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Abu-Baih RH, Abu-Baih DH, Abdel-Hafez SMN, Fathy M. Activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Beclin-1/AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathways by eprosartan ameliorates testicular dysfunction induced by testicular torsion in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12566. [PMID: 38822026 PMCID: PMC11143266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion carries the ominous prospect of inducing acute scrotal distress and the perilous consequence of testicular atrophy, necessitating immediate surgical intervention to reinstate vital testicular perfusion, notwithstanding the paradoxical detrimental impact of reperfusion. Although no drugs have secured approval for this urgent circumstance, antioxidants emerge as promising candidates. This study aspires to illustrate the influence of eprosartan, an AT1R antagonist, on testicular torsion in rats. Wistar albino rats were meticulously separated into five groups, (n = 6): sham group, eprosartan group, testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, and two groups of T/D treated with two oral doses of eprosartan (30 or 60 mg/kg). Serum testosterone, sperm analysis and histopathological examination were done to evaluate spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress markers were assessed. Bax, BCL-2, SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1 besides cleaved caspase-3 testicular contents were estimated using ELISA or qRT-PCR. As autophagy markers, SQSTM-1/p62, Beclin-1, mTOR and AMPK were investigated. Our findings highlight that eprosartan effectively improved serum testosterone levels, testicular weight, and sperm count/motility/viability, while mitigating histological irregularities and sperm abnormalities induced by T/D. This recovery in testicular function was underpinned by the activation of the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, which curtailed testicular oxidative stress, indicated by lowering the MDA content and increasing GSH content. In terms of apoptosis, eprosartan effectively countered apoptotic processes by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 content, suppressing Bax and stimulating Bcl-2 gene expression. Simultaneously, it reactivated impaired autophagy by increasing Beclin-1 expression, decreasing the expression of SQSTM-1/p62 and modulate the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR proteins. Eprosartan hold promise for managing testicular dysfunction arising from testicular torsion exerting antioxidant, pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effect via the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 as well as Beclin-1/AMPK/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania H Abu-Baih
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Information Center, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Dalia H Abu-Baih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, 61111, Egypt
- Deraya Center for Scientific Research, Deraya University, Minia, 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
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2
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Lu W, Chen M, Zhou Y, Ramírez MDA, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Han Y, Weng Q. EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling and mitochondrial dynamics in seasonal ovarian steroidogenesis of the muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106558. [PMID: 38815727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic systems of mitochondria, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, are essential for ovarian endocrine and follicular development. Meanwhile, ERK1/2 signaling is an important mechanism mediating altered mitochondrial dynamics and steroidogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in ovarian steroidogenesis concerning EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling and mitochondrial dynamics of the muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). The results showed that follicular development in the muskrats remained in the tertiary follicular stage during the non-breeding season, accompanied by a significant decrease in serum and ovarian concentrations of 17β-estradiol and progesterone from the breeding season to the non-breeding season. EGF, EGFR, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and mitochondrial dynamics regulators were mainly localized in granulosa cells and theca cells of muskrats during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The mRNA levels of Egfr, Erk1/2, Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, and steroidogenic enzymes in the ovaries were remarkably higher during the breeding season. The 17β-estradiol concentrations in the serum and ovaries as well as the relative levels of Mfn1/2, Opa1, and Drp1 were positively associated with each other. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the ovaries revealed that differentially expressed genes might be linked to steroid biosynthesis, estrogen signaling pathway, and mitochondrial membrane-related pathways. In conclusion, these results suggest that the up-regulation of mitochondrial dynamics regulators during the breeding season is closely associated with enhanced ovarian steroidogenesis in the muskrats, which may be regulated by upstream EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - Yuning Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Wang TT, Zhu HL, Ouyang KW, Wang H, Luo YX, Zheng XM, Ling Q, Wang KW, Zhang J, Chang W, Lu Q, Zhang YF, Yuan Z, Li H, Xiong YW, Wei T, Wang H. Environmental cadmium inhibits testicular testosterone synthesis via Parkin-dependent MFN1 degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134142. [PMID: 38555669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Low testosterone (T) levels are associated with many common diseases, such as obesity, male infertility, depression, and cardiovascular disease. It is well known that environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure can induce T decline, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. We established a murine model in which Cd exposure induced testicular T decline. Based on the model, we found Cd caused mitochondrial fusion disorder and Parkin mitochondrial translocation in mouse testes. MFN1 overexpression confirmed that MFN1-dependent mitochondrial fusion disorder mediated the Cd-induced T synthesis suppression in Leydig cells. Further data confirmed Cd induced the decrease of MFN1 protein by increasing ubiquitin degradation. Testicular specific Parkin knockdown confirmed Cd induced the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MFN1 protein through promoting Parkin mitochondrial translocation in mouse testes. Expectedly, testicular specific Parkin knockdown also mitigated testicular T decline. Mito-TEMPO, a targeted inhibitor for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), alleviated Cd-caused Parkin mitochondrial translocation and mitochondrial fusion disorder. As above, Parkin mitochondrial translocation induced mitochondrial fusion disorder and the following T synthesis repression in Cd-exposed Leydig cells. Collectively, our study elucidates a novel mechanism through which Cd induces T decline and provides a new treatment strategy for patients with androgen disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kong-Wen Ouyang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Ye-Xin Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xin-Mei Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Qing Ling
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Kai-Wen Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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4
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Vulf M, Khaziakhmatova O, Litvinova L. Prohibitions in the meta-inflammatory response: a review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1322687. [PMID: 38813101 PMCID: PMC11133639 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1322687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prohibitins are the central regulatory element of cellular homeostasis, especially by modulating the response at different levels: Nucleus, mitochondria and membranes. Their localization and interaction with various proteins, homons, transcription and nuclear factors, and mtDNA indicate the globality and complexity of their pleiotropic properties, which remain to be investigated. A more detailed deciphering of cellular metabolism in relation to prohibitins under normal conditions and in various metabolic diseases will allow us to understand the precise role of prohibitins in the signaling cascades of PI3K/Akt, Raf/MAP/ERK, STAT3, p53, and others and to fathom their mutual influence. A valuable research perspective is to investigate the role of prohibitins in the molecular and cellular interactions between the two major players in the pathogenesis of obesity-adipocytes and macrophages - that form the basis of the meta-inflammatory response. Investigating the subtle intercellular communication and molecular cascades triggered in these cells will allow us to propose new therapeutic strategies to eliminate persistent inflammation, taking into account novel molecular genetic approaches to activate/inactivate prohibitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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5
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Mahendradatta M, Assa E, Langkong J, Tawali AB, Nadhifa DG. Development of Analog Rice Made from Cassava and Banana with the Addition of Katuk Leaf ( Sauropus androgynous L. Merr.) and Soy Lecithin for Lactating Women. Foods 2024; 13:1438. [PMID: 38790738 PMCID: PMC11119150 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of analog rice, apart from being an effort to diversify food, also has the potential to be developed as a functional food to fulfill the nutrients needed by a community. Katuk leaf is known for its ability to accelerate the breast milk production of lactating women, which is inseparable from sterol in terms of bioactive content. This study aimed to determine the best formulation of analog rice made from cassava flour, banana flour, Katuk leaf powder, and soy lecithin that was sensorily acceptable, in a shape resembling rice, and able to fulfill the nutritional needs of lactating women. Analog rice was produced using an extruder machine before the physical and sensory properties analyses were carried out, followed by the chemical properties analysis. Formulation C (80% cassava flour, 20% banana flour, 3% Katuk leaf powder, and 0.5% soy lecithin) was obtained as the best or most preferred formulation based on sensory analysis. The resulting grain was oval-round in shape and had a green-brownish color, fluffy texture, and distinct aroma and taste derived from the raw material used. Therefore, this research is expected to support the development of analog rice for providing the main staple food to fulfill lactating women's nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Mahendradatta
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (E.A.); (J.L.); (A.B.T.); (D.G.N.)
