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Watson SS, Zomer A, Fournier N, Lourenco J, Quadroni M, Chryplewicz A, Nassiri S, Aubel P, Avanthay S, Croci D, Abels E, Broekman MLD, Hanahan D, Huse JT, Daniel RT, Hegi ME, Homicsko K, Cossu G, Hottinger AF, Joyce JA. Fibrotic response to anti-CSF-1R therapy potentiates glioblastoma recurrence. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1507-1527.e11. [PMID: 39255775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma recurrence is currently inevitable despite extensive standard-of-care treatment. In preclinical studies, an alternative strategy of targeting tumor-associated macrophages and microglia through CSF-1R inhibition was previously found to regress established tumors and significantly increase overall survival. However, recurrences developed in ∼50% of mice in long-term studies, which were consistently associated with fibrotic scars. This fibrotic response is observed following multiple anti-glioma therapies in different preclinical models herein and in patient recurrence samples. Multi-omics analyses of the post-treatment tumor microenvironment identified fibrotic areas as pro-tumor survival niches that encapsulated surviving glioma cells, promoted dormancy, and inhibited immune surveillance. The fibrotic treatment response was mediated by perivascular-derived fibroblast-like cells via activation by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and neuroinflammation. Concordantly, combinatorial inhibition of these pathways inhibited treatment-associated fibrosis, and significantly improved survival in preclinical trials of anti-colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer S Watson
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anoek Zomer
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Translational Data Science Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Lourenco
- Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Translational Data Science Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manfredo Quadroni
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Translational Data Science Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Aubel
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simona Avanthay
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Croci
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik Abels
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2597 The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2597 The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roy T Daniel
- Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreas F Hottinger
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lundin Brain Tumour Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Roy A, Sen S, Das R, Shard A, Kumar H. Modulation of the LIMK Pathway by Myricetin: A Protective Strategy Against Neurological Impairments in Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2024; 21:878-889. [PMID: 39363468 PMCID: PMC11456951 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2448546.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the major disabilities concerning central nervous system injury, results in permanent tissue loss and neurological impairment. The existing therapeutic options for SCI are limited and predominantly consist of chemical compounds. In this study, we delved into the neuroprotective effects of myricetin, a natural flavonoid compound, and the underlying mechanisms, specifically in the context of SCI, utilizing an in vivo model. Previously, our investigations revealed an elevation in the phosphorylated form of Lin-11, Isl-1, and Mec-3 kinase1 (LIMK1) at chronic time points postinjury, coinciding with neuronal loss and scar formation. Our primary objective here was to assess the potential neuroprotective properties of myricetin in SCI and to ascertain if these effects were linked to LIMK inhibition, a hitherto unexamined pathway to date. METHODS Computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed to assess myricetin's potential to bind with LIMK. Then, using a rat contusion model, SCI was induced and different molecular techniques (Western blot, Evans Blue assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry) were performed to determine the effects of myricetin. RESULTS Remarkably, computational docking models identified myricetin as having a better interaction profile with LIMK than standard. Subsequent to myricetin treatment, a significant downregulation in phosphorylated LIMK expression was observed at chronic time points. This reduction correlated with a notable decrease in glial and fibrotic scar formation, and enhanced neuroprotection indicating a positive outcome in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings underscore myricetin's potential as a bioactive compound capable of attenuating SCI-induced injury cascades by targeting the LIMK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Santimoy Sen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
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Zhu J, Liu Z, Liu Q, Xu Q, Ding C, Chen Z, Li J, Wu Z. Enhanced neural recovery and reduction of secondary damage in spinal cord injury through modulation of oxidative stress and neural response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19042. [PMID: 39152171 PMCID: PMC11329651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a critical medical challenge, marked by substantial neural damage and persistent functional deficits. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for SCI, utilizing a tailored dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device to conduct comprehensive in vivo and in vitro analyses. The findings show that CAP treatment significantly improves functional recovery after SCI, reduces neuronal apoptosis, lowers inflammation, and increases axonal regeneration. These findings illustrate the efficacy of CAP in fostering a conducive environment for recovery by modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing neuronal survival, and encouraging regenerative processes. The underlying mechanism involves CAP's reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, followed by activating antioxidant enzymes. These findings position CAP as a pioneering approach for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment, presenting opportunities for improved neural recovery and establishing a new paradigm in SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Chengbiao Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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Gill K, Yoo HS, Chakravarthy H, Granville DJ, Matsubara JA. Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1421175. [PMID: 39091492 PMCID: PMC11291352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent and progressive degenerative disease of the macula, is the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals in developed countries. The advanced stages include neovascular AMD (nAMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), leading to subretinal fibrosis and permanent vision loss. Despite the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in stabilizing or improving vision in nAMD, the development of subretinal fibrosis following CNV remains a significant concern. In this review, we explore multifaceted aspects of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, focusing on its clinical manifestations, risk factors, and underlying pathophysiology. We also outline the potential sources of myofibroblast precursors and inflammatory mechanisms underlying their recruitment and transdifferentiation. Special attention is given to the potential role of mast cells in CNV and subretinal fibrosis, with a focus on putative mast cell mediators, tryptase and granzyme B. We summarize our findings on the role of GzmB in CNV and speculate how GzmB may be involved in the pathological transition from CNV to subretinal fibrosis in nAMD. Finally, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of animal models of subretinal fibrosis and pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Gill
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Gallo V, Kratimenos P. Each scar whispers a story. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1215-1216. [PMID: 38849522 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Gallo
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Tang P, Liu Y, Peng S, Cai Z, Tang G, Zhou Z, Hu K, Zhong Y. Cerebral [ 18F]AIF-FAPI-42-Based PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein for Non-invasive Quantification of Fibrosis After Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01269-2. [PMID: 38940873 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of fibrosis after injury to the brain or spinal cord limits the regeneration of the central nervous system in adult mammals. However, the extent of fibrosis in the injured brain has not been systematically investigated in mammals in vivo. This study aimed to assess whether [18F]AlF-FAPI-42-based cerebral positron emission tomography (PET) can be utilized to assess the extent of fibrosis in ischemic regions of the brain in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO). On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after MCAO, the uptake of [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 in the ischemic region of the brain in the MCAO groups surpassed that in the control group (day 0). The specific expression of fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) in ischemic regions of the brain was also confirmed in immunohistofluorescence experiments in vitro. [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 intensity correlated with the density of collagen deposition in the ischemic hemisphere (p < 0.001). [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 PET/CT imaging demonstrated a specific uptake of radioactivity in the infarcted area in an ischemic stroke patient. PET imaging by using [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 offers a promising non-invasive method for monitoring the progression of cerebral fibrosis caused by ischemic stroke and may facilitate the clinical management of stroke patients. Trial registration: chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2200059004. Registered April 22, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Simin Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhikai Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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7
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Park J, Overbey EG, Narayanan SA, Kim J, Tierney BT, Damle N, Najjar D, Ryon KA, Proszynski J, Kleinman A, Hirschberg JW, MacKay M, Afshin EE, Granstein R, Gurvitch J, Hudson BM, Rininger A, Mullane S, Church SE, Meydan C, Church G, Beheshti A, Mateus J, Mason CE. Spatial multi-omics of human skin reveals KRAS and inflammatory responses to spaceflight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4773. [PMID: 38862494 PMCID: PMC11166909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight can change metabolic, immunological, and biological homeostasis and cause skin rashes and irritation, yet the molecular basis remains unclear. To investigate the impact of short-duration spaceflight on the skin, we conducted skin biopsies on the Inspiration4 crew members before (L-44) and after (R + 1) flight. Leveraging multi-omics assays including GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler, single-cell RNA/ATAC-seq, and metagenomics/metatranscriptomics, we assessed spatial gene expressions and associated microbial and immune changes across 95 skin regions in four compartments: outer epidermis, inner epidermis, outer dermis, and vasculature. Post-flight samples showed significant up-regulation of genes related to inflammation and KRAS signaling across all skin regions. These spaceflight-associated changes mapped to specific cellular responses, including altered interferon responses, DNA damage, epithelial barrier disruptions, T-cell migration, and hindered regeneration were located primarily in outer tissue compartments. We also linked epithelial disruption to microbial shifts in skin swab and immune cell activity to PBMC single-cell data from the same crew and timepoints. Our findings present the inaugural collection and examination of astronaut skin, offering insights for future space missions and response countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista A Ryon
