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Johnson D, Colijn S, Richee J, Yano J, Burns M, Davis AE, Pham VN, Saric A, Jain A, Yin Y, Castranova D, Melani M, Fujita M, Grainger S, Bonifacino JS, Weinstein BM, Stratman AN. Regulation of angiogenesis by endocytic trafficking mediated by cytoplasmic dynein 1 light intermediate chain 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587559. [PMID: 38903077 PMCID: PMC11188074 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1, DYNC1LI1) is a core subunit of the dynein motor complex. The LIC1 subunit also interacts with various cargo adaptors to regulate Rab-mediated endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation. Defects in this gene are predicted to alter dynein motor function, Rab binding capabilities, and cytoplasmic cargo trafficking. Here, we have identified a dync1li1 zebrafish mutant, harboring a premature stop codon at the exon 12/13 splice acceptor site, that displays increased angiogenesis. In vitro, LIC1-deficient human endothelial cells display increases in cell surface levels of the pro-angiogenic receptor VEGFR2, SRC phosphorylation, and Rab11-mediated endosomal recycling. In vivo, endothelial-specific expression of constitutively active Rab11a leads to excessive angiogenesis, similar to the dync1li1 mutants. Increased angiogenesis is also evident in zebrafish harboring mutations in rilpl1/2, the adaptor proteins that promote Rab docking to Lic1 to mediate lysosomal targeting. These findings suggest that LIC1 and the Rab-adaptor proteins RILPL1 and 2 restrict angiogenesis by promoting degradation of VEGFR2-containing recycling endosomes. Disruption of LIC1- and RILPL1/2-mediated lysosomal targeting increases Rab11-mediated recycling endosome activity, promoting excessive SRC signaling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymonn Johnson
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah Colijn
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jahmiera Richee
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joseph Yano
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Margaret Burns
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Andrew E. Davis
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Van N. Pham
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amra Saric
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Akansha Jain
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Ying Yin
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mariana Melani
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento De Fisiología, Biología Molecular Y Celular, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Misato Fujita
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
- Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Sarabipour S, Kinghorn K, Quigley KM, Kovacs-Kasa A, Annex BH, Bautch VL, Mac Gabhann F. Trafficking dynamics of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and NRP1 in human endothelial cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011798. [PMID: 38324585 PMCID: PMC10878527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines are key drivers of blood vessel growth and remodeling. These ligands act via multiple VEGF receptors (VEGFR) and co-receptors such as Neuropilin (NRP) expressed on endothelial cells. These membrane-associated receptors are not solely expressed on the cell surface, they move between the surface and intracellular locations, where they can function differently. The location of the receptor alters its ability to 'see' (access and bind to) its ligands, which regulates receptor activation; location also alters receptor exposure to subcellularly localized phosphatases, which regulates its deactivation. Thus, receptors in different subcellular locations initiate different signaling, both in terms of quantity and quality. Similarly, the local levels of co-expression of other receptors alters competition for ligands. Subcellular localization is controlled by intracellular trafficking processes, which thus control VEGFR activity; therefore, to understand VEGFR activity, we must understand receptor trafficking. Here, for the first time, we simultaneously quantify the trafficking of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and NRP1 on the same cells-specifically human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We build a computational model describing the expression, interaction, and trafficking of these receptors, and use it to simulate cell culture experiments. We use new quantitative experimental data to parameterize the model, which then provides mechanistic insight into the trafficking and localization of this receptor network. We show that VEGFR2 and NRP1 trafficking is not the same on HUVECs as on non-human ECs; and we show that VEGFR1 trafficking is not the same as VEGFR2 trafficking, but rather is faster in both internalization and recycling. As a consequence, the VEGF receptors are not evenly distributed between the cell surface and intracellular locations, with a very low percentage of VEGFR1 being on the cell surface, and high levels of NRP1 on the cell surface. Our findings have implications both for the sensing of extracellular ligands and for the composition of signaling complexes at the cell surface versus inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Quigley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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3
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Kinghorn K, Gill A, Marvin A, Li R, Quigley K, Singh S, Gore MT, le Noble F, Gabhann FM, Bautch VL. A defined clathrin-mediated trafficking pathway regulates sFLT1/VEGFR1 secretion from endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:67-89. [PMID: 37695358 PMCID: PMC10881643 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
FLT1/VEGFR1 negatively regulates VEGF-A signaling and is required for proper vessel morphogenesis during vascular development and vessel homeostasis. Although a soluble isoform, sFLT1, is often mis-regulated in disease and aging, how sFLT1 is trafficked and secreted from endothelial cells is not well understood. Here we define requirements for constitutive sFLT1 trafficking and secretion in endothelial cells from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and we show that sFLT1 secretion requires clathrin at or near the Golgi. Perturbations that affect sFLT1 trafficking blunted endothelial cell secretion and promoted intracellular mis-localization in cells and zebrafish embryos. siRNA-mediated depletion of specific trafficking components revealed requirements for RAB27A, VAMP3, and STX3 for post-Golgi vesicle trafficking and sFLT1 secretion, while STX6, ARF1, and AP1 were required at the Golgi. Live-imaging of temporally controlled sFLT1 release from the endoplasmic reticulum showed clathrin-dependent sFLT1 trafficking at the Golgi into secretory vesicles that then trafficked to the plasma membrane. Depletion of STX6 altered vessel sprouting in 3D, suggesting that endothelial cell sFLT1 secretion influences proper vessel sprouting. Thus, specific trafficking components provide a secretory path from the Golgi to the plasma membrane for sFLT1 in endothelial cells that utilizes a specialized clathrin-dependent intermediate, suggesting novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Renee Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Simcha Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 3280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Safieh M, Liraz O, Ovadia M, Michaelson D. The Role of Impaired Receptor Trafficking in Mediating the Pathological Effects of APOE4 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:753-775. [PMID: 38217595 PMCID: PMC10894586 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor of Alzheimer's disease. Several studies suggest that APOE4 binding to its receptors is associated with their internalization and accumulation in intracellular compartments. Importantly, this phenomenon also occurs with other, non-ApoE receptors. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that APOE4 pathological effects are mediated by impairment in the life cycle of distinct receptors (APOER2, LRP1, IR, VEGFR). OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of APOE genotype on receptors protein levels and compartmentalization. METHODS Primary mouse neurons were prepared from APOE3 or APOE4 targeted replacement mice, or APOE-KO mice. Specific receptors protein levels were evaluated in these neurons, utilizing immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, surface membrane protein levels of those receptors were assessed by cell surface biotinylation assay and ELISA. Receptors' colocalization with intracellular compartments was assessed by double staining and confocal microscopy, followed by colocalization analysis. Finally, LRP1 or APOER2 were knocked-down with CRISPR/Cas9 system to examine their role in mediating APOE4 effects on the receptors. RESULTS Our results revealed lower receptors' levels in APOE4, specifically on the membrane surface. Additionally, APOE4 affects the compartmentation of these receptors in two patterns: the first was observed with LRP1 and was associated with decreased receptor levels in numerous intracellular compartments. The second was obtained with the other receptors and was associated with their accumulation in early endosomes and their decrease in the late endosomes. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a unifying mechanism, in which APOE4 drives the down regulation of various receptors, which plays important roles in distinct APOE4 related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Safieh
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Liraz
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Ovadia
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danny Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Shirbhate E, Singh V, Mishra A, Jahoriya V, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. Targeting Lysosomes: A Strategy Against Chemoresistance in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1449-1468. [PMID: 38343053 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575287242240129120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the major method of treatment for many types of cancer. Curative cancer therapy is hampered significantly by medication resistance. Acidic organelles like lysosomes serve as protagonists in cellular digestion. Lysosomes, however, are gaining popularity due to their speeding involvement in cancer progression and resistance. For instance, weak chemotherapeutic drugs of basic nature permeate through the lysosomal membrane and are retained in lysosomes in their cationic state, while extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes induces cancer, cytosolic escape of lysosomal hydrolases causes apoptosis, and so on. Drug availability at the sites of action is decreased due to lysosomal drug sequestration, which also enhances cancer resistance. This review looks at lysosomal drug sequestration mechanisms and how they affect cancer treatment resistance. Using lysosomes as subcellular targets to combat drug resistance and reverse drug sequestration is another method for overcoming drug resistance that is covered in this article. The present review has identified lysosomal drug sequestration as one of the reasons behind chemoresistance. The article delves deeper into specific aspects of lysosomal sequestration, providing nuanced insights, critical evaluations, or novel interpretations of different approaches that target lysosomes to defect cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Varsha Jahoriya