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6
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Tan DX. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a weakest link of network of aging, relation to innate intramitochondrial immunity of DNA recognition receptors. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101886. [PMID: 38663836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Aging probably is the most complexed process in biology. It is manifested by a variety of hallmarks. These hallmarks weave a network of aging; however, each hallmark is not uniformly strong for the network. It is the weakest link determining the strengthening of the network of aging, or the maximum lifespan of an organism. Therefore, only improvement of the weakest link has the chance to increase the maximum lifespan but not others. We hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction is the weakest link of the network of aging. It may origin from the innate intramitochondrial immunity related to the activities of pathogen DNA recognition receptors. These receptors recognize mtDNA as the PAMP or DAMP to initiate the immune or inflammatory reactions. Evidence has shown that several of these receptors including TLR9, cGAS and IFI16 can be translocated into mitochondria. The potentially intramitochondrial presented pathogen DNA recognition receptors have the capacity to attack the exposed second structures of the mtDNA during its transcriptional or especially the replicational processes, leading to the mtDNA mutation, deletion, heteroplasmy colonization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations of other hallmarks, as well as aging. Pre-consumption of the intramitochondrial presented pathogen DNA recognition receptors by medical interventions including development of mitochondrial targeted small molecule which can neutralize these receptors may retard or even reverse the aging to significantly improve the maximum lifespan of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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7
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Jeong KJ, Mukae M, Lee SR, Kim SY, Kim SH, Cho YE, An BS, Ko JW, Kwun HJ, Baek IJ, Hong EJ. Progesterone increases hepatic lipid content and plasma lipid levels through PR- B-mediated lipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116281. [PMID: 38364736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a crucial reproductive hormone that acts as a precursor for all other endogenous steroids. P4 modulates transcriptional activity during reproduction by binding to progesterone receptors (PR). However, the physiological role of P4 in the liver is understudied. P4-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver was investigated in this study, as P4 facilitates insulin resistance and influences energy metabolism. While exogenous lipids are mainly obtained from food, the liver synthesizes endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from a carbohydrate diet. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is primarily determined by acetyl-CoA and its biosynthetic pathways, which involve fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. While P4 increased the hepatic levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 C (SREBP-1 C), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and CD36, co-treatment with the P4 receptor antagonist RU486 blocked these proteins and P4-mediated lipogenesis. RNA sequencing was used to assess the role of P4 in lipogenic events, such as fatty liver and fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism. P4 induced hepatic DNL and lipid anabolism were confirmed in the liver of ovarian resection mice fed a high-fat diet or in pregnant mice. P4 increased lipogenesis directly in mice exposed to P4 and indirectly in fetuses exposed to maternal P4. The lipid balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis determines fat build-up and is linked to lipid metabolism dysfunction, which involves the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids. Therefore, P4 may impact the lipid metabolism and reproductive development during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ju Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moeka Mukae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Lu P, Simas TAM, Delpapa E, ZhuGe R. Bitter taste receptors in the reproductive system: Function and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31179. [PMID: 38219077 PMCID: PMC10922893 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs), traditionally known for their role in bitter taste perception, are present in diverse reproductive tissues of both sexes. This review explores our current understanding of TAS2R functions with a particular focus on reproductive health. In males, TAS2Rs are believed to play potential roles in processes such as sperm chemotaxis and male fertility. Genetic insights from mouse models and human polymorphism studies provide some evidence for their contribution to male infertility. In female reproduction, it is speculated that TAS2Rs influence the ovarian milieu, shaping the functions of granulosa and cumulus cells and their interactions with oocytes. In the uterus, TAS2Rs contribute to uterine relaxation and hold potential as therapeutic targets for preventing preterm birth. In the placenta, they are proposed to function as vigilant sentinels, responding to infection and potentially modulating mechanisms of fetal protection. In the cervix and vagina, their analogous functions to those in other extraoral tissues suggest a potential role in infection defense. In addition, TAS2Rs exhibit altered expression patterns that profoundly affect cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis in reproductive cancers. Notably, TAS2R agonists show promise in inducing apoptosis and overcoming chemoresistance in these malignancies. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including a lack of genetic and functional studies. The application of techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 gene editing could provide deeper insights into TAS2Rs in reproduction, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological System, UMass Chan Medical School, 363 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMass Chan Medical School/UMass Memorial Health, Memorial Campus 119 Belmont St., Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Delpapa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMass Chan Medical School/UMass Memorial Health, Memorial Campus 119 Belmont St., Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological System, UMass Chan Medical School, 363 Plantation St., Worcester, MA, USA
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Vega-Vásquez T, Langgartner D, Wang JY, Reber SO, Picard M, Basualto-Alarcón C. Mitochondrial morphology in the mouse adrenal cortex: Influence of chronic psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 160:106683. [PMID: 38086320 PMCID: PMC10872515 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria within the adrenal cortex play a key role in synthesizing steroid hormones. The adrenal cortex is organized in three functionally specialized zones (glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis) that produce different classes of steroid hormones in response to various stimuli, including psychosocial stress. Given that the functions and morphology of mitochondria are dynamically related and respond to stress, we applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine potential differences in mitochondrial morphology under basal and chronic psychosocial stress conditions. We used the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, a murine model of chronic psychosocial stress. Our findings quantitatively define how mitochondrial morphology differs among each of the three adrenal cortex zones under basal conditions, and show that chronic psychosocial stress mainly affected mitochondria in the zona glomerulosa, shifting their morphology towards the more typical glucocorticoid-producing zona fasciculata mitochondrial phenotype. Analysis of adrenocortical lipid droplets that provide cholesterol for steroidogenesis showed that chronic psychosocial stress altered lipid droplet diameter, without affecting droplet number or inter-organellar mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that each adrenal cortex layer is characterized by morphologically distinct mitochondria and that this adrenal zone-specific mitochondrial morphology is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including chronic psychosocial stressors. Further research is needed to define the role of these stress-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology, particularly in the zona glomerulosa, on stress resilience and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vega-Vásquez
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Health Sciences Department, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jennifer Y Wang
