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Chen X, Yan Y, Liu Z, Yang S, Li W, Wang Z, Wang M, Guo J, Li Z, Zhu W, Yang J, Yin J, Dai Q, Li Y, Wang C, Zhao L, Yang X, Guo X, Leng L, Xu J, Obukhov AG, Cao R, Zhong W. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel attenuates Zika virus infection. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00103-4. [PMID: 39009885 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to severe neurological consequences, including seizures, and early infancy death. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. TRPC channels play an important role in regulating nervous system excitability and are implicated in seizure development. We investigated whether TRPCs might be involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection. We found that ZIKV infection increases TRPC4 expression in host cells via the interaction between the ZIKV-NS3 protein and CaMKII, enhancing TRPC4-mediated calcium influx. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII decreased both pCREB and TRPC4 protein levels, whereas the suppression of either TRPC4 or CaMKII improved the survival rate of ZIKV-infected cells and reduced viral protein production, likely by impeding the replication phase of the viral life cycle. TRPC4 or CaMKII inhibitors also reduced seizures and increased the survival of ZIKV-infected neonatal mice and blocked the spread of ZIKV in brain organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings suggest that targeting CaMKII or TRPC4 may offer a promising approach for developing novel anti-ZIKV therapies, capable of preventing ZIKV-associated seizures and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaokang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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Phelan KD, Shwe UT, Wu H, Zheng F. Investigating Contributions of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 3 to Hippocampal Hyperexcitability and Seizure-Induced Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6260. [PMID: 38892448 PMCID: PMC11172528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) is the most abundant TRPC channel in the brain and is highly expressed in all subfields of the hippocampus. Previous studies have suggested that TRPC3 channels may be involved in the hyperexcitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and seizures. Genetic ablation of TRPC3 channel expression reduced the intensity of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unexplored and the contribution of TRPC3 channels to SE-induced neurodegeneration is not determined. In this study, we investigated the contribution of TRPC3 channels to the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and the contribution of TRPC3 channels to seizure-induced neuronal cell death. We found that genetic ablation of TRPC3 expression did not alter basic electrophysiological properties of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and had a complex impact on epileptiform bursting in CA3. However, TRPC3 channels contribute significantly to long-term potentiation in CA1 and SE-induced neurodegeneration. Our results provided further support for therapeutic potential of TRPC3 inhibitors and raised new questions that need to be answered by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - U Thaung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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3
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Davis LL, Hamner MB. Post-traumatic stress disorder: the role of the amygdala and potential therapeutic interventions - a review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1356563. [PMID: 38903645 PMCID: PMC11187309 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1356563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder triggered by exposure to a life-threatening or sexually violent traumatic event, and is characterized by symptoms involving intrusive re-experiencing, persistent avoidance of associated stimuli, emotional and cognitive disturbances, and hyperarousal for long periods after the trauma has occurred. These debilitating symptoms induce occupational and social impairments that contribute to a significant clinical burden for PTSD patients, and substantial socioeconomic costs, reaching approximately $20,000 dollars per individual with PTSD each year in the US. Despite increased translational research focus in the field of PTSD, the development of novel, effective pharmacotherapies for its treatment remains an important unmet clinical need. Observations In this review, we summarize the evidence implicating dysfunctional activity of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of PTSD. We identify the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels as promising drug targets given their distribution in the amygdala, and evidence from animal studies demonstrating their role in fear response modulation. We discuss the evidence-based pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment approaches for PTSD. Discussion In view of the prevalence and economic burden associated with PTSD, further investigation is warranted into novel treatment approaches based on our knowledge of the involvement of brain circuitry and the role of the amygdala in PTSD, as well as the potential added value of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy to better manage PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. Davis
- Mental Health Service, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama College of Community Health Science, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Mark B. Hamner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Saqib U, Demaree IS, Obukhov AG, Baig MS, Khan MS, Altwaijry N, Nasution MAF, Mizuguchi K, Hajela K. Structural and accessibility studies highlight the differential binding of clemizole to TRPC5 and TRPC6. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38279926 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5 (T RP C5) and T RP C6 channels play critical physiological roles in various cell types. Their involvement in numerous disease progression mechanisms has led to extensive searches for their inhibitors. Although several potent T RP C inhibitors have been developed and the structure of their binding sites were mapped using cryo electron microscopy, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions within the inhibitor binding site of T RP Cs remains elusive. This study aimed to decipher the structural determinants and molecular mechanisms contributing to the differential binding of clemizole to T RP C5 and T RP C6, with a particular focus on the accessibility of binding site residues. This information can help better understand what molecular features allow for selective binding, which is a key characteristic of clinically effective pharmacological agents. Using computational methodologies, we conducted an in-depth molecular docking analysis of clemizole with T RP C5 and T RP C6 channels. The protein structures were retrieved from publicly accessible protein databases. Discovery Studio 2020 Client Visualizer and Chimera software facilitated our in-silico mutation experiments and enabled us to identify the critical structural elements influencing clemizole binding. Our study reveals key molecular determinants at the clemizole binding site, specifically outlining the role of residues' Accessible Surface Area (ASA) and Relative Accessible Surface Area (RASA) in differential binding. We found that lower accessibility of T RP C6 binding site residues, compared to those in T RP C5, could account for the lower affinity binding of clemizole to T RP C6. This work illuminates the pivotal role of binding site residue accessibility in determining the affinity of clemizole to T RP C5 and T RP C6. A nuanced understanding of the distinct binding properties between these homologous proteins may pave the way for the development of more selective inhibitors, promising improved therapeutic efficacy and fewer off-target effects. By demystifying the structural and molecular subtleties of T RP C inhibitors, this research could significantly accelerate the drug discovery process, offering hope to patients afflicted with T RP C-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saqib
