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Herath M, Speer AL. Bioengineering of Intestinal Grafts. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:461-472. [PMID: 39068007 PMCID: PMC11284275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal failure manifests as an impaired capacity of the intestine to sufficiently absorb vital nutrients and electrolytes essential for growth and well-being in pediatric and adult populations. Although parenteral nutrition remains the mainstay therapeutic approach, the pursuit of a definitive and curative strategy, such as regenerative medicine, is imperative. Substantial advancements in the field of engineered intestinal tissues present a promising avenue for addressing intestinal failure; nevertheless, extensive research is still necessary for effective translation from experimental benchwork to clinical bedside applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushani Herath
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.254, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison L Speer
- Program in Children's Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 5.254, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zehra B, Mohamed N, Farhat A, Bru-Mercier G, Satsangi D, Tambi R, Kamarudheen R, Kumail M, Khalil R, Pessia M, D'Adamo MC, Berdiev BK, Uddin M. Integrative analysis of long isoform sequencing and functional data identifies distinct cortical layer neuronal subtypes derived from human iPSCs. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:653-665. [PMID: 38988287 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00045.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through reprogramming was a transformational change in the field of regenerative medicine that led to new possibilities for drug discovery and cell replacement therapy. Several protocols have been established to differentiate hiPSCs into neuronal lineages. However, low differentiation efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of these approaches. Here, we compared the efficiency of two methods of neuronal differentiation from iPSCs cultured in two different culture media, StemFlex Medium (SFM) and Essential 8 Medium (E8M). The results indicated that iPSCs cultured in E8M efficiently generated different types of neurons in a shorter time and without the growth of undifferentiated nonneuronal cells in the culture as compared with those generated from iPSCs in SFM. Furthermore, these neurons were validated as functional units immunocytochemically by confirming the expression of mature neuronal markers (i.e., NeuN, β tubulin, and Synapsin I) and whole cell patch-clamp recordings. Long-read single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the presence of upper and deep layer cortical layer excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes in addition to small populations of GABAergic neurons in day 30 neuronal cultures. Pathway analysis indicated that our protocol triggers the signaling transcriptional networks important for the process of neuronal differentiation in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Low differentiation efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of the existing protocols to differentiate iPSCs into neuronal lineages. Here, we present time-efficient and robust approach of neuronal differentiation leading to the generation of functional brain units, cortical layer neurons. We found iPSCs cultured in Essential 8 media (E8M) resulted in neuronal differentiation without the signs of growth of spontaneously differentiated cells in culture at any point in 35 days compared with Stemflex media (SFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Binte Zehra
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesrin Mohamed
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Farhat
- Dioscuri Centre in Topological Data Analysis, Mathematical Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gilles Bru-Mercier
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dharana Satsangi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richa Tambi
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rihana Kamarudheen
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Kumail
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Khalil
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Bakhrom K Berdiev
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Bannerman D, Gil de Gomez SP, Wu Q, Fernandes I, Zhao Y, Wagner KT, Okhovatian S, Landau S, Raftian N, Bodenstein DF, Wang Y, Nash TR, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Keller G, Epelman S, Radisic M. Heart-on-a-Chip Model of Epicardial-Myocardial Interaction in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302642. [PMID: 38683053 PMCID: PMC11338737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Epicardial cells (EPIs) form the outer layer of the heart and play an important role in development and disease. Current heart-on-a-chip platforms still do not fully mimic the native cardiac environment due to the absence of relevant cell types, such as EPIs. Here, using the Biowire II platform, engineered cardiac tissues with an epicardial outer layer and inner myocardial structure are constructed, and an image analysis approach is developed to track the EPI cell migration in a beating myocardial environment. Functional properties of EPI cardiac tissues improve over two weeks in culture. In conditions mimicking ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), the EPI cardiac tissues experience less cell death and a lower impact on functional properties. EPI cell coverage is significantly reduced and more diffuse under normoxic conditions compared to the post-IRI conditions. Upon IRI, migration of EPI cells into the cardiac tissue interior is observed, with contributions to alpha smooth muscle actin positive cell population. Altogether, a novel heart-on-a-chip model is designed to incorporate EPIs through a formation process that mimics cardiac development, and this work demonstrates that EPI cardiac tissues respond to injury differently than epicardium-free controls, highlighting the importance of including EPIs in heart-on-a-chip constructs that aim to accurately mimic the cardiac environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Bannerman
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Pascual Gil de Gomez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Fernandes
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl T. Wagner
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naimeh Raftian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F. Bodenstein
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor R. Nash
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre
| | - Milica Radisic
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Soares CSP, Ribeiro MHL. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: From Regulatory Status to Clinical Translation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:436-447. [PMID: 38149607 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, considered the deadliest worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO), lack effective therapies for regenerating cardiomyocytes. With their self-renewal and pluripotency capabilities, stem cell therapies are increasingly used in precision medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising alternative to embryonic stem cells. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) principles are not yet adapted for large-scale production of iPSCs. Additionally, the quality risk for iPSC products may not always be possible to eliminate, potentially jeopardizing the health of patients. This review aims to identify critical quality attributes (CQAs) for iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for the development of cardiovascular therapy to ensure compliance with regulations and safety for patients. To attain these goals, the literature review was conducted with articles related to iPSCs and iPSC-CM therapies, legislation, and regulatory guidelines of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). In conclusion, additional regulations and guidelines are needed to monitor differentiation, maturation, and tumorigenicity. GMP-compliant cell banks and fast-track approval systems may increase accessibility for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria H L Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (i-Med.ULisboa), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Li Q, Wang C, Zhang S, Fu Z, Jiao X, Jin ZB, Hejtmancik JF, Peng X. Bietti's crystalline dystrophy: genotyping and deep qualitative and quantitative phenotyping in preparation for clinical trials. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:1145-1153. [PMID: 37963713 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To qualitatively and quantitatively characterise the genotypes and phenotypes of Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) in a cohort of patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional and observational study. METHODS Clinically confirmed BCD patients were recruited for genotyping and phenotyping. Multiple retinal imaging modalities were employed. Atrophy in the fovea was adopted as major consideration for staging strategy, while percentage area of autofluorescence (AF) atrophy (PAFA) in the macula was determined for quantitation. RESULTS In 74 clinically diagnosed BCD patients, c.802-8_810del17insGC was shown the predominant variant of the CYP4V2 gene (allele frequency 55.4%). Sixty-two cases (123 eyes) with full imaging data were classified according to a modified criterion into stages 1 (n=8, 6.50%), 2A (n=9, 7.32%), 2B (n=17, 13.82%), 3A (n=30, 24.39%) and 3B (n=59, 47.97%). The eyes of the stage 2B were particularly deemed 'high risk' due to atrophy near fovea, while in stage 3A, though with remarkable foveal atrophy, preserved retinal pigment epithelium/photoreceptor islands near the fovea were found in 14 eyes. A tendency of increase in PAFA with age was found (rs=0.31, p=0.014). Significant PAFA increase was shown through stages 1 to 3B, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution) was shown to moderately correlate with PAFA (rs=0.56, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The PAFA might be an efficient biomarker for BCD severities correlating with BCVA. The highly heterogeneous chorioretinopathy and BCVA of BCD cases appear to be associated with disease stages, progression types and patients' ages. Foveal involvement should be of a major concern for consideration of potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - James Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Gregor A, Zweier C. Modelling phenotypes, variants and pathomechanisms of syndromic diseases in different systems. MED GENET-BERLIN 2024; 36:121-131. [PMID: 38854643 PMCID: PMC11154186 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2024-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this review we describe different model organisms and systems that are commonly used to study syndromic disorders. Different use cases in modeling diseases, underlying pathomechanisms and specific effects of certain variants are elucidated. We also highlight advantages and limitations of different systems. Models discussed include budding yeast, the nematode worm, the fruit fly, the frog, zebrafish, mice and human cell-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gregor
