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Colijn S, Nambara M, Malin G, Sacchetti EA, Stratman AN. Identification of distinct vascular mural cell populations during zebrafish embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:519-541. [PMID: 38112237 PMCID: PMC11065631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the overlapping and distinct expression patterns of these markers in tandem have not been fully described. RESULTS Here, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS-EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single- and double-positive perivascular cell populations on the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days postfertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln-positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord-a reportedly transient structure-contributes to tagln-positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage. CONCLUSION Together, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking both pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo and reveal unexpected embryonic cell populations that express pdgfrb and tagln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Miku Nambara
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gracie Malin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Elena A. Sacchetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Cheng S, Xia IF, Wanner R, Abello J, Stratman AN, Nicoli S. Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.01.569622. [PMID: 38077062 PMCID: PMC10705471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) envelop vertebrate brain arteries, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling. The dedifferentiation of VSMCs is implicated in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Despite its importance, the process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries during development remains inadequately characterized. Understanding this process could aid in reprogramming and regenerating differentiated VSMCs in cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW), comprising major arteries that supply blood to the vertebrate brain. We observed that the arterial expression of CoW endothelial cells (ECs) occurs after their migration from the cranial venous plexus to form CoW arteries. Subsequently, acta2+ VSMCs differentiate from pdgfrb+ mural cell progenitors upon recruitment to CoW arteries. The progression of VSMC differentiation exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern, advancing from anterior to posterior CoW arteries. Analysis of blood flow suggests that earlier VSMC differentiation in anterior CoW arteries correlates with higher red blood cell velocity wall shear stress. Furthermore, pulsatile blood flow is required for differentiation of human brain pdgfrb+ mural cells into VSMCs as well as VSMC differentiation on zebrafish CoW arteries. Consistently, the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a is activated in ECs of CoW arteries prior to VSMC differentiation, and klf2a knockdown delays VSMC differentiation on anterior CoW arteries. In summary, our findings highlight the role of blood flow activation of endothelial klf2a as a mechanism regulating the initial VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivan Fan Xia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Renate Wanner
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Perfetto M, Rondelli CM, Gillis S, Stratman AN, Yien YY. FAM210B is dispensable for erythroid differentiation in adult mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.26.559581. [PMID: 37823037 PMCID: PMC10563458 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a central role in cellular redox processes, but its ability to adopt multiple oxidation states also enables it to catalyze deleterious reactions. The requirement for iron in erythropoiesis has necessitated the evolution of mechanisms with which to handle the iron required for hemoglobinization. FAM210B was identified as a regulator of mitochondrial iron import and heme synthesis in erythroid cell culture and zebrafish models. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that while FAM210B is required for erythroid differentiation and heme synthesis under standard cell culture conditions, holotransferrin supplementation was sufficient to chemically complement the iron-deficient phenotype. As the biology of FAM210B is complex and context specific, and whole-organism studies on FAM210 proteins have been limited, we sought to unravel the role of FAM210B in erythropoiesis using knockout mice. We were surprised to discover that Fam210b -/- mice were viable and the adults did not have erythropoietic defects in the bone marrow. In contrast to studies in C. elegans, Fam210b -/- mice were also fertile. There were some modest phenotypes, such as a slight increase in lymphocytes and white cell count in Fam210b -/- females, as well as an increase in body weight in Fam210b -/- males. However, our findings suggest that FAM210B may play a more important role in cellular iron homeostasis under iron deficient conditions. Here, we will discuss the cell culture conditions used in iron metabolism studies that can account for the disparate finding on FAM210B function. Moving forward, resolving these discrepancies will be important in identifying novel iron homeostasis genes.