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, MP, India
| | - Isaac S Demaree
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mochammad Arfin Fardiansyah Nasution
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Krishnan Hajela
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, MP, India
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Phelan KD, Shwe UT, Zheng F. Pharmacological Differences between Native Homomeric Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Type 4 Channels and Heteromeric Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Type 1/4 Channels in Lateral Septal Neurons. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1291. [PMID: 37765099 PMCID: PMC10534382 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the unique expression patterns and revelations of its critical involvement in a host of neurological disorders, the TRPC1/4/5 subgroup has become an intense target of drug development, and some compounds are now in clinical trials. However, little is known about the exact subunit composition of this subfamily of TRPC channels in various native tissues, and whether it has functional and pharmacological implications. In this study, we investigated the effects of two TRPC4 modulators located in the lateral septum, in which a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist-induced plateau potential is mediated by TRPC channels composed of TRPC1 and TRPC4. Lateral septal neurons were recorded intracellularly in brain slices using sharp electrodes. Drugs were applied via bath superfusion. We showed that the plateau potential in mice lacking TRPC1 is modulated by ML204 and La3+ in a manner that is like homomeric TRPC4 channels in artificial expression systems. However, the plateau potential that is primarily mediated by heteromeric TRPC1/4 channels in lateral septal neurons in wildtype mice was modulated differently by ML204 and La3+. Our data suggest that native homomeric TRPC4 channels and heteromeric TRPC1/4 channels are pharmacologically distinct, and the current drug development strategy regarding TRPC1/4/5 may need to be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - U Thaung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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6
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Zhang W, Wang M, Lv W, White FA, Chen X, Obukhov AG. Long-Term Treatment with Gadopentetic Acid or Gadodiamide Increases TRPC5 Expression and Decreases Adriamycin Nuclear Accumulation in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091304. [PMID: 37174704 PMCID: PMC10177392 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide are paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that are routinely used for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor disease progression in cancer patients. However, growing evidence indicates that repeated administration of GBCAs may lead to gadolinium (III) cation accumulation in the cortical bone tissue, skin, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, potentially leading to a subsequent slow long-term discharge of Gd3+. Gd3+ is a known activator of the TRPC5 channel that is implicated in breast cancer's resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we found that gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA, 1 mM) potentiated the inward and outward currents through TRPC5 channels, which were exogenously expressed in HEK293 cells. Gd-DTPA (1 mM) also activated the Gd3+-sensitive R593A mutant of TRPC5, which exhibits a reduced sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC dependent gating. Conversely, Gd-DTPA had no effect on TRPC5-E543Q, a Gd3+ insensitive TRPC5 mutant. Long-term treatment (28 days) of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and SK-BR-3) and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADM) with Gd-DTPA (1 mM) or gadodiamide (GDD, 1 mM) did not affect the IC50 values of ADM. However, treatment with Gd-DTPA or GDD significantly increased TRPC5 expression and decreased the accumulation of ADM in the nuclei of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, promoting the survival of these two breast cancer cells in the presence of ADM. The antagonist of TRPC5, AC1903 (1 μM), increased ADM nuclear accumulation induced by Gd-DTPA-treatment. These data indicate that prolonged GBCA treatment may lead to increased breast cancer cell survival owing to the upregulation of TRPC5 expression and the increased ADM resistance. We propose that while focusing on providing medical care of the best personalized quality in the clinic, excessive administration of GBCAs should be avoided in patients with metastatic breast cancer to reduce the risk of promoting breast cancer cell drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Weizhen Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fletcher A White
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li W, Sha L, Xia Y, Chen L. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for epilepsy therapy: opportunities and obstacles. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103600. [PMID: 37119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a long-term neurological disorder characterized by neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress in the brain. Autophagy is a process of cellular self-regulation to maintain normal physiological functions. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy pathways in neurons are a potential mechanism underlying EP pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in EP and the probable function of autophagy in epileptogenesis. Moreover, we review the autophagy modulators reported for the treatment of EP models, and discuss the obstacles to, and opportunities for, the potential therapeutic applications of novel autophagy modulators as EP therapies. Teaser: Defective autophagy affects the onset and progression of epilepsy, and many anti-epileptic drugs have autophagy-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Freichel M, Tsvilovskyy V, Philippaert K. Resolving the heteromeric composition and macromolecular environment of TRPC channels in the brain. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102714. [PMID: 36921407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Kollewe A, Schwarz Y, Oleinikov K, Raza A, Haupt A, Wartenberg P, Wyatt A, Boehm U, Ectors F, Bildl W, Zolles G, Schulte U, Bruns D, Flockerzi V, Fakler B. Subunit composition, molecular environment, and activation of native TRPC channels encoded by their interactomes. Neuron 2022; 110:4162-4175.e7. [PMID: 36257322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain TRPC channels, a family of Ca2+-permeable cation channels, are involved in a variety of processes from neuronal growth and synapse formation to transmitter release, synaptic transmission and plasticity. The molecular appearance and operation of native TRPC channels, however, remained poorly understood. Here, we used high-resolution proteomics to show that TRPC channels in the rodent brain are macro-molecular complexes of more than 1 MDa in size that result from the co-assembly of the tetrameric channel core with an ensemble of interacting proteins (interactome). The core(s) of TRPC1-, C4-, and C5-containing channels are mostly heteromers with defined stoichiometries for each subtype, whereas TRPC3, C6, and C7 preferentially form homomers. In addition, TRPC1/C4/C5 channels may co-assemble with the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1, thus guaranteeing both specificity and reliability of channel activation via the phospholipase-Ca2+ pathway. Our results unveil the subunit composition of native TRPC channels and resolve the molecular details underlying their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kollewe