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Kleinman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Wain Hirschberg
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Granstein
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Gurvitch
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Cao Y, Xu W, Liu Q. Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:881-895. [PMID: 38513138 PMCID: PMC11318406 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241240843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Huang J, Chen Y, Zhou L, Ren J, Tian M, Yang Q, Wang L, Wu Y, Wen J, Yang Q. M2a macrophages regulate fibrosis and affect the outcome after stroke via PU.1/mTOR pathway in fibroblasts. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105674. [PMID: 38184171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The moderate formation of the fibrotic scar plays an important role in functional recovery after stroke. M2a macrophages have been identified as an important source of early fibrosis after cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms by which macrophages interact with fibroblasts in this context remain largely unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of macrophages on fibroblasts following ischemic stroke. In vitro and in vivo, recombinant rat interleukin 4 (IL4) was used to induce macrophages to polarize into M2a macrophages. In vitro, primary Sprague-Dawley newborn rat meningeal-derived fibroblasts were treated with PU.1 knockdown, the PU.1 inhibitor DB1976 or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, which were then co-cultured with M2a macrophage conditioned medium (MCM). In vivo, Sprague-Dawley adult rats were infected with negative control adenoviruses or PU.1-shRNA adenoviruses. Ten days after infection, an injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was constructed. Subsequently, IL4 was injected intracerebroventricularly to induce M2a macrophages polarization. In vitro, M2a MCM upregulated PU.1 expression and promoted the differentiation, proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix generation of fibroblasts, which could be reversed by treatment with the PU.1 inhibitor DB1976 or PU.1 knockdown. In vivo, PU.1 expression in fibroblasts was increased within ischemic core following MCAO/R, and this upregulation was further enhanced by exposure to IL4. Treatment with IL4 promoted fibrosis, increased angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis and infarct volume, as well as mitigated neurological deficits after MCAO/R, and these effects could be reversed by PU.1 knockdown. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that IL4 treatment increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR proteins, which were markedly decreased by PU.1 knockdown. Additionally, the use of an mTOR inhibitor rapamycin obviously suppressed the migration and differentiation of fibroblasts, and Col1 synthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggest for the first time that M2a macrophages, at least in part, regulate fibrosis and affect the outcome after cerebral ischemic stroke via the PU.1/mTOR signaling pathway in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangxia Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfen Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Ding Z, Jiang M, Qian J, Gu D, Bai H, Cai M, Yao D. Role of transforming growth factor-β in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:380-386. [PMID: 37488894 PMCID: PMC10503632 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits. Unlike in the central nervous system, damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells. However, axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function, which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge. Transforming growth factor (TGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair, embryo development, and cell growth and differentiation. There is accumulating evidence that TGF-β family proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells; recruiting specific immune cells; controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier, thereby stimulating axon growth; and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons. TGF-β has been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models. In this context, we review the functions of TGF-β in peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Cai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Czyżewski W, Mazurek M, Sakwa L, Szymoniuk M, Pham J, Pasierb B, Litak J, Czyżewska E, Turek M, Piotrowski B, Torres K, Rola R. Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38247839 PMCID: PMC10813911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Czyżewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mazovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Turek
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
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12