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- UAMS College of Pharmacy; UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, (AR) USA
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
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6
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Abd Elhameed AA, Ali AR, Ghabbour HA, Bayomi SM, El-Gohary NS. Design, synthesis, and antitumor screening of new thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1664-1698. [PMID: 37661648 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
New thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives 3-12 and 14a-f were synthesized. The newly synthesized analogs were tested for in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, HeP-2, and Hela cancer cells. Results indicated that compound 5 displayed the highest potency toward the tested cancer cells. Compound 11b possessed enhanced effectiveness over MCF-7, HepG2, HCT-116, and Hela cancer cells. In addition, compounds 4 and 6 showed promising activity toward HCT-116, MCF-7, and Hela cancer cells and eminent activity against HepG2 and HeP-2 cells. Moreover, compounds 3-6 and 11b were tested for their capability to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activity. The obtained results showed that compound 5 displayed significant inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 0.044 μM) comparable to sunitinib (IC50 = 0.100 μM). Also, the synthesized compounds 3-6 and 11b were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity tests over WI38 and WISH normal cells. It was found that the five tested compounds displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity than doxorubicin toward normal cell lines. Cell cycle analysis proved that compound 5 induces cell cycle arrest in the S phase for HCT-116 and Hela cancer cell lines and in the G2/M phase for the MCF-7 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 5 induced cancer cell death through apoptosis accompanied by a high ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the screened cancer cells. Furthermore, docking results revealed that compound 5 showed the essential interaction bonds with VEGFR-2, which agreed with in vitro enzyme assay results. In silico studies showed that most of the analyzed compounds complied with the requirements of good oral bioavailability with minimal toxicity threats in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Abd Elhameed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Said M Bayomi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nadia S El-Gohary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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7
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Wu W, Xia X, Tang L, Luo J, Xiong S, Ma G, Lei H. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a therapeutic target in angiogenic disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109646. [PMID: 37716399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipids that control multitudinous intracellular cell signaling events which participate in cell survival and proliferation. In addition, PI3K signaling also contributes to metabolism, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and many diseases. The diverse actions of PI3K stem from the existence of their various isoforms and a variety of protein effectors. Hence, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors have already achieved a wonderful effect on treating cancer. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism of PI3K inhibitors in preventing the permeability of vessels and neovascularization. Additionally, we briefly illustrate how PI3K signaling modulates blood vessel growth and discuss the different roles that PI3K isoforms play in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Critchley WR, Smith GA, Zachary IC, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2D1 and UBE2D2 regulate VEGFR2 dynamics and endothelial function. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260657. [PMID: 37226882 PMCID: PMC10234107 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, encoded by KDR) regulates endothelial function and angiogenesis. VEGFR2 undergoes ubiquitination that programs this receptor for trafficking and proteolysis, but the ubiquitin-modifying enzymes involved are ill-defined. Herein, we used a reverse genetics screen for the human E2 family of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to identify gene products that regulate VEGFR2 ubiquitination and proteolysis. We found that depletion of either UBE2D1 or UBE2D2 in endothelial cells caused a rise in steady-state VEGFR2 levels. This rise in plasma membrane VEGFR2 levels impacted on VEGF-A-stimulated signalling, with increased activation of canonical MAPK, phospholipase Cγ1 and Akt pathways. Analysis of biosynthetic VEGFR2 is consistent with a role for UBE2D enzymes in influencing plasma membrane VEGFR2 levels. Cell-surface-specific biotinylation and recycling studies showed an increase in VEGFR2 recycling to the plasma membrane upon reduction in UBE2D levels. Depletion of either UBE2D1 or UBE2D2 stimulated endothelial tubulogenesis, which is consistent with increased VEGFR2 plasma membrane levels promoting the cellular response to exogenous VEGF-A. Our studies identify a key role for UBE2D1 and UBE2D2 in regulating VEGFR2 function in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Critchley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gina A. Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian C. Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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9
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Kinghorn K, Gill A, Marvin A, Li R, Quigley K, le Noble F, Mac Gabhann F, Bautch VL. A defined clathrin-mediated trafficking pathway regulates sFLT1/VEGFR1 secretion from endothelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525517. [PMID: 36747809 PMCID: PMC9900880 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
FLT1/VEGFR1 negatively regulates VEGF-A signaling and is required for proper vessel morphogenesis during vascular development and vessel homeostasis. Although a soluble isoform, sFLT1, is often mis-regulated in disease and aging, how sFLT1 is trafficked and secreted from endothelial cells is not well understood. Here we define requirements for constitutive sFLT1 trafficking and secretion in endothelial cells from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and we show that sFLT1 secretion requires clathrin at or near the Golgi. Perturbations that affect sFLT1 trafficking blunted endothelial cell secretion and promoted intracellular mis-localization in cells and zebrafish embryos. siRNA-mediated depletion of specific trafficking components revealed requirements for RAB27A, VAMP3, and STX3 for post-Golgi vesicle trafficking and sFLT1 secretion, while STX6, ARF1, and AP1 were required at the Golgi. Depletion of STX6 altered vessel sprouting in a 3D angiogenesis model, indicating that endothelial cell sFLT1 secretion is important for proper vessel sprouting. Thus, specific trafficking components provide a secretory path from the Golgi to the plasma membrane for sFLT1 in endothelial cells that utilizes a specialized clathrin-dependent intermediate, suggesting novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Amy Gill
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Renee Li
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC USA
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10
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Ouyang Q, Hu S, Chen Q, Xin S, He Z, Hu J, Hu B, He H, Liu H, Li L, Wang J. Role of SNPs located in the exon 9 of ATAPA1 gene on goose egg production. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102488. [PMID: 36774712 PMCID: PMC9943896 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The meat and egg of goose is one of the main components of human food supply. The improvement of goose egg production is particularly important for the increasing human population. However, limited information is available about the effective molecular markers and mechanisms of egg production in goose. In this study, we jointly utilized the data of genome resequencing in different egg production Sichuan white goose and transcriptome at different follicle development stages to identified the molecular markers and mechanisms of egg production. The coefficient of variation of individual egg production in Sichuan white goose population is 0.42 to 0.49. Fifty individuals with the highest (laying 365 days egg number, LEN365 = 79-145) and 50 individuals with the lowest (LEN365 = 8-48) egg production were divided into high and low egg production groups. Based on whole-genome sequencing data of the selected samples, 36 SNPs (annotation novel.12.470, CELF2, ATP1A1, KCNJ6, RAB4A, UST, REV3L, DHX15, CAVN2, SLC5A9, Cldn5, MRPS23, and Tspan2) associated with the LEN365 were identified, involving multiple pathways such as metabolism and endocrinology. Notably, 5 SNPs located in the exon9 of ATP1A1 were identified by GWAS analysis. The association analysis with LEN365 showed the phenotypic variance explained of this haplotype consisting of 5 SNPs is 20.51%. Through transcriptome data analysis, we found the expression of ATP1A1 in the granular layers was increased in the stage of small yellow follicle to large yellow follicle (LYF) and LYF to F5, while decreased in F2 to F1. For the first time, we report the haplotype region formed by 5 SNPS on exon9 of ATP1A1 is associated with egg production in goose and involved in follicle selection and maturation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Qingliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Hua He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. China.