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Oleinikov
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ahsan Raza
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haupt
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- Transgenic facility, FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Zolles
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Breisacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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TRPC4 and GIRK channels underlie neuronal coding of firing patterns that reflect G q/11-G i/o coincidence signals of variable strengths. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120870119. [PMID: 35544691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120870119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceNeurons communicate by releasing neurotransmitters, many of which act at G protein-coupled receptors. Although it is well known that Gq/11 accelerates action potential firing while Gi/o inhibits firing, how firing patterns change in response to simultaneous activation of Gq/11 and Gi/o remains elusive, especially because the relative strength of Gq/11 versus Gi/o activation varies greatly from event to event. This study reveals that neurons encode distinct messages that reflect coincident Gq/11 and Gi/o stimulation by activating two ion channels, TRPC4 and GIRK. The resulting firing patterns, composed of burst, pause, and firing recovery phases, reflect both the occurrence of coincident Gq/11 and Gi/o activation and their relative strengths. With these, we may begin to interpret the language of neurons.
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11
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Wang XD, Liu S, Lu H, Guan Y, Wu H, Ji Y. Analysis of Shared Genetic Regulatory Networks for Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6692974. [PMID: 34697589 PMCID: PMC8538392 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy are neurological disorders that affect a large cohort of people worldwide. Although both of the two diseases could be influenced by genetic factors, the shared genetic mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of them is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the shared genetic networks and corresponding hub genes for AD and epilepsy. Firstly, the gene coexpression modules (GCMs) were constructed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and 16 GCMs were identified. Through further integration of GCMs, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), 4 shared GCMs of AD and epilepsy were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the shared biological processes of these GCMs and explore the functional overlaps between these two diseases. The results showed that the genes in shared GCMs were significantly enriched in nervous system-related pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. Furthermore, the hub genes of AD- and epilepsy-associated GCMs were captured by weighted key driver analysis (wKDA), including TRPC1, C2ORF40, NR3C1, KIAA0368, MMT00043109, STEAP1, MSX1, KL, and CLIC6. The shared GCMs and hub genes might provide novel therapeutic targets for AD and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yalin Guan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
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12
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Carver CM, DeWitt HR, Stoja AP, Shapiro MS. Blockade of TRPC Channels Limits Cholinergic-Driven Hyperexcitability and Seizure Susceptibility After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:681144. [PMID: 34489621 PMCID: PMC8416999 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.681144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of excitatory transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) cation channels to posttraumatic hyperexcitability in the brain 7 days following controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the parietal cortex in male adult mice. We investigated if TRPC1/TRPC4/TRPC5 channel expression is upregulated in excitatory neurons after TBI in contribution to epileptogenic hyperexcitability in key hippocampal and cortical circuits that have substantial cholinergic innervation. This was tested by measuring TRPC1/TRPC4/TRPC5 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, assays of cholinergic function, neuronal Ca2+ imaging in brain slices, and seizure susceptibility after TBI. We found region-specific increases in expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 subunits in the hippocampus and cortex following TBI. The dentate gyrus, CA3 region, and cortex all exhibited robust upregulation of TRPC4 mRNA and protein. TBI increased cFos activity in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) and layer 5 pyramidal neurons both at the time of TBI and 7 days post-TBI. DGGCs displayed greater magnitude and duration of acetylcholine-induced rises in intracellular Ca2+ in brain slices from mice subjected to TBI. The TBI mice also exhibited greater seizure susceptibility in response to pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling. Blockade of TRPC4/TRPC5 channels with M084 reduced neuronal hyperexcitation and impeded epileptogenic progression of kindling. We observed that the time-dependent upregulation of TRPC4/TRPC5-containing channels alters cholinergic responses and activity of principal neurons acting to increase proexcitatory sensitivity. The underlying mechanism includes acutely decreased acetylcholinesterase function, resulting in greater Gq/11-coupled muscarinic receptor activation of TRPC channels. Overall, our evidence suggests that TBI-induced plasticity of TRPC channels strongly contributes to overt hyperexcitability and primes the hippocampus and cortex for seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Carver
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Haley R DeWitt
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Aiola P Stoja
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark S Shapiro
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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13
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Zamanian M, Kujawska M, Zadeh MN, Hassanshahi A, Ramezanpour S, Kamiab Z, Bazmandegan G. Carvacrol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Article. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:942-953. [PMID: 33970850 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210506185042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent in neurological diseases. METHOD The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to search the literature: "Carvacrol" [Title] AND "neuroprotective (neuroprotection)" [Title] OR "stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy [Title]. RESULTS A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, , epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological disorders based on its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marjan Nikbakht Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hassanshahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ramezanpour