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Clevenger AJ, McFarlin MK, Collier CA, Sheshadri VS, Madyastha AK, Gorley JPM, Solberg SC, Stratman AN, Raghavan SA. Peristalsis-Associated Mechanotransduction Drives Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:261-281. [PMID: 37811008 PMCID: PMC10550901 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment, cancerous and precancerous cells continuously experience mechanical forces associated with peristalsis. Given that mechanical forces like shear stress and strain can positively impact cancer progression, we explored the hypothesis that peristalsis may also contribute to malignant progression in CRC. We defined malignant progression as enrichment of cancer stem cells and the acquisition of invasive behaviors, both vital to CRC progression. Methods We leveraged our peristalsis bioreactor to expose CRC cell lines (HCT116), patient-derived xenograft (PDX1,2) lines, or non-cancerous intestinal cells (HIEC-6) to forces associated with peristalsis in vitro. Cells were maintained in static control conditions or exposed to peristalsis for 24 h prior to assessment of cancer stem cell (CSC) emergence or the acquisition of invasive phenotypes. Results Exposure of HCT116 cells to peristalsis significantly increased the emergence of LGR5+ CSCs by 1.8-fold compared to static controls. Peristalsis enriched LGR5 positivity in several CRC cell lines, notably significant in KRAS mutant lines. In contrast, peristalsis failed to increase LGR5+ in non-cancerous intestinal cells, HIEC-6. LGR5+ emergence downstream of peristalsis was dependent on ROCK and Wnt activity, and not YAP1 activation. Additionally, HCT116 cells adopted invasive morphologies when exposed to peristalsis, with increased filopodia density and epithelial to mesenchymal gene expression, in a Wnt dependent manner. Conclusions Peristalsis associated forces drive malignant progression of CRC via ROCK, YAP1, and Wnt-related mechanotransduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00776-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Clevenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Maygan K. McFarlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Claudia A. Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Vibha S. Sheshadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Anirudh K. Madyastha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - John Paul M. Gorley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Spencer C. Solberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Shreya A. Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX USA
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Hanson A, McClenaghan C, Weng KC, Colijn S, Stratman AN, Halabi CM, Grange DK, Silva JR, Nichols CG. Electrophysiology of human iPSC-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and cell autonomous consequences of Cantu Syndrome mutations. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.29.547088. [PMID: 37425756 PMCID: PMC10327170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cantu Syndrome (CS), a multisystem disease with a complex cardiovascular phenotype, is caused by GoF variants in the Kir6.1/SUR2 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels, and is characterized by low systemic vascular resistance, as well as tortuous, dilated vessels, and decreased pulse-wave velocity. Thus, CS vascular dysfunction is multifactorial, with distinct hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components. To dissect whether such complexities arise cell-autonomously within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), or as secondary responses to the pathophysiological milieu, we assessed electrical properties and gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived VSMCs (hiPSC-VSMCs), differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs, and in native mouse control and CS VSMCs. Approach and Results Whole-cell voltage-clamp of isolated aortic and mesenteric VSMCs isolated from wild type (WT) and Kir6.1[V65M] (CS) mice revealed no difference in voltage-gated K + (K v ) or Ca 2+ currents. K v and Ca 2+ currents were also not different between validated hiPSC-VSMCs differentiated from control and CS patient-derived hiPSCs. Pinacidil-sensitive K ATP currents in control hiPSC-VSMCs were consistent with those in WT mouse VSMCs, and were considerably larger in CS hiPSC-VSMCs. Consistent with lack of any compensatory modulation of other currents, this resulted in membrane hyperpolarization, explaining the hypomyotonic basis of CS vasculopathy. Increased compliance and dilation in isolated CS mouse aortae, was associated with increased elastin mRNA expression. This was consistent with higher levels of elastin mRNA in CS hiPSC-VSMCs, suggesting that the hyperelastic component of CS vasculopathy is a cell-autonomous consequence of vascular K ATP GoF. Conclusions The results show that hiPSC-VSMCs reiterate expression of the same major ion currents as primary VSMCs, validating the use of these cells to study vascular disease. The results further indicate that both the hypomyotonic and hyperelastic components of CS vasculopathy are cell-autonomous phenomena driven by K ATP overactivity within VSMCs.
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Colijn S, Nambara M, Stratman AN. Identification of overlapping and distinct mural cell populations during early embryonic development. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535476. [PMID: 37066365 PMCID: PMC10104062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Mural cells are an essential perivascular cell population that associate with blood vessels and contribute to vascular stabilization and tone. In the embryonic zebrafish vasculature, pdgfrb and tagln are commonly used as markers for identifying pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). However, the expression patterns of these markers used in tandem have not been fully described. Here, we used the Tg(pdgfrb:Gal4FF; UAS:RFP) and Tg(tagln:NLS-EGFP) transgenic lines to identify single- and double-positive perivascular populations in the cranial, axial, and intersegmental vessels between 1 and 5 days post-fertilization. From this comparative analysis, we discovered two novel regions of tagln-positive cell populations that have the potential to function as mural cell precursors. Specifically, we found that the hypochord- a reportedly transient structure-contributes to tagln-positive cells along the dorsal aorta. We also identified a unique sclerotome-derived mural cell progenitor population that resides along the midline between the neural tube and notochord and contributes to intersegmental vessel mural cell coverage. Together, our findings highlight the variability and versatility of tracking pdgfrb and tagln expression in mural cells of the developing zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Miku Nambara