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11
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Yan D, Cui D, Zhu Y, Chan CKW, Choi CHJ, Liu T, Lee NP, Law S, Tsao SW, Ma S, Cheung ALM. M6PR- and EphB4-Rich Exosomes Secreted by Serglycin-Overexpressing Esophageal Cancer Cells Promote Cancer Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:625-640. [PMID: 36632458 PMCID: PMC9830512 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that exosomes participate in cancer progression. However, the functions of cancer cell exosome-transmitted proteins are rarely studied. Previously, we reported that serglycin (SRGN) overexpression promotes invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Here, we investigated the paracrine effects of exosomes from SRGN-overexpressing ESCC cells (SRGN Exo) on ESCC cell invasion and tumor angiogenesis, and used mass spectrometry to identify exosomal proteins involved. Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) and ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EphB4) were pronouncedly upregulated in SRGN Exo. Upregulated exosomal M6PR mediated the pro-angiogenic effects of SRGN Exo both in vitro and in vivo, while augmented exosomal EphB4 mediated the pro-invasive effect of SRGN Exo on ESCC cells in vitro. In addition, in vitro studies showed that manipulation of M6PR expression affected the viability and migration of ESCC cells. Both M6PR and EphB4 expression levels were positively correlated with that of SRGN in the serum of patients with ESCC. High level of serum M6PR was associated with poor overall survival rates. Taken together, this study presents the first proof that exosomal M6PR and EphB4 play essential roles in tumor angiogenesis and malignancy, and that serum M6PR is a novel prognostic marker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cecilia Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Tengfei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nikki P.Y. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Annie Lai Man Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Annie L.M. Cheung, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China. Phone: 852-3917-9293; Fax: 852-2817-0857; E-mail:
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12
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Small GTPases and Their Regulators: A Leading Road toward Blood Vessel Development in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094991. [PMID: 35563380 PMCID: PMC9099977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Ras superfamily have been found to perform several functions leading to the development of eukaryotes. These small GTPases are divided into five major subfamilies, and their regulators can “turn on” and “turn off” signals. Recent studies have shown that this superfamily of proteins has various roles in the process of vascular development, such as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the role of these subfamilies in the development of the vascular system in zebrafish.
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13
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Francis CR, Kushner EJ. Trafficking in blood vessel development. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:291-305. [PMID: 35449244 PMCID: PMC9249721 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels demonstrate a multitude of complex signaling programs that work in concert to produce functional vasculature networks during development. A known, but less widely studied, area of endothelial cell regulation is vesicular trafficking, also termed sorting. After moving through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are shuttled to organelles, plugged into membranes, recycled, or degraded depending on the internal and extrinsic cues. A snapshot of these protein-sorting systems can be viewed as a trafficking signature that is not only unique to endothelial tissue, but critically important for blood vessel form and function. In this review, we will cover how vesicular trafficking impacts various aspects of angiogenesis, such as sprouting, lumen formation, vessel stabilization, and secretion, emphasizing the role of Rab GTPase family members and their various effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
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14
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Esmaeili-Fard SM, Gholizadeh M, Hafezian SH, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R. Genome-wide association study and pathway analysis identify NTRK2 as a novel candidate gene for litter size in sheep. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244408. [PMID: 33481819 PMCID: PMC7822323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Litter size is one of the most important economic traits in sheep. Identification of gene variants that are associated with the prolificacy rate is an important step in breeding program success and profitability of the farm. So, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in litter size in Iranian Baluchi sheep, a two-step genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed. GWAS was conducted using genotype data from 91 Baluchi sheep. Estimated breeding values (EBVs) for litter size calculated for 3848 ewes and then used as the response variable. Besides, a pathway analysis using GO and KEGG databases were applied as a complementary approach. A total of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with litter size were identified, one each on OAR2, OAR10, and OAR25. The SNP on OAR2 is located within a novel putative candidate gene, Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2. This gene product works as a receptor which is essential for follicular assembly, early follicular growth, and oocyte survival. The SNP on OAR25 is located within RAB4A which is involved in blood vessel formation and proliferation through angiogenesis. The SNP on OAR10 was not associated with any gene in the 1Mb span. Moreover, gene-set analysis using the KEGG database identified several pathways, such as Ovarian steroidogenesis, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Calcium signaling pathway, and Chemokine signaling. Also, pathway analysis using the GO database revealed several functional terms, such as cellular carbohydrate metabolic, biological adhesion, cell adhesion, cell junction, and cell-cell adherens junction, among others. This is the first study that reports the NTRK2 gene affecting litter size in sheep and our study of this gene functions showed that this gene could be a good candidate for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Esmaeili-Fard
- Department of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohsen Gholizadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hasan Hafezian
- Department of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
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15
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Zabroski IO, Nugent MA. Lipid Raft Association Stabilizes VEGF Receptor 2 in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020798. [PMID: 33466887 PMCID: PMC7830256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) stimulates angiogenic signaling. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-dense regions of the plasma membrane that serve as an organizational platform for biomolecules. Although VEGFR2 has been shown to colocalize with lipid rafts to regulate its activation, the effect of lipid rafts on non-activated VEGFR2 has not been explored. Here, we characterized the involvement of lipid rafts in modulating the stability of non-activated VEGFR2 in endothelial cells using raft disrupting agents: methyl-β-cyclodextrin, sphingomyelinase and simvastatin. Disrupting lipid rafts selectively decreased the levels of non-activated VEGFR2 as a result of increased lysosomal degradation. The decreased expression of VEGFR2 translated to reduced VEGF-activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK). Overall, our results indicate that lipid rafts stabilize VEGFR2 and its associated signal transduction activities required for angiogenesis. Thus, modulation of lipid rafts may provide a means to regulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells to VEGF stimulation. Indeed, the ability of simvastatin to down regulate VEGFR2 and inhibit VEGF activity suggest a potential mechanism underlying the observation that this drug improves outcomes in the treatment of certain cancers.
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16
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Tanaka M, Nakamura S, Maekawa M, Higashiyama S, Hara H. ANKFY1 is essential for retinal endothelial cell proliferation and migration via VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1406-1412. [PMID: 33092793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration are hallmarks of angiogenic diseases. Among them, excessive ocular angiogenesis is a major cause of blindness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling plays crucial roles in angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Here, we showed that ankyrin repeat and FYVE domain containing 1 (ANKFY1), a Rab5-GTP-interacting protein, is required for retinal endothelial cell proliferation and migration. ANKFY1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell growth of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) in the presence or absence of VEGF. HRMEC migration was also inhibited by depletion of ANKFY1. Western blot analysis showed that ANKFY1 knockdown reduced cell surface VEGFR2 level. In contrast, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that ANKFY1 knockdown had no effect on VEGFR2 mRNA levels. We also found that the attenuation of the protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Akt/eNOS) pathway in ANKFY1 knockdown HRMECs. In conclusion, our findings revealed novel functions of ANKFY1 in cell growth and migration of retinal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruto Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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17
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Tang T, Yang ZY, Wang D, Yang XY, Wang J, Li L, Wen Q, Gao L, Bian XW, Yu SC. The role of lysosomes in cancer development and progression. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:131. [PMID: 33292489 PMCID: PMC7677787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. This study briefly reviews the above information and explores the potential value of lysosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian-Yan Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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18
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Regulation of CXCR6 Expression on Adipocytes and Osteoblasts Differentiated from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8870133. [PMID: 32922452 PMCID: PMC7453243 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8870133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (hADMSCs) are a desirable candidate in regenerative medicine. hADMSCs secrete growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines and also express various receptors that are important in cell activation, differentiation, and migration to injured tissue. We showed that the expression level of chemokine receptor CXCR6 was significantly increased by ~2.5-fold in adipogenic-differentiated cells (Ad), but not in osteogenic-differentiated cells (Os) when compared with hADMSCs. However, regulation of CXCR6 expression on hADMSCs by using lentiviral particles did not affect the differentiation potential of hADMSCs. Increased expression of CXCR6 on Ad was mediated by both receptor recycling, which was in turn regulated by secretion of CXCL16, and de novo synthesis. The level of soluble CXCL16 was highly increased in both Ad and Os in particular, which inversely correlates with the expression on a transmembrane-bound form of CXCL16 that is cleaved by disintegrin and metalloproteinase. We concluded that the expression of CXCR6 is regulated by receptor degradation or recycling when it is internalized by interaction with CXCL16 and by de novo synthesis of CXCR6. Overall, our study may provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of the CXCR6 reciprocally expressed on differentiated cells from hADMSCs.