- School of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Health Sciences Department, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Matsuyama S, DeFalco T. Steroid hormone signaling: multifaceted support of testicular function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1339385. [PMID: 38250327 PMCID: PMC10796553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1339385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development and adult physiology are dependent on the action of steroid hormones. In particular, the reproductive system is reliant on hormonal signaling to promote gonadal function and to ensure fertility. Here we will describe hormone receptor functions and their impacts on testicular function, focusing on a specific group of essential hormones: androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. In addition to focusing on hormone receptor function and localization within the testis, we will highlight the effects of altered receptor signaling, including the consequences of reduced and excess signaling activity. These hormones act through various cellular pathways and receptor types, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted research approach to understand their critical roles in testicular function. Hormones exhibit intricate interactions with each other, as evidenced, for example, by the antagonistic effects of progesterone on mineralocorticoid receptors and cortisol's impact on androgens. In light of research findings in the field demonstrating an intricate interplay between hormones, a systems biology approach is crucial for a nuanced understanding of this complex hormonal network. This review can serve as a resource for further investigation into hormonal support of male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsuyama
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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11
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Guo X, Wen J, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xu N, Shao Y, Chang X. Orexin-A/OX1R is involved in regulation of autophagy to promote cortisol secretion in adrenocortical cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166844. [PMID: 37572990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercortisolism has emerged as a prominent clinical condition worldwide caused by biochemical cortisol excess in patients, and optimization treatment is needed urgently in the clinic. Previously, we observed that orexin-A/orexin type 1 receptor (OX1R) promoted cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and increased cortisol release in adrenocortical cells. However, the functions of orexin-A/OX1R on autophagy and its molecular mechanism are not known. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscope were performed to detect autophagosomes. Western blot were performed to detect autophagy proteins. The cortisol concentration was assessed with an ELISA. FINDINGS Our data demonstrated that orexin-A/OX1R activated the mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 pathway, thereby inhibiting autophagy in H295R cells and Y-1 cells. Furthermore, the orexin-A/OX1R-mediated suppression of autophagy played a crucial role in cortisol secretion. Mechanistically, the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cortisol synthesis, was increased with autophagy inhibition mediated by orexin-A/OX1R. INTERPRETATION This study provided the evidence that orexin-A/OX1R participated in modulating mTOR/p70S6K1/autophagy signaling pathway to promote cortisol secretion in adrenocortical cell. The findings suggest the mechanistic basis for disorders of cortisol secretion, providing the potential therapeutic targets for hypercortisolism treatment. FUND: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170603, 31871286), the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Liaoning Province (20180540008, 2019-BS-298), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2019-ZD-0779), and Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Fund Projects (21-173-9-28).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of the First Obstetric Ward, Wei Fang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, PR China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Na Xu
- Natural Sciences Department, LaGuardia Community College (City University of New York), 31-10 Thomson Ave, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Yaozhong Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaocen Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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12
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Sun C, Wu H, Xiao H, Nguepi Tsopmejio IS, Jin Z, Song H. Effect of dietary Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) stem waste on ovarian follicles development in laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2178341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Haoyuan Wu
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Huanwei Xiao
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhouyu Jin
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Changchun, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Changchun, P. R. China
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13
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Moreira R, Martins AD, Ferreira R, Alves MG, Pereira MDL, Oliveira PF. Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance Using an In Vitro Insulin Resistance Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38247463 PMCID: PMC10812815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells (LCs) play a pivotal role in male fertility, producing testosterone. Chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic3), a contentious supplement with antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, raises concerns regarding male fertility. Using a rodent LC line, we investigated the cytotoxicity of increasing CrPic3 doses. An insulin resistance (IR) model was established using palmitate (PA), and LCs were further exposed to CrPic3 to assess its antioxidant/antidiabetic activities. An exometabolome analysis was performed using 1H-NMR. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were evaluated via immunoblot. Steroidogenesis was assessed by quantifying androstenedione through ELISA. Our results uncover the toxic effects of CrPic3 on LCs even at low doses under IR conditions. Furthermore, even under these IR conditions, CrPic3 fails to enhance glucose consumption but restores the expression of mitochondrial complexes CII and CIII, alleviating oxidative stress in LCs. While baseline androgen production remained unaffected, CrPic3 promoted androstenedione production in LCs in the presence of PA, suggesting that it promotes cholesterol conversion into androgenic intermediates in this context. This study highlights the need for caution with CrPic3 even at lower doses. It provides valuable insights into the intricate factors influencing LCs metabolism and antioxidant defenses, shedding light on potential benefits and risks of CrPic3, particularly in IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana D. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (R.M.); (A.D.M.); (R.F.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Shawky HA, Abdel Hafez SMN, Hasan NAK, Elbassuoni E, Abdelbaky FAF, AboBakr AHS. Changes in Rat Adrenal Cortex and Pineal Gland in Inverted Light-Dark Cycle: A Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2037-2052. [PMID: 37738357 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep standards are common in everyday life; it is frequently linked to a rise in stress levels. The adrenal gland interacts physiologically with the pineal gland in the stress response. Pineal gland is a small endocrine organ that modulates sleep patterns. This work aimed to evaluate the inverted light-dark cycle rhythm on the histological changes within the adrenal cortex and pineal gland in adult male albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were equally divided into two groups: For the first control group, animals were kept on daylight-darkness for 12-12 h. The second group was kept under an inverted 12- to 12-h light-darkness cycle for 4 weeks. Adrenal sections were subjected to biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Inverted light-dark cycle group recorded a significant elevation of plasma corticosterone, tissue malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) associated with a significant reduction of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Adrenal cortex showed biochemical and histological changes. Pineal glands also showed loss of lobular architecture. A significant upregulation in activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax) immunohistochemical expression was recorded in adrenal cortex associating with downregulation in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). It could be concluded that subchronic inverted light-dark cycle exerted direct effects on adrenal cortex and the pineal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Shawky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Nabil Abdel Kader Hasan
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Eman Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzhraa Fouad Abdelbaky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hamid Sayed AboBakr
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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15
