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Meng F, Ren S. Identification of hub genes and molecular pathways in keratoconus by integrating bioinformatics and literature mining at the RNA level. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:244. [PMID: 38904678 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Keratoconus (KC) is a condition characterized by progressive corneal steepening and thinning. However, its pathophysiological mechanism remains vague. We mainly performed literature mining to extract bioinformatic and related data on KC at the RNA level. The objective of this study was to explore the potential pathological mechanisms of KC by identifying hub genes and key molecular pathways at the RNA level. METHODS We performed an exhaustive search of the PubMed database and identified studies that pertained to gene transcripts derived from diverse corneal layers in patients with KC. The identified differentially expressed genes were intersected, and overlapping genes were extracted for further analyses. Significantly enriched genes were screened using "Gene Ontology" (GO) and "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" (KEGG) analysis with the "Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery" (DAVID) database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the significantly enriched genes using the STRING database. The PPI network was visualized using the Cytoscape software, and hub genes were screened via betweenness centrality values. Pathways that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of KC were discovered using the GO and KEGG analyses of the hub genes. RESULTS 68 overlapping genes were obtained. Fifty genes were significantly enriched in 67 biological processes, and 16 genes were identified in 7 KEGG pathways. Moreover, 14 nodes and 32 edges were identified via the PPI network constructed using the STRING database. Multiple analyses identified 4 hub genes, 12 enriched biological processes, and 6 KEGG pathways. GO enrichment analysis showed that the hub genes are mainly involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process, and KEGG analysis showed that the hub genes are primarily associated with the interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways. Overall, the matrix metalloproteinase 9, IL-6, estrogen receptor 1, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 were the potential important genes associated with KC. CONCLUSION Four genes, matrix metalloproteinase 9, IL-6, estrogen receptor 1, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2, as well as IL-17 and TNF pathways, are critical in the development of KC. Inflammation and apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Meng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- Eye Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China.
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Nitzan I, Akavian I, Shmueli O, Erdinest N, Hanina Y, Twig G, Safir M. Body mass index and astigmatism: A nationwide study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38803147 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and astigmatism yields inconsistent results. This study analyses this association in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study included Israeli adolescents who underwent medical assessments before mandatory military service between 2011 and 2022. BMI was categorised based on the US age- and sex-matched percentiles. Astigmatism was categorised by magnitude [low-moderate: 0.75 to <3.00 diopters (D), high: ≥3.00 D], and axis orientation [with-the-rule (WTR), against-the-rule (ATR), or oblique (OBL)]. Sex-stratified regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used. RESULTS Of 935 989 adolescents evaluated, 887 325 were included [511 465 (57.6%) males, mean age 17.2 years]. Astigmatism was diagnosed in 123 675 (13.9%) adolescents, of whom 117 081 (13.2%) had low-moderate and 6594 (0.7%) had high astigmatism. WTR astigmatism was the most prevalent (8.2%), followed by ATR (4.1%) and OBL (1.6%) types. Compared with low-normal BMI (5th to 50th percentile), the adjusted ORs for total astigmatism increased with increasing BMI, peaking at 1.65 (1.57-1.74) in males and 1.74 (1.64-1.86) in females with severe obesity. ORs were accentuated for high astigmatism, reaching 3.51 (3.01-4.09) in males, and 3.45 (2.83-4.22) in females with severe obesity. WTR astigmatism demonstrated the strongest association with BMI, with ORs reaching 2.26 (2.13-2.40) in males and 2.04 (1.90-2.20) in females with severe obesity. The results persisted in a series of subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with higher odds of astigmatism in adolescence. Further investigation into the role of weight management in astigmatism development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Nitzan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Inbal Akavian
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Or Shmueli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Hanina
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Margarita Safir
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Liu X, Chen X, Wang C, Song J, Xu J, Gao Z, Huang Y, Suo H. Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review. Food Funct 2024; 15:2860-2878. [PMID: 38433710 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the skeletal, neurological, and reproductive systems. In women, the dysregulation of sex hormones can result in various health complications such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular menstruation. One of the most prevalent diseases associated with excess androgens is polycystic ovary syndrome with a hyperandrogenic phenotype. Probiotics have shown the potential to enhance the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews detailing how probiotics modulate ovarian sex hormones are scarce. This review seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms through which probiotics influence the production of ovarian sex hormones. The role of probiotics across various biological axes, including the gut-ovarian, gut-brain-ovarian, gut-liver-ovarian, gut-pancreas-ovarian, and gut-fat-ovarian axes, with a focus on the direct impact of probiotics on the ovaries via the gut and their effects on brain gonadotropins is discussed. It is also proposed herein that probiotics can significantly influence the onset, progression, and complications of ovarian sex hormone abnormalities. In addition, this review provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of probiotics in managing sex hormone-related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yechuan Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, P. R. China.