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19
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Wang H, Han X, Xu J. Lysosome as the Black Hole for Checkpoint Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:325-346. [PMID: 32185717 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes, as digestive organelles full of hydrolases, have complex functions and play an important role in cellular physiological and pathological processes. In normal physiological conditions, lysosomes can sense the nutritional state and be responsible for recycling raw materials to provide nutrients, affecting cell signaling pathways and regulating cell proliferation. Lysosomes are related to many diseases and associated with metastasis and drug resistance of tumors. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the tumor immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Accumulating data suggest that lysosomes may serve as a major destruction for immune checkpoint molecules, and secretory lysosomes can temporarily store immune checkpoint proteins. Once activated, the compounds contained in secretory lysosomes are released to the surface of cell membrane rapidly. Inhibitions of lysosomes can overcome the chemoresistance of some tumors and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Wang
- School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Han
- Institutes of Biological Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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20
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Peach CJ, Kilpatrick LE, Woolard J, Hill SJ. Comparison of the ligand-binding properties of fluorescent VEGF-A isoforms to VEGF receptor 2 in living cells and membrane preparations using NanoBRET. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3220-3235. [PMID: 31162634 PMCID: PMC6692582 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis. A striking feature of the binding of a fluorescent analogue of VEGF165a to nanoluciferase‐tagged VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in living cells is that the BRET signal is not sustained and declines over time. This may be secondary to receptor internalisation. Here, we have compared the binding of three fluorescent VEGF‐A isoforms to VEGFR2 in cells and isolated membrane preparations. Experimental Approach Ligand‐binding kinetics were monitored in both intact HEK293T cells and membranes (expressing nanoluciferase‐tagged VEGFR2) using BRET between tagged receptor and fluorescent analogues of VEGF165a, VEGF165b, and VEGF121a. VEGFR2 endocytosis in intact cells expressing VEGFR2 was monitored by following the appearance of fluorescent ligand‐associated receptors in intracellular endosomes using automated quantitative imaging. Key Results Quantitative analysis of the effect of fluorescent VEGF‐A isoforms on VEGFR2 endocytosis in cells demonstrated that they produce a rapid and potent translocation of ligand‐bound VEGFR2 into intracellular endosomes. NanoBRET can be used to monitor the kinetics of the binding of fluorescent VEGF‐A isoforms to VEGFR2. In isolated membrane preparations, ligand‐binding association curves were maintained for the duration of the 90‐min experiment. Measurement of the koff at pH 6.0 in membrane preparations indicated shorter ligand residence times than those obtained at pH 7.4. Conclusions and Implications These studies suggest that rapid VEGF‐A isoform‐induced receptor endocytosis shortens agonist residence times on the receptor (1/koff) as VEGFR2 moves from the plasma membrane to the intracellular endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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21
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Dong H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Gan X, Luo Y, Li R. The protective role of intermedin in promoting angiogenesis during renal fibrosis. Gene 2019; 688:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Izumi H, Li Y, Shibaki M, Mori D, Yasunami M, Sato S, Matsunaga H, Mae T, Kodama K, Kamijo T, Kaneko Y, Nakagawara A. Recycling endosomal CD133 functions as an inhibitor of autophagy at the pericentrosomal region. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2236. [PMID: 30783186 PMCID: PMC6381095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD133 is a transmembranous protein that mainly localises to the plasma membrane in haematopoietic and neural stem cells as well as cancer stem cells. Although CD133 also localises to the cytoplasm, the mechanism of action and function of cytoplasmic CD133 currently remain unknown. We herein demonstrated that when Src family kinase activity is weak, CD133 interacts with HDAC6 and is transported to the pericentrosomal region after internalization and endosome formation via the dynein-based traffic system. Pericentrosomal CD133 is then recycled to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes. At the pericentrosomal region, endosomal CD133 captures GABARAP, an initiator of autophagy, and inhibits GABARAP-mediated ULK1 activation and the subsequent initiation of autophagy. Furthermore, pericentrosomal CD133 suppresses cell differentiation, such as primary cilium formation and neurite outgrowth, by inhibiting autophagy. Thus, the present results provide evidence to suggest that pericentrosomal CD133 has the unique property of maintaining the undifferentiated status of cells by inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan
| | - Masami Shibaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, Japan
| | - Michio Yasunami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan
| | | | - Takao Mae
- Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan
| | - Kenji Kodama
- Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Saga Medical Center KOSEIKAN, Saga, 840-8571, Japan.,Saga HIMAT, Tosu, 841-0071, Japan
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23
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Doronzo G, Astanina E, Corà D, Chiabotto G, Comunanza V, Noghero A, Neri F, Puliafito A, Primo L, Spampanato C, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Camussi G, Oliviero S, Bussolino F. TFEB controls vascular development by regulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798250. [PMID: 30591554 PMCID: PMC6356157 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFEB is thought to control cellular functions—including in the vascular bed—primarily via regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux. Here, we report that TFEB also orchestrates a non‐canonical program that controls the cell cycle/VEGFR2 pathway in the developing vasculature. In endothelial cells, TFEB depletion halts proliferation at the G1‐S transition by inhibiting the CDK4/Rb pathway. TFEB‐deficient cells attempt to compensate for this limitation by increasing VEGFR2 levels at the plasma membrane via microRNA‐mediated mechanisms and controlled membrane trafficking. TFEB stimulates expression of the miR‐15a/16‐1 cluster, which limits VEGFR2 transcript stability and negatively modulates expression of MYO1C, a regulator of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface. Altered levels of miR‐15a/16‐1 and MYO1C in TFEB‐depleted cells cause increased expression of plasma membrane VEGFR2, but in a manner associated with low signaling strength. An endothelium‐specific Tfeb‐knockout mouse model displays defects in fetal and newborn mouse vasculature caused by reduced endothelial proliferation and by anomalous function of the VEGFR2 pathway. These previously unrecognized functions of TFEB expand its role beyond regulation of the autophagic pathway in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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24
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Peach CJ, Mignone VW, Arruda MA, Alcobia DC, Hill SJ, Kilpatrick LE, Woolard J. Molecular Pharmacology of VEGF-A Isoforms: Binding and Signalling at VEGFR2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1264. [PMID: 29690653 PMCID: PMC5979509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, signalling via the class IV tyrosine kinase receptor family of VEGF Receptors (VEGFRs). Although VEGF-A ligands bind to both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, they primarily signal via VEGFR2 leading to endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and vascular permeability. Distinct VEGF-A isoforms result from alternative splicing of the Vegfa gene at exon 8, resulting in VEGFxxxa or VEGFxxxb isoforms. Alternative splicing events at exons 5⁻7, in addition to recently identified posttranslational read-through events, produce VEGF-A isoforms that differ in their bioavailability and interaction with the co-receptor Neuropilin-1. This review explores the molecular pharmacology of VEGF-A isoforms at VEGFR2 in respect to ligand binding and downstream signalling. To understand how VEGF-A isoforms have distinct signalling despite similar affinities for VEGFR2, this review re-evaluates the typical classification of these isoforms relative to the prototypical, “pro-angiogenic” VEGF165a. We also examine the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of VEGF-A isoform signalling and the importance of interactions with other membrane and extracellular matrix proteins. As approved therapeutics targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR signalling axis largely lack long-term efficacy, understanding these isoform-specific mechanisms could aid future drug discovery efforts targeting VEGF receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Viviane W Mignone
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Maria Augusta Arruda
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Diana C Alcobia
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
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25