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Dmytriv TR, Tsiumpala SA, Semchyshyn HM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible trigger of neuroinflammation at post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1222826. [PMID: 37942228 PMCID: PMC10628526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1222826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs in approximately 15% of people as a result of some traumatic events. The main symptoms are re-experiencing and avoidance of everything related to this event and hyperarousal. The main component of the pathophysiology of PTSD is an imbalance in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and development of neuroinflammation. In parallel with this, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, as in many other diseases. In this review, we focus on the question how mitochondria may be involved in the development of neuroinflammation and its maintaining at PTSD. First, we describe the differences in the operation of the neuro-endocrine system during stress versus PTSD. We then show changes in the activity/expression of mitochondrial proteins in PTSD and how they can affect the levels of hormones involved in PTSD development, as well as how mitochondrial damage/pathogen-associated molecule patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) trigger development of inflammation. In addition, we examine the possibility of treating PTSD-related inflammation using mitochondria as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana R. Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Sviatoslav A. Tsiumpala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Halyna M. Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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16
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Sidhu SK, Mishra S. A cholesterol-centric outlook on steroidogenesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:405-428. [PMID: 38408806 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol, an essential and versatile lipid, is the precursor substrate for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, and a key structural and functional component of organelle membranes in eukaryotic cells. Consequently, the framework of steroidogenesis across main steroidogenic cell types is built around cholesterol, including its cellular uptake, mobilization from intracellular storage, and finally, its transport to the mitochondria where steroidogenesis begins. This setup, which is controlled by different trophic hormones in their respective target tissues, allows steroidogenic cells to meet their steroidogenic need of cholesterol effectively without impinging on the basic need for organelle membranes and their functions. However, our understanding of the basal steroidogenesis (i.e., independent of trophic hormone stimulation), which is a cell-intrinsic trait, remains poor. Particularly, the role that cholesterol itself plays in the regulation of steroidogenic factors and events in steroid hormone-producing cells remains largely unexplored. This is likely because of challenges in selectively targeting the steroidogenic intracellular cholesterol pool in studies. New evidence suggests that cholesterol plays a role in steroidogenesis. These new findings have created new opportunities to advance our understanding in this field. In this book chapter, we will provide a cholesterol-centric view on steroidogenesis and emphasize the importance of the interplay between cholesterol and the mitochondria in steroidogenic cells. Moreover, we will discuss a novel mitochondrial player, prohibitin-1, in this context. The overall goal is to provide a stimulating perspective on cholesterol as an important regulator of steroidogenesis (i.e., more than just a substrate for steroid hormones) and present the mitochondria as a potential cell-intrinsic factor in regulating steroidogenic cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarjit Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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17
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Kulus J, Kranc W, Kulus M, Bukowska D, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Antosik P. New Gene Markers of Exosomal Regulation Are Involved in Porcine Granulosa Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11873. [PMID: 37511632 PMCID: PMC10380331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal regulation is intimately involved in key cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. By participating in the regulation of basic mechanisms, extracellular vesicles are important in intercellular signaling and the functioning of the mammalian reproductive system. The complexity of intercellular interactions in the ovarian follicle is also based on multilevel intercellular signaling, including the mechanisms involving cadherins, integrins, and the extracellular matrix. The processes in the ovary leading to the formation of a fertilization-ready oocyte are extremely complex at the molecular level and depend on the oocyte's ongoing relationship with granulosa cells. An analysis of gene expression from material obtained from a primary in vitro culture of porcine granulosa cells was employed using microarray technology. Genes with the highest expression (LIPG, HSD3B1, CLIP4, LOX, ANKRD1, FMOD, SHAS2, TAGLN, ITGA8, MXRA5, and NEXN) and the lowest expression levels (DAPL1, HSD17B1, SNX31, FST, NEBL, CXCL10, RGS2, MAL2, IHH, and TRIB2) were selected for further analysis. The gene expression results obtained from the microarrays were validated using quantitative RT-qPCR. Exosomes may play important roles regarding intercellular signaling between granulosa cells. Therefore, exosomes may have significant applications in regenerative medicine, targeted therapy, and assisted reproduction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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18
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Arab HH, Fikry EM, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, El-Sheikh AAK, Darwish HW, Al-Hossaini AM, Saad MA, Al-Shorbagy MY, Eid AH. Stimulation of Autophagy by Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats: The Role of AMPK/mTOR and SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1006. [PMID: 37513918 PMCID: PMC10386496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant that triggers testicular dysfunction. Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor with notable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic features. It has shown marked cardio-, reno-, hepato-, and neuroprotective effects. Yet, its effect on Cd-evoked testicular impairment has not been examined. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the potential positive effect of dapagliflozin against Cd-induced testicular dysfunction in rats, with an emphasis on autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative insult. Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) was given by oral gavage, and testicular dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and biomolecular events were studied via immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and ELISA. The current findings demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved relative testicular weight, serum testosterone, and sperm count/motility and reduced sperm abnormalities, signifying mitigation of testicular impairment and spermatogenesis disruption. Moreover, dapagliflozin attenuated Cd-induced histological abnormalities and preserved testicular structure. The testicular function recovery was prompted by stimulating the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, lowering the testicular oxidative changes, and augmenting cellular antioxidants. As regards apoptosis, dapagliflozin counteracted the apoptotic machinery by downregulating the pro-apoptotic signals together with Bcl-2 upregulation. Meanwhile, dapagliflozin reactivated the impaired autophagy, as seen by a lowered accumulation of SQSTM-1/p62 and Beclin 1 upregulation. In the same context, the testicular AMPK/mTOR pathway was stimulated as evidenced by the increased p-AMPK (Ser487)/total AMPK ratio alongside the lowered p-mTOR (Ser2448)/total mTOR ratio. Together, the favorable mitigation of Cd-induced testicular impairment/disrupted spermatogenesis was driven by the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic actions of dapagliflozin. Thus, it could serve as a tool for the management of Cd-evoked testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Mohammad Fikry
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)-Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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19