- University of BernDepartment of Human GeneticsInselspital Bern3010BernSwitzerland
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7
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Plug BC, Revers IM, Breur M, González GM, Timmerman JA, Meijns NRC, Hamberg D, Wagendorp J, Nutma E, Wolf NI, Luchicchi A, Mansvelder HD, van Til NP, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Human post-mortem organotypic brain slice cultures: a tool to study pathomechanisms and test therapies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:83. [PMID: 38822428 PMCID: PMC11140981 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain experimental models recapitulating age- and disease-related characteristics are lacking. There is urgent need for human-specific tools that model the complex molecular and cellular interplay between different cell types to assess underlying disease mechanisms and test therapies. Here we present an adapted ex vivo organotypic slice culture method using human post-mortem brain tissue cultured at an air-liquid interface to also study brain white matter. We assessed whether these human post-mortem brain slices recapitulate the in vivo neuropathology and if they are suitable for pathophysiological, experimental and pre-clinical treatment development purposes, specifically regarding leukodystrophies. Human post-mortem brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained from control, psychiatric and leukodystrophy donors. Slices were cultured up to six weeks, in culture medium with or without human cerebrospinal fluid. Human post-mortem organotypic brain slice cultures remained viable for at least six weeks ex vivo and maintained tissue structure and diversity of (neural) cell types. Supplementation with cerebrospinal fluid could improve slice recovery. Patient-derived organotypic slice cultures recapitulated and maintained known in vivo neuropathology. The cultures also showed physiologic multicellular responses to lysolecithin-induced demyelination ex vivo, indicating their suitability to study intrinsic repair mechanisms upon injury. The slice cultures were applicable for various experimental studies, as multi-electrode neuronal recordings. Finally, the cultures showed successful cell-type dependent transduction with gene therapy vectors. These human post-mortem organotypic brain slice cultures represent an adapted ex vivo model suitable for multifaceted studies of brain disease mechanisms, boosting translation from human ex vivo to in vivo. This model also allows for assessing potential treatment options, including gene therapy applications. Human post-mortem brain slice cultures are thus a valuable tool in preclinical research to study the pathomechanisms of a wide variety of brain diseases in living human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Plug
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilma M Revers
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gema Muñoz González
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Timmerman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Niels R C Meijns
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniek Hamberg
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jikke Wagendorp
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands.
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Que H, Mai E, Hu Y, Li H, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Han F, Li X, Gong P, Gu J. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells: a powerful tool for tissue damage repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1380785. [PMID: 38872932 PMCID: PMC11169632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1380785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a type of pluripotent cell with unique characteristics such as non-tumorigenic and pluripotent differentiation ability. After homing, Muse cells spontaneously differentiate into tissue component cells and supplement damaged/lost cells to participate in tissue repair. Importantly, Muse cells can survive in injured tissue for an extended period, stabilizing and promoting tissue repair. In addition, it has been confirmed that injection of exogenous Muse cells exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, immunomodulatory, and paracrine protective effects in vivo. The discovery of Muse cells is an important breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine. The article provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics, sources, and potential mechanisms of Muse cells for tissue repair and regeneration. This review serves as a foundation for the further utilization of Muse cells as a key clinical tool in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Desai D, Song T, Singh RR, Baby A, McNamara J, Green L, Nabavizadeh P, Ericksen M, Bazrafshan S, Natesan S, Sadayappan S. MYBPC3 D389V Variant Induces Hypercontractility in Cardiac Organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596463. [PMID: 38853909 PMCID: PMC11160759 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYBPC3 , encoding cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), is the most mutated gene known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, since little is known about the underlying etiology, additional in vitro studies are crucial to defining the underlying molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCM associated with a polymorphic variant (D389V) in MYBPC3 by using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac organoids (hCOs). METHODS The hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and hCOs were generated from human subjects to define the molecular, cellular, and functional changes caused by the MYBPC3 D389V variant. This variant is associated with increased fractional shortening and is highly prevalent in South Asian descendants. Recombinant C0-C2, N'-region of cMyBP-C (wildtype and D389V), and myosin S2 proteins were also utilized to perform binding and motility assays in vitro . RESULTS Confocal and electron microscopic analyses of hCOs generated from noncarriers (NC) and carriers of the MYBPC3 D389V variant revealed the presence of highly organized sarcomeres. Furthermore, functional experiments showed hypercontractility with increased contraction velocity, faster calcium cycling, and faster contractile kinetics in hCOs expressing MYBPC3 D389V than NC hCOs. Interestingly, significantly increased cMyBP-C phosphorylation in MYBPC3 D389V hCOs was observed, but without changes in total protein levels, in addition to higher oxidative stress and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Next, spatial mapping revealed the presence of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, immune cells, and cardiomyocytes in the hCOs. The hypercontractile function was significantly improved after treatment with the myosin inhibitor mavacamten (CAMZYOS®) in MYBPC3 D389V hCOs. Lastly, various in vitro binding assays revealed a significant loss of affinity in the presence of MYBPC3 D389V with myosin S2 region as a likely mechanism for hypercontraction. CONCLUSIONS Conceptually, we showed the feasibility of assessing the functional and molecular mechanisms of HCM using highly translatable hCOs through pragmatic experiments that led to determining the MYBPC3 D389V hypercontractile phenotype, which was rescued by administration of a myosin inhibitor. Novelty and Significance: What Is Known?: MYBPC3 mutations have been implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. D389V is a polymorphic variant of MYBPC3 predicted to be present in 53000 US South Asians owing to the founder effect. D389V carriers have shown evidence of hyperdynamic heart, and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes with D389V show cellular hypertrophy and irregular calcium transients. The molecular mechanism by which the D389V variant develops pathological cardiac dysfunction remains to be conclusively determined.What New Information Does This Article Contribute ?: The authors leveraged a highly translational cardiac organoid model to explore the role of altered cardiac calcium handling and cardiac contractility as a common pathway leading to pathophysiological phenotypes in patients with early HCM. The MYBPC3 D389V -mediated pathological pathway is first studied here by comparing functional properties using three-dimensional cardiac organoids differentiated from hiPSC and determining the presence of hypercontraction. Our data demonstrate that faster sarcomere kinetics resulting from lower binding affinity between D389V-mutated cMyBP-C protein and myosin S2, as evidenced by in vitro studies, could cause hypercontractility which was rescued by administration of mavacamten (CAMZYOS®), a myosin inhibitor. In addition, hypercontractility causes secondary mitochondrial defects such as higher oxidative stress and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), highlighting a possible early adaptive response to primary sarcomeric changes. Early treatment of MYBPC3 D389V carriers with mavacamten may prevent or reduce early HCM-related pathology. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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Zhang H, Wu LZ, Liu ZY, Jin ZB. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with a MERTK mutation exhibit cell junction abnormalities and aberrant cellular differentiation potential. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:512-524. [PMID: 38817331 PMCID: PMC11135251 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells, facilitating disease modeling, and investigating disease mechanisms. However, iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics. AIM To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential. METHODS We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation. Chromosomal karyotype analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification. Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential. Additionally, EVs were isolated from the supernatant, and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation. RESULTS The generated hiPSCs, both with and without a MERTK mutation, exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers; however, hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential, as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation. CONCLUSION HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes, including cell junction and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling-Zi Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