- Shohada Hospital, Bandar Gaz, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Gaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan,Iran
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14
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Jeon J, Bu F, Sun G, Tian JB, Ting SM, Li J, Aronowski J, Birnbaumer L, Freichel M, Zhu MX. Contribution of TRPC Channels in Neuronal Excitotoxicity Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease and Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618663. [PMID: 33490083 PMCID: PMC7820370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven canonical members of transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins form cation channels that evoke membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i ) rise, which are not only important for regulating cell function but their deregulation can also lead to cell damage. Recent studies have implicated complex roles of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke. Brain ischemia reduces oxygen and glucose supply to neurons, i.e., Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD), resulting in [Ca2+] i elevation, ion dyshomeostasis, and excitotoxicity, which are also common in many forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Although ionotropic glutamate receptors, e.g., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, are well established to play roles in excitotoxicity, the contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors and their downstream effectors, i.e., TRPC channels, should not be neglected. Here, we summarize the current findings about contributions of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on OGD-induced neuronal death and rodent models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. TRPC channels play both detrimental and protective roles to neurodegeneration depending on the TRPC subtype and specific pathological conditions involved. When illustrated the mechanisms by which TRPC channels are involved in neuronal survival or death seem differ greatly, implicating diverse and complex regulation. We provide our own data showing that TRPC1/C4/C5, especially TRPC4, may be generally detrimental in OGD and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We propose that although TRPC channels significantly contribute to ischemic neuronal death, detailed mechanisms and specific roles of TRPC subtypes in brain injury at different stages of ischemia/reperfusion and in different brain regions need to be carefully and systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepyo Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jin-Bin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shun-Ming Ting
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marc Freichel
- Department of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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How TRPC Channels Modulate Hippocampal Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113915. [PMID: 32486187 PMCID: PMC7312571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cationic membrane channels of the TRP superfamily. They are largely expressed in the hippocampus and are able to modulate neuronal functions. Accordingly, they have been involved in different hippocampal functions such as learning processes and different types of memories, as well as hippocampal dysfunctions such as seizures. This review covers the mechanisms of activation of these channels, how these channels can modulate neuronal excitability, in particular the after-burst hyperpolarization, and in the persistent activity, how they control synaptic plasticity including pre- and postsynaptic processes and how they can interfere with cell survival and neurogenesis.
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16
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Wang H, Cheng X, Tian J, Xiao Y, Tian T, Xu F, Hong X, Zhu MX. TRPC channels: Structure, function, regulation and recent advances in small molecular probes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107497. [PMID: 32004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cation channels of the TRP superfamily. The seven mammalian TRPC members, which can be further divided into four subgroups (TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC4/5, and TRPC3/6/7) based on their amino acid sequences and functional similarities, contribute to a broad spectrum of cellular functions and physiological roles. Studies have revealed complexity of their regulation involving several components of the phospholipase C pathway, Gi and Go proteins, and internal Ca2+ stores. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy have provided several high-resolution structures of TRPC channels. Growing evidence demonstrates the involvement of TRPC channels in diseases, particularly the link between genetic mutations of TRPC6 and familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Because TRPCs were discovered by the molecular identity first, their pharmacology had lagged behind. This is rapidly changing in recent years owning to great efforts from both academia and industry. A number of potent tool compounds from both synthetic and natural products that selective target different subtypes of TRPC channels have been discovered, including some preclinical drug candidates. This review will cover recent advancements in the understanding of TRPC channel regulation, structure, and discovery of novel TRPC small molecular probes over the past few years, with the goal of facilitating drug discovery for the study of TRPCs and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Xiaoding Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinbin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Fuchun Xu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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17
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Emmons-Bell M, Durant F, Tung A, Pietak A, Miller K, Kane A, Martyniuk CJ, Davidian D, Morokuma J, Levin M. Regenerative Adaptation to Electrochemical Perturbation in Planaria: A Molecular Analysis of Physiological Plasticity. iScience 2019; 22:147-165. [PMID: 31765995 PMCID: PMC6881696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical homeostasis results from dynamic interactions between gene expression, physiology, and the external environment. Owing to its complexity, this cellular and organism-level phenotypic plasticity is still poorly understood. We establish planarian regeneration as a model for acquired tolerance to environments that alter endogenous physiology. Exposure to barium chloride (BaCl2) results in a rapid degeneration of anterior tissue in Dugesia japonica. Remarkably, continued exposure to fresh solution of BaCl2 results in regeneration of heads that are insensitive to BaCl2. RNA-seq revealed transcriptional changes in BaCl2-adapted heads that suggests a model of adaptation to excitotoxicity. Loss-of-function experiments confirmed several predictions: blockage of chloride and calcium channels allowed heads to survive initial BaCl2 exposure, inducing adaptation without prior exposure, whereas blockade of TRPM channels reversed adaptation. Such highly adaptive plasticity may represent an attractive target for biomedical strategies in a wide range of applications beyond its immediate relevance to excitotoxicity preconditioning. Exposure to BaCl2 causes the heads of Dugesia japonica to degenerate Prolonged exposure to BaCl2 results in regeneration of a BaCl2-insensitive head Ion channel expression is altered in the head to compensate for excitotoxic stress TRPMa is upregulated in BaCl2-treated animals; blocking TRPM prevents adaptation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Emmons-Bell