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Tam N, Kong RYC, Lai KP. Reproductive toxicity in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) due to embryonic exposure to PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162401. [PMID: 36842578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that juvenile or adult exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces alterations in reproductive functions (e.g., reduced fertilization rate) and behavior (e.g., reduced nest maintenance) in fish. Embryonic exposures to other endocrine disrupting chemicals have been reported to induce long-term reproductive toxicity in fish. However, the effects of embryonic exposure to PCBs or their metabolites, OH-PCBs, on long-term reproductive function in fish are unknown. In the present study, we used the marine medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) as a model to assess the reproductive endpoints in response to embryonic exposure to either PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65. Our results showed that the sex ratio of marine medaka was feminized by exposure to 4'-OH-PCB 65. Fecundity was decreased in the medaka treated with either PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65, whereas the medaka from embryonic exposure to 4'-OH-PCB 65 additionally exhibited reduced fertilization and a reduction in the hatching success rate of offspring, as well as decreased sperm motility. Serum 11-KT concentrations were reduced in the PCB 28-treated medaka, and serum estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) and E2/11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) ratios were decreased in the 4'-OH-PCB 65-treated medaka. To explain these observations at the molecular level, transcriptomic analysis of the gonads was performed. Bioinformatic analysis using Gene Ontology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that genes involved in various pathways potentially involved in reproductive functions (e.g., steroid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis) were differentially expressed in the testes and ovaries of either PCB- or OH-PCB-treated medaka. Thus, the long-term reproductive toxicity in fish due to embryonic exposure to PCB or OH-PCB should be considered for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tam
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Yuen Chong Kong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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20
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Kirat D, Alahwany AM, Arisha AH, Abdelkhalek A, Miyasho T. Role of Macroautophagy in Mammalian Male Reproductive Physiology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091322. [PMID: 37174722 PMCID: PMC10177121 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and self-degradative process in cells. Autophagy carries out normal physiological roles throughout mammalian life. Accumulating evidence shows autophagy as a mechanism for cellular growth, development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. In male reproductive systems, normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis need a balance between degradation and energy supply to preserve cellular metabolic homeostasis. The main process of autophagy includes the formation and maturation of the phagophore, autophagosome, and autolysosome. Autophagy is controlled by a group of autophagy-related genes that form the core machinery of autophagy. Three types of autophagy mechanisms have been discovered in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy is classified as non-selective or selective. Non-selective macroautophagy randomly engulfs the cytoplasmic components in autophagosomes that are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. While selective macroautophagy precisely identifies and degrades a specific element, current findings have shown the novel functional roles of autophagy in male reproduction. It has been recognized that dysfunction in the autophagy process can be associated with male infertility. Overall, this review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basics of autophagy and summarizes the latest findings on the key role of autophagy in mammalian male reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Kirat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Alahwany
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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21
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Monzel AS, Enríquez JA, Picard M. Multifaceted mitochondria: moving mitochondrial science beyond function and dysfunction. Nat Metab 2023; 5:546-562. [PMID: 37100996 PMCID: PMC10427836 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have cell-type specific phenotypes, perform dozens of interconnected functions and undergo dynamic and often reversible physiological recalibrations. Given their multifunctional and malleable nature, the frequently used terms 'mitochondrial function' and 'mitochondrial dysfunction' are misleading misnomers that fail to capture the complexity of mitochondrial biology. To increase the conceptual and experimental specificity in mitochondrial science, we propose a terminology system that distinguishes between (1) cell-dependent properties, (2) molecular features, (3) activities, (4) functions and (5) behaviours. A hierarchical terminology system that accurately captures the multifaceted nature of mitochondria will achieve three important outcomes. It will convey a more holistic picture of mitochondria as we teach the next generations of mitochondrial biologists, maximize progress in the rapidly expanding field of mitochondrial science, and also facilitate synergy with other disciplines. Improving specificity in the language around mitochondrial science is a step towards refining our understanding of the mechanisms by which this unique family of organelles contributes to cellular and organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Monzel
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Nikolic A, Fahlbusch P, Wahlers N, Riffelmann NK, Jacob S, Hartwig S, Kettel U, Dille M, Al-Hasani H, Kotzka J, Knebel B. Chronic stress targets mitochondrial respiratory efficiency in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:108. [PMID: 36988756 PMCID: PMC10060325 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of chronic stress can result in psychic disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder, but also promote the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that muscle, as main regulator of whole-body energy expenditure, is a central target of acute and adaptive molecular effects of stress in this context. Here, we investigate the immediate effect of a stress period on energy metabolism in Musculus gastrocnemius in our established C57BL/6 chronic variable stress (Cvs) mouse model. Cvs decreased lean body mass despite increased energy intake, reduced circadian energy expenditure (EE), and substrate utilization. Cvs altered the proteome of metabolic components but not of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), or other mitochondrial structural components. Functionally, Cvs impaired the electron transport chain (ETC) capacity of complex I and complex II, and reduces respiratory capacity of the ETC from complex I to ATP synthase. Complex I-OXPHOS correlated to diurnal EE and complex II-maximal uncoupled respiration correlated to diurnal and reduced nocturnal EE. Bioenergetics assessment revealed higher optimal thermodynamic efficiencies (ƞ-opt) of mitochondria via complex II after Cvs. Interestingly, transcriptome and methylome were unaffected by Cvs, thus excluding major contributions to supposed metabolic adaptation processes. In summary, the preclinical Cvs model shows that metabolic pressure by Cvs is initially compensated by adaptation of mitochondria function associated with high thermodynamic efficiency and decreased EE to manage the energy balance. This counter-regulation of mitochondrial complex II may be the driving force to longitudinal metabolic changes of muscle physiological adaptation as the basis of stress memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalie Wahlers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nele-Kathrien Riffelmann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jacob
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kettel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Dille
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Duesseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Corkery-Hayward M, Metherell LA. Adrenal Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021126. [PMID: 36674647 PMCID: PMC9862368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is central to several homeostatic mechanisms including the stress and immune response. Adrenal insufficiency and impaired cortisol production leads to severe, potentially fatal disorders. Several fundamental stages of steroidogenesis occur within the mitochondria. These dynamic organelles not only contribute ATP for steroidogenesis, but also detoxify harmful by-products generated during cortisol synthesis (reactive oxygen species). Mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA that impair mitochondrial function lead to debilitating multi-system diseases. Recently, genetic variants that impair mitochondrial function have been identified in people with isolated cortisol insufficiency. This review aimed to clarify the association between mitochondrial diseases and adrenal insufficiency to produce cortisol. Mitochondrial diseases are rare and mitochondrial diseases that feature adrenal insufficiency are even rarer. We identified only 14 cases of adrenal insufficiency in people with confirmed mitochondrial diseases globally. In line with previous reviews, adrenal dysfunction was most prevalent in mitochondrial deletion syndromes (particularly Pearson syndrome and Kearns-Sayre syndrome) and with point mutations that compromised oxidative phosphorylation. Although adrenal insufficiency has been reported with mitochondrial diseases, the incidence reflects that expected in the general population. Thus, it is unlikely that mitochondrial mutations alone are responsible for an insufficiency to produce cortisol. More research is needed into the pathogenesis of adrenal disease in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise A. Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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24
