1
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Ma XD, Ma FY, Jiao MM, Li JT, Duan XF. Modular and Regioselective Synthesis of Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Rings Enabled by Co/Ti Synergism. Org Lett 2024; 26:6658-6663. [PMID: 39083395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The regiocontrol in constructing benzo-fused five-membered rings by C-H cyclization remains an important challenge. We report a highly general and regioselective methodology to access such heterocycles and indenones, where under the catalysis of CoBr2/bipyridine, aryl titanates, alkynes and EX2 (E = NR, S(O), RP(O), R2Si, CO, etc.) were assembled to various heterocycles and indenones in a modular manner. Unprecedented 1,2-Co/Ti heterobimetallic arylene and benzotitanole intermediates have played crucial roles in these syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Miao-Miao Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jun-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Zheng Y, Chen C, Lu Y, Huang S. Recent advances in electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8516-8525. [PMID: 39036971 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Indole motifs are important heterocycles found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and materials. Although there are well-established classical name reactions for indole synthesis, these transformations often require harsh reaction conditions, have a limited substrate scope, and exhibit poor regioselectivity. As a result, organic synthesis chemists have been exploring efficient and practical methods, leading to numerous strategies for synthesizing a variety of functionalized indoles. In recent years, electrochemistry has emerged as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic tool, with widespread applications in organic synthesis. This technology allows for elegant synthetic routes to be developed for the construction of indoles under external oxidant-free conditions. This feature article specifically focuses on recent advancements in indole synthesis from non-indole-based substrates, as well as the mechanisms underlying these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunxi Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanju Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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3
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Grosso C, Alves C, Sase TJ, Alves NG, Cardoso AL, Lemos A, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Selective Synthesis of 3-(1 H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-indoles from 2 H-Azirines and Arynes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29282-29289. [PMID: 39005823 PMCID: PMC11238228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A new selective synthetic approach to indole derivatives bearing a tetrazole moiety has been developed. Arynes, generated in situ from o-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates and KF, reacted smoothly with 2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-azirines to give 3-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-indole derivatives with high selectivity. Deprotection of the tetrazole moiety gave 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Grosso
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Alves
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Terver J. Sase
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Alves
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Cardoso
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Américo Lemos
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- FCT,
University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
- University
of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry
Center−Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department
of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Bandehali-Naeini F, Tanbakouchian Z, Farajinia-Lehi N, Mayer N, Shiri M, Breugst M. Two distinct protocols for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,4-disubstituted maleimides based on transition-metal catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:380-387. [PMID: 38086692 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two tandem catalytic systems are described for the synthesis of novel 3,4-disubstituted maleimides using the same Ugi adducts as starting materials. 4-Aryl-3-pyrrolyl- and 4-aryl-3-indolyl-maleimides were successfully obtained via a Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 based protocol. In contrast, maleimide-fused pyrrolo and indolo[1,2-a]quinolines were obtained in a complementary methodology using CuI/L-proline. These strategies involved a combination of benzylic amine oxidation, trans-amidation, intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation, and N-arylation reactions. Computational investigations provide further insights into this reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bandehali-Naeini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Zahra Tanbakouchian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Noushin Farajinia-Lehi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Nicolas Mayer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Morteza Shiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Martin Breugst
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
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5