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Hu E, Li T, Li Z, Su H, Yan Q, Wang L, Li H, Zhang W, Tang T, Wang Y. Metabolomics reveals the effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on neurogenesis and axon regeneration after experimental traumatic brain injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1054-1064. [PMID: 37416997 PMCID: PMC10332220 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2229379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main bioactive ingredient of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L., [Asteraceae]) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of HSYA on post-TBI neurogenesis and axon regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into Sham, controlled cortex impact (CCI), and HSYA groups. Firstly, the modified Neurologic Severity Score (mNSS), foot fault test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl's staining, and immunofluorescence of Tau1 and doublecortin (DCX) were used to evaluate the effects of HSYA on TBI at the 14th day. Next, the effectors of HSYA on post-TBI neurogenesis and axon regeneration were screened out by pathology-specialized network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics. Then, the core effectors were validated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS HSYA alleviated mNSS, foot fault rate, inflammatory cell infiltration, and Nissl's body loss. Moreover, HSYA increased not only hippocampal DCX but also cortical Tau1 and DCX following TBI. Metabolomics demonstrated that HSYA significantly regulated hippocampal and cortical metabolites enriched in 'arginine metabolism' and 'phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism' including l-phenylalanine, ornithine, l-(+)-citrulline and argininosuccinic acid. Network pharmacology suggested that neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were the core nodes in the HSYA-TBI-neurogenesis and axon regeneration network. In addition, BDNF and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) were significantly elevated following HSYA treatment in the cortex and hippocampus. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HSYA may promote TBI recovery by facilitating neurogenesis and axon regeneration through regulating cortical and hippocampal metabolism, BDNF and STAT3/GAP43 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qiuju Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Xiangxiang People’s Hospital, Xiangxiang, PR China
| | - Haigang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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13
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Mohammed Butt A, Rupareliya V, Hariharan A, Kumar H. Building a pathway to recovery: Targeting ECM remodeling in CNS injuries. Brain Res 2023; 1819:148533. [PMID: 37586675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of proteoglycans, proteins, and other macromolecules that surrounds cells in tissues. The ECM provides structural support to cells and plays a critical role in regulating various cellular functions. ECM remodeling is a dynamic process involving the breakdown and reconstruction of the ECM. This process occurs naturally during tissue growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. However, in the context of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, dysregulated ECM remodeling can lead to the formation of fibrotic and glial scars. CNS injuries encompass various traumatic events, including concussions and fractures. Following CNS trauma, the formation of glial and fibrotic scars becomes prominent. Glial scars primarily consist of reactive astrocytes, while fibrotic scars are characterized by an abundance of ECM proteins. ECM remodeling plays a pivotal and tightly regulated role in the development of these scars after spinal cord and brain injuries. Various factors like ECM components, ECM remodeling enzymes, cell surface receptors of ECM molecules, and downstream pathways of ECM molecules are responsible for the remodeling of the ECM. The aim of this review article is to explore the changes in ECM during normal physiological conditions and following CNS injuries. Additionally, we discuss various approaches that target various factors responsible for ECM remodeling, with a focus on promoting axon regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injuries. By targeting ECM remodeling, it may be possible to enhance axonal regeneration and facilitate functional recovery after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Mohammed Butt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vimal Rupareliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - A Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Jiang T, Li S, Xu B, Liu K, Qiu T, Dai H. IKVAV peptide-containing hydrogel decreases fibrous scar after spinal cord injury by inhibiting fibroblast migration and activation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114683. [PMID: 37751807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous scar is one of the major factors that hinder functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies have shown that the laminin α1 peptide chain ile-les-val-ala-Val (IKVAV) promoted axonal growth and motor function recovery in rats after SCI. However, whether IKVAV could ameliorate SCI via reducing the formation of fibrous scar was not clear. A SCI model was constructed by transecting the rat spinal cord with a scalpel and implanting poly (N-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide) (PNIPAM)-b-poly (AC-PEG-COOH) (PNPP) or PNIPAM-b-poly (AC-PEG-IKVAV) (PNPP-IKVAV) hydrogel. 14 days later hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the effect of PNPP-IKVAV on scar formation. The effect of PNPP-IKVAV on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. NIH-3T3 cells were used for in vitro scratching experiments and a transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1) activation model was constructed to assess the role of PNPP-IKVAV. In this study, PNPP-IKVAV inhibited fibroblast migration and suppressed TGF-β1 activation and ER stress (ERS) to reduce the extracellular matrix secretion by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Benchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Institut WUT-AWU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Institut WUT-AWU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China.