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Sharma P, Ma JX, Karamichos D. Effects of hypoxia in the diabetic corneal stroma microenvironment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109790. [PMID: 38224848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Corneal dysfunctions associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), termed diabetic keratopathy (DK), can cause impaired vision and/or blindness. Hypoxia affects both Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) surprisingly, the role of hypoxia in DK is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hypoxia in vitro on primary human corneal stromal cells derived from Healthy (HCFs), and diabetic (T1DMs and T2DMs) subjects, by exposing them to normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions through 2D and 3D in vitro models. Our data revealed that hypoxia affected T2DMs by slowing their wound healing capacity, leading to significant alterations in oxidative stress-related markers, mitochondrial health, cellular homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum health (ER) along with fibrotic development. In T1DMs, hypoxia significantly modulated markers related to membrane permeabilization, oxidative stress via apoptotic marker (BAX), and protein degradation. Hypoxic environment induced oxidative stress (NOQ1 mediated reduction of superoxide in T1DMs and Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress in T2DMs), modulation in mitochondrial health (Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and dysregulation of cellular homeostasis (HSP90) in both T1DMs and T2DMs. This data underscores the significant impact of hypoxia on the diabetic cornea. Further studies are warranted to delineate the complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Sharma
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Cheng J, Yang L, Ye Y, He L, Chen S, Wang J. Mendelian Randomisation Analysis of Causal Association between Lifestyle, Health Factors, and Keratoconus. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:221. [PMID: 38534495 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC), a leading cause of vision impairment, has an unclear aetiology. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal links between various factors (smoking, asthma, Down syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels) and KC. A two-sample MR design, grounded in genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, was adopted using data from FinnGen, UK Biobank, and other GWAS-related articles. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed, complemented by the Wald ratio method for factors with only one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Sensitivity and stability were assessed through Cochrane's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO outlier test, and the leave-one-out analysis. The IVW results for the ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer) biomechanical parameters indicated significant associations between tobacco smoking (CH: p < 0.001; CRF: p = 0.009) and inflammatory bowel disease (CH: p = 0.032; CRF: p = 0.001) and corneal biomechanics. The Wald ratio method showed tobacco smoking was associated with a lower risk of KC (p = 0.024). Conversely, asthma (p = 0.009), atopic dermatitis (p = 0.012), inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.017), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (p = 0.039) were associated with a higher risk of KC by IVW, and the same applied to Down syndrome (p = 0.004) using the Wald ratio. These results underscore the role of corneal biomechanics as potential mediators in KC risk, warranting further investigation using Corvis ST and Brillouin microscopy. The findings emphasise the importance of timely screening for specific populations in KC prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lanting Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yishan Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lvfu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621054, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621054, China
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Woronkowicz M, Roberts H, Skopiński P. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in the Corneal Epithelium Homeostasis-From Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells to Therapeutic Applications. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38534414 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium, comprising three layers of cells, represents the outermost portion of the eye and functions as a vital protective barrier while concurrently serving as a critical refractive structure. Maintaining its homeostasis involves a complex regenerative process facilitated by the functions of the lacrimal gland, tear film, and corneal nerves. Crucially, limbal epithelial stem cells located in the limbus (transitional zone between the cornea and the conjunctiva) are instrumental for the corneal epithelium integrity by replenishing and renewing cells. Re-epithelialization failure results in persistent defects, often associated with various ocular conditions including diabetic keratopathy. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a sophisticated network of insulin and other proteins essential for numerous physiological processes. This review examines its role in maintaining the corneal epithelium homeostasis, with a special focus on the interplay with corneal limbal stem cells and the potential therapeutic applications of the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woronkowicz