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Critchley WR, Pellet-Many C, Ringham-Terry B, Harrison MA, Zachary IC, Ponnambalam S. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ubiquitination and De-Ubiquitination in Signal Transduction and Receptor Trafficking. Cells 2018; 7:E22. [PMID: 29543760 PMCID: PMC5870354 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane-based sensors that enable rapid communication between cells and their environment. Evidence is now emerging that interdependent regulatory mechanisms, such as membrane trafficking, ubiquitination, proteolysis and gene expression, have substantial effects on RTK signal transduction and cellular responses. Different RTKs exhibit both basal and ligand-stimulated ubiquitination, linked to trafficking through different intracellular compartments including the secretory pathway, plasma membrane, endosomes and lysosomes. The ubiquitin ligase superfamily comprising the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes are increasingly implicated in this post-translational modification by adding mono- and polyubiquitin tags to RTKs. Conversely, removal of these ubiquitin tags by proteases called de-ubiquitinases (DUBs) enables RTK recycling for another round of ligand sensing and signal transduction. The endocytosis of basal and activated RTKs from the plasma membrane is closely linked to controlled proteolysis after trafficking and delivery to late endosomes and lysosomes. Proteolytic RTK fragments can also have the capacity to move to compartments such as the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Such mechanistic diversity now provides new opportunities for modulating RTK-regulated cellular responses in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Caroline Pellet-Many
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Benjamin Ringham-Terry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | | | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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26
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Eriocalyxin B, a natural diterpenoid, inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis and diminished angiogenesis-dependent breast tumor growth by suppressing VEGFR-2 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82820-82835. [PMID: 27756875 PMCID: PMC5347735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the plant Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. The effects of EriB on angiogenesis were explored in the present study. Here we demonstrated that the subintestinal vein formation was significantly inhibited by EriB treatment (10, 15 μM) in zebrafish embryos, which was resulted from the alteration of various angiogenic genes as shown in transcriptome profiling. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, EriB treatment (50, 100 nM) could significantly block vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation, tube formation, cell migration and cell invasion. Furthermore, EriB also caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest which was correlated with the down-regulation of the cyclin D1 and CDK4 leading to the inhibition of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein expression. Investigation of the signal transduction revealed that EriB inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 via the interaction with the ATP-binding sites according to the molecular docking simulations. The suppression of VEGFR-2 downstream signal transduction cascades was also observed. EriB was showed to inhibit new blood vessel formation in Matrigel plug model and mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. EriB (5 mg/kg/day) treatment was able to decrease tumor vascularization and suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggested that EriB is a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis through modulating VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, which could be developed as a promising anti-angiogenic agent for treatment of angiogenesis-related human diseases, such as cancer.
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27
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Kofler N, Corti F, Rivera-Molina F, Deng Y, Toomre D, Simons M. The Rab-effector protein RABEP2 regulates endosomal trafficking to mediate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2)-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4805-4817. [PMID: 29425100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.812172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a master regulator of endothelial cell function, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activates multiple downstream signaling pathways that are critical for vascular development and normal vessel function. VEGFR2 trafficking through various endosomal compartments modulates its signaling output. Accordingly, proteins that regulate the speed and direction by which VEGFR2 traffics through endosomes have been demonstrated to be particularly important for arteriogenesis. However, little is known about how these proteins control VEGFR2 trafficking and about the implications of this control for endothelial cell function. Here, we show that Rab GTPase-binding effector protein 2 (RABEP2), a Rab-effector protein implicated in arteriogenesis, modulates VEGFR2 trafficking. By employing high-resolution microscopy and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that RABEP2 interacts with the small GTPase Rab4 and regulates VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking to maintain cell-surface expression of VEGFR2 and VEGF signaling. Lack of RABEP2 also led to prolonged retention of VEGFR2 in Rab5-positive sorting endosomes, which increased VEGFR2's exposure to phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1b), causing diminished VEGFR2 signaling. Finally, the loss of RABEP2 increased VEGFR2 degradation by diverting VEGFR2 to Rab7-positive endosomes destined for the lysosome. These results implicate RABEP2 as a key modulator of VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking, and demonstrate the importance of RABEP2 and Rab4 for VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kofler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Federico Corti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Michael Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
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28
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Abdul-Zani I, Wheatcroft SB, Tomlinson DC, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. Ubiquitination of basal VEGFR2 regulates signal transduction and endothelial function. Biol Open 2017; 6:1404-1415. [PMID: 28798148 PMCID: PMC5665470 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors can undergo recycling or proteolysis but the cellular decision-making events that sort between these pathways remain poorly defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) regulate signal transduction and angiogenesis, but how signaling and proteolysis is regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that a pathway requiring the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 controls basal VEGFR2 levels, hence metering plasma membrane receptor availability for the VEGF-A-regulated endothelial cell response. VEGFR2 undergoes VEGF-A-independent constitutive degradation via a UBA1-dependent ubiquitin-linked pathway. Depletion of UBA1 increased VEGFR2 recycling from endosome-to-plasma membrane and decreased proteolysis. Increased membrane receptor availability after UBA1 depletion elevated VEGF-A-stimulated activation of key signaling enzymes such as PLCγ1 and ERK1/2. Although UBA1 depletion caused an overall decrease in endothelial cell proliferation, surviving cells showed greater VEGF-A-stimulated responses such as cell migration and tubulogenesis. Our study now suggests that a ubiquitin-linked pathway regulates the balance between receptor recycling and degradation which in turn impacts on the intensity and duration of VEGF-A-stimulated signal transduction and the endothelial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Li X, Ren X, Liang J, Ma W, Wang Z, Yang Z. Delivery of sodium morrhuate to hemangioma endothelial cells using immunoliposomes conjugated with anti-VEGFR2/KDR antibody. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6963-6972. [PMID: 29033564 PMCID: PMC5614774 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangioma is a common benign tumor affecting infants. In this study, we prepared sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes through encapsulation of sodium morrhuate with liposomes coupled with an anti-VEGFR2/KDR antibody and examined its effect on the biology of human hemangioma endothelial cells (HECs). It was found that compared to the liposomal sodium morrhuate group, treatment with sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes facilitated cell detachment and apoptotic death. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes had a higher binding activity to HECs than liposomal sodium morrhuate. Apoptosis analysis further demonstrated that treatment with liposomal sodium morrhuate or sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes significantly induced apoptosis in HECs, compared to the control group. Western blot analysis revealed an induction of caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels and reduction of caspase-8 and Bcl-2 levels in HECs treated with liposomal sodium morrhuate or sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes. Taken together, these results indicate that sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes have an increased capacity to target HECs and promote mitochondrial apoptosis. Therefore, sodium morrhuate immunoliposomes may represent a promising agent in the treatment of hemangiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangqun Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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30
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Sleightholm R, Yang B, Yu F, Xie Y, Oupický D. Chloroquine-Modified Hydroxyethyl Starch as a Polymeric Drug for Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2247-2257. [PMID: 28708385 PMCID: PMC5996760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a clinically used polysaccharide colloidal plasma volume expander. The goal of this study was to synthesize HES modified with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a novel polymeric drug with the ability to inhibit the invasive character of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. HES was conjugated with HCQ using a simple carbonyldiimidazole coupling to prepare Chloroquine-modified HES (CQ-HES). CQ-HES with various degrees of HCQ substitution were synthesized and characterized. Atomic force microscopy was used to demonstrate a pH-dependent assembly of CQ-HES into well-defined nanoparticles. In vitro studies in multiple PC cell lines showed CQ-HES to have a similar toxicity profile as HCQ. Confocal microscopy revealed the propensity of CQ-HES to localize to lysosomes and mechanistic studies confirmed the ability of CQ-HES to inhibit autophagy in PC cells. Further studies demonstrated a greatly enhanced ability of CQ-HES to inhibit the migration and invasion of PC cells when compared with HCQ. The enhanced inhibitory actions of CQ-HES compared to HCQ appeared to arise in part from the increased inhibition of ERK and Akt phosphorylation. We found no significant HCQ release from CQ-HES, which confirmed that the observed activity was due to the action of CQ-HES as a polymeric drug. Due to its promising ability to block cancer cell invasion and the ability to form nanoparticles, CQ-HES has the potential as a drug delivery platform suitable for future development with chemotherapeutics to establish novel antimetastatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sleightholm