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11
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Chowdhury MM, Zimmerman S, Leeson H, Nefzger CM, Mar JC, Laslett A, Polo JM, Wolvetang E, Cooper-White JJ. Superior Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation through Phactr3-Driven Mechanomodulation of Both Early and Late Phases of Cell Reprogramming. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0025. [PMID: 38774128 PMCID: PMC11106629 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming traditionally involves time-intensive, multistage, costly tissue culture polystyrene-based cell culture practices that ultimately produce low numbers of reprogrammed cells of variable quality. Previous studies have shown that very soft 2- and 3-dimensional hydrogel substrates/matrices (of stiffnesses ≤ 1 kPa) can drive ~2× improvements in human cell reprogramming outcomes. Unfortunately, these similarly complex multistage protocols lack intrinsic scalability, and, furthermore, the associated underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, limiting the potential to further maximize reprogramming outcomes. In screening the largest range of polyacrylamide (pAAm) hydrogels of varying stiffness to date (1 kPa to 1.3 MPa), we have found that a medium stiffness gel (~100 kPa) increased the overall number of reprogrammed cells by up to 10-fold (10×), accelerated reprogramming kinetics, improved both early and late phases of reprogramming, and produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) having more naïve characteristics and lower remnant transgene expression, compared to the gold standard tissue culture polystyrene practice. Functionalization of these pAAm hydrogels with poly-l-dopamine enabled, for the first-time, continuous, single-step reprogramming of fibroblasts to iPSCs on hydrogel substrates (noting that even the tissue culture polystyrene practice is a 2-stage process). Comparative RNA sequencing analyses coupled with experimental validation revealed that a novel reprogramming regulator, protein phosphatase and actin regulator 3, up-regulated under the gel condition at a very early time point, was responsible for the observed enhanced reprogramming outcomes. This study provides a novel culture protocol and substrate for continuous hydrogel-based cell reprogramming and previously unattained clarity of the underlying mechanisms via which substrate stiffness modulates reprogramming kinetics and iPSC quality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahfuz Chowdhury
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Leeson
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Cara Mar
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew Laslett
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose Maria Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute,
Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics and the South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin John Cooper-White
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Andrew N. Liveris Building,
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Bogomiakova ME, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA. Dysregulation of Immune Tolerance to Autologous iPSCs and Their Differentiated Derivatives. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:799-816. [PMID: 38880643 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), capable of differentiating into any cell type, are a promising tool for solving the problem of donor organ shortage. In addition, reprogramming technology makes it possible to obtain a personalized, i.e., patient-specific, cell product transplantation of which should not cause problems related to histocompatibility of the transplanted tissues and organs. At the same time, inconsistent information about the main advantage of autologous iPSC-derivatives - lack of immunogenicity - still casts doubt on the possibility of using such cells beyond immunosuppressive therapy protocols. This review is devoted to immunogenic properties of the syngeneic and autologous iPSCs and their derivatives, as well as to the reasons for dysregulation of their immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Bogomiakova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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13
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Salcedo C, Pozo Garcia V, García-Adán B, Ameen AO, Gegelashvili G, Waagepetersen HS, Freude KK, Aldana BI. Increased glucose metabolism and impaired glutamate transport in human astrocytes are potential early triggers of abnormal extracellular glutamate accumulation in hiPSC-derived models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:822-840. [PMID: 38063257 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate recycling between neurons and astrocytes is essential to maintain neurotransmitter homeostasis. Disturbances in glutamate homeostasis, resulting in excitotoxicity and neuronal death, have been described as a potential mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, glutamate neurotransmitter metabolism in different human brain cells, particularly astrocytes, has been poorly investigated at the early stages of AD. We sought to investigate glucose and glutamate metabolism in AD by employing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons carrying mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilin-1 (PSEN-1) gene as found in familial types of AD (fAD). Methods such as live-cell bioenergetics and metabolic mapping using [13C]-enriched substrates were used to examine metabolism in the early stages of AD. Our results revealed greater glycolysis and glucose oxidative metabolism in astrocytes and neurons with APP or PSEN-1 mutations, accompanied by an elevated glutamate synthesis compared to control WT cells. Astrocytes with APP or PSEN-1 mutations exhibited reduced expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), and glutamine uptake increased in mutated neurons, with enhanced glutamate release specifically in neurons with a PSEN-1 mutation. These results demonstrate a hypermetabolic phenotype in astrocytes with fAD mutations possibly linked to toxic glutamate accumulation. Our findings further identify metabolic imbalances that may occur in the early phases of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria Pozo Garcia
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernat García-Adán
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aishat O Ameen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgi Gegelashvili
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Cerneckis J, Cai H, Shi Y. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38670977 PMCID: PMC11053163 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongxia Cai
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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15
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Hartmann SM, Heider J, Wüst R, Fallgatter AJ, Volkmer H. Microglia-neuron interactions in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1345349. [PMID: 38510107 PMCID: PMC10950997 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1345349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate increased neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells to play a key role in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Microglia, which are the primary innate immune cells of the brain, are crucial for the refinement of the synaptic circuitry during early brain development by synaptic pruning and the regulation of synaptic plasticity during adulthood. Schizophrenia risk factors as genetics or environmental influences may further be linked to increased activation of microglia, an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and activation of the inflammasome resulting in an overall elevated neuroinflammatory state in patients. Synaptic loss, one of the central pathological hallmarks of schizophrenia, is believed to be due to excess removal of synapses by activated microglia, primarily affecting glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate microglia-neuron interactions, which has been done by multiple studies focusing on post-mortem brain tissues, brain imaging, animal models and patient iPSC-derived 2D culture systems. In this review, we summarize the major findings in patients and in vivo and in vitro models in the context of neuron-microglia interactions in schizophrenia and secondly discuss the potential of anti-inflammatory treatments for the alleviation of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia-Marie Hartmann
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Heider
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Richard Wüst
- Department of Psychiatry, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Volkmer
- Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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16
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Delgado CA, Poletto E, Vera LNP, Jacques CED, Vianna P, Reinhardt LS, Baldo G, Vargas CR. Effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 in oxidative damage and mitochondrial membrane potential in an attenuated type II mucopolysaccharidosis cellular model. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3932. [PMID: 38332678 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an inborn error of the metabolism resulting from several possible mutations in the gene coding for iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to a great clinical heterogeneity presented by these patients. Many studies demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of inborn errors of metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can be related since most of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Cellular models have been used to study different diseases and are useful in biochemical research to investigate them in a new promising way. The aim of this study is to develop a heterozygous cellular model for MPS II and analyze parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and investigate the in vitro effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 on these parameters for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. The HP18 cells (heterozygous c.261_266del6/c.259_261del3) showed almost null results in the activity of the IDS enzyme and presented accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), allowing the characterization of this knockout cellular model by MPS II gene editing. An increase in the production of reactive species was demonstrated (p < .05 compared with WT vehicle group) and genistein at concentrations of 25 and 50 µm decreased in vitro its production (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group), but there was no effect of coenzyme Q10 in this parameter. There was a tendency for lysosomal pH change in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and none of the antioxidants tested demonstrated any effect on this parameter. There was no increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and oxidative damage to DNA in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and neither genistein nor coenzyme q10 had any effect on these parameters. Regarding mitochondrial membrane potential, genistein induced mitochondrial depolarization in both concentrations tested (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group and compared with WT vehicle group) and incubation with coenzyme Q10 demonstrated no effect on this parameter. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that our cellular model could be compared with a milder MPS II phenotype, given that the accumulation of GAGs in lysosomes is not as expressive as another cellular model for MPS II presented in the literature. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that there is no mitochondrial depolarization and no DNA damage, since there is less lysosomal impairment, as well as less redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aguilar Delgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Vianna
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Serna Villa V, Ren X. Lung Progenitor and Stem Cell Transplantation as a Potential Regenerative Therapy for Lung Diseases. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00675. [PMID: 38416452 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are debilitating illnesses ranking among the top causes of death globally. Currently, clinically available therapeutic options capable of curing chronic lung diseases are limited to lung transplantation, which is hindered by donor organ shortage. This highlights the urgent need for alternative strategies to repair damaged lung tissues. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue for regenerative treatment of the lung, which involves delivery of healthy lung epithelial progenitor cells that subsequently engraft in the injured tissue and further differentiate to reconstitute the functional respiratory epithelium. These transplanted progenitor cells possess the remarkable ability to self-renew, thereby offering the potential for sustained long-term treatment effects. Notably, the transplantation of basal cells, the airway stem cells, holds the promise for rehabilitating airway injuries resulting from environmental factors or genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis. Similarly, for diseases affecting the alveoli, alveolar type II cells have garnered interest as a viable alveolar stem cell source for restoring the lung parenchyma from genetic or environmentally induced dysfunctions. Expanding upon these advancements, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to derive lung progenitor cells for transplantation offers advantages such as scalability and patient specificity. In this review, we comprehensively explore the progress made in lung stem cell transplantation, providing insights into the current state of the field and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Serna Villa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Supakul S, Murakami R, Oyama C, Shindo T, Hatakeyama Y, Itsuno M, Bannai H, Shibata S, Maeda S, Okano H. Mutual interaction of neurons and astrocytes derived from iPSCs with APP V717L mutation developed the astrocytic phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:8. [PMID: 38419091 PMCID: PMC10900748 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has enabled human cellular disease modeling for inaccessible cell types, such as neural cells in the brain. However, many of the iPSC-derived disease models established to date typically involve only a single cell type. These monoculture models are inadequate for accurately simulating the brain environment, where multiple cell types interact. The limited cell type diversity in monoculture models hinders the accurate recapitulation of disease phenotypes resulting from interactions between different cell types. Therefore, our goal was to create cell models that include multiple interacting cell types to better recapitulate disease phenotypes. METHODS To establish a co-culture model of neurons and astrocytes, we individually induced neurons and astrocytes from the same iPSCs using our novel differentiation methods, and then co-cultured them. We evaluated the effects of co-culture on neurons and astrocytes using immunocytochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy, and Ca2+ imaging. We also developed a co-culture model using iPSCs from a patient with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient (APP V717L mutation) to investigate whether this model would manifest disease phenotypes not seen in the monoculture models. RESULTS The co-culture of the neurons and astrocytes increased the branching of astrocyte processes, the number of GFAP-positive cells, neuronal activities, the number of synapses, and the density of presynaptic vesicles. In addition, immuno-electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a tripartite synaptic structure in the co-culture model, and inhibition of glutamate transporters increased neuronal activity. Compared to the co-culture model of the control iPSCs, the co-culture model of familial AD developed astrogliosis-like phenotype, which was not observed in the monoculture model of astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Co-culture of iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes enhanced the morphological changes mimicking the in vivo condition of both cell types. The formation of the functional tripartite synaptic structures in the co-culture model suggested the mutual interaction between the cells. Furthermore, the co-culture model with the APP V717L mutation expressed in neurons exhibited an astrocytic phenotype reminiscent of AD brain pathology. These results suggest that our co-culture model is a valuable tool for disease modeling of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopak Supakul
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rei Murakami
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chisato Oyama
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Hatakeyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Maika Itsuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bannai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Zhang T, Qian C, Song M, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Dong G, Shen Q, Chen W, Wang A, Shen S, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Application Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Organoids and Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2680. [PMID: 38473926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been hailed as a powerful tool for comprehending disease etiology and advancing drug screening across various domains. While earlier iPSC-based disease modeling and drug assessment primarily operated at the cellular level, recent years have witnessed a significant shift towards organoid-based investigations. Organoids derived from iPSCs offer distinct advantages, particularly in enabling the observation of disease progression and drug metabolism in an in vivo-like environment, surpassing the capabilities of iPSC-derived cells. Furthermore, iPSC-based cell therapy has emerged as a focal point of clinical interest. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of non-integrative reprogramming methods that have evolved since the inception of iPSC technology. We also deliver a comprehensive examination of iPSC-derived organoids, spanning the realms of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and oncology, as well as systematically elucidate recent advancements in iPSC-related cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuhong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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20
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Hadzimustafic N, D’Elia A, Shamoun V, Haykal S. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1863. [PMID: 38339142 PMCID: PMC10855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hadzimustafic
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrew D’Elia