- NDDH, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Barnstaple EX31 4JB, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Harry Roberts
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Valizadeh M, Ameri Braki Z, Smiley E. Simultaneous Determination of Estradiol Cypionate and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Hormones in Injectable Suspension by UV Spectrophotometry Based on Least-Squares Support Vector Machine and Fuzzy Inference System: Comparison with HPLC. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:196-204. [PMID: 37725336 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of estradiol cypionate (ECA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used to prevent pregnancy in women. The analysis of the ECA and MPA combination reveals a challenge due to the strong overlap of the spectra of these compounds. OBJECTIVE Spectrophotometry techniques along with chemometrics methods are simple, fast, precise, and low-cost for the simultaneous determination of ECA and MPA in a combined pharmaceutical dosage form. METHODS Two developed approaches, the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and fuzzy inference system (FIS), along with a spectrophotometric method were proposed to solve such a challenging overlap. RESULTS Based on the cross-validation method, the regularization parameter (γ) and width of the function (σ) in the LSSVM model were optimized and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were found to be 0.3957 and 0.2839 for ECA and MDA, respectively. The mean recovery values were 99.87 and 99.63% for ECA and MDA, respectively. The FIS coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) showed mean recovery percentages equal to 99.05 and 99.50% for ECA and MDA, respectively. Also, the RMSE of both components was lower than 0.3. CONCLUSION The analysis results of a real sample (injection suspension) using the proposed methods were compared with HPLC by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and no significant differences were found in the results. HIGHLIGHTS Intelligent methods were proposed for the simultaneous determination of ECA and MPA. The least-squares support vector machine and fuzzy inference system along with spectrophotometry were used. HPLC as a reference method was performed and compared with chemometrics methods. The benefits of the proposed approaches are that they are rapid, simple, low-cost, and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Valizadeh
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Vafadar Blvd., Shahid Sadoughi St., Hakimiyeh Exit, Shahid Babaee Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ameri Braki
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Vafadar Blvd., Shahid Sadoughi St., Hakimiyeh Exit, Shahid Babaee Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Smiley
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Vafadar Blvd., Shahid Sadoughi St., Hakimiyeh Exit, Shahid Babaee Highway, Tehran, Iran
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Safir M, Sorkin N, Kaiserman I, Sela T, Munzer G, Spierer O, Mimouni M. Factors Predicting Slow Visual Recovery Following Hyperopic LASIK. J Refract Surg 2024; 40:e42-e47. [PMID: 38190557 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20231212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors predicting slow visual recovery following hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS The study included consecutive patients who underwent hyperopic LASIK between January 2005 and December 2019 at a single medical center. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they experienced normal recovery of visual acuity (1-week visit) or slow visual recovery (1-month visit). Visual recovery was defined as achieving an efficacy index of 0.9 or greater. Efficacy index was calculated as postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity / preoperative corrected distance visual acuity. A comparison of baseline and intraoperative parameters was performed. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of slow visual recovery. RESULTS Overall, 861 eyes of 861 patients were included. Mean age was 48.0 ± 9.5 years and 55.9% were women. Two hundred forty-nine patients (28.9%) experienced slow visual recovery. Younger age (P = .01), a larger preoperative spherical equivalence (P = .002), and greater maximum ablation depth (P = .002) were predictors of slow visual recovery. In binary logistic regression, female gender (P = .036) and greater spherical equivalence (P = .007) remained significant predictors of slow visual recovery. CONCLUSIONS Female gender and greater preoperative spherical equivalence were associated with slow visual recovery. Patients may be advised accordingly. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(1):e42-e47.].