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15
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Sámano C, Mazzone GL. The role of astrocytes response triggered by hyperglycaemia during spinal cord injury. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37798949 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2264538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This manuscript aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms triggered by reactive astrocytes (RA) in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI), with a particular focus on cases involving hyperglycaemia.Methods: The compilation of articles related to astrocyte responses in neuropathological conditions, with a specific emphasis on those related to SCI and hyperglycaemia, was conducted by searching through databases including Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed.Results and Conclusions: This article explores the dual role of astrocytes in both neurophysiological and neurodegenerative conditions within the central nervous system (CNS). In the aftermath of SCI and hyperglycaemia, astrocytes undergo a transformation into RA, adopting a distinct phenotype. While there are currently no approved therapies for SCI, various therapeutic strategies have been proposed to alleviate the detrimental effects of RAs following SCI and hyperglycemia. These strategies show promising potential in the treatment of SCI and its likely comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sámano
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Ciudad de México, México
| | - G L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Shafqat A, Albalkhi I, Magableh HM, Saleh T, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Tackling the glial scar in spinal cord regeneration: new discoveries and future directions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1180825. [PMID: 37293626 PMCID: PMC10244598 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration and functional recovery are poor after spinal cord injury (SCI), typified by the formation of an injury scar. While this scar was traditionally believed to be primarily responsible for axonal regeneration failure, current knowledge takes a more holistic approach that considers the intrinsic growth capacity of axons. Targeting the SCI scar has also not reproducibly yielded nearly the same efficacy in animal models compared to these neuron-directed approaches. These results suggest that the major reason behind central nervous system (CNS) regeneration failure is not the injury scar but a failure to stimulate axon growth adequately. These findings raise questions about whether targeting neuroinflammation and glial scarring still constitute viable translational avenues. We provide a comprehensive review of the dual role of neuroinflammation and scarring after SCI and how future research can produce therapeutic strategies targeting the hurdles to axonal regeneration posed by these processes without compromising neuroprotection.
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17
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Fertala J, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud J, Arnold WV, Fertala A. Extracellular Targets to Reduce Excessive Scarring in Response to Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050758. [PMID: 37238628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics, progressive fibrosis remains a significant medical problem. Regardless of the injury type or location of wounded tissue, excessive production and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is the common denominator of all fibrotic disorders. A long-standing dogma was that anti-fibrotic approaches should focus on overall intracellular processes that drive fibrotic scarring. Because of the poor outcomes of these approaches, scientific efforts now focus on regulating the extracellular components of fibrotic tissues. Crucial extracellular players include cellular receptors of matrix components, macromolecules that form the matrix architecture, auxiliary proteins that facilitate the formation of stiff scar tissue, matricellular proteins, and extracellular vesicles that modulate matrix homeostasis. This review summarizes studies targeting the extracellular aspects of fibrotic tissue synthesis, presents the rationale for these studies, and discusses the progress and limitations of current extracellular approaches to limit fibrotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William V Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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18
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Wang Z, Chen G. Immune regulation in neurovascular units after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106060. [PMID: 36871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Survivors may experience movement disorders, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. However, there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The immune regulation process of TBI involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immunity, and intracranial blood vessels are essential communication centers. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for coupling blood flow with brain activity, and comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyte end-feet, and vast regulatory nerve terminals. A stable NVU is the basis for normal brain function. The concept of the NVU emphasizes that cell-cell interactions between different types of cells are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have explored the effects of immune system changes after TBI. The NVU can help us further understand the immune regulation process. Herein, we enumerate the paradoxes of primary immune activation and chronic immunosuppression. We describe the changes in immune cells, cytokines/chemokines, and neuroinflammation after TBI. The post-immunomodulatory changes in NVU components are discussed, and research exploring immune changes in the NVU pattern is also described. Finally, we summarize immune regulation therapies and drugs after TBI. Therapies and drugs that focus on immune regulation have shown great potential for neuroprotection. These findings will help us further understand the pathological processes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
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19
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Rauchman SH, Zubair A, Jacob B, Rauchman D, Pinkhasov A, Placantonakis DG, Reiss AB. Traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, manifestations, and visual sequelae. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1090672. [PMID: 36908792 PMCID: PMC9995859 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1090672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when external physical forces impact the head with sufficient intensity to cause damage to the brain. TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe and may have long-term consequences including visual difficulties, cognitive deficits, headache, pain, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic epilepsy. Disruption of the normal functioning of the brain leads to a cascade of effects with molecular and anatomical changes, persistent neuronal hyperexcitation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Destructive processes that occur at the cellular and molecular level lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and apoptosis. Vascular damage, ischemia and loss of blood brain barrier integrity contribute to destruction of brain tissue. This review focuses on the cellular damage incited during TBI and the frequently life-altering lasting effects of this destruction on vision, cognition, balance, and sleep. The wide range of visual complaints associated with TBI are addressed and repair processes where there is potential for intervention and neuronal preservation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarij Zubair
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Benna Jacob
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Rauchman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | | | - Allison B Reiss
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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20
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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