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Fallon Durant
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Angela Tung
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Alexis Pietak
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kelsie Miller
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Devon Davidian
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Junji Morokuma
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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18
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Merelli A, Ramos AJ, Lazarowski A, Auzmendi J. Convulsive Stress Mimics Brain Hypoxia and Promotes the P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) and Erythropoietin Receptor Overexpression. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Effect on P-gp Activity. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:750. [PMID: 31379495 PMCID: PMC6652211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is not only a hormone that promotes erythropoiesis but also has a neuroprotective effect on neurons attributed to its known anti-apoptotic action. Previously, our group has demonstrated that recombinant-human EPO (rHu-EPO) can protect neurons and recovery motor activity in a chemical focal brain hypoxia model (Merelli et al., 2011). We and others also have reported that repetitive seizures can mimic a hypoxic- like condition by HIF-1α nuclear translocation and high neuronal expression P-gp. Here, we report that a single 20-min status epilepticus (SE) induces P-gp and EPO-R expression in cortical pyramidal neurons and only P-gp expression in astrocytes. In vitro, excitotoxic stress (300 μM glutamate, 5 min), can also induce the expression of EPO-R and P-gp simultaneously with both HIF-1α and NFkB nuclear translocation in primary cortical neurons. Primary astrocytes exposed to chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 (0.3 mM, 6 h) increased P-gp expression as well as an increased efflux of Rhodamine 123 (Rho123) that is a P-gp substrate. Tariquidar, a specific 3er generation P-gp-blocker was used as an efflux inhibitor control. Astrocytes treated with rHu-EPO showed a significant recovery of the Rho123 retention in a similar way as seen by Tariquidar, demonstrating for first time that rHu-EPO can inhibit the P-gp-dependent efflux activity. Taking together, these data suggest that stimulation of EPO depending signaling system could not only play a central role in brain cell protection, but this system could be a new tool for reverse the pharmacoresistant phenotype in refractory epilepsy as well as in other pharmacoresistant hypoxic brain diseases expressing P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Merelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Javier Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" IBCN-UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeronimo Auzmendi
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" IBCN-UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Kim J, Ko J, Myeong J, Kwak M, Hong C, So I. TRPC1 as a negative regulator for TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1045-1053. [PMID: 31222490 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are calcium permeable, non-selective cation channels with wide tissue-specific distribution. Among 7 TRPC channels, TRPC 1/4/5 and TRPC3/6/7 are subdivided based on amino acid sequence homology. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels exhibit cationic current with homotetrameric form, but they also form heterotetrameric channel such as TRPC1/4 or TRPC1/5 once TRPC1 is incorporated. The expression of TRPC1 is ubiquitous whereas the expressions of TRPC4 and TRPC5 are rather focused in nervous system. With the help of conditional knock-out of TPRC1, 4 and/or 5 genes, TRPC channels made of these constituents are reported to be involved in various pathophysiological functions such as seizure, anxiety-like behaviour, fear, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and many others. In heterologous expression system, many issues such as activation mechanism, stoichiometry and relative cation permeabilites of homomeric or heteromeric channels have been addressed. In this review, we discussed the role of TRPC1 channel per se in plasma membrane, role of TRPC1 in heterotetrameric conformation (TRPC1/4 or TRPC1/5) and relationship between TRPC1/4/5 channels, calcium influx and voltage-gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Misun Kwak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Rubaiy HN. Treasure troves of pharmacological tools to study transient receptor potential canonical 1/4/5 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:832-846. [PMID: 30656647 PMCID: PMC6433652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical or classical transient receptor potential 4 and 5 proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5) assemble as homomers or heteromerize with TRPC1 protein to form functional nonselective cationic channels with high calcium permeability. These channel complexes, TRPC1/4/5, are widely expressed in nervous and cardiovascular systems, also in other human tissues and cell types. It is debatable that TRPC1 protein is able to form a functional ion channel on its own. A recent explosion of molecular information about TRPC1/4/5 has emerged including knowledge of their distribution, function, and regulation suggesting these three members of the TRPC subfamily of TRP channels play crucial roles in human physiology and pathology. Therefore, these ion channels represent potential drug targets for cancer, epilepsy, anxiety, pain, and cardiac remodelling. In recent years, a number of highly selective small-molecule modulators of TRPC1/4/5 channels have been identified as being potent with improved pharmacological properties. This review will focus on recent remarkable small-molecule agonists: (-)-englerin A and tonantzitlolone and antagonists: Pico145 and HC7090, of TPRC1/4/5 channels. In addition, this work highlights other recently identified modulators of these channels such as the benzothiadiazine derivative, riluzole, ML204, clemizole, and AC1903. Together, these treasure troves of agonists and antagonists of TRPC1/4/5 channels provide valuable hints to comprehend the functional importance of these ion channels in native cells and in vivo animal models. Importantly, human diseases and disorders mediated by these proteins can be studied using these compounds to perhaps initiate drug discovery efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N. Rubaiy
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical SchoolUniversity of HullHullUK
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21
