepatocyte-derived cancer cells), RAW 264.7 (macrophages), and HUVEC (endothelial) cells was assayed in vitro. Platelet activation was determined by analysis of P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding. DOPE:EPC liposomes (diameter = 135 nm) grafted with 5% chol-pHPMAlac (cloud point (CP) = 16 °C; Mn = 8.5 kDa) released less than 10% DOX at 37 °C in 30 min, whereas complete release took place at 47 °C or higher within 10 min. The size of these liposomes remained stable in buffer and serum during 24 h at 37 °C. Fluorescently labeled but DOX-lacking chol-pHPMAlac-liposomes exhibited poor association with/uptake by all cells under investigation, were not cytotoxic, and did not activate platelets in both buffered solution and whole blood. In conclusion, thermosensitive chol-pHPMAlac-grafted liposomes rapidly release DOX during mild hyperthermia. The liposomes are stable in a physiological milieu, are not taken up by cells that are encountered in an in vivo setting, and are non-antagonistic towards platelets. Chol-pHPMAlac-grafted liposomes are therefore good candidates for DOX delivery to tumors and temperature-triggered release in tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Elk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep B van den Dikkenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Ahmadiankia N. Cancer metastasis versus stem cell homing: Role of platelets. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9167-9178. [PMID: 30105746 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major obstacles in achieving a successful stem cell therapy is insufficient homing of transplanted cells. To overcome this obstacle, understanding the underlying mechanisms of stem cell homing is of obvious importance. Central to this review is the concept that cancer metastasis can be viewed as a role model to build up a comprehensive concept of stem cell homing. In this novel perspective, the prosurvival choices of the cancerous cells in the bloodstream, their arrest, extravasation, and proliferation at the secondary site can be exploited in favor of targeted stem cell homing. To date, tumor cells have been found to employ a wide variety of strategies to promote metastasis. One of these strategies is through their ability to activate platelets and subsequently activated platelets serve cancer cell survival and metastasis. Accordingly, in the first part of this review the roles of platelets in cancer metastasis as well as stem cell homing are discussed. Next, we provide some lessons learned from cancer metastasis in favor of developing strategies for improvement of stem cell homing with emphasis on the role of platelets. Based on direct or indirect evidence from metastasis, strategies such as manipulation of stem cells to enhance interaction with platelets, preconditioning-pretreatment of stem cells with platelets in vitro, and coinjection of both stem cells and platelets are proposed to improve stem cell homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Zhu X, Cao Y, Lu P, Kang Y, Lin Z, Hao T, Song Y. Evaluation of platelet indices as diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11814. [PMID: 30087357 PMCID: PMC6081379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered platelet indices, including platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT), have been found in various cancer types. This study aimed to evaluate the role of platelet indices as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and to assess the association between platelet indices and CRC clinicopathological characteristics. The study included 783 subjects with CRC, 463 subjects with colorectal adenomas (CA), and 689 control subjects from June 2015 to October 2017. All participants' clinicopathological characteristics were collected and analyzed. Here, we found that PC, MPV and PCT levels in CRC patients were significantly higher than those in CA patients and healthy participants (p < 0.001); however, PDW level in CRC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy participants while lower than that in CA patients. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that combined detection of PCT and CEA appears to be a more effective marker to distinguish CRC patients from CA patients, with 70% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Among CRC patients, PC and PCT levels were associated with TNM stages and tumor size; MPV and PCT levels were associated with vascular invasion. Our findings suggest that altered PC, MPV and PCT levels might serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Pingxia Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yanli Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Taisen Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, 91010, USA
| | - Yanfang Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 602 Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Luu S, Gardiner EE, Andrews RK. Bone Marrow Defects and Platelet Function: A Focus on MDS and CLL. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E147. [PMID: 29783667 PMCID: PMC5977120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bloodstream typically contains >500 billion anucleate circulating platelets, derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. This review will focus on two interesting aspects of bone marrow dysfunction and how this impacts on the quality of circulating platelets. In this regard, although megakaryocytes are from the myeloid lineage leading to granulocytes (including neutrophils), erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes/platelets, recent evidence has shown that defects in the lymphoid lineage leading to B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells also result in abnormal circulating platelets. Current evidence is limited regarding whether this latter phenomenon might potentially arise from (a) some form of as-yet-undetected defect common to both lineages; (b) adverse interactions occurring between cells of different lineages within the bone marrow environment; and/or (c) unknown disease-related factor(s) affecting circulating platelet receptor expression/function after their release from megakaryocytes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying how both myeloid and lymphoid lineage bone marrow defects lead to dysfunction of circulating platelets is significant because of the potential diagnostic and predictive value of peripheral platelet analysis for bone marrow disease progression, the additional potential effects of new anti-cancer drugs on platelet function, and the critical role platelets play in regulation of bleeding risk, inflammation, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Luu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Adamska A, Elaskalani O, Emmanouilidi A, Kim M, Abdol Razak NB, Metharom P, Falasca M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 68:77-87. [PMID: 29221990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most chemoresistant cancers, and current therapies targeting cancer-associated molecular pathways have not given satisfactory results, owing in part to rapid upregulation of alternative compensatory pathways. Most of the available treatments are palliative, focussing on improving the quality of life. At present, available options are surgery, embolization, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and use of other more targeted drugs. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular effects of current chemotherapy drugs such as gemcitabine, FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and leucovorin) and ABRAXANE (nab-Paclitaxel), which have shown a survival benefit, although modest, for pancreatic cancer patients. Nevertheless, gemcitabine remains the standard first-line option for advanced-stage pancreatic cancer patients and, as resistance to the drug has attracted an increasing scientific interest, we deliberate on the main intracellular processes and proteins vital in acquired chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Lastly, our review examines various microenvironmental factors capable of instigating PDAC to develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Health Innovation and Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Aikaterini Emmanouilidi
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Health Innovation and Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Health Innovation and Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a frequent issue in cancer patients. Tumor-induced platelet activation and coagulation does not only constitute a significant risk for thrombosis, but also contribute to tumor progression by promoting critical processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as regulators of inflammation. By modulating the immune system, platelets regulate several aspects of cancer-associated pathology. Platelets influence the inflammatory response in cancer by affecting the activation status of the endothelium and by recruiting leukocytes to primary and metastatic tumor sites, as well as to distant organs unaffected by tumor growth. Furthermore, platelets participate in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can promote metastasis, thrombosis, and contribute to organ failure. In this review, we discuss the role of platelets as coordinators of the immune system during malignant disease and the potential of targeting platelets to prevent cancer-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Olsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - J Cedervall
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
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