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Safir M, Sorkin N, Kaiserman I, Sela T, Munzer G, Spierer O, Mimouni M. Factors Predicting Slow Visual Recovery Following Hyperopic LASIK. J Refract Surg 2024; 40:e42-e47. [PMID: 38190563 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20231212-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors predicting slow visual recovery following hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS The study included consecutive patients who underwent hyperopic LASIK between January 2005 and December 2019 at a single medical center. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they experienced normal recovery of visual acuity (1-week visit) or slow visual recovery (1-month visit). Visual recovery was defined as achieving an efficacy index of 0.9 or greater. Efficacy index was calculated as postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity / preoperative corrected distance visual acuity. A comparison of baseline and intraoperative parameters was performed. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of slow visual recovery. RESULTS Overall, 861 eyes of 861 patients were included. Mean age was 48.0 ± 9.5 years and 55.9% were women. Two hundred forty-nine patients (28.9%) experienced slow visual recovery. Younger age (P = .01), a larger preoperative spherical equivalence (P = .002), and greater maximum ablation depth (P = .002) were predictors of slow visual recovery. In binary logistic regression, female gender (P = .036) and greater spherical equivalence (P = .007) remained significant predictors of slow visual recovery. CONCLUSIONS Female gender and greater preoperative spherical equivalence were associated with slow visual recovery. Patients may be advised accordingly. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(1):e42-e47.].
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Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Vasini B, Cunningham RL, Murphy DA, Riaz KM, Karamichos D. Selective Modulation of the Keratoconic Stromal Microenvironment by FSH and LH. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1762-1775. [PMID: 36822267 PMCID: PMC10726429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) affects the corneal structure, with thinning and bulging outward into a conelike shape. Irregular astigmatism and decreased visual acuity appear during puberty and progress into the mid-30s, with unpredictable disease severity. The cause of KC is recognized as multifactorial, but remains poorly understood. Hormone imbalances are a significant modulator of the onset of KC. This study sought to investigate the role of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in KC, using a three-dimensional, self-assembled matrix in vitro model. Healthy corneal fibroblasts and human KC cells in the corneal stroma were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with stable vitamin C to promote extracellular matrix assembly. Cultures were further stimulated with 2.5 or 10 mIU/mL FSH and 5 or 35 mIU/mL LH. Samples were evaluated for cell proliferation and morphology via BrdU assay and imaging; protein expression was assessed via Western blot analysis. Proliferation was significantly greater in human KC cells compared to healthy corneal fibroblasts with LH stimulation, but no changes were found with FSH stimulation. Additionally, in sex hormone receptors, fibrotic markers, proteoglycans, and members of the gonadotropin signaling pathway were significantly changed, largely driven by exogenous LH. The impact of exogenous FSH/LH in the KC stromal microenvironment was demonstrated. These results highlight the need to further examine the role of FSH/LH in KC and in human corneal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - David A Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kamran M Riaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas.