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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31
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Chichger H, Braza J, Duong H, Boni G, Harrington EO. Select Rab GTPases Regulate the Pulmonary Endothelium via Endosomal Trafficking of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:769-81. [PMID: 26551054 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0286oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema occurs in settings of acute lung injury, in diseases, such as pneumonia, and in acute respiratory distress syndrome. The lung interendothelial junctions are maintained in part by vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, and its surface expression is regulated by endocytic trafficking. The Rab family of small GTPases are regulators of endocytic trafficking. The key trafficking pathways are regulated by Rab4, -7, and -9. Rab4 regulates the recycling of endosomes to the cell surface through a rapid-shuttle process, whereas Rab7 and -9 regulate trafficking to the late endosome/lysosome for degradation or from the trans-Golgi network to the late endosome, respectively. We recently demonstrated a role for the endosomal adaptor protein, p18, in regulation of the pulmonary endothelium through enhanced recycling of VE-cadherin to adherens junction. Thus, we hypothesized that Rab4, -7, and -9 regulate pulmonary endothelial barrier function through modulating trafficking of VE-cadherin-positive endosomes. We used Rab mutants with varying activities and associations to the endosome to study endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates a key role for Rab4 activation and Rab9 inhibition in regulation of vascular permeability through enhanced VE-cadherin expression at the interendothelial junction. We further showed that endothelial barrier function mediated through Rab4 is dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and activity. Thus, we demonstrate that Rab4 and -9 regulate VE-cadherin levels at the cell surface to modulate the pulmonary endothelium through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent and -independent pathways, respectively. We propose that regulating select Rab GTPases represents novel therapeutic strategies for patients suffering with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Huetran Duong
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Geraldine Boni
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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32
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Dynamic alterations in decoy VEGF receptor-1 stability regulate angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15699. [PMID: 28589930 PMCID: PMC5467243 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel expansion is driven by sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and is essential for development, wound healing and disease. Membrane-localized vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (mVEGFR1) is an endothelial cell-intrinsic decoy receptor that negatively modulates blood vessel morphogenesis. Here we show that dynamic regulation of mVEGFR1 stability and turnover in blood vessels impacts angiogenesis. mVEGFR1 is highly stable and constitutively internalizes from the plasma membrane. Post-translational palmitoylation of mVEGFR1 is a binary stabilization switch, and ligand engagement leads to depalmitoylation and lysosomal degradation. Trafficking of palmitoylation enzymes via Rab27a regulates mVEGFR1 stability, as reduced levels of Rab27a impaired palmitoylation of mVEGFR1, decreased its stability, and elevated blood vessel sprouting and in vivo angiogenesis. These findings identify a regulatory axis affecting blood vessel morphogenesis that highlights exquisite post-translational regulation of mVEGFR1 in its role as a molecular rheostat.
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Jin Y, Muhl L, Burmakin M, Wang Y, Duchez AC, Betsholtz C, Arthur HM, Jakobsson L. Endoglin prevents vascular malformation by regulating flow-induced cell migration and specification through VEGFR2 signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:639-652. [PMID: 28530660 PMCID: PMC5467724 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the endothelial cell (EC) enriched gene endoglin (ENG) causes the human disease hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia-1, characterized by vascular malformations promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). How ENG deficiency alters EC behaviour to trigger these anomalies is not understood. Mosaic ENG deletion in the postnatal mouse rendered Eng LOF ECs insensitive to flow-mediated venous to arterial migration. Eng LOF ECs retained within arterioles acquired venous characteristics and secondary ENG-independent proliferation resulting in arterio-venous malformation (AVM). Analysis following simultaneous Eng LOF and overexpression (OE) revealed that ENG OE ECs dominate tip cell positions and home preferentially to arteries. ENG knock-down altered VEGFA-mediated VEGFR2 kinetics and promoted AKT signalling. Blockage of PI3K/AKT partly normalised flow-directed migration of ENG LOF ECs in vitro and reduced the severity of AVM in vivo. This demonstrates the requirement of ENG in flow-mediated migration and modulation of VEGFR2 signalling in vascular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Burmakin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Blickagången 6, SE14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Xu Y, Xia J, Liu S, Stein S, Ramon C, Xi H, Wang L, Xiong X, Zhang L, He D, Yang W, Zhao X, Cheng X, Yang X, Wang H. Endocytosis and membrane receptor internalization: implication of F-BAR protein Carom. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1439-1457. [PMID: 28199211 DOI: 10.2741/4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a cellular process mostly responsible for membrane receptor internalization. Cell membrane receptors bind to their ligands and form a complex which can be internalized. We previously proposed that F-BAR protein initiates membrane curvature and mediates endocytosis via its binding partners. However, F-BAR protein partners involved in membrane receptor endocytosis and the regulatory mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we established database mining strategies to explore mechanisms underlying receptor-related endocytosis. We identified 34 endocytic membrane receptors and 10 regulating proteins in clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), a major process of membrane receptor internalization. We found that F-BAR protein FCHSD2 (Carom) may facilitate endocytosis via 9 endocytic partners. Carom is highly expressed, along with highly expressed endocytic membrane receptors and partners, in endothelial cells and macrophages. We established 3 models of Carom-receptor complexes and their intracellular trafficking based on protein interaction and subcellular localization. We conclude that Carom may mediate receptor endocytosis and transport endocytic receptors to the cytoplasm for receptor signaling and lysosome/proteasome degradation, or to the nucleus for RNA processing, gene transcription and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xu
- Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China, and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jixiang Xia
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Suxuan Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140,and Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sam Stein
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Cueto Ramon
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Hang Xi
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China, and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xinyu Xiong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Lixiao Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Dingwen He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - William Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Center Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nan Chang, Jiang Xi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Cardiovascular Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, and Thrombosis Research, Temple University School of Medicine,
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Huang TH, Sun CK, Chen YL, Wang CJ, Yin TC, Lee MS, Yip HK. Shock Wave Enhances Angiogenesis through VEGFR2 Activation and Recycling. Mol Med 2016; 22:850-862. [PMID: 27925633 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low-energy shock wave (SW) is adopted to treat ischemic diseases because of its pro-angiogenic properties, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed at testing whether SW-induced angiogenesis may be through endothelial vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling and trafficking. Phosphorylation of VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS axis and production of nitric oxide (NO) were determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with SW. Carotid artery in ob/ob mice was treated with SW before evaluation with sprouting assay. Critical limb ischemia was induced in ob/ob mice to evaluate blood flow recovery after SW treatment. Tube formation and migration assays were also performed with/without SW treatment in the presence/absence of SU5416 (VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor) and siRNA-driven silencing of VEGFR2. Chloroquine was used for disrupting endosome, and Rab11a controlling slow endocytic recycling was silenced with siRNA in vitro. Following SW treatment, augmented ligand-independent phosphorylation in VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS axis and endogenous NO production, increased cellular migration and tube formation, elevated sprouting of carotid artery and blood flow in ischemic limb in ob/ob mice were noted. Moreover, SU5416 and VEGFR2 silencing both inhibited SW-induced angiogenesis. SW-induced angiogenesis, which was accompanied by increased VEGFR2 protein expression without transcriptional change, was suppressed by chloroquine and Rab11a silencing. We concluded that SW enhanced angiogenesis via ligand-independent activation of VEGFR2 and further prolonged through endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International Students, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.,Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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36