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Shamoun
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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21
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Liu DH, Tseng HC, Lee MS, Chiou GY, Wang CT, Lin YY, Lai WY, Liu YH, Wang CY, Lee CY, Kao CL, Chen CF, Chien Y. Overcoming the challenges of scalable iPSC generation in translation medicine. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:163-170. [PMID: 38132887 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in revolutionizing regenerative medicine cannot be overstated. iPSCs offer a profound opportunity for therapies involving cell replacement, disease modeling, and cell transplantation. However, the widespread application of iPSC cellular therapy faces hurdles, including the imperative to regulate iPSC differentiation rigorously and the inherent genetic disparities among individuals. To address these challenges, the concept of iPSC super donors emerges, holding exceptional genetic attributes and advantageous traits. These super donors serve as a wellspring of standardized, high-quality cell sources, mitigating inter-individual variations and augmenting the efficacy of therapy. METHODS In pursuit of this goal, our study embarked on the establishment of iPSC cell lines specifically sourced from donors possessing the HLA type (A33:03-B58:01-DRB1*03:01). The reprogramming process was meticulously executed, resulting in the successful generation of iPSC lines from these carefully selected donors. Subsequently, an extensive characterization was conducted to comprehensively understand the features and attributes of these iPSC lines. RESULTS The outcomes of our research were highly promising. The reprogramming efforts culminated in the generation of iPSC lines from donors with the specified HLA type. These iPSC lines displayed a range of distinctive characteristics that were thoroughly examined and documented. This successful generation of iPSC lines from super donors possessing advantageous genetic traits represents a significant stride towards the realization of their potential in therapeutic applications. CONCLUSION In summary, our study marks a crucial milestone in the realm of regenerative medicine. The establishment of iPSC lines from super donors with specific HLA types signifies a paradigm shift in addressing challenges related to iPSC cellular therapy. The standardized and high-quality cell sources derived from these super donors hold immense potential for various therapeutic applications. As we move forward, these findings provide a solid foundation for further research and development, ultimately propelling the field of regenerative medicine toward new horizons of efficacy and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Chin Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Shiue Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Tien Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Fong Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Nguyen Thi YV, Ngo AD, Chu DT, Lin SC, Wu CC. RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 204:163-176. [PMID: 38458737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that millions of people around the world experience various types of tissue injuries every year. Regenerative medicine was born and developed for understanding and application with the aim of replacing affected organs or some cells. The research, manufacture, production, and distribution of RNA in cells have acted as a basic foundation for the development and testing of therapies and treatments that are widely applied in different fields of medicine. Vaccines against COVID-19 are considered one of the brilliant and outstanding successes of RNA therapeutics research. With the characteristics of bio-derived RNA therapeutics, the mechanism of rapid implementation, safe production, and flexibility to create proteins depending on actual requirements. Based on the advantages above in this review, we discuss RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine, and the types of RNA therapies currently being used for regenerative medicine. The relationship between disease and regenerative medicine is currently being studied or tested in RNA therapeutics. We have also covered the mechanisms of action of RNA therapy for regenerative medicine and some of the limitations in our current understanding of the effects of RNA therapy in this area. Additionally, we have also covered developing RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine, focusing on RNA therapeutics for regenerative medicine. As a final point, we discuss potential applications for therapeutics for regenerative medicine in the future, as well as their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Vy Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Dao Ngo
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Che Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Sarker DB, Xue Y, Mahmud F, Jocelyn JA, Sang QXA. Interconversion of Cancer Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38247819 PMCID: PMC10814385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), share many molecular features with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that enable the derivation of induced pluripotent cancer cells by reprogramming malignant cells. Conversely, normal iPSCs can be converted into cancer stem-like cells with the help of tumor microenvironment components and genetic manipulation. These CSC models can be utilized in oncogenic initiation and progression studies, understanding drug resistance, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of pluripotency factors in the stemness, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Different methods to obtain iPSC-derived CSC models are described with an emphasis on exposure-based approaches. Culture in cancer cell-conditioned media or cocultures with cancer cells can convert normal iPSCs into cancer stem-like cells, aiding the examination of processes of oncogenesis. We further explored the potential of reprogramming cancer cells into cancer-iPSCs for mechanistic studies and cancer dependencies. The contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and tumor microenvironment factors can be evaluated using these models. Overall, integrating iPSC technology into cancer stem cell research holds significant promise for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and accelerating the development of innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Faiza Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jocelyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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24
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Kilic P, Cosar B. An Optimized Protocol for piggyBac-Induced iPSC Generation from hPBMCs by Automatic Electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:193-205. [PMID: 37651076 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the Yamanaka transcription factors, pluripotency is recovered in the cell culture dish during in vitro cell reprogramming. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been introduced to the scientific world as a source of disease models, which are predominantly used in drug discovery and monitoring disease pathophysiology, and as a source of master cell lines for developing cellular therapies. Successfully attaining iPSCs requires careful optimization of many factors, including selection of the transfection method and the appropriate transfection agents; culturing conditions before and after transfection; recovery conditions after transfection, freezing, and thawing; storage conditions; and the choice of cost-effective cell and colony characterization and molecular verification steps. In our optimized procedure, we describe the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after blood harvest and their efficient reprogramming into iPSCs using automated electroporator, with piggyBac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kilic
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Begum Cosar
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Xie R, Pal V, Yu Y, Lu X, Gao M, Liang S, Huang M, Peng W, Ozbolat IT. A comprehensive review on 3D tissue models: Biofabrication technologies and preclinical applications. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122408. [PMID: 38041911 PMCID: PMC10843844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal testing, when it comes to precisely foreseeing the toxicity and clinical effectiveness of potential drug candidates, have resulted in a notable increase in the rate of failure during the process of drug discovery and development. Three-dimensional (3D) in-vitro models have arisen as substitute platforms with the capacity to accurately depict in-vivo conditions and increasing the predictivity of clinical effects and toxicity of drug candidates. It has been found that 3D models can accurately represent complex tissue structure of human body and can be used for a wide range of disease modeling purposes. Recently, substantial progress in biomedicine, materials and engineering have been made to fabricate various 3D in-vitro models, which have been exhibited better disease progression predictivity and drug effects than convention models, suggesting a promising direction in pharmaceutics. This comprehensive review highlights the recent developments in 3D in-vitro tissue models for preclinical applications including drug screening and disease modeling targeting multiple organs and tissues, like liver, bone, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart, brain, and cartilage. We discuss current strategies for fabricating 3D models for specific organs with their strengths and pitfalls. We expand future considerations for establishing a physiologically-relevant microenvironment for growing 3D models and also provide readers with a perspective on intellectual property, industry, and regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yanrong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Mengwei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Shijie Liang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, JX, China; School of Pharmaceutics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, JX, 330006, China.