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Ledermann N, Moubsit AE, Müller TJJ. Consecutive four-component synthesis of trisubstituted 3-iodoindoles by an alkynylation-cyclization-iodination-alkylation sequence. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1379-1385. [PMID: 37736394 PMCID: PMC10509542 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of 19 differently substituted 3-iodoindoles is generated by a consecutive four-component reaction starting from ortho-haloanilines, terminal alkynes, N-iodosuccinimide, and alkyl halides in yields of 11-69%. Initiated by a copper-free alkynylation, followed by a base-catalyzed cyclizive indole formation, electrophilic iodination, and finally electrophilic trapping of the intermediary indole anion with alkyl halides provides a concise one-pot synthesis of 3-iodoindoles. The latter are valuable substrates for Suzuki arylations, which are exemplified with the syntheses of four derivatives, some of them are blue emitters in solution and in the solid state, in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ledermann
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alae-Eddine Moubsit
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Zhu DX, Xu MH. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Indoles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36724384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly regiospecific vinylogous carbene insertion protocol for direct asymmetric C-H functionalization of indoles with arylvinyldiazoacetates has been developed. Under the catalysis of simple Rh(I)/chiral diene complexes, the reaction occurs solely at the vinylogous position of the vinylcarbenoid with exceptional E selectivity and enantiocontrol. It provides an efficient way to obtain an interesting class of chiral indole scaffolds bearing an α,β-unsaturated ester unit and a gem-diaryl carbon stereocenter in good yields (≤99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (≤96%) at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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7
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Mathada BS, Yernale NG. Current Advances in Transition Metal-Free Access to Indoles. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2151810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Metal, iodine and oxidant-free electrosynthesis of substituted indoles from 1-(2-aminophenyl)alcohols. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Bera T, Singh B, Gandon V, Saha J. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of an Azaoxyallyl Cation‐Templated Intramolecular Aryl Amination Leading to Oxindole Derivatives. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201208. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tishyasoumya Bera
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bandana Singh
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay cedex France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau cedex France
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 Uttar Pradesh India
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10
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Jei BB, Yang L, Ackermann L. Selective Labeling of Peptides with o-Carboranes via Manganese(I)-Catalyzed C-H Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200811. [PMID: 35420234 PMCID: PMC9320968 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A robust method for the selective labeling of peptides via manganese(I) catalysis was devised to achieve the C-2 alkenylation of tryptophan containing peptides with 1-ethynyl-o-carboranes. The manganese-catalyzed C-H activation was accomplished with high catalytic efficiency, and featured low toxicity, high functional group tolerance and excellent E-stereoselectivity. This approach unravels a promising tool for the assembly of o-carborane with structurally complex peptides of relevance to applications in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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11
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Zhu W, Zhang Q, Bao X, Lin Y, Xu G, Zhou H. Nucleophilic functionalizations of indole derivatives using the aromatic Pummerer reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3955-3959. [PMID: 35471233 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of the electron-rich property of indoles, direct functionalization strategies towards indoles generally involve electrophilic substitutions. In this paper, an efficient protocol for nucleophilic hydroxylation, halogenation and esterification of indoles via the aromatic Pummerer process was developed. With the advantages of readily accessible starting materials, simple operation and mild conditions, this protocol should be of interest to synthetic scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China. .,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qianyun Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xingping Bao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanfei Lin
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, China
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12
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Foley DJ, Waldmann H. Ketones as strategic building blocks for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4094-4120. [PMID: 35506561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural product-inspired compound collections serve as excellent sources for the identification of new bioactive compounds to treat disease. However, such compounds must necessarily be more structurally-enriched than traditional screening compounds, therefore inventive synthetic strategies and reliable methods are needed to prepare them. Amongst the various possible starting materials that could be considered for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds, ketones can be especially valuable due to the vast variety of complexity-building synthetic transformations that they can take part in, their high prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis. With a view towards developing a unified synthetic strategy for the preparation of next generation bioactive compound collections, this review considers whether ketones could serve as general precursors in this regard, and summarises the opulence of synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Sahu S, Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Maji MS. Synthesis of functionalized indoles via cascade benzannulation strategies: a decade's overview. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3029-3042. [PMID: 35332905 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most prominent aromatic heterocycles in the organic chemistry field. Due to their widespread presence in various natural products, alkaloids, drugs, approved medicines, etc. the synthesis and functionalization of indoles are of great interest. This review emphasizes recent developments and techniques in the domino cascade cyclization process in the last decade starting from the various building blocks. In particular, this review depicts several intriguing benzannulation methods of creating a benzene ring on a pre-existing pyrrole nucleus in an inter/intramolecular fashion under metal-catalyzed/metal-free approaches. Different subsections focus on gradual timely developments in this complementary area and a detailed analysis of the mechanisms and reactivity patterns. As a complementary method, this review gives a significant incentive to various annulation strategies and also gives an overview of the remaining challenges and upcoming possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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14
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Manabe K, Yamaguchi M. Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzofurans/Indoles Using Multichlorinated Phenols/Anilines via Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Sonogashira Coupling. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-21-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Leifert D, Weidlich F, Adler F, Daniliuc CG, Alasmary FA, Studer A. 2,3-Difunctionalized Indoles via Radical Acylation or Trifluoromethylation of ortho-Alkynylphenyl Isonitriles. Org Lett 2021; 24:284-288. [PMID: 34898229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A radical cascade to 2,3-disubstituted indoles proceeding via acylation or trifluoromethylation of ortho-alkynylphenyl isonitriles is presented. In these cascades, two C-C bonds and one C-O bond are formed using an inexpensive oxidant and a catalytic copper or iron salt. The starting isonitriles are easily accessible, and commercially available aldehydes and fluoromethylation reagents serve as reaction partners. Functional group tolerance is high, as documented by the successful preparation of a series of 2,3-disubstituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Weidlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florin Adler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fatmah A Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Ghorai J, Ramachandran K, Anbarasan P. Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulation of N-Acetoxyacetanilide with Substituted Alkynes: Conversion of Nitroarenes to Substituted Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14812-14825. [PMID: 34623800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient rhodium-catalyzed redox-neutral annulation of N-acetoxyacetanilides, readily accessible from nitroarenes, with alkynes has been accomplished for the synthesis of substituted indole derivatives. A wide range of substituted 2,3-diarylindoles were achieved from various substituted N-acetoxyacetanilides and symmetrical/unsymmetrical alkynes in good to excellent yields. The developed method was successfully integrated with the synthesis of N-acetoxyacetanilides for the efficient one-pot synthesis of indoles from nitroarenes. The important features are the introduction of N-acetoxyacetamide as a new directing group, redox-neutral annulation, an additive-free approach, wide functional group tolerance, an intramolecular version, and a one-pot reaction of nitroarenes. The method was further extended to the synthesis of potent higher analogues of indole, viz., pyrrolo[3,2-f]indoles and dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles. In addition, a plausible mechanism was proposed based on the isolation and stoichiometric study of a potential aryl-Rh intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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17
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Mathada BS, Yernale NG, Basha JN, Badiger J. An insight into the advanced synthetic recipes to access ubiquitous indole heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Dentoni Litta A, Buonerba A, Casu A, Falqui A, Capacchione C, Franconetti A, Garcia H, Grassi A. Highly efficient hydroamination of phenylacetylenes with anilines catalysed by gold nanoparticles embedded in nanoporous polymer matrix: Insight into the reaction mechanism by kinetic and DFT investigations. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Siciliano S, Cini E, Taddei M, Vinciarelli G. Synthesis of 2-Substitued Indoles via Pd-Catalysed Cyclization in an Aqueous Micellar Medium. Molecules 2021; 26:3917. [PMID: 34206877 PMCID: PMC8271580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-substituted indoles starting from the corresponding unprotected 2-alkynylanilines was made possible in 3% TPGS-750-M water using Pd(OAc)2 alone as the catalyst. The reaction was sensitive to the heating mode respect to the nature of the starting material as, in many cases, convectional heating was better than microwave dielectric heating. The MW (microwave) delivery mode had also an influence in the formation of by-products and, consequently, product yields. A tandem Sonogashira-cyclisation reaction was also accomplished using Pd(OAc)2/Xphos in the nanomicellar water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.S.); (E.C.); (G.V.)