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Abello J, Raghavan S, Yien YY, Stratman AN. Peristaltic pumps adapted for laminar flow experiments enhance in vitro modeling of vascular cell behavior. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102404. [PMID: 35988646 PMCID: PMC9508572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are the primary cellular constituent of blood vessels that are in direct contact with hemodynamic forces over their lifetime. Throughout the body, vessels experience different blood flow patterns and rates that alter vascular architecture and cellular behavior. Because of the complexities of studying blood flow in an intact organism, particularly during development, the field has increasingly relied on in vitro modeling of blood flow as a powerful technique for studying hemodynamic-dependent signaling mechanisms in ECs. While commercial flow systems that recirculate fluids exist, many commercially available pumps are peristaltic and best model pulsatile flow conditions. However, there are many important situations in which ECs experience laminar flow conditions in vivo, such as along long straight stretches of the vasculature. To understand EC function under these contexts, it is important to be able to reproducibly model laminar flow conditions in vitro. Here, we outline a method to reliably adapt commercially available peristaltic pumps to study laminar flow conditions. Our proof-of-concept study focuses on 2D models but could be further adapted to 3D environments to better model in vivo scenarios, such as organ development. Our studies make significant inroads into solving technical challenges associated with flow modeling and allow us to conduct functional studies toward understanding the mechanistic role of shear forces on vascular architecture, cellular behavior, and remodeling in diverse physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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Pillay LM, Yano JJ, Davis AE, Butler MG, Ezeude MO, Park JS, Barnes KA, Reyes VL, Castranova D, Gore AV, Swift MR, Iben JR, Kenton MI, Stratman AN, Weinstein BM. In vivo dissection of Rhoa function in vascular development using zebrafish. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:411-434. [PMID: 35320450 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The small monomeric GTPase RHOA acts as a master regulator of signal transduction cascades by activating effectors of cellular signaling, including the Rho-associated protein kinases ROCK1/2. Previous in vitro cell culture studies suggest that RHOA can regulate many critical aspects of vascular endothelial cell (EC) biology, including focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and angiogenesis. However, the specific in vivo roles of RHOA during vascular development and homeostasis are still not well understood. In this study, we examine the in vivo functions of RHOA in regulating vascular development and integrity in zebrafish. We use zebrafish RHOA-ortholog (rhoaa) mutants, transgenic embryos expressing wild type, dominant negative, or constitutively active forms of rhoaa in ECs, pharmacological inhibitors of RHOA and ROCK1/2, and Rock1 and Rock2a/b dgRNP-injected zebrafish embryos to study the in vivo consequences of RHOA gain- and loss-of-function in the vascular endothelium. Our findings document roles for RHOA in vascular integrity, developmental angiogenesis, and vascular morphogenesis in vivo, showing that either too much or too little RHOA activity leads to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Yano
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 440 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan O Ezeude
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith A Barnes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa L Reyes
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew R Swift
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine I Kenton
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Dr. Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Stratman AN, Crewe C, Stahl PD. The microenvironment‐ a general hypothesis on the homeostatic function of extracellular vesicles. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:284-297. [PMID: 35520390 PMCID: PMC9065581 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, is a burgeoning field of biological and biomedical research that may change our understanding of cell communication in plants and animals while holding great promise for the diagnosis of disease and the development of therapeutics. However, the challenge remains to develop a general hypothesis about the role of EVs in physiological homeostasis and pathobiology across kingdoms. While they can act systemically, EVs are often seen to operate locally within a microenvironment. This microenvironment is built as a collection of microunits comprised of cells that interact with each other via EV exchange, EV signaling, EV seeding, and EV disposal. We propose that microunits are part of a larger matrix at the tissue level that collectively communicates with the surrounding environment, including other end‐organ systems. Herein, we offer a working model that encompasses the various facets of EV function in the context of the cell biology and physiology of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis Missouri USA 63110
| | - Clair Crewe
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis Missouri USA 63110
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis Missouri USA 63110
| | - Philip D Stahl
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis Missouri USA 63110
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10
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Colijn S, Yin Y, Stratman AN. High-throughput methodology to identify CRISPR-generated Danio rerio mutants using fragment analysis with unmodified PCR products. Dev Biol 2022; 484:22-29. [PMID: 35149003 PMCID: PMC10164608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish, fruit flies, and C. elegans has been significantly improved over the years through CRISPR technology. CRISPR enables researchers to efficiently examine cellular pathways by inducing small, targeted mutations in vivo. Though these mutations are commonly random insertions or deletions (indels), they often result in functionally disrupted alleles of a target gene if the CRISPR components are appropriately designed. However, current protocols used to identify the presence of CRISPR-generated indels are often labor intensive, time-consuming, or expensive. Here, we describe a straightforward, high-throughput method for identifying the presence of mutations by using a fragment analyzer platform which allows for DNA fragment sizing through high-resolution capillary gel-electrophoresis. Following this protocol, small indels-down to 2 base pairs-can be quickly and reliably identified, thus allowing for large-scale genotyping of newly-generated or stable mutant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
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Kundishora AJ, Peters ST, Pinard A, Duran D, Panchagnula S, Barak T, Miyagishima DF, Dong W, Smith H, Ocken J, Dunbar A, Nelson-Williams C, Haider S, Walker RL, Li B, Zhao H, Thumkeo D, Marlier A, Duy PQ, Diab NS, Reeves BC, Robert SM, Sujijantarat N, Stratman AN, Chen YH, Zhao S, Roszko I, Lu Q, Zhang B, Mane S, Castaldi C, López-Giráldez F, Knight JR, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Geschwind DH, Chen SSL, Storm PB, Diluna ML, Matouk CC, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Smith ER, Lifton RP, Gunel M, Milewicz DM, Jin SC, Kahle KT. DIAPH1 Variants in Non-East Asian Patients With Sporadic Moyamoya Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:993-1003. [PMID: 34125151 PMCID: PMC8204259 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Moyamoya disease (MMD), a progressive vasculopathy leading to narrowing and ultimate occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, is a cause of childhood stroke. The cause of MMD is poorly understood, but genetic factors play a role. Several familial forms of MMD have been identified, but the cause of most cases remains elusive, especially among non-East Asian individuals. Objective To assess whether ultrarare de novo and rare, damaging transmitted variants with large effect sizes are associated with MMD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants A genetic association study was conducted using whole-exome sequencing case-parent MMD trios in a small discovery cohort collected over 3.5 years (2016-2019); data were analyzed in 2020. Medical records from US hospitals spanning a range of 1 month to 1.5 years were reviewed for phenotyping. Exomes from a larger validation cohort were analyzed to identify additional rare, large-effect variants in the top candidate gene. Participants included patients with MMD and, when available, their parents. All participants who met criteria and were presented with the option to join the study agreed to do so; none were excluded. Twenty-four probands (22 trios and 2 singletons) composed the discovery cohort, and 84 probands (29 trios and 55 singletons) composed the validation cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Gene variants were identified and filtered using