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Knauer B, Yoshida M. Switching between persistent firing and depolarization block in individual rat CA1 pyramidal neurons. Hippocampus 2019; 29:817-835. [PMID: 30794330 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation plays a role in mnemonic tasks and epileptic discharges in vivo. In vitro, these functions and malfunctions may relate to persistent firing (PF) and depolarization block (DB), respectively. Pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field have previously been reported to engage in either PF or DB during cholinergic stimulation. However, it is unknown whether these cells constitute disparate populations of neurons. Furthermore, it is unclear which cell-specific peculiarities may mediate their diverse response properties. However, it has not been shown whether individual CA1 pyramidal neurons can switch between PF and DB states. Here, we used whole cell patch clamp in the current clamp mode on in vitro CA1 pyramidal neurons from acutely sliced rat tissue to test various intrinsic properties which may provoke individual cells to switch between PF and DB. We found that individual cells could switch from PF to DB, in a cholinergic agonist concentration dependent manner and depending on the parameters of stimulation. We also demonstrate involvement of TRPC and potassium channels in this switching. Finally, we report that the probability for DB was more pronounced in the proximal than in the distal half of CA1. These findings offer a potential mechanism for the stronger spatial modulation in proximal, compared to distal CA1, as place field formation was shown to be affected by DB. Taken together, our results suggest that PF and DB are not mutually exclusive response properties of individual neurons. Rather, a cell's response mode depends on a variety of intrinsic properties, and modulation of these properties enables switching between PF and DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Knauer
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, Mercator Research Group - Structure of Memory, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Faculty of Psychology, Mercator Research Group - Structure of Memory, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Kubista H, Boehm S, Hotka M. The Paroxysmal Depolarization Shift: Reconsidering Its Role in Epilepsy, Epileptogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030577. [PMID: 30699993 PMCID: PMC6387313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS) have been described by epileptologists for the first time several decades ago, but controversy still exists to date regarding their role in epilepsy. In addition to the initial view of a lack of such a role, seemingly opposing hypotheses on epileptogenic and anti-ictogenic effects of PDS have emerged. Hence, PDS may provide novel targets for epilepsy therapy. Evidence for the roles of PDS has often been obtained from investigations of the multi-unit correlate of PDS, an electrographic spike termed “interictal” because of its occurrence during seizure-free periods of epilepsy patients. Meanwhile, interictal spikes have been found to be associated with neuronal diseases other than epilepsy, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, which may indicate a broader implication of PDS in neuropathologies. In this article, we give an introduction to PDS and review evidence that links PDS to pro- as well as anti-epileptic mechanisms, and to other types of neuronal dysfunction. The perturbation of neuronal membrane voltage and of intracellular Ca2+ that comes with PDS offers many conceivable pathomechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. Out of these, the operation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, which play a major role in coupling excitation to long-lasting neuronal changes, is addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Park SE, Song JH, Hong C, Kim DE, Sul JW, Kim TY, Seo BR, So I, Kim SY, Bae DJ, Park MH, Lim HM, Baek IJ, Riccio A, Lee JY, Shim WH, Park B, Koh JY, Hwang JJ. Contribution of Zinc-Dependent Delayed Calcium Influx via TRPC5 in Oxidative Neuronal Death and its Prevention by Novel TRPC Antagonist. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2822-2835. [PMID: 30062674 PMCID: PMC6459797 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key mediator of neuronal death in acute brain injuries, such as epilepsy, trauma, and stroke. Although it is accompanied by diverse cellular changes, increases in levels of intracellular zinc ion (Zn2+) and calcium ion (Ca2+) may play a critical causative role in oxidative neuronal death. However, the mechanistic link between Zn2+ and Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in neurons during oxidative stress is not well-understood. Here, we show that the exposure of cortical neurons to H2O2 led to a zinc-triggered calcium influx, which resulted in neuronal death. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, NU6027, inhibited H2O2-induced Ca2+ increases and subsequent cell death in cortical neurons, without affecting the early increase in Zn2+. Therefore, we attempted to identify the zinc-regulated Ca2+ pathway that was inhibited by NU6027. The expression profile in cortical neurons identified transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) as a candidate that is known to involve in the generation of epileptiform burst firing and epileptic neuronal death (Phelan KD et al. 2012a; Phelan KD et al. 2013b). NU6027 inhibited basal and zinc-augmented TRPC5 currents in TRPC5-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Consistently, cortical neurons from TRPC5 knockout mice were highly resistant to H2O2-induced death. Moreover, NU6027 is neuroprotective in kainate-treated epileptic rats. Our results demonstrate that TRPC5 is a novel therapeutic target against oxidative neuronal injury in prolonged seizures and that NU6027 is a potent inhibitor of TRPC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Kwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jee-Won Sul
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Tae-Youn Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Neural Injury Research Lab, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Seo
- Neural Injury Research Lab, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ha Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hye Min Lim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Antonio Riccio
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Bumwoo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.,Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Lab, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea. .,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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24
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Focal Ischaemic Infarcts Expand Faster in Cerebellar Cortex than Cerebral Cortex in a Mouse Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:643-653. [PMID: 29455391 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to ischaemic injury, and this may contribute to the high mortality arising from posterior circulation strokes. However, this has not been systematically examined in an animal model. This study compared the development and resolution of matched photothrombotic microvascular infarcts in the cerebellar and cerebral cortices in adult 129/SvEv mice of both sexes. The photothrombotic lesions were made using tail vein injection of Rose Bengal with a 532 nm laser projected onto a 2 mm diameter aperture over the target region of the brain (with skull thinning). Infarct size was then imaged histologically following 2 h to 30-day survival using serial reconstruction of haematoxylin and eosin stained cryosections. This was complemented with immunohistochemistry for neuron and glial markers. At 2 h post-injury, the cerebellar infarct volume averaged ~ 2.7 times that of the cerebral cortex infarcts. Infarct volume reached maximum in the cerebellum in a quarter of the time (24 h) taken in the cerebral cortex (4 days). Remodelling resolved the infarcts within a month, leaving significantly larger residual injury volume in the cerebellum. The death of neurons in the core lesion at 2 h was confirmed by NeuN and Calbindin immunofluorescence, alongside activation of astrocytes and microglia. The latter persisted in the region within and surrounding the residual infarct at 30 days. This comparison of acute focal ischaemic injuries in cerebellar and cerebral cortices provides direct confirmation of exacerbation of neuropathology and faster kinetics in the cerebellum.