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11
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Pikuleva IA. Challenges and Opportunities in P450 Research on the Eye. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1295-1307. [PMID: 36914277 PMCID: PMC10506698 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the 57 cytochrome P450 enzymes found in humans, at least 30 have ocular tissues as an expression site. Yet knowledge of the roles of these P450s in the eye is limited, in part because only very few P450 laboratories expanded their research interests to studies of the eye. Hence the goal of this review is to bring attention of the P450 community to the eye and encourage more ocular studies. This review is also intended to be educational for eye researchers and encourage their collaborations with P450 experts. The review starts with a description of the eye, a fascinating sensory organ, and is followed by sections on ocular P450 localizations, specifics of drug delivery to the eye, and individual P450s, which are grouped and presented based on their substrate preferences. In sections describing individual P450s, available eye-relevant information is summarized and concluded by the suggestions on the opportunities in ocular studies of the discussed enzymes. Potential challenges are addressed as well. The conclusion section outlines several practical suggestions on how to initiate eye-related research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the eye to encourage their ocular investigations and collaborations between P450 and eye researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Choi AJ, Hefley BS, Nicholas SE, Cunningham RL, Karamichos D. Novel Correlation between TGF-β1/-β3 and Hormone Receptors in the Human Corneal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13635. [PMID: 37686439 PMCID: PMC10487450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the interplay between transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1/T1 and TGF-β3/T3), and sex hormone receptors using our 3D in vitro cornea stroma model. Primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy donors were plated in transwells at 106 cells/well and cultured for four weeks. HCFs were supplemented with stable vitamin C (VitC) and stimulated with T1 or T3. 3D construct proteins were analyzed for the androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (KiSS1R/GPR54), and follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta (FSH-B). In female constructs, T1 significantly upregulated AR, PR, ERα, FSHR, GnRHR, and KiSS1R. In male constructs, T1 significantly downregulated FSHR and FSH-B and significantly upregulated ERα, ERβ, and GnRHR. T3 caused significant upregulation in expressions PR, ERα, ERβ, LHR, FSHR, and GNRHR in female constructs, and significant downregulation of AR, ERα, and FSHR in male constructs. Semi-quantitative Western blot findings present the interplay between sex hormone receptors and TGF-β isoforms in the corneal stroma, which is influenced by sex as a biological variable (SABV). Additional studies are warranted to fully delineate their interactions and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Choi
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Brenna S. Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Rebecca L. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (A.J.C.); (B.S.H.); (S.E.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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13
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Kelly DS, Sabharwal S, Ramsey DJ, Morkin MI. The effects of female sex hormones on the human cornea across a woman's life cycle. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37587412 PMCID: PMC10428535 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is a hormone-responsive tissue that responds to changing levels of female sex hormones. This review focuses on the structural and functional changes in the human cornea associated with the hormonal milestones of menarche, pregnancy, and menopause, as well as consequences stemming from the use of exogenous sex hormones for fertility control and replacement. Articles were identified by searching PubMed without language or region restrictions. The primary outcomes evaluated were changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and quality of the ocular tear film. The potential impact of hormone-associated changes on the diagnosis and surgical management of common eye diseases, as well as the potential use of sex hormones as therapeutic agents is also considered. Understanding the physiological effects of female sex hormones on the cornea is important because that knowledge can shape the management decisions physicians and women face about ocular health across their life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donel S Kelly
- United States Naval Hospital Okinawa, Ginowan, Japan
| | | | - David J Ramsey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, 01805, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Melina I Morkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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14
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Cousins HC, Cousins CC, Valluru G, Altman RB, Liu Y, Pasquale LR, Ahmad S. Genetic Correlations Among Corneal Biophysical Parameters and Anthropometric Traits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 37561511 PMCID: PMC10424803 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The genetic architecture of corneal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests a relationship between corneal structural features and anthropometric measures. We used global and local genetic similarity analysis to identify genomic features that may underlie structural corneal dysfunction. Methods We assembled genome-wide association study summary statistics for corneal features (central corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis [CH], corneal resistance factor [CRF], and the 3 mm index of keratometry) and anthropometric traits (body mass index, weight, and height) in Europeans. We calculated global genetic correlations (rg) between traits using linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression and local genetic covariance using ρ-HESS, which partitions the genome and performs regression with LD regions. Finally, we identified genes located within regions of significant genetic covariance and analyzed patterns of tissue expression and pathway enrichment. Results Global LD score regression revealed significant negative correlations between height and both CH (rg = -0.12; P = 2.0 × 10-7) and CRF (rg = -0.11; P = 6.9 × 10-7). Local analysis revealed 68 genomic regions exhibiting significant local genetic covariance between CRF and height, containing 2874 unique genes. Pathway analysis of genes in regions with significant local rg revealed enrichment among signaling pathways with known keratoconus associations, including cadherin and Wnt signaling, as well as enrichment of genes modulated by copper and zinc ions. Conclusions Corneal biophysical parameters and height share a common genomic architecture, which may facilitate identification of disease-associated genes and therapies for corneal ectasias. Translational Relevance Local genetic covariance analysis enables the identification of associated genes and therapeutic targets for corneal ectatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C. Cousins