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Ho KT, Balboula AZ, Homma K, Takanari J, Bai H, Kawahara M, Thi Kim Nguyen K, Takahashi M. Synergistic effect of standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem and heat shock on progesterone synthesis with lipid droplets and mitochondrial function in bovine granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106181. [PMID: 36150639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a well-known steroid hormone that plays a key role in oocyte growth and the maintenance of pregnancy in mammals, including cattle. Heat stress (HS) has an adverse effect on P4 synthesis through an imbalance in the cellular redox status. We have recently revealed that a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) increases P4 through non-HS induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and a synergistic increase of HSP70 by enhancing the intracellular redox balance, which was adversely affected by HS in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Bovine GCs collected from bovine ovarian follicles were cultured at 38.5 °C and 41 °C for 12 h with or without 5 mg/mL EAS. After treatment, cells and culture suppernatant were collected for the analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect in P4 levels. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect expression of steroidogenesis related genes. Fluorescence staining was used to detect mitochondrial activity and lipid droplet. P4 level was increased by EAS treatment in association with increase in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), mitochondrial membrane activity and lipid droplet both under non-HS and HS conditions. Notably, synergistic effect of EAS with HS co-treatment was observed to show a greater increase in P4 synthesis when comparison with EAS treatment under non-HS condition. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP70 significantly reduced EAS-induced P4 synthesis, mitochondrial activity and synthesis of lipid droplets. These results suggest that P4 synthesis by EAS is mediated by the steroidogenesis pathway via HSP70-regulated activation of STAR and 3β-HSD, together with improved mitochondrial activity and lipid metabolism in bovine GCs. Moreover, effect of EAS has a synergistic effect of with HSP70-regulated steroidogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Thieu Ho
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Kohei Homma
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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25
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Luongo FP, Passaponti S, Haxhiu A, Raeispour M, Belmonte G, Governini L, Casarini L, Piomboni P, Luddi A. Bitter Taste Receptors and Endocrine Disruptors: Cellular and Molecular Insights from an In Vitro Model of Human Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415540. [PMID: 36555195 PMCID: PMC9779643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with the synthesis, transport and binding action of hormones responsible for reproduction and homeostasis. Some EDCs compounds are activators of Taste bitter Receptors, a subclass of taste receptors expressed in many extraoral locations, including sperm and follicular somatic cells. This makes TAS2Rs attractive molecules to study and investigate to shed light on the effect of EDCs on female reproduction and fertility. This study aims to assess the effect of selected EDCs [namely Biochanin A (BCA), caffeine, Daidzein, Genistein and Isoflavone] on hGL5, an immortalized cell line exhibiting characteristics coherent with primary follicular granulosa cells. After demonstrating that this model expresses all the TAS2Rs (TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TAS2R14, TAS2R19, TAS2R43) specifically expressed by the primary human granulosa cells, we demonstrated that BCA and caffeine significantly affect mitochondrial footprint and intracellular lipid content, indicating their contribution in steroidogenesis. Our results showed that bitter taste receptors may be involved in steroidogenesis, thus suggesting an appealing mechanism by which these compounds affect the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Luongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alesandro Haxhiu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maryam Raeispour
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577586632
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
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26
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Arab HH, Abd El Aal HA, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Arafa ESA, Ashour AM, Kabel AM, Eid AH. Topiramate Reprofiling for the Attenuation of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Impairment in Rats: Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome and AMPK/mTOR-Linked Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1402. [PMID: 36422532 PMCID: PMC9697422 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topiramate, a promising drug classically used for the management of neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine, has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions in murine models of cardiac post-infarction inflammation, wound healing, and gastric/intestinal injury. However, its potential impact on cadmium-induced testicular injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the effect of topiramate against cadmium-invoked testicular impairment with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Herein, administration of topiramate (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage) continued for 60 days and the testes were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. The present data demonstrated that serum testosterone, sperm count/abnormalities, relative testicular weight, and histopathological aberrations were improved by topiramate administration to cadmium-intoxicated rats. The rescue of testicular dysfunction was driven by multi-pronged mechanisms including suppression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade, which was evidenced by dampened caspase-1 activity, lowered IL-1β/IL-18 production, and decreased nuclear levels of activated NF-κBp65. Moreover, curbing testicular apoptosis was seen by lowered Bax expression, decreased caspase-3 activity, and upregulation of Bcl-2. In tandem, testicular autophagy was activated as seen by diminished p62 SQSTM1 accumulation alongside Beclin-1 upregulation. Autophagy activation was associated with AMPK/mTOR pathway stimulation demonstrated by decreased mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation and increased AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation. In conclusion, combating inflammation/apoptosis and enhancing autophagic events by topiramate were engaged in ameliorating cadmium-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat A. Abd El Aal
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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27
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Sun X, Zeng C, Wang F, Zhang Z, Yang F, Liu ZP, Li K, Zhang GM. Neuromedin S Regulates Steroidogenesis through Maintaining Mitochondrial Morphology and Function via NMUR2 in Goat Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13402. [PMID: 36362185 PMCID: PMC9655409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin S (NMS) plays various roles in reproductive regulation, while the mechanism by which NMS regulates ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, we confirmed the enhancement role of NMS in steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). To further explore the specific mechanism, we conducted a knockdown of NMUR2 in GCs followed by treatment with NMS and determined the effects of NMS treatment on mitochondrial morphology and function. The results found that NMS treatment increased the production of estrogen and up-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP11A1, 3BHSD, and CYP19A1, while the effects of NMS treatment were blocked by the knockdown of NMUR2 in goat GCs. Moreover, NMS treatment enhanced the fusion of mitochondria and up-regulated the expression of OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, the activity of respiratory chain enzymes and ATP production by maintaining a low expression level of mitochondrial unfolded protein response markers. The effects of NMS treatment on mitochondria were reversed by NMUR2 knockdown and NMS cotreatment. The possible mechanism of the results above was revealed by NMS treatment activating the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 and then managing the expression of phosphorylation PPARGC1A (Ser571). Together, these data showed that NMS promoted the fusion of mitochondria and protected mitochondrial function from mitochondrial unfolded protein response possibly via the NMUR2/YAP1/PPARGC1A pathway, thereby affecting the steroidogenesis of goat GCs. By elaborating the potential mechanism of NMS in regulating estrogen production in goat GCs, our results can serve as the mechanism reference for follicular growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kang Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guo-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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28