stringent criteria. Enrichment and case-control tests assessed gene-level variant burden. In silico modeling estimated the probability of variant association with protein structure. Integrative genomics assessed expression patterns of MMD risk genes derived from single-cell RNA sequencing data of human and mouse brain tissue. Results Of the 24 patients in the discovery cohort, 14 (58.3%) were men and 18 (75.0%) were of European ancestry. Three of 24 discovery cohort probands contained 2 do novo (1-tailed Poisson P = 1.1 × 10-6) and 1 rare, transmitted damaging variant (12.5% of cases) in DIAPH1 (mammalian diaphanous-1), a key regulator of actin remodeling in vascular cells and platelets. Four additional ultrarare damaging heterozygous DIAPH1 variants (3 unphased) were identified in 3 other patients in an 84-proband validation cohort (73.8% female, 77.4% European). All 6 patients were non-East Asian. Compound heterozygous variants were identified in ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinlike protein EVL, a mammalian diaphanous-1 interactor that regulates actin polymerization. DIAPH1 and EVL mutant probands had severe, bilateral MMD associated with transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia. DIAPH1 and other MMD risk genes are enriched in mural cells of midgestational human brain. The DIAPH1 coexpression network converges in vascular cell actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathways. Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide the largest collection to date of non-East Asian individuals with sporadic MMD harboring pathogenic variants in the same gene. The results suggest that DIAPH1 is a novel MMD risk gene and impaired vascular cell actin remodeling in MMD pathogenesis, with diagnostic and therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Kundishora
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Samuel T. Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Amélie Pinard
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | | | - Tanyeri Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Danielle F. Miyagishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Jack Ocken
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Ashley Dunbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Walker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Phan Q. Duy
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Nicholas S. Diab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin C. Reeves
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | | | | | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Isabelle Roszko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shih-Shan Lang Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Michael L. Diluna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles C. Matouk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Darren B. Orbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seth L. Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard P. Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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12
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Alghanem AF, Abello J, Maurer JM, Kumar A, Ta CM, Gunasekar SK, Fatima U, Kang C, Xie L, Adeola O, Riker M, Elliot-Hudson M, Minerath RA, Grueter CE, Mullins RF, Stratman AN, Sah R. The SWELL1-LRRC8 complex regulates endothelial AKT-eNOS signaling and vascular function. eLife 2021; 10:61313. [PMID: 33629656 PMCID: PMC7997661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium responds to numerous chemical and mechanical factors in regulating vascular tone, blood pressure, and blood flow. The endothelial volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) has been proposed to be mechanosensitive and thereby sense fluid flow and hydrostatic pressure to regulate vascular function. Here, we show that the leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8a, LRRC8A (SWELL1), is required for VRAC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial LRRC8A regulates AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling under basal, stretch, and shear-flow stimulation, forms a GRB2-Cav1-eNOS signaling complex, and is required for endothelial cell alignment to laminar shear flow. Endothelium-restricted Lrrc8a KO mice develop hypertension in response to chronic angiotensin-II infusion and exhibit impaired retinal blood flow with both diffuse and focal blood vessel narrowing in the setting of type 2 diabetes (T2D). These data demonstrate that LRRC8A regulates AKT-eNOS in endothelium and is required for maintaining vascular function, particularly in the setting of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Alghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Eastern Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Joshua M Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chau My Ta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Susheel K Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Urooj Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Chen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Adeola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Megan Riker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Macaulay Elliot-Hudson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Rachel A Minerath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Chad E Grueter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University, St Louis, United States
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13
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Krispin S, Stratman AN, Melick CH, Stan RV, Malinverno M, Gleklen J, Castranova D, Dejana E, Weinstein BM. Growth Differentiation Factor 6 Promotes Vascular Stability by Restraining Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:353-362. [PMID: 29284606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The assembly of a functional vascular system requires a coordinated and dynamic transition from activation to maturation. High vascular endothelial growth factor activity promotes activation, including junction destabilization and cell motility. Maturation involves junctional stabilization and formation of a functional endothelial barrier. The identity and mechanism of action of prostabilization signals are still mostly unknown. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and their ligands have important functions during embryonic vessel assembly and maturation. Previous work has suggested a role for growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6; bone morphogenetic protein 13) in vascular integrity although GDF6's mechanism of action was not clear. Therefore, we sought to further explore the requirement for GDF6 in vascular stabilization. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the role of GDF6 in promoting endothelial vascular integrity in vivo in zebrafish and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. We report that GDF6 promotes vascular integrity by counteracting vascular endothelial growth factor activity. GDF6-deficient endothelium has increased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, increased vascular endothelial-cadherin Y658 phosphorylation, vascular endothelial-cadherin delocalization from cell-cell interfaces, and weakened endothelial cell adherence junctions that become prone to vascular leak. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GDF6 promotes vascular stabilization by restraining vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Understanding how GDF6 affects vascular integrity may help to provide insights into hemorrhage and associated vascular pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Krispin
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Amber N Stratman
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Chase H Melick
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Radu V Stan
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Jamie Gleklen
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Daniel Castranova
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.).