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clara C. Cousins
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Girish Valluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russ B. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Krajnik K, Mietkiewska K, Skowronska A, Kordowitzki P, Skowronski MT. Oogenesis in Women: From Molecular Regulatory Pathways and Maternal Age to Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076837. [PMID: 37047809 PMCID: PMC10095116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that the reproductive organs in women, especially oocytes, are exposed to numerous regulatory pathways and environmental stimuli. The maternal age is one cornerstone that influences the process of oocyte fertilization. More precisely, the longer a given oocyte is in the waiting-line to be ovulated from menarche to menopause, the longer the duration from oogenesis to fertilization, and therefore, the lower the chances of success to form a viable embryo. The age of menarche in girls ranges from 10 to 16 years, and the age of menopause in women ranges from approximately 45 to 55 years. Researchers are paying attention to the regulatory pathways that are impacting the oocyte at the very beginning during oogenesis in fetal life to discover genes and proteins that could be crucial for the oocyte’s lifespan. Due to the general trend in industrialized countries in the last three decades, women are giving birth to their first child in their thirties. Therefore, maternal age has become an important factor impacting oocytes developmental competence, since the higher a woman’s age, the higher the chances of miscarriage due to several causes, such as aneuploidy. Meiotic failures during oogenesis, such as, for instance, chromosome segregation failures or chromosomal non-disjunction, are influencing the latter-mentioned aging-related phenomenon too. These errors early in life of women can lead to sub- or infertility. It cannot be neglected that oogenesis is a precisely orchestrated process, during which the oogonia and primary oocytes are formed, and RNA synthesis takes place. These RNAs are crucial for oocyte growth and maturation. In this review, we intend to describe the relevance of regulatory pathways during the oogenesis in women. Furthermore, we focus on molecular pathways of oocyte developmental competence with regard to maternal effects during embryogenesis. On the background of transcriptional mechanisms that enable the transition from a silenced oocyte to a transcriptionally active embryo, we will briefly discuss the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Krajnik
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Klaudia Mietkiewska
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skowronska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mariusz T. Skowronski
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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16
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Shu DY, Chaudhary S, Cho KS, Lennikov A, Miller WP, Thorn DC, Yang M, McKay TB. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act. Metabolites 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837806 PMCID: PMC9960073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress, which is a key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In this review, we present the current evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions affecting both the anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) and posterior segment (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) of the human eye. We posit that further development of therapeutic interventions to promote pro-regenerative responses and maintenance of the redox balance may delay or prevent the progression of these major ocular pathologies. Continued efforts in this field will not only yield a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ocular diseases but also enable the identification of novel druggable redox targets and antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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17
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Karamichos D. Latest in Cellular Pathology Research. Cells 2022; 11:4037. [PMID: 36552801 PMCID: PMC9777327 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2021 marked the 10th anniversary of the publication of Cells [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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18
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Chou T, Huang X, Liu J, Liu X, Zeng K, Yan Z, Mei S, Sun L, Xi W, Ni J, Zi J, Zhao J, Liu S. First Evidence Indicates the Physiology- and Axial-Myopia-Dependent Profiles of Steroid Hormones in Aqueous Humor. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121220. [PMID: 36557258 PMCID: PMC9787499 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative level of steroid hormones (SHs) in some body fluids have been accepted for clinical diagnosis, whereas their distribution in aqueous humor (AH) is unknown yet. Herein, a profiling study was conducted with a total of 171 AH and 107 plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS). For the first time, six kinds of SHs in AH were quantitatively estimated, and their abundances were ranked at cortisol (F), corticosterone (COR), androstenedione (A2), and 11-deoxycortisol (11DOC). The corresponding abundance of all SHs in AH was significantly lower than those in plasma, while there was a lack of a proportional relationship with the abundance of plasma SHs. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, the most abundant plasma SH, was undetectable in AH, implying that the blood-aqueous barrier might specifically block its transferral. Axial myopia generally results from many factors throughout the entire eye from tissues and molecules; furthermore, the correlation of AH SHs and axial myopia was assessed to look for their indication in such myopia. The panel with five kinds of AH SHs (F, COR, CORT, ALD and A2) was functional as a discriminator for axial myopia and control. The abundance of SHs, therefore, has a specific distribution in AH and can potentially contribute to axial myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Chou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Kun Zeng
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Zonghui Yan
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Shaoyi Mei
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Liangnan Sun
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Wenqun Xi
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Jinglan Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jin Zi
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (S.L.)