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25
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Rubaiy HN, Ludlow MJ, Henrot M, Gaunt HJ, Miteva K, Cheung SY, Tanahashi Y, Hamzah N, Musialowski KE, Blythe NM, Appleby HL, Bailey MA, McKeown L, Taylor R, Foster R, Waldmann H, Nussbaumer P, Christmann M, Bon RS, Muraki K, Beech DJ. Picomolar, selective, and subtype-specific small-molecule inhibition of TRPC1/4/5 channels. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8158-8173. [PMID: 28325835 PMCID: PMC5437225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ and the voltage across the plasma membrane are major determinants of cell function. Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels are known to regulate these parameters, but understanding of these channels remains inadequate. Here we focus on transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5), which assemble as homomers or heteromerize with TRPC1 to form Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels in many mammalian cell types. Multiple roles have been suggested, including in epilepsy, innate fear, pain, and cardiac remodeling, but limitations in tools to probe these channels have restricted progress. A key question is whether we can overcome these limitations and develop tools that are high-quality, reliable, easy to use, and readily accessible for all investigators. Here, through chemical synthesis and studies of native and overexpressed channels by Ca2+ and patch-clamp assays, we describe compound 31, a remarkable small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC1/4/5 channels. Its potency ranged from 9 to 1300 pm, depending on the TRPC1/4/5 subtype and activation mechanism. Other channel types investigated were unaffected, including TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM8, and store-operated Ca2+ entry mediated by Orai1. These findings suggest identification of an important experimental tool compound, which has much higher potency for inhibiting TRPC1/4/5 channels than previously reported agents, impressive specificity, and graded subtype selectivity within the TRPC1/4/5 channel family. The compound should greatly facilitate future studies of these ion channels. We suggest naming this TRPC1/4/5-inhibitory compound Pico145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Henrot
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Tanahashi
- Schools of Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Taylor
- Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Nussbaumer
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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26
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Stiglbauer V, Hotka M, Ruiß M, Hilber K, Boehm S, Kubista H. Ca v 1.3 channels play a crucial role in the formation of paroxysmal depolarization shifts in cultured hippocampal neurons. Epilepsia 2017; 58:858-871. [PMID: 28295232 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increase of neuronal Cav 1.3 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) has been observed in various animal models of epilepsy. However, LTCC inhibitors failed in clinical trials of epileptic treatment. There is compelling evidence that paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs) involve Ca2+ influx through LTCCs. PDSs represent a hallmark of epileptiform activity. In recent years, a probable epileptogenic role for PDSs has been proposed. However, the implication of the two neuronal LTCC isoforms, Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3, in PDSs remained unknown. Moreover, Ca2+ -dependent nonspecific cation (CAN) channels have also been suspected to contribute to PDSs. Nevertheless, direct experimental support of an important role of CAN channel activation in PDS formation is still lacking. METHODS Primary neuronal networks derived from dissociated hippocampal neurons were generated from mice expressing a dihydropyridine-insensitive Cav 1.2 mutant (Cav 1.2DHP-/- mice) or from Cav 1.3-/- knockout mice. To investigate the role of Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3, perforated patch-clamp recordings were made of epileptiform activity, which was elicited using either bicuculline or caffeine. LTCC activity was modulated using the dihydropyridines Bay K 8644 (agonist) and isradipine (antagonist). RESULTS Distinct PDS could be elicited upon LTCC potentiation in Cav 1.2DHP-/- neurons but not in Cav 1.3-/- neurons. In contrast, when bicuculline led to long-lasting, seizure-like discharge events rather than PDS, these were prolonged in Cav 1.3-/- neurons but not in Cav 1.2DHP-/- neurons. Because only the Cav 1.2 isoform is functionally coupled to CAN channels in primary hippocampal networks, PDS formation does not require CAN channel activity. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that the LTCC requirement of PDS relates primarily to Cav 1.3 channels rather than to Cav 1.2 channels and CAN channels in hippocampal neurons. Hence, Cav 1.3 may represent a new therapeutic target for suppression of PDS development. The proposed epileptogenic role of PDSs may allow for a prophylactic rather than the unsuccessful seizure suppressing application of LTCC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stiglbauer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Hotka
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Ruiß
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that TRPC channels play critical roles in various aspects of epileptogenesis. TRPC1/4 channels are major contributors to nonsynaptically derived epileptiform burst firing in the CA1 and the lateral septum. TRPC7 channels play a critical role in synaptically derived epileptiform burst firing. The reduction of spontaneous epileptiform bursting in the CA3 is correlated to a reduction in pilocarpine-induced SE in vivo in TRPC7 knockout mice. TRPC channels are also significant contributors to SE-induced neuronal cell death. Although the pilocarpine-induced SE itself is not significantly reduced, the SE-induced neuronal cell death is significantly reduced in the CA1 and the lateral septum, indicating that TRPC1/4 channels directly contribute to SE-induced neuronal cell death. Genetic ablation of TRPC5 also reduces SE-induced neuronal cell death in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus.