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15
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Venero Galanternik M, Castranova D, Gore AV, Blewett NH, Jung HM, Stratman AN, Kirby MR, Iben J, Miller MF, Kawakami K, Maraia RJ, Weinstein BM. A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28395729 PMCID: PMC5423774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or 'Mato Cells' in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a perivascular cell population in the brain derived from vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Aniket V Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nathan H Blewett
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Martha R Kirby
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - James Iben
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mayumi F Miller
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Richard J Maraia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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16
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Stratman AN, Pezoa SA, Farrelly OM, Castranova D, Dye LE, Butler MG, Sidik H, Talbot WS, Weinstein BM. Interactions between mural cells and endothelial cells stabilize the developing zebrafish dorsal aorta. Development 2016; 144:115-127. [PMID: 27913637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) play an essential role in the development of the vasculature, promoting vascular quiescence and long-term vessel stabilization through their interactions with endothelial cells. However, the mechanistic details of how mural cells stabilize vessels are not fully understood. We have examined the emergence and functional role of mural cells investing the dorsal aorta during early development using the zebrafish. Consistent with previous literature, our data suggest that cells ensheathing the dorsal aorta emerge from a sub-population of cells in the adjacent sclerotome. Inhibition of mural cell recruitment to the dorsal aorta through disruption of pdgfr signaling leads to a reduced vascular basement membrane, which in turn results in enhanced dorsal aorta vessel elasticity and failure to restrict aortic diameter. Our results provide direct in vivo evidence for a functional role for mural cells in patterning and stabilization of the early vasculature through production and maintenance of the vascular basement membrane to prevent abnormal aortic expansion and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Stratman
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sofia A Pezoa
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olivia M Farrelly
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis E Dye
- Microscopy & Imaging Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Venero Galanternik M, Stratman AN, Jung HM, Butler MG, Weinstein BM. Building the drains: the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 2016; 5:689-710. [PMID: 27576003 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is comprised of a network of endothelial vessels found in close proximity to but separated from the blood vasculature. An essential tissue component of all vertebrates, lymphatics are responsible for the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, dissemination of immune cells, and lipid reabsorption under healthy conditions. When lymphatic vessels are impaired due to invasive surgery, genetic disorders, or parasitic infections, severe fluid build-up accumulates in the affected tissues causing a condition known as lymphedema. Malignant tumors can also directly activate lymphangiogenesis and use these vessels to promote the spread of metastatic cells. Although their first description goes back to the times of Hippocrates, with subsequent anatomical characterization at the beginning of the 20th-century, the lack of identifying molecular markers and tools to visualize these translucent vessels meant that investigation of lymphatic vessels fell well behind research of blood vessels. However, after years under the shadow of the blood vasculature, recent advances in imaging technologies and new genetic and molecular tools have accelerated the pace of research on lymphatic vessel development. These new tools have facilitated both work in classical mammalian models and the emergence of new powerful vertebrate models like zebrafish, quickly driving the field of lymphatic development back into the spotlight. In this review, we summarize the highlights of recent research on the development and function of the lymphatic vascular network in health and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:689-710. doi: 10.1002/wdev.246 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Nohata N, Uchida Y, Stratman AN, Adams RH, Zheng Y, Weinstein BM, Mukouyama YS, Gutkind JS. Temporal-specific roles of Rac1 during vascular development and retinal angiogenesis. Dev Biol 2016; 411:183-194. [PMID: 26872874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by remodeling and growth of pre-existing vessels, is a highly orchestrated process that requires a tight balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors and the integration of their corresponding signaling networks. The family of Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, play a central role in many cell biological processes that involve cytoskeletal changes and cell movement. Specifically for Rac1, we have shown that excision of Rac1 using a Tie2-Cre animal line results in embryonic lethality in midgestation (embryonic day (E) 9.5), with multiple vascular defects. However, Tie2-Cre can be also expressed during vasculogenesis, prior to angiogenesis, and is active in some hematopoietic precursors that can affect vessel formation. To circumvent these limitations, we have now conditionally deleted Rac1 in a temporally controlled and endothelial-restricted fashion using Cdh5(PAC)-iCreERT2 transgenic mice. In this highly controlled experimental in vivo system, we now show that Rac1 is required for embryonic vascular integrity and angiogenesis, and for the formation of superficial and deep vascular networks in the post-natal developing retina, the latter involving a novel specific function for Rac1 in vertical blood vessel sprouting. Aligned with these findings, we show that RAC1 is spatially involved in endothelial cell migration, invasion, and radial sprouting activities in 3D collagen matrix in vitro models. Hence, Rac1 and its downstream molecules may represent potential anti-angiogeneic therapeutic targets for the treatment of many human diseases that involve aberrant neovascularization and blood vessel overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijiro Nohata
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Section on Vertebrate Development, Program in the Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Section on Vertebrate Development, Program in the Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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19