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19
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Corneal stromal repair and regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Sex Hormones and Their Effects on Ocular Disorders and Pathophysiology: Current Aspects and Our Experience. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063269. [PMID: 35328690 PMCID: PMC8949880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones are molecules produced by the gonads and to a small extent by the adrenal gland, which not only determine the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of an individual, differentiating man from woman, but also participate in the functioning of the various systems of the body. The evidence that many eye diseases differ in terms of prevalence between men and women has allowed us, in recent years, to carry out several studies that have investigated the association between sex hormones and the pathophysiology of eye tissues. Specific receptors for sex hormones have been found on the lacrimal and meibomian glands, conjunctiva, cornea, lens, retina, and choroid. This work summarizes the current knowledge on the role that sex hormones play in the pathogenesis of the most common ocular disorders and indicates our clinical experience in these situations. The aim is to stimulate an interdisciplinary approach between endocrinology, neurology, molecular biology, and ophthalmology to improve the management of these diseases and to lay the foundations for new therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Chien HW, Lin CW, Lee CY, Huang JY, Yang SF, Wang K. The use of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and its effect on the subsequent dry eye disease: a population-based cohort study. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1103-1109. [PMID: 35919811 PMCID: PMC9339409 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for the development of dry eye disease (DED) in subjects with prostate cancer via the use of national health insurance research database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and patients were selected as prostate cancer with ADT according to diagnostic and procedure codes. Each participant in that group was then matched to one patient with prostate cancer but without ADT and two subject s without prostate cancer and ADT. And a total of 1791, 1791 and 3582 participants were enrolled in each group. The primary outcome was set as the DED development according to the diagnostic codes. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ADT and other parameters for DED development. There were 228, 126 and 95 new events of DED developed in the control group, the prostate cancer without ADT group and the prostate cancer with ADT group. The rate of DED in the prostate cancer with ADT group (aHR: 0.980, 95% CI: 0.771-1.246, P= 0.8696) and Prostate cancer without ADT group (aHR: 1.064, 95% CI: 0.855-1.325, P= 0.5766) were not significantly different compared to the control group. In addition, the patients aged 70-79 years old demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of developing DED compared to those aged 50-59 years old (aHR: 1.885, 95% CI: 1.188-2.989, P= 0.0071). In conclusion, the use of ADT did not alter the incidence of subsequent DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Yang K, Gu Y, Xu L, Fan Q, Zhu M, Wang Q, Yin S, Zhang B, Pang C, Ren S. Distribution of pediatric keratoconus by different age and gender groups. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:937246. [PMID: 35923788 PMCID: PMC9339668 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.937246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the distribution of pediatric keratoconus patients and the disease severity based on different age and gender groups in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 446 keratoconus eyes in 266 pediatric patients from January 2019 to January 2022 were included in the cross-sectional study. The clinical findings and severity of keratoconus were recorded and Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-squared test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test were used to compare the parameters between different gender and age groups. RESULTS The male/female ratio was 353/93 (3.8:1), and the median age was 16 years (range: 6-17 years). Male patients were statistically younger than female patients (P = 0.041). The male/female ratio decreased with age (P for trend = 0.011). The distribution of the topographic keratoconus classification (TKC) stage was significantly different between gender and age groups (all P < 0.05). Male patients had a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus eyes (TKC ≥ 3) than female patients (P < 0.001), and CMH analysis indicated that being a male was a risk factor for advanced keratoconus after controlling for age (odds ratio: 2.581, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Male keratoconus patients were younger, with a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus than female patients in the Chinese pediatric patients evaluated. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenjiu Pang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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