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey; Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01130, Turkey.
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26
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Southwell DG. Interneuron Transplantation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:151-160. [PMID: 38000838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Current epilepsy surgical techniques, such as brain resection, laser ablation, and neurostimulation, target seizure networks macroscopically, and they may yield an unfavorable balance between seizure reduction, procedural invasiveness, and neurologic morbidity. The transplantation of GABAergic interneurons is a regenerative technique for altering neural inhibition in cortical circuits, with potential as an alternative and minimally invasive approach to epilepsy treatment. This article (1) reviews some of the preclinical evidence supporting interneuron transplantation as an epilepsy therapy, (2) describes a first-in-human study of interneuron transplantation for epilepsy, and (3) considers knowledge gaps that stand before the effective clinical application of this novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Southwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate Program in Neurobiology, Duke University, DUMC 3807, 200 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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27
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Dai S, Qiu L, Veeraraghavan VP, Sheu CL, Mony U. Advances in iPSC Technology in Neural Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Therapy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:809-819. [PMID: 37291782 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230608105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease are all incurable and can only be managed with drugs for the associated symptoms. Animal models of human illnesses help to advance our understanding of the pathogenic processes of diseases. Understanding the pathogenesis as well as drug screening using appropriate disease models of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are vital for identifying novel therapies. Human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models can be an efficient model to create disease in a dish and thereby can proceed with drug screening and identifying appropriate drugs. This technology has many benefits, including efficient reprogramming and regeneration potential, multidirectional differentiation, and the lack of ethical concerns, which open up new avenues for studying neurological illnesses in greater depth. The review mainly focuses on the use of iPSC technology in neuronal disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Linhui Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Chia-Lin Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
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28
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Mohammed OA, Elballal MS, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, El Tabaa MM, Elazazy O, Abd-Elmawla MA, Elesawy AE, Ibrahim HM, Abulsoud AI, El-Dakroury WA, Abdel Mageed SS, Elrebehy MA, Nomier Y, Abdel-Reheim MA, El-Husseiny HM, Mahmoud AMA, Saber S, Doghish AS. Unraveling the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, progression, and therapeutic intervention of Parkinson's disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155023. [PMID: 38081104 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by the impairment of the motor system, resulting in symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, difficulty with gait, and postural instability. The occurrence of striatal dopamine insufficiency can be attributed to a notable decline in dopaminergic neurons inside the substantia nigra pars compacta. Additionally, the development of Lewy bodies serves as a pathological hallmark of PD. While current therapy approaches for PD aim to preserve dopaminergic neurons or replenish dopamine levels in the brain, it is important to acknowledge that achieving complete remission of the condition remains elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are a class of small, non-coding ribonucleic acids involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs play a crucial part in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of several neurodegenerative illnesses, including PD. The aim of this review is to explore the role of miRNAs in regulating genes associated with the onset and progression of PD, investigate the potential of miRNAs as a diagnostic tool, assess the effectiveness of targeting specific miRNAs as an alternative therapeutic strategy to impede disease advancement, and discuss the utilization of newly developed nanoparticles for delivering miRNAs as neurodegenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Mohammed El Tabaa
- Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies & Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Henwa M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yousra Nomier
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M A Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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Rosalia M, Giacomini M, Tottoli EM, Dorati R, Bruni G, Genta I, Chiesa E, Pisani S, Sampaolesi M, Conti B. Investigation on Electrospun and Solvent-Casted PCL-PLGA Blends Scaffolds Embedded with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2736. [PMID: 38140077 PMCID: PMC10747843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The design, production, and characterisation of tissue-engineered scaffolds made of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and their blends obtained through electrospinning (ES) or solvent casting/particulate leaching (SC) manufacturing techniques are presented here. The polymer blend composition was chosen to always obtain a prevalence of one of the two polymers, in order to investigate the contribution of the less concentrated polymer on the scaffolds' properties. Physical-chemical characterization of ES scaffolds demonstrated that tailoring of fibre diameter and Young modulus (YM) was possible by controlling PCL concentration in PLGA-based blends, increasing the fibre diameter from 0.6 to 1.0 µm and reducing the YM from about 22 to 9 MPa. SC scaffolds showed a "bubble-like" topography, caused by the porogen spherical particles, which is responsible for decreasing the contact angles from about 110° in ES scaffolds to about 74° in SC specimens. Nevertheless, due to phase separation within the blend, solvent-casted samples displayed less reproducible properties. Furthermore, ES samples were characterised by 10-fold higher water uptake than SC scaffolds. The scaffolds suitability as iPSCs culturing support was evaluated using XTT assay, and pluripotency and integrin gene expression were investigated using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Thanks to their higher wettability and appropriate YM, SC scaffolds seemed to be superior in ensuring high cell viability over 5 days, whereas the ability to maintain iPSCs pluripotency status was found to be similar for ES and SC scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Rosalia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Martina Giacomini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Erika Maria Tottoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pisani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Head Unit of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology (SCDB), Head Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, ON4 Herestraat 49, Box 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (M.G.); (E.M.T.); (R.D.); (I.G.); (E.C.); (S.P.)