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Smith AO, Bowers SLK, Stratman AN, Davis GE. Hematopoietic stem cell cytokines and fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulate human endothelial cell-pericyte tube co-assembly in 3D fibrin matrices under serum-free defined conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85147. [PMID: 24391990 PMCID: PMC3877341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel 3D fibrin matrix model using recombinant hematopoietic stem cell cytokines under serum-free defined conditions which promotes the assembly of human endothelial cell (EC) tubes with co-associated pericytes. Individual ECs and pericytes are randomly mixed together and EC tubes form that is accompanied by pericyte recruitment to the EC tube abluminal surface over a 3-5 day period. These morphogenic processes are stimulated by a combination of the hematopoietic stem cell cytokines, stem cell factor, interleukin-3, stromal derived factor-1α, and Flt-3 ligand which are added in conjunction with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 into the fibrin matrix. In contrast, this tube morphogenic response does not occur under serum-free defined conditions when VEGF and FGF-2 are added together in the fibrin matrices. We recently demonstrated that VEGF and FGF-2 are able to prime EC tube morphogenic responses (i.e. added overnight prior to the morphogenic assay) to hematopoietic stem cell cytokines in collagen matrices and, interestingly, they also prime EC tube morphogenesis in 3D fibrin matrices. EC-pericyte interactions in 3D fibrin matrices leads to marked vascular basement membrane assembly as demonstrated using immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we show that hematopoietic stem cell cytokines and pericytes stimulate EC sprouting in fibrin matrices in a manner dependent on the α5β1 integrin. This novel co-culture system, under serum-free defined conditions, allows for a molecular analysis of EC tube assembly, pericyte recruitment and maturation events in a critical ECM environment (i.e. fibrin matrices) that regulates angiogenic events in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie O. Smith
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Sciences Center and University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. K. Bowers
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Sciences Center and University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Sciences Center and University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Sciences Center and University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Davis GE, Kim DJ, Meng CX, Norden PR, Speichinger KR, Davis MT, Smith AO, Bowers SLK, Stratman AN. Control of vascular tube morphogenesis and maturation in 3D extracellular matrices by endothelial cells and pericytes. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1066:17-28. [PMID: 23955730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-604-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An important advance using in vitro EC tube morphogenesis and maturation models has been the development of systems using serum-free defined media. Using this approach, the growth factors and cytokines which are actually necessary for these events can be determined. The first model developed by our laboratory was such a system where we showed that phorbol ester was needed in order to promote survival and tube morphogenesis in 3D collagen matrices. Recently, we have developed a new system in which the hematopoietic stem cell cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were added in conjunction with FGF-2 to promote human EC tube morphogenesis in 3D collagen matrices under serum-free defined conditions. This new model using SCF, IL-3, SDF-1α, and FGF-2 also works well following the addition of pericytes where EC tube formation occurs, pericytes are recruited to the tubes, and vascular basement membrane matrix assembly occurs following EC-pericyte interactions. In this chapter, we describe several in vitro assay models that we routinely utilize to investigate the molecular requirements that are critical to EC tube formation and maturation events in 3D extracellular matrix environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
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21
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Zheng X, Xu C, Smith AO, Stratman AN, Zou Z, Kleaveland B, Yuan L, Didiku C, Sen A, Liu X, Skuli N, Zaslavsky A, Chen M, Cheng L, Davis GE, Kahn ML. Dynamic regulation of the cerebral cavernous malformation pathway controls vascular stability and growth. Dev Cell 2012; 23:342-55. [PMID: 22898778 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular growth must balance stabilizing signals required to maintain endothelial connections and network integrity with destabilizing signals that enable individual endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. The cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) signaling pathway utilizes the adaptor protein CCM2 to strengthen endothelial cell junctions and stabilize vessels. Here we identify a CCM2 paralog, CCM2L, that is expressed selectively in endothelial cells during periods of active cardiovascular growth. CCM2L competitively blocks CCM2-mediated stabilizing signals biochemically, in cultured endothelial cells, and in developing mice. Loss of CCM2L reduces endocardial growth factor expression and impairs tumor growth and wound healing. Our studies identify CCM2L as a molecular mechanism by which endothelial cells coordinately regulate vessel stability and growth during cardiovascular development, as well as postnatal vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Chan AC, Drakos SG, Ruiz OE, Smith AC, Gibson CC, Ling J, Passi SF, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A, Revelo MP, Grossmann AH, Diakos NA, Davis GE, Metzstein MM, Whitehead KJ, Li DY. Mutations in 2 distinct genetic pathways result in cerebral cavernous malformations in mice. J Clin Invest 2012. [DOI: 10.1172/jci63474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Stratman AN, Davis GE. Endothelial cell-pericyte interactions stimulate basement membrane matrix assembly: influence on vascular tube remodeling, maturation, and stabilization. Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:68-80. [PMID: 22166617 PMCID: PMC3919655 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition surrounding the developing vasculature are critical for vessel remodeling and maturation events. Although the basement membrane is an integral structure underlying endothelial cells (ECs), few studies, until recently, have been performed to understand its formation in this context. In this review article, we highlight new data demonstrating a corequirement for ECs and pericytes to properly deposit and assemble vascular basement membranes during morphogenic events. In EC only cultures or under conditions whereby pericyte recruitment is blocked, there is a lack of basement membrane assembly, decreased vessel stability (with increased susceptibility to pro-regressive stimuli), and increased EC tube widths (a marker of dysfunctional EC-pericyte interactions). ECs and pericytes both contribute basement membrane components and, furthermore, both cells induce the expression of particular components as well as integrins that recognize them. The EC-derived factors--platelet derived growth factor-BB and heparin binding-epidermal growth factor--are both critical for pericyte recruitment to EC tubes and concomitant vascular basement membrane formation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, heterotypic EC-pericyte interactions play a fundamental role in vascular basement membrane matrix deposition, a critical tube maturation event that is altered in key disease states such as diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri- Columbia, 65212
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri- Columbia, 65212
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri- Columbia, 65212
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24
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Sacharidou A, Stratman AN, Davis GE. Molecular mechanisms controlling vascular lumen formation in three-dimensional extracellular matrices. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:122-43. [PMID: 21997121 DOI: 10.1159/000331410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made toward a molecular understanding of how cells form lumen and tube structures in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices (ECM). This progress has occurred through work performed with endothelial and epithelial cell models using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Despite the apparent similarities between endothelial and epithelial cell lumen and tube formation mechanisms, there are clear distinctions that directly relate to their functional differences. This review will focus on endothelial cell (EC) lumen formation mechanisms which control blood vessel formation during development and postnatal life. Of great interest is that an EC lumen signaling complex has been identified which controls human EC lumen and tube formation in 3D matrices and which coordinates integrin-ECM contacts, cell surface proteolysis, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and cell polarity. This complex consists of the collagen-binding integrin α2β1, the collagen-degrading membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), junction adhesion molecule (Jam)C, JamB, polarity proteins Par3 and Par6b, and the Rho GTPase Cdc42-GTP. These interacting proteins are necessary to stimulate 3D matrix-specific signaling events (including activation of protein kinase cascades that regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons) to control the formation of EC lumens and tube networks. Also, EC lumen formation is directly coupled to the generation of vascular guidance tunnels, enzymatically generated ECM conduits that facilitate EC tube remodeling and maturation. Mural cells such as pericytes are recruited along EC tubes within these tunnel spaces to control ECM remodeling events resulting in vascular basement membrane matrix assembly, a key step in tube maturation and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sacharidou
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Mo. 65212, USA
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Chan AC, Drakos SG, Ruiz OE, Smith ACH, Gibson CC, Ling J, Passi SF, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A, Revelo MP, Grossmann AH, Diakos NA, Davis GE, Metzstein MM, Whitehead KJ, Li DY. Mutations in 2 distinct genetic pathways result in cerebral cavernous malformations in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1871-81. [PMID: 21490399 DOI: 10.1172/jci44393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are a common type of vascular malformation in the brain that are a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke. This condition has been independently linked to 3 separate genes: Krev1 interaction trapped (KRIT1), Cerebral cavernous malformation 2 (CCM2), and Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10). Despite the commonality in disease pathology caused by mutations in these 3 genes, we found that the loss of Pdcd10 results in significantly different developmental, cell biological, and signaling phenotypes from those seen in the absence of Ccm2 and Krit1. PDCD10 bound to germinal center kinase III (GCKIII) family members, a subset of serine-threonine kinases, and facilitated lumen formation by endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that CCM may be a common tissue manifestation of distinct mechanistic pathways. Nevertheless, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for either Pdcd10 or Ccm2 resulted in CCMs in mice. The murine phenotype induced by loss of either protein reproduced all of the key clinical features observed in human patients with CCM, as determined by direct comparison with genotype-specific human surgical specimens. These results suggest that CCM may be more effectively treated by directing therapies based on the underlying genetic mutation rather than treating the condition as a single clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey C Chan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Davis GE, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A. Molecular Control of Vascular Tube Morphogenesis and Stabilization: Regulation by Extracellular Matrix, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Endothelial Cell–Pericyte Interactions. Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and Assembly 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7835-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Davis GE, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A, Koh W. Molecular basis for endothelial lumen formation and tubulogenesis during vasculogenesis and angiogenic sprouting. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2011; 288:101-65. [PMID: 21482411 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386041-5.