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Wang ZP, Hua M, Jiu T, Ge RL, Bai Z. Biofunctional roles of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019: Beyond a steroid hormone. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003469. [PMID: 36339571 PMCID: PMC9626865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemic poses a major global public health threat with more than one million daily new infections and hundreds of deaths. To combat this global pandemic, efficient prevention and management strategies are urgently needed. Together with the main characteristics of COVID-19, impaired coagulation with dysfunctions of the immune response in COVID-19 pathophysiology causes high mortality and morbidity. From recent clinical observations, increased expression of specific types of estrogen appears to protect patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby, reducing mortality. COVID-19 severity is less common in women than in men, particularly in menopausal women. Furthermore, estrogen levels are negatively correlated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. These findings suggest that estrogen plays a protective role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of estrogen in blocking the SARS-CoV-2 from invading alveolar cells and replicating, and summarize the potential mechanisms of anti-inflammation, immune modulation, reactive oxygen species resistance, anti-thrombosis, vascular dilation, and vascular endothelium protection. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of estrogen against COVID-19 are reviewed. This review provides insights into the role of estrogen and its use as a potential strategy to reduce the mortality associated with COVID-19, and possibly other viral infections and discusses the possible challenges and pertinent questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Wang
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Mao Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tai Jiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center of High-Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Joint Lab of Qinghai-Utah for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Research Center of High-Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Joint Lab of Qinghai-Utah for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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29
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Effect of Obesity and High-Density Lipoprotein Concentration on the Pathological Characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012296. [PMID: 36293147 PMCID: PMC9603479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain and reactivity of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Clinically, the development of AD and obesity are known to be correlated. In this study, we analyzed the changes in AD pathological characteristics in 5XFAD mice after obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein AI (APOA-I) serum levels were increased without low-density lipoprotein alteration in both HFD groups. The reactivity of astrocytes and microglia in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and fornix of the hypothalamus in 5XFAD mice was decreased in the transgenic (TG)-HFD high group. Finally, the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus was also significantly decreased in the TG-HFD high group. These results suggest that increased high-density lipoprotein level, especially with increased APOA-I serum level, alleviates the pathological features of AD and could be a new potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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30
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Zhang WW, Li XL, Liu YL, Liu JY, Zhu XX, Li J, Zhao LL, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX, Gao L. 1-Nitropyrene disrupts testosterone biogenesis via AKAP1 degradation promoted mitochondrial fission in mouse Leydig cell. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119484. [PMID: 35613681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous study found 1-NP disrupted steroidogenesis in mouse testis, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. The current work aims to explore the roles of ROS-promoted AKAP1 degradation and excessive mitochondrial fission in 1-NP-induced steroidogenesis disruption in MLTC-1 cells. Transmission electron microscope analysis found 1-NP promoted excessive mitochondrial fission. Further data showed 1-NP disrupted mitochondrial function. pDRP1 (Ser637), a negative regulator of mitochondrial fission, was reduced in 1-NP-treated MLTC-1 cells. Mechanistically, 1-NP caused degradation of AKAP1, an upstream regulator of pDRP1 (Ser637). MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, attenuated 1-NP-induced AKAP1 degradation and downstream pDRP1 (Ser637) reduction, thereby ameliorating 1-NP-downregulated steroidogenesis. Further analysis found that cellular ROS was elevated and NOX4, HO-1 and SOD2 were upregulated in 1-NP-exposed MLTC-1 cells. NAC, a well-known commercial antioxidant, alleviated 1-NP-induced excessive ROS and oxidative stress. 1-NP-induced AKAP1 degradation and subsequent downregulation of pDRP1 (Ser637) were prevented by NAC pretreatment. Moreover, NAC attenuated 1-NP-resulted T synthesis disturbance in MLTC-1 cells. The present study indicates that ROS mediated AKAP1 degradation and subsequent pDRP1 (Ser637) dependent mitochondrial fission is indispensable in 1-NP caused T synthesis disruption. This study provides a new insight into 1-NP-induced endocrine disruption, and offers theoretical basis in public health prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Galano M, Papadopoulos V. Role of Constitutive STAR in Mitochondrial Structure and Function in MA-10 Leydig Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6608928. [PMID: 35704520 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR; STARD1) is critical for the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria for hormone-induced steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic cells express STAR under control conditions (constitutive STAR). On hormonal stimulation, STAR localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it facilitates cholesterol transport and where it is processed to its mature form. Here, we show that knockout of Star in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells (STARKO1) causes defects in mitochondrial structure and function under basal conditions. We also show that overexpression of Star in STARKO1 cells exacerbates, rather than recovers, mitochondrial structure and function, which further disrupts the processing of STAR at the OMM. Our findings suggest that constitutive STAR is necessary for proper mitochondrial structure and function and that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defective STAR processing at the OMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Galano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Repositioning Linagliptin for the Mitigation of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats: Targeting HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 Axis and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070852. [PMID: 35890148 PMCID: PMC9319949 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, disrupts testicular function and fertility. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin has shown pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features; however, its effects against cadmium-evoked testicular impairment have not been examined. Herein, the present study investigated targeting inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy by linagliptin for potential modulation of cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. After 60 days of cadmium chloride administration (5 mg/kg/day, by gavage), testes, epididymis, and blood were collected for analysis. The present findings revealed that linagliptin improved the histopathological lesions, including spermatogenesis impairment and germ cell loss. Moreover, it improved sperm count/motility and serum testosterone. The favorable effects of linagliptin were mediated by curbing testicular inflammation seen by dampening of HMGB1/TLR4 pathway and associated lowering of nuclear NF-κBp65. In tandem, linagliptin suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase 1 axis with consequent lowering of the pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-18. Jointly, linagliptin attenuated testicular apoptotic responses seen by Bax downregulation, Bcl-2 upregulation, and suppressed caspase 3 activity. With respect to autophagy, linagliptin enhanced the testicular autophagy flux seen by lowered accumulation of p62 SQSTM1 alongside upregulation of Beclin 1. The observed autophagy stimulation was associated with elevated AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation and lowered mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation, indicating AMPK/mTOR pathway activation. In conclusion, inhibition of testicular HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 pro-inflammatory axis and apoptosis alongside stimulation of autophagy were implicated in the favorable actions of linagliptin against cadmium-triggered testicular impairment.