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20
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Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Smopex-234® as Valuable Catalysts for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported catalysts are important tools for developing green-economy-based processes. Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) that are immobilized on two fibers developed as metal scavengers (i.e., Smopex®-234 and Smopex®-111, 1% w/w) have been prepared and tested in copper-free cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira reactions. Their catalytic activity has been compared with that of a homogeneous catalyst (i.e., PdCl2(PPh3)2). Pd/Smopex®-234 showed high activity and selectivity in the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles, such as phthalans and isochromans, even when working with a very low amount of palladium (0.2–0.5 mol%). The extension of Pd/Smopex®-234 promoted cyclocarbonylative reactions to propargyl and homopropargyl amides afforded the corresponding isoindoline and dihydrobenzazepine derivatives. A preliminary test on Pd NPs leaching into the solution (1.7 × 10−3 mg) seems to indicate that, at the end of the reaction, almost all of the active metal is present on the fiber surface.
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21
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Zhu M, Messaoudi S. Diastereoselective Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Anomeric Carboxylic Acids Using Cu/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay, Malabry, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay, Malabry, France
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22
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Rossi FV, Gentili D, Marcantoni E. Metal-Promoted Heterocyclization: A Heterosynthetic Approach to Face a Pandemic Crisis. Molecules 2021; 26:2620. [PMID: 33947170 PMCID: PMC8124705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has drastically changed our everyday life and the life of scientists from all over the world. In the last year, the scientific community has faced this worldwide threat using any tool available in order to find an effective response. The recent formulation, production, and ongoing administration of vaccines represent a starting point in the battle against SARS-CoV-2, but they cannot be the only aid available. In this regard, the use of drugs capable to mitigate and fight the virus is a crucial aspect of the pharmacological strategy. Among the plethora of approved drugs, a consistent element is a heterocyclic framework inside its skeleton. Heterocycles have played a pivotal role for decades in the pharmaceutical industry due to their high bioactivity derived from anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. In this context, the development of new performing and sustainable synthetic strategies to obtain heterocyclic molecules has become a key focus of scientists. In this review, we present the recent trends in metal-promoted heterocyclization, and we focus our attention on the construction of heterocycles associated with the skeleton of drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vittorio Rossi
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.G.); (E.M.)
- Laboratori Alchemia Srl, Via San Faustino, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Gentili
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.G.); (E.M.)
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23
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Ghosh B, Balhara R, Jindal G, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Fischer Indolization through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9086-9092. [PMID: 33555647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective Fischer indolization of prochiral diketones containing enantiotopic carbonyl groups is developed and shown to proceed through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). Catalyzed by the combination of a spirocyclic chiral phosphoric acid and ZnCl2 (Lewis acid assisted Brønsted acid), this direct approach combines 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentane-1,3-diones with N-protected phenylhydrazines to furnish cyclopenta[b]indole derivatives containing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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24
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Ghosh B, Balhara R, Jindal G, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Fischer Indolization through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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25
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Ge J, Yin P, Chen Y, Cheng H, Liu J, Chen B, Tan C, Yin PF, Zheng HX, Li QQ, Chen S, Xu W, Wang X, Wu G, Sun R, Shan XH, Hong X, Zhang H. Ultrathin Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase Rh and Rh Alloy Nanosheets as Tandem Catalysts for Direct Indole Synthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006711. [PMID: 33491810 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous noble-metal-based catalysis plays an essential role in the production of fine chemicals. Rh-based catalysts are one of the most active candidates for indole synthesis. However, it is still highly desired to develop heterogeneous Rh-based catalysts with high activity and selectivity. In this work, a general, facile wet-chemical method is reported to synthesize ultrathin amorphous/crystalline heterophase Rh and Rh-based bimetallic alloy nanosheets (NSs), including RhCu, RhZn, and RhRu. Impressively, the amorphous/crystalline heterophase Rh NSs exhibit enhanced catalytic activity toward the direct synthesis of indole compared to the crystalline counterpart. Importantly, the obtained amorphous/crystalline heterophase RhCu alloy NSs can further enhance the selectivity to indole of >99.9% and the conversion is 100%. This work demonstrates the importance of phase engineering and metal alloying in the rational design and synthesis of tandem heterogeneous catalysts toward fine chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ge
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Peiqun Yin
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongfei Cheng
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Geng Wu
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Huan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xun Hong
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Tayu M, Watanabe R, Isogi S, Saito N. A Catalytic Construction of Indoles via Formation of Ruthenium Vinylidene Species from