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Powell KA, Bohrer LR, Stone NE, Hittle B, Anfinson KR, Luangphakdy V, Muschler G, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA. Automated human induced pluripotent stem cell colony segmentation for use in cell culture automation applications. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:416-422. [PMID: 37454765 PMCID: PMC10775697 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated great promise for a variety of applications that include cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Production of clinical grade hiPSCs requires reproducible manufacturing methods with stringent quality-controls such as those provided by image-controlled robotic processing systems. In this paper we present an automated image analysis method for identifying and picking hiPSC colonies for clonal expansion using the CellXTM robotic cell processing system. This method couples a light weight deep learning segmentation approach based on the U-Net architecture to automatically segment the hiPSC colonies in full field of view (FOV) high resolution phase contrast images with a standardized approach for suggesting pick locations. The utility of this method is demonstrated using images and data obtained from the CellXTM system where clinical grade hiPSCs were reprogrammed, clonally expanded, and differentiated into retinal organoids for use in treatment of patients with inherited retinal degenerative blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimerly A Powell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Laura R Bohrer
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas E Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bradley Hittle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristin R Anfinson
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Viviane Luangphakdy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cell X Technologies Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Contreras-Jurado C, Montero-Pedrazuela A, Pérez RF, Alemany S, Fraga MF, Aranda A. The thyroid hormone enhances mouse embryonic fibroblasts reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells: role of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1235614. [PMID: 38107517 PMCID: PMC10722291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1235614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells can be generated from somatic cells by the Yamanaka factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were transduced with the Yamanaka factors and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was assessed by formation of alkaline phosphatase positive colonies, pluripotency gene expression and embryod bodies formation. Results The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) enhances MEFs reprogramming. T3-induced iPSCs resemble embryonic stem cells in terms of the expression profile and DNA methylation pattern of pluripotency genes, and of their potential for embryod body formation and differentiation into the three major germ layers. T3 induces reprogramming even though it increases expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, which are known to oppose acquisition of pluripotency. The actions of T3 on reprogramming are mainly mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor beta and T3 can enhance iPSC generation in the absence of c-Myc. The hormone cannot replace Oct4 on reprogramming, but in the presence of T3 is possible to obtain iPSCs, although with low efficiency, without exogenous Klf4. Furthermore, depletion of the corepressor NCoR (or Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1) reduces MEFs reprogramming in the absence of the hormone and strongly decreases iPSC generation by T3 and also by 9cis-retinoic acid, a well-known inducer of reprogramming. NCoR depletion also markedly antagonizes induction of pluripotency gene expression by both ligands. Conclusions Inclusion of T3 on reprogramming strategies has a potential use in enhancing the generation of functional iPSCs for studies of cell plasticity, disease and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl F. Pérez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Alemany
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Marzi SJ, Schilder BM, Nott A, Frigerio CS, Willaime-Morawek S, Bucholc M, Hanger DP, James C, Lewis PA, Lourida I, Noble W, Rodriguez-Algarra F, Sharif JA, Tsalenchuk M, Winchester LM, Yaman Ü, Yao Z, Ranson JM, Llewellyn DJ. Artificial intelligence for neurodegenerative experimental models. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5970-5987. [PMID: 37768001 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental models are essential tools in neurodegenerative disease research. However, the translation of insights and drugs discovered in model systems has proven immensely challenging, marred by high failure rates in human clinical trials. METHODS Here we review the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in experimental medicine for dementia research. RESULTS Considering the specific challenges of reproducibility and translation between other species or model systems and human biology in preclinical dementia research, we highlight best practices and resources that can be leveraged to quantify and evaluate translatability. We then evaluate how AI and ML approaches could be applied to enhance both cross-model reproducibility and translation to human biology, while sustaining biological interpretability. DISCUSSION AI and ML approaches in experimental medicine remain in their infancy. However, they have great potential to strengthen preclinical research and translation if based upon adequate, robust, and reproducible experimental data. HIGHLIGHTS There are increasing applications of AI in experimental medicine. We identified issues in reproducibility, cross-species translation, and data curation in the field. Our review highlights data resources and AI approaches as solutions. Multi-omics analysis with AI offers exciting future possibilities in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian M Schilder
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexi Nott
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Magda Bucholc
- School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick A Lewis
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy Noble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jalil-Ahmad Sharif
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Tsalenchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ümran Yaman
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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Molley TG, Engler AJ. Using biophysical cues and biomaterials to improve genetic models. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 28:100502. [PMID: 37927406 PMCID: PMC10624401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells and modern differentiation protocols, many advances in our understanding of disease have been made possible by in vitro disease modeling; in some cases, their use may have supplanted animal models. Yet in vitro models often rely on rigid cell culture substrates that could limit our ability to completely reproduce human disease in a dish. Nascent work, however, suggests that the combination of biomaterials and/or advanced microphysiological systems-which better recapitulate tissue properties-with stem cells expressing disease mimicking genetics, could substantially improve current disease modeling efforts where genetics alone is insufficient. This review will highlight such recent advances as well as review current challenges that the fields must overcome to create more personalized therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Molley
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam J Engler
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Wevers NR, De Vries HE. Microfluidic models of the neurovascular unit: a translational view. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:86. [PMID: 38008744 PMCID: PMC10680291 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature of the brain consists of specialized endothelial cells that form a blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier, in conjunction with supporting cell types, forms the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU restricts the passage of certain substances from the bloodstream while selectively permitting essential nutrients and molecules to enter the brain. This protective role is crucial for optimal brain function, but presents a significant obstacle in treating neurological conditions, necessitating chemical modifications or advanced drug delivery methods for most drugs to cross the NVU. A deeper understanding of NVU in health and disease will aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets and drug delivery strategies for improved treatment of neurological disorders.To achieve this goal, we need models that reflect the human BBB and NVU in health and disease. Although animal models of the brain's vasculature have proven valuable, they are often of limited translational relevance due to interspecies differences or inability to faithfully mimic human disease conditions. For this reason, human in vitro models are essential to improve our understanding of the brain's vasculature under healthy and diseased conditions. This review delves into the advancements in in vitro modeling of the BBB and NVU, with a particular focus on microfluidic models. After providing a historical overview of the field, we shift our focus to recent developments, offering insights into the latest achievements and their associated constraints. We briefly examine the importance of chip materials and methods to facilitate fluid flow, emphasizing their critical roles in achieving the necessary throughput for the integration of microfluidic models into routine experimentation. Subsequently, we highlight the recent strides made in enhancing the biological complexity of microfluidic NVU models and propose recommendations for elevating the biological relevance of future iterations.Importantly, the NVU is an intricate structure and it is improbable that any model will fully encompass all its aspects. Fit-for-purpose models offer a valuable compromise between physiological relevance and ease-of-use and hold the future of NVU modeling: as simple as possible, as complex as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke R Wevers