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Prohibitins: A Key Link between Mitochondria and Nervous System Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7494863. [PMID: 35847581 PMCID: PMC9286927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7494863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitins (PHBs) are conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells, which are mainly located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), cell nucleus, and cell membrane. PHBs play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including the cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, immunoglobulin M receptor binding, and aging. In addition, recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that PHBs are important in nervous system diseases. PHBs can prevent apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in neurological disorders through different molecules and pathways, such as OPA-1, PINK1/Parkin, IL6/STAT3, Tau, NO, LC3, and TDP43. Therefore, PHBs show great promise in the protection of neurological disorders. This review summarizes the relevant studies on the relationship between PHBs and neurological disorders and provides an update on the molecular mechanisms of PHBs in nervous system diseases.
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Duranova H, Fialkova V, Valkova V, Bilcikova J, Olexikova L, Lukac N, Massanyi P, Knazicka Z. Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line (NCI-H295R): An in vitro screening model for the assessment of endocrine disruptors' actions on steroidogenesis with an emphasis on cell ultrastructural features. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151912. [PMID: 35661985 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines as an in vitro model for xenobiotic screening and toxicity studies provide a very important tool in the field of scientific research at the level of molecular pathways and gene expression. Good cell culture practice and intracellular characterization, as well as physiological properties of the cell line are of critical importance for in vitro reproductive toxicity testing of various endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The NCI-H295R, human adrenocarcinoma cell line, is the most widely used in vitro cellular system to study the human adrenal steroidogenic pathway at the level of hormone production and gene expression, as it expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. In this review, we aim to highlight the information considering the origin, development, physiological and ultrastructural characteristics of the NCI-H295R cell line. The review also creates a broad overview of the cell line usage in various range of studies related to the steroidogenesis issues. To our best knowledge, the paper provides the first report of quantitative data (ex novo) from stereological estimates of component (volume, surface) densities of nuclei, mitochondria, and lipid droplets of the NCI-H295R cells. Such ultrastructural measurements can be valuable in the assessment of underlying mechanisms of changes in the cell steroid hormone production induced by the action of diverse endocrine disruptors. Thus, they can significantly contribute to complexity of structure-function relationships in association with steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Veronika Valkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Bilcikova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Olexikova
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovak Republic.
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Knazicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Bassi G, Sidhu SK, Mishra S. The intracellular cholesterol pool in steroidogenic cells plays a role in basal steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106099. [PMID: 35339650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The framework of steroidogenesis across steroidogenic cells is constructed around cholesterol - the precursor substrate molecule for all steroid hormones - including its cellular uptake, storage in intracellular lipid droplets, mobilization upon steroidogenic stimulation, and finally, its transport to the mitochondria, where steroidogenesis begins. Thus, cholesterol and the mitochondria are highly interconnected in steroidogenic cells. Moreover, accruing evidence suggests that autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are important cellular events in the regulation of trophic hormone-induced cholesterol homeostasis and steroidogenesis. However, a potential role of cholesterol in itself in the regulation of steroidogenic factors and events remain largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that cholesterol plays a role in the regulation of cell-intrinsic factors and events involving steroidogenesis. Here, we show that depleting the intracellular cholesterol pool in steroidogenic cells induces autophagy, affects mitochondrial dynamics, and upregulates steroidogenic factors and basal steroidogenesis in three different steroidogenic cell types producing different steroid hormones. Notably, the cholesterol insufficiency-induced changes in different steroidogenic cell types occur independent of pertinent hormone stimulation and work in a dynamic and temporal manner with or without hormonal stimulation. Such effects of cholesterol deprivation on autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics were not observed in the non-steroidogenic cells, indicating that cholesterol insufficiency-induced changes in steroidogenic cells are specific to steroidogenesis. Thus, our data suggests a role of cholesterol in steroidogenesis beyond being a mere substrate for steroid hormones. The implications of our findings are broad and offer new insights into trophic hormone-dependent and hormone-independent steroidogenesis during development, as well as in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Simarjit Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada.
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Sousa D, Pereira SS, Pignatelli D. Modulation of Autophagy in Adrenal Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937367. [PMID: 35966083 PMCID: PMC9373848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal masses are one of the most common tumors in humans. The majority are benign and non-functioning and therefore do not require immediate treatment. In contrast, the rare adrenal malignant tumors are often highly aggressive and with poor prognosis. Besides usually being detected in advanced stages, often already with metastases, one of the reasons of the unfavorable outcome of the patients with adrenal cancer is the absence of effective treatments. Autophagy is one of the intracellular pathways targeted by several classes of chemotherapeutics. Mitotane, the most commonly used drug for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma, was recently shown to also modulate autophagy. Autophagy is a continuous programmed cellular process which culminates with the degradation of cellular organelles and proteins. However, being a dynamic mechanism, understanding the autophagic flux can be highly complex. The role of autophagy in cancer has been described paradoxically: initially described as a tumor pro-survival mechanism, different studies have been showing that it may result in other outcomes, namely in tumor cell death. In adrenal tumors, this dual role of autophagy has also been addressed in recent years. Studies reported both induction and inhibition of autophagy as a treatment strategy of adrenal malignancies. Importantly, most of these studies were performed using cell lines. Consequently clinical studies are still required. In this review, we describe what is known about the role of autophagy modulation in treatment of adrenal tumors. We will also highlight the aspects that need further evaluation to understand the paradoxical role of autophagy in adrenal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Pereira
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Duarte Pignatelli, ; Sofia S. Pereira,
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signaling & Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Duarte Pignatelli, ; Sofia S. Pereira,
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