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Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, Huang HY, Lin Y, Ko YS, Wang JS, Chang VHS, Pang JHS. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:323-333. [PMID: 27847966 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BPC 157, a pentadecapeptide with extensive healing effects, has recently been suggested to contribute to angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. The present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect and pro-angiogenic mechanism of BPC 157. As demonstrated by the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and endothelial tube formation assay, BPC 157 could increase the vessel density both in vivo and in vitro, respectively. BPC 157 could also accelerate the recovery of blood flow in the ischemic muscle of the rat hind limb as detected by laser Doppler scanning, indicating the promotion of angiogenesis. Histological analysis of the hind limb muscle confirmed the increased number of vessels and the enhanced vascular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in rat with BPC 157 treatment. In vitro study using human vascular endothelial cells further confirmed the increased mRNA and protein expressions of VEGFR2 but not VEGF-A by BPC 157. In addition, BPC 157 could promote VEGFR2 internalization in vascular endothelial cells which was blocked in the presence of dynasore, an inhibitor of endocytosis. BPC 157 time dependently activated the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway which could also be suppressed by dynasore. The increase of endothelial tube formation induced by BPC 157 was also inhibited by dynasore. This study demonstrates the pro-angiogenic effects of BPC 157 that is associated with the increased expression, internalization of VEGFR2, and the activation of VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway. BPC 157 promotes angiogenesis in CAM assay and tube formation assay. BPC 157 accelerates the blood flow recovery and vessel number in rats with hind limb ischemia. BPC 157 up-regulates VEGFR2 expression in rats with hind limb ischemia and endothelial cell culture. BPC 157 promotes VEGFR2 internalization in association with VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS activation. KEY MESSAGE BPC 157 promotes angiogenesis in CAM assay and tube formation assay. BPC 157 accelerates the blood flow recovery and vessel number in rats with hind limb ischemia. BPC 157 up-regulates VEGFR2 expression in rats with hind limb ischemia and endothelial cell culture. BPC 157 promotes VEGFR2 internalization in association with VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Lin-kou, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Hsien-Ta Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China.,Division of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic Of China.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Hsiu-Yun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Lin-kou, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Vincent Hung-Shu Chang
- Program for Translation Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic Of China
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic Of China.
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37
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Abstract
Lysosomes (or lytic bodies) were so named because they contain high levels of hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosome function and dysfunction have been found to play important roles in human disease, including cancer; however, the ways in which lysosomes contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression are still being uncovered. Beyond serving as a cellular recycling center, recent evidence suggests that the lysosome is involved in energy homeostasis, generating building blocks for cell growth, mitogenic signaling, priming tissues for angiogenesis and metastasis formation, and activating transcriptional programs. This review examines emerging knowledge of how lysosomal processes contribute to the hallmarks of cancer and highlights vulnerabilities that might be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; , .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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38
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Tsou JH, Yang YC, Pao PC, Lin HC, Huang NK, Lin ST, Hsu KS, Yeh CM, Lee KH, Kuo CJ, Yang DM, Lin JH, Chang WC, Lee YC. Important Roles of Ring Finger Protein 112 in Embryonic Vascular Development and Brain Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2286-2300. [PMID: 26951452 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rnf112 is a member of the RING finger protein family. The expression of Rnf112 is abundant in the brain and is regulated during brain development. Our previous study has revealed that Rnf112 can promote neuronal differentiation by inhibiting the progression of the cell cycle in cell models. In this study, we further revealed the important functions of Rnf112 in embryo development and in adult brain. Our data showed that most of the Rnf112 -/- embryos exhibited blood vascular defects and died in utero. Upon further investigation, we found that the survival rate of homozygous Rnf112 knockout mice in 129/sv and C57BL/6 mixed genetic background was increased. The survived newborns of Rnf112 -/- mice manifested growth retardation as indicated by smaller size and a reduced weight. Although the overall organization of the brain did not appear to be severely affected in Rnf112 -/- mice, using in vivo 3D MRI imaging, we found that when compared to wild-type littermates, brains of Rnf112 -/- mice were smaller. In addition, Rnf112 -/- mice displayed impairment of brain functions including motor balance, and spatial learning and memory. Our results provide important aspects for the study of Rnf112 gene functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hui Tsou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chieh Pao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Jen Kuo
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Her Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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39
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Clifford RJ, Maryon EB, Kaplan JH. Dynamic internalization and recycling of a metal ion transporter: Cu homeostasis and CTR1, the human Cu⁺ uptake system. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1711-21. [PMID: 26945057 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu ion (Cu) entry into human cells is mediated by CTR1 (also known as SLC31A1), the high-affinity Cu transporter. When extracellular Cu is raised, the cell is protected against excess accumulation by rapid internalization of the transporter. When Cu is lowered, the transporter returns to the membrane. We show in HEK293 cells overexpressing CTR1 that expression of either the C-terminal domain of AP180 (also known as SNAP91), a clathrin-coat assembly protein that sequesters clathrin, or a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin, decreases Cu-induced endocytosis of CTR1, as does a dynamin inhibitor and clathrin knockdown using siRNA. Utilizing imaging, siRNA techniques and a new high-throughput assay for endocytosis employing CLIP-tag methodology, we show that internalized CTR1 accumulates in early sorting endosomes and recycling compartments (containing Rab5 and EEA1), but not in late endosomes or lysosomal pathways. Using live cell fluorescence, we find that upon extracellular Cu removal CTR1 recycles to the cell surface through the slower-recycling Rab11-mediated pathway. These processes enable cells to dynamically alter transporter levels at the plasma membrane and acutely modulate entry as a safeguard against excess cellular Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Edward B Maryon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jack H Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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40
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Yao P, Zhao H, Mo W, He P. Laminar Shear Stress Promotes Vascular Endothelial Cell Autophagy Through Upregulation with Rab4. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:118-23. [PMID: 26716952 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Yao
- ICU of the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Mo
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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41
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Hayashi H, Al Mamun A, Sakima M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-mediated signal processing during angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1210-22. [PMID: 26826188 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8, also known as FNDC1) is a receptor-independent accessory protein for the Gβγ subunit, which was isolated from rat heart subjected to repetitive transient ischemia with the substantial development of collaterals. Here, we report the role of AGS8 in vessel formation by endothelial cells. Knockdown of AGS8 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation, as well as VEGF-stimulated cell growth and migration. VEGF stimulated the phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as KDR), ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK; however, knockdown of AGS8 inhibited these signaling events. Signal alterations by AGS8 siRNA were associated with a decrease of cell surface VEGFR-2 and an increase of VEGFR-2 in the cytosol. Endocytosis blockers did not influence the decrease of VEGFR-2 by AGS8 siRNA, suggesting the involvement of AGS8 in VEGFR-2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. VEGFR-2 formed a complex with AGS8 in cells, and a peptide designed to disrupt AGS8-Gβγ interaction inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation. These data suggest a potential role for AGS8-Gβγ in VEGF signal processing. AGS8 might play a key role in tissue adaptation by regulating angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Sakima