- MIMETAS BV, De Limes 7, Oegstgeest, 2342 DH, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga E De Vries
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection and Neuroinflammation, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hu Y, Hu X, Luo J, Huang J, Sun Y, Li H, Qiao Y, Wu H, Li J, Zhou L, Zheng S. Liver organoid culture methods. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:197. [PMID: 37915043 PMCID: PMC10619312 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids, three-dimensional structures cultured in vitro, can recapitulate the microenvironment, complex architecture, and cellular functions of in vivo organs or tissues. In recent decades, liver organoids have been developed rapidly, and their applications in biomedicine, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, have been widely recognized. However, the lack of repeatability and consistency, including the lack of standardized culture conditions, has been a major obstacle to the development and clinical application of liver organoids. It is time-consuming for researchers to identify an appropriate medium component scheme, and the usage of some ingredients remains controversial. In this review, we summarized and compared different methods for liver organoid cultivation that have been published in recent years, focusing on controversial medium components and discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We aimed to provide an effective reference for the development and standardization of liver organoid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaohan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yinbiao Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- The Organ Repair and Regeneration Medicine Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Wagner A, Mutschler H. Design principles and applications of synthetic self-replicating RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1803. [PMID: 37264531 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of ever more sophisticated methods for the in vitro synthesis and the in vivo delivery of RNAs, synthetic mRNAs have gained substantial interest both for medical applications, as well as for biotechnology. However, in most biological systems exogeneous mRNAs possess only a limited half-life, especially in fast dividing cells. In contrast, viral RNAs can extend their lifetime by actively replicating inside their host. As such they may serve as scaffolds for the design of synthetic self-replicating RNAs (srRNA), which can be used to increase both the half-life and intracellular concentration of coding RNAs. Synthetic srRNAs may be used to enhance recombinant protein expression or induce the reprogramming of differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells but also to create cell-free systems for research based on experimental evolution. In this article, we discuss the applications and design principles of srRNAs used for cellular reprogramming, mRNA-based vaccines and tools for synthetic biology. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wagner
- Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hannes Mutschler
- Biomimetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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Kitagawa Y, Ikenaka A, Sugimura R, Niwa A, Saito MK. ZEB2 and MEIS1 independently contribute to hematopoiesis via early hematopoietic enhancer activation. iScience 2023; 26:107893. [PMID: 37771659 PMCID: PMC10522983 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is achieved by acquiring a cell type-specific transcriptional program and epigenetic landscape. While the cell type-specific patterning of enhancers has been shown to precede cell fate decisions, it remains unclear how regulators of these enhancers are induced to initiate cell specification and how they appropriately restrict cells that differentiate. Here, using embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic cell differentiation cultures, we show the activation of some hematopoietic enhancers during arterialization of hemogenic endothelium, a prerequisite for hematopoiesis. We further reveal that ZEB2, a factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of arterial endothelial cells, and a hematopoietic regulator MEIS1 are independently required for activating these enhancers. Concomitantly, ZEB2 or MEIS1 deficiency impaired hematopoietic cell development. These results suggest that multiple regulators expressed from an earlier developmental stage non-redundantly contribute to the establishment of hematopoietic enhancer landscape, thereby restricting cell differentiation despite the unrestricted expression of these regulators to hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Kitagawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ikenaka
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumu K. Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Skubis-Sikora A, Sikora B, Małysiak W, Wieczorek P, Czekaj P. Regulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Activity by Melatonin Receptors in Terms of Viability and Osteogenic Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1236. [PMID: 37765045 PMCID: PMC10535461 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland and acts through the Mel1A and Mel1B receptors. Among other actions, melatonin significantly increases osteogenesis during bone regeneration. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are also known to have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; however, inefficient culturing due to the loss of properties over time or low cell survival rates on scaffolds is a limitation. Improving the process of ADSC expansion in vitro is crucial for its further successful use in bone regeneration. This study aimed to assess the effect of melatonin on ADSC characteristics, including osteogenicity. We assessed ADSC viability at different melatonin concentrations as well as the effect on its receptor inhibitors (luzindole or 4-P-PDOT). Moreover, we analyzed the ADSC phenotype, apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of MTNR1A and MTNR1B receptors, and its potential for osteogenic differentiation. We found that ADSCs treated with melatonin at a concentration of 100 µM had a higher viability compared to those treated at higher melatonin concentrations. Melatonin did not change the phenotype of ADSCs or induce apoptosis and it promoted the activity of some osteogenesis-related genes. We concluded that melatonin is safe, non-toxic to normal ADSCs in vitro, and can be used in regenerative medicine at low doses (100 μM) to improve cell viability without negatively affecting the osteogenic potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Lin X, Sun Y, Dong X, Liu Z, Sugimura R, Xie G. IPSC-derived CAR-NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115123. [PMID: 37406511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified immune cells have made great progress with six CAR-T cell products approved by the U.S. FDA for hematological malignancies. Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells have attracted increasing attention owing to their multiple killing mechanisms, higher safety profile, and broad sources. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells possess a mature phenotype and potent cytolytic activity, and can provide a homogeneous population of CAR-NK cells that can be expanded to clinical scale. Thus, iPSC-derived CAR-NK (CAR-iNK) cells could be used as a standardized and "off-the-shelf" product for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current status of the manufacturing techniques, genetic modification strategies, preclinical and clinical evidence of CAR-iNK cells, and discuss the challenges and future prospects of CAR-iNK cell therapy as a novel cellular immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zishen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Guozhu Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Bujko K, Ciechanowicz AK, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Molecular analysis and comparison of CD34 + and CD133 + very small embryonic-like stem cells purified from umbilical cord blood. Cytometry A 2023; 103:703-711. [PMID: 37246957 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs) are a dormant population of stem cells that, as proposed, are deposited during embryogenesis in various tissues, including bone marrow (BM). These cells are