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many studies reveal a fundamental role for extracellular matrix-mediated signaling through integrins and Rho GTPases as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the molecular control of vascular tube morphogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) tissue environments. Recent work has defined an endothelial cell (EC) lumen signaling complex of proteins that controls these vascular morphogenic events. These findings reveal a signaling interdependence between Cdc42 and MT1-MMP to control the 3D matrix-specific process of EC tubulogenesis. The EC tube formation process results in the creation of a network of proteolytically generated vascular guidance tunnels in 3D matrices that are utilized to remodel EC-lined tubes through EC motility and could facilitate processes such as flow-induced remodeling and arteriovenous EC sorting and differentiation. Within vascular guidance tunnels, key dynamic interactions occur between ECs and pericytes to affect vessel remodeling, diameter, and vascular basement membrane matrix assembly, a fundamental process necessary for endothelial tube maturation and stabilization. Thus, the EC lumen and tube formation mechanism coordinates the concomitant establishment of a network of vascular tubes within tunnel spaces to allow for flow responsiveness, EC-mural cell interactions, and vascular extracellular matrix assembly to control the development of the functional microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Fisher KE, Sacharidou A, Stratman AN, Mayo AM, Fisher SB, Mahan RD, Davis MJ, Davis GE. MT1-MMP- and Cdc42-dependent signaling co-regulate cell invasion and tunnel formation in 3D collagen matrices. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4558-69. [PMID: 19934222 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex signaling events control tumor invasion in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices. Recent evidence suggests that cells utilize both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent and MMP-independent means to traverse 3D matrices. Herein, we demonstrate that lysophosphatidic-acid-induced HT1080 cell invasion requires membrane-type-1 (MT1)-MMP-mediated collagenolysis to generate matrix conduits the width of a cellular nucleus. We define these spaces as single-cell invasion tunnels (SCITs). Once established, cells can migrate within SCITs in an MMP-independent manner. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts also generate SCITs during invasive events, suggesting that SCIT formation represents a fundamental mechanism of cellular motility within 3D matrices. Coordinated cellular signaling events are required during SCIT formation. MT1-MMP, Cdc42 and its associated downstream effectors such as MRCK (myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase) and Pak4 (p21 protein-activated kinase 4), protein kinase Calpha and the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCK-1 and ROCK-2) coordinate signaling necessary for SCIT formation. Finally, we show that MT1-MMP and Cdc42 are fundamental components of a co-associated invasion-signaling complex that controls directed single-cell invasion of 3D collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Fisher
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Koh W, Sachidanandam K, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A, Mayo AM, Murphy EA, Cheresh DA, Davis GE. Formation of endothelial lumens requires a coordinated PKCepsilon-, Src-, Pak- and Raf-kinase-dependent signaling cascade downstream of Cdc42 activation. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1812-22. [PMID: 19435802 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.045799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present data showing that Cdc42-dependent lumen formation by endothelial cells (ECs) in three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices involves coordinated signaling by PKCepsilon in conjunction with the Src-family kinases (SFKs) Src and Yes. Activated SFKs interact with Cdc42 in multiprotein signaling complexes that require PKCepsilon during this process. Src and Yes are differentially expressed during EC lumen formation and siRNA suppression of either kinase, but not Fyn or Lyn, results in significant inhibition of EC lumen formation. Concurrent with Cdc42 activation, PKCepsilon- and SFK-dependent signaling converge to activate p21-activated kinase (Pak)2 and Pak4 in steps that are also required for EC lumen formation. Pak2 and Pak4 further activate two Raf kinases, B-Raf and C-Raf, leading to ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) activation, which all seem to be necessary for EC lumen formation. This work reveals a multicomponent kinase signaling pathway downstream of integrin-matrix interactions and Cdc42 activation involving PKCepsilon, Src, Yes, Pak2, Pak4, B-Raf, C-Raf and ERK1/2 to control EC lumen formation in 3D collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshill Koh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Davis GE, Stratman AN. MT1-MMP, vascular guidance tunnels, and EC-pericyte tube assembly. Matrix Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.09.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Davis GE, Stratman AN, Koh W, Sacharidou A, Davis MJ. Control of microvascular tube assembly by endothelial cell‐pericyte interactions. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.383.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO
| | - Wonshill Koh
- Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO
| | - Michael J. Davis
- Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO
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Davis GE, Koh W, Stratman AN. Mechanisms controlling human endothelial lumen formation and tube assembly in three-dimensional extracellular matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 81:270-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Koh W, Stratman AN, Sacharidou A, Davis GE. In vitro three dimensional collagen matrix models of endothelial lumen formation during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods Enzymol 2008; 443:83-101. [PMID: 18772012 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)02005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery and comprehension of detailed molecular signaling pathways underlying endothelial vascular morphogenic events including endothelial lumen formation are key steps in understanding their roles during embryonic development, as well as during various disease states. Studies that used in vitro three-dimensional (3D) matrix endothelial cell morphogenic assay models, in conjunction with in vivo studies, have been essential to identifying molecules and explaining their related signaling pathways that regulate endothelial cell morphogenesis. We present methods to study molecular mechanisms controlling EC lumen formation in 3D collagen matrices. In vitro models representing vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereby EC lumen formation and tube morphogenesis readily occur, are described. We also detail different methods of gene manipulation in ECs and their application to analyze critical signaling events regulating EC lumen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshill Koh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Dalton Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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