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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42
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Smith G, Tomlinson D, Harrison M, Ponnambalam S. Chapter Eight - Ubiquitin-Mediated Regulation of Cellular Responses to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 141:313-38. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Abdul-Zani I, Wheatcroft SB, Tomlinson DC, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. VEGFR2 Trafficking, Signaling and Proteolysis is Regulated by the Ubiquitin Isopeptidase USP8. Traffic 2015; 17:53-65. [PMID: 26459808 PMCID: PMC4832373 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) regulates many aspects of vascular function. VEGF-A binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) stimulates endothelial signal transduction and regulates multiple cellular responses. Activated VEGFR2 undergoes ubiquitination but the enzymes that regulate this post-translational modification are unclear. In this study, the de-ubiquitinating enzyme, USP8, is shown to regulate VEGFR2 trafficking, de-ubiquitination, proteolysis and signal transduction. USP8-depleted endothelial cells displayed altered VEGFR2 ubiquitination and production of a unique VEGFR2 extracellular domain proteolytic fragment caused by VEGFR2 accumulation in the endosome-lysosome system. In addition, perturbed VEGFR2 trafficking impaired VEGF-A-stimulated signal transduction in USP8-depleted cells. Thus, regulation of VEGFR2 ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination has important consequences for the endothelial cell response and vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Biomedical Health Research Centre & Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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Wang X, Wang HQ, Jian T, Qin WW, Xu F, Xin ZL, Wang YH, Zhang M, Lu HJ. VEGFR2 Gene Polymorphism Correlates with Deep Venous Thrombosis Risk in Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:673-8. [PMID: 26600200 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations between three vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) gene polymorphisms, +1192C>T, +1719T>A, and -604T>C, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in Chinese Han population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study, between September 2009 and September 2012, in a Chinese Han population with onset of lower extremity DVT. A total of 135 patients were enrolled in the case group and 156 healthy individuals in the control group. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies of the VEGFR2 gene polymorphisms +1192C>T, +1719T>A, and -604T>C. Haplotype analyses were conducted with SHEsis program. Logistic regression was used to detect the risk factors of DVT. Outpatient review and telephone follow-up were conducted to analyze the long-term treatment of DVT patients. RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies of -604T>C VEGFR2 polymorphism exhibited significant differences between the case and control groups (both p < 0.05). Haplotype analyses showed remarkable differences between the case and control groups in the distribution frequency of TAC and CTT haplotypes in the VEGFR2 gene (both p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed independent correlation between the incidence of DVT and TAC haplotype in the VEGFR2 gene (p < 0.05). In addition, the TAC haplotype may be a risk factor for DVT treatment failure. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the VEGFR2 gene -604T>C polymorphism and TAC haplotype are associated with DVT, and the TAC haplotype might affect the efficacy of long-term treatment of DVT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jian
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Lei Xin
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- 2 Operation Room, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhang
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Jun Lu
- 2 Operation Room, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital , Jining, People's Republic of China
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The cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factors requires co-ordinated signal transduction, trafficking and proteolysis. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150171. [PMID: 26285805 PMCID: PMC4613718 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are a family of conserved disulfide-linked soluble secretory glycoproteins found in higher eukaryotes. VEGFs mediate a wide range of responses in different tissues including metabolic homoeostasis, cell proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis. Such responses are initiated by VEGF binding to soluble and membrane-bound VEGFRs (VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases) and co-receptors. VEGF and receptor splice isoform diversity further enhances complexity of membrane protein assembly and function in signal transduction pathways that control multiple cellular responses. Different signal transduction pathways are simultaneously activated by VEGFR-VEGF complexes with membrane trafficking along the endosome-lysosome network further modulating signal output from multiple enzymatic events associated with such pathways. Balancing VEGFR-VEGF signal transduction with trafficking and proteolysis is essential in controlling the intensity and duration of different intracellular signalling events. Dysfunction in VEGF-regulated signal transduction is important in chronic disease states including cancer, atherosclerosis and blindness. This family of growth factors and receptors is an important model system for understanding human disease pathology and developing new therapeutics for treating such ailments.
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Chichger H, Braza J, Duong H, Stark M, Harrington EO. Neovascularization in the pulmonary endothelium is regulated by the endosome: Rab4-mediated trafficking and p18-dependent signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L700-9. [PMID: 26254426 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00235.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, requires multiple processes including vascular leak, migration, and adhesion. Endosomal proteins, such as Rabs, regulate trafficking of key signaling proteins involved in neovascularization. The novel endosome protein, p18, enhances vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin recycling from early endosome to cell junction to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function. Since endothelial barrier integrity is vital in neovascularization, we sought to elucidate the role for endosome proteins p18 and Rab4, Rab7, and Rab9 in the process of vessel formation within the pulmonary vasculature. Overexpression of wild-type p18 (p18(wt)), but not the nonendosomal-binding mutant (p18(N39)), significantly increased lung microvascular endothelial cell migration, adhesion, and both in vitro and in vivo tube formation. Chemical inhibition of mTOR or p38 attenuated the proneovascularization role of p18(wt). Similar to the effect of p18(wt), overexpression of prorecycling wild-type (Rab4(WT)) and endosome-anchored (Rab4(Q67L)) Rab4 enhanced neovascularization processes, whereas molecular inhibition of Rab4, by using the nonendosomal-binding mutant (Rab4(S22N)) attenuated VEGF-induced neovascularization. Unlike p18, Rab4-induced neovascularization was independent of mTOR or p38 inhibition but was dependent on p18 expression. This study shows for the first time that neovascularization within the pulmonary vasculature is dependent on the prorecycling endocytic proteins Rab4 and p18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Huetran Duong
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Myranda Stark
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Kim M, Tan YS, Cheng WC, Kingsbury TJ, Heimfeld S, Civin CI. MIR144 and MIR451 regulate human erythropoiesis via RAB14. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:583-97. [PMID: 25312678 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression levels of MIR144 and MIR451 increase during erythropoiesis, a pattern that is conserved from zebrafish to humans. As these two miRs are expressed from the same polycistronic transcript, we manipulated MIR144 and MIR451 in human erythroid cells individually and together to investigate their effects on human erythropoiesis. Inhibition of endogenous human MIR451 resulted in decreased numbers of erythroid (CD71(hi) CD235a(hi) CD34(-) ) cells, consistent with prior studies in zebrafish and mice. In addition, inhibition of MIR144 impaired human erythroid differentiation, unlike in zebrafish and mouse studies where the functional effect of MIR144 on erythropoiesis was minimal. In this study, we found RAB14 is a direct target of both MIR144 and MIR451. As MIR144 and MIR451 expression increased during human erythropoiesis, RAB14 protein expression decreased. Enforced RAB14 expression phenocopied the effect of MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion, whereas shRNA-mediated RAB14 knockdown protected cells from MIR144 and/or MIR451 depletion-mediated erythropoietic inhibition. RAB14 knockdown increased the frequency and number of erythroid cells, increased β-haemoglobin expression, and decreased CBFA2T3 expression during human erythropoiesis. In summary, we utilized MIR144 and MIR451 to identify RAB14 as a novel physiological inhibitor of human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJung Kim
- Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases — Expanding Horizons. Cells 2014. [PMCID: PMC4092864 DOI: 10.3390/cells3020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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