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28
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Phelan KD, Shwe UT, Cozart MA, Wu H, Mock MM, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L, Zheng F. TRPC3 channels play a critical role in the theta component of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice. Epilepsia 2016; 58:247-254. [PMID: 28012173 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels constitute a family of cation channels that exhibit a regional and cell-specific expression pattern throughout the brain. It has been reported previously that TRPC3 channels are effectors of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/trkB signaling pathway. Given the long postulated role of BDNF in epileptogenesis, TRPC3 channels may be a critical component in the underlying pathophysiology of seizure and epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the precise role of TRPC3 channels in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). METHODS The role of TRPC3 channels was investigated using TRPC3 knockout (KO) mice and TRPC3-selective inhibitor Pyr3. Video and electroencephalography (EEG) recording of pilocarpine-induced seizures were performed. RESULTS We found that genetic ablation of TRPC3 channels reduces behavioral manifestations of seizures and the root-mean-square (RMS) power of SE, indicating a significant contribution of TRPC3 channels to pilocarpine-induced SE. Furthermore, the reduction in SE in TRPC3KO mice is caused by a selective attenuation of pilocarpine-induced theta activity, which dominates both the preictal phase and SE phase. Pyr3 also caused a reduction in the overall RMS power of pilocarpine-induced SE and a selective reduction in the theta activity during SE. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that TRPC3 channels unequivocally contribute to pilocarpine-induced SE and could be a novel molecular target for new anticonvulsive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - U Thaung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Michael A Cozart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Matthew M Mock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
| | - Joel Abramowitz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A
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29
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Chen X, Li W, Riley AM, Soliman M, Chakraborty S, Stamatkin CW, Obukhov AG. Molecular Determinants of the Sensitivity to Gq/11-Phospholipase C-dependent Gating, Gd3+ Potentiation, and Ca2+ Permeability in the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Type 5 (TRPC5) Channel. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:898-911. [PMID: 27920205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical type 5 (TRPC5) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is highly expressed in the brain and is implicated in motor coordination, innate fear behavior, and seizure genesis. The channel is activated by a signal downstream of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-Gq/11-phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. In this study we aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating TRPC5 activity. We report that Arg-593, a residue located in the E4 loop near the TRPC5 extracellular Gd3+ binding site, is critical for conferring the sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC-dependent gating on TRPC5. Indeed, guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) and GPCR agonists only weakly activate the TRPC5R593A mutant, whereas the addition of Gd3+ rescues the mutant's sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC-dependent gating. Computer modeling suggests that Arg-593 may cross-bridge the E3 and E4 loops, forming the "molecular fulcrum." While validating the model using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that the Tyr-542 residue is critical for establishing a functional Gd3+ binding site, the Tyr-541 residue participates in fine-tuning Gd3+-sensitivity, and that the Asn-584 residue determines Ca2+ permeability of the TRPC5 channel. This is the first report providing molecular insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC-dependent gating of a receptor-operated channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Wennan Li
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Ashley M Riley
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mario Soliman
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Christopher W Stamatkin
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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30
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Gebhardt C, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Hadler MD, Harteneck C, Albrecht D. A novel form of capsaicin-modified amygdala LTD mediated by TRPM1. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 136:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Gaunt HJ, Vasudev NS, Beech DJ. Transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins as targets in cancer therapeutics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:611-620. [PMID: 27289383 PMCID: PMC5045487 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches towards cancer therapy are urgently needed. One approach might be to target ion channels mediating Ca2+ entry because of the critical roles played by Ca2+ in many cell types, including cancer cells. There are several types of these ion channels, but here we address those formed by assembly of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, particularly those which involve two closely related members of the family: TRPC4 and TRPC5. We focus on these proteins because recent studies point to roles in important aspects of cancer: drug resistance, transmission of drug resistance through extracellular vesicles, tumour vascularisation, and evoked cancer cell death by the TRPC4/5 channel activator (−)-englerin A. We conclude that further research is both justified and necessary before these proteins can be considered as strong targets for anti-cancer cell drug discovery programmes. It is nevertheless already apparent that inhibitors of the channels would be unlikely to cause significant adverse effects, but, rather, have other effects which may be beneficial in the context of cancer and chemotherapy, potentially including suppression of innate fear, visceral pain and pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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