N
‐Arylynamides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tayu
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Ryuta Watanabe
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Satoshi Isogi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Nozomi Saito
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
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27
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Hughes-Whiffing CA, Perry A. One-pot, three-component Fischer indolisation- N-alkylation for rapid synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:627-634. [PMID: 33367375 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-component protocol for the synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles has been developed, based upon a Fischer indolisation-indole N-alkylation sequence. This procedure is very rapid (total reaction time under 30 minutes), operationally straightforward, generally high yielding and draws upon readily available building blocks (aryl hydrazines, ketones, alkyl halides) to generate densely substituted indole products. We have demonstrated the utility of this process in the synthesis of 23 indoles, benzoindoles and tetrahydrocarbazoles bearing varied and useful functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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28
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Zhou S, Liu Q, Bao M, Huang J, Wang J, Hu W, Xu X. Gold(i)-catalyzed redox transformation of o-nitroalkynes with indoles for the synthesis of 2,3′-biindole derivatives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A gold(i)-catalyzed cascade reaction of o-nitroalkynes with indoles has been reported for the rapid assembly of 2-indolyl indolone N-oxides, which exhibit high anticancer potency against SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Ming Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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29
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Dong J, Yan F, Li S, Li Z, Qin Y. Multigram Scale Synthesis and Anti-Influenza Activity of 3-Indoleacetonitrile Glucosides. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetonitrile-6- O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1 is a simple alkaloid with anti-influenza A virus activity extracted from Radix isatidis. Herein, a concise and practical total synthetic route of 1 was presented, starting from 6-benzyloxyindole on a multigram scale. The pivotal reaction sequence involved the Mannich reaction, the fluoride ion-induced elimination-addition reaction, and phase-transfer-catalyzed glycosylation reaction as key steps. In addition, compounds 1 and two modified derivatives 8 and 16 were tested for anti-influenza efficacy and cytotoxicity in vitro performed on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The results revealed that the compounds exerted antiviral activity against the influenza A virus to a certain extent and displayed no cytotoxicity. These findings could contribute to the development of traditional Chinese medicine R. isatidis for treating the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Zewen Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Qin
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
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30
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Kinoshita J, Baralle A, Yoshida A, Yanagi T, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H. A Route to Indoles via Modified Fischer Indole Intermediates from Sulfonanilides and Ketene Dithioacetal Monoxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Alexandre Baralle
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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31
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Dessie Y, Tadesse S, Eswaramoorthy R. Physicochemical parameter influences and their optimization on the biosynthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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32
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Garkhedkar AM, Gore BS, Hu WP, Wang JJ. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Atom-Economic Synthesis of C2-Substituted Indoles from o-Amido Alkynols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3531-3536. [PMID: 32275448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have disclosed a Zn(OTf)2 catalyzed synthesis of C2-alkyl substituted indole derivatives via unprecedented carbonyl group migration from o-amido alkynols. The key features of this protocol involve N,O-carbonyl group migration, broad substrate scope with varied functionality tolerance, moderate to good yields, and 100% atom economy. The crossover experiments proved that the migration is happening via an intramolecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Milind Garkhedkar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Babasaheb Sopan Gore
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100 Tzyou First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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33
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Gannarapu MR, Zhou J, Jiang B, Shibata N. Two Catalytic Annulation Modes via Cu-Allenylidenes with Sulfur Ylides that Are Dominated by the Presence or Absence of Trifluoromethyl Substituents. iScience 2020; 23:100994. [PMID: 32259670 PMCID: PMC7132161 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We disclose the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 3-methyl-3-propargyl-indolines, which contain a quaternary stereogenic carbon center, via the decarboxylative [4 + 1] annulation of 4-methyl-4-propargyl-benzoxazinanones with variety of sulfur ylides. The reaction proceeds predominantly through a γ-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates by sulfur ylides to provide the corresponding indolines in good yield and high enantioselectivity (up to 91% ee). In contrast, the reaction of 4-trifluoromethyl-4-propargyl-benzoxazinanones with sulfur ylides delivers 3-trifluoromethyl-2-functionalized indoles in good to high yield via an unexpected α-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates. Control over the α/γ-attack at the Cu-allenylidene intermediates by the same interceptors was achieved for the first time by the use of trifluoromethyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malla Reddy Gannarapu
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Zhou
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Departments of Nanopharmaceutical Science & Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China.
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34
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Xu C, Xie W, Xu J. Metal-free and regiospecific synthesis of 3-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2661-2671. [PMID: 32196059 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, metal-free, and organic acid-base promoted synthetic method to prepare 3-arylindoles from 3-aryloxirane-2-carbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides has been developed. In the reaction, the organic acid catalyzes a tandem nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of aryloxiranecarbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and Fischer indolization. The organic base triethylamine plays a crucial role in the final elimination step in the Fischer indole synthesis, affording 3-arylindoles regiospecifically. The reaction features advantages of microwave acceleration, non-metal participation, short reaction time, organic acid-base co-catalysis, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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35
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Cerveri A, Bandini M. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Functionalization of “Electrophilic” Indoles. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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36
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Sathishkumar PN, Prabha PS, Bhuvanesh NS, Karvembu R. Tuning acylthiourea ligands in Ru(II) catalysts for altering the reactivity and chemoselectivity of transfer hydrogenation reactions, and synthesis of 3-isopropoxy-1H-indole through a new synthetic approach. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Zhao G, Zhu M, Provot O, Alami M, Messaoudi S. Synthesis of 2,3-Substituted β-N-Glycosyl Indoles through C–H Activation/Annulation Process under Rh(III)-Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 22:57-61. [PMID: 31860311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangkuan Zhao
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Mingxiang Zhu
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Olivier Provot
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
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38
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Wang Y, Furukawa S, Fu X, Yan N. Organonitrogen Chemicals from Oxygen-Containing Feedstock over Heterogeneous Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysis and Battery, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Xinpu Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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39
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Chesnokov GA, Ageshina AA, Topchiy MA, Nechaev MS, Asachenko AF. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Indoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gleb A. Chesnokov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy prospect 29 Russia
- Department of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy Gory 1 (3) Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Ageshina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy prospect 29 Russia
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy prospect 29 Russia
- Department of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy Gory 1 (3) Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Nechaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy prospect 29 Russia
- Department of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy Gory 1 (3) Russia
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy prospect 29 Russia
- Department of Chemistry; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskiy Gory 1 (3) Russia
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40
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Yang P, Xu W, Wang R, Zhang M, Xie C, Zeng X, Wang M. Potassium tert-Butoxide-Mediated Condensation Cascade Reaction: Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Multisubstituted Aryl Indoles and Benzofurans. Org Lett 2019; 21:3658-3662. [PMID: 31025566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile method to synthesize valuable disubstituted 2-aryl indoles and benzofurans in good yields has been demonstrated, based on a tert-butoxide-mediated condensation reaction involving a vinyl sulfoxide intermediate. Products are obtained from N- or O-benzyl benzaldehydes using dimethyl sulfoxide as a carbon source. The methodology features a wide functional group tolerance and transition metal-free environment. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves a tandem aldol reaction/Michael addition/dehydrosulfenylation/isomerization sequence through an ionic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
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41
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Clarke AK, Ho HE, Rossi‐Ashton JA, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Indole Synthesis Using Silver Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1900-1911. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hon E. Ho
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
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42
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Ji Y, He X, Peng C, Huang W. Recent advances in the synthesis of C2-spiropseudoindoxyls. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2850-2864. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development of novel approaches to construct structurally unique oxindoles featuring a spirocycle at the C2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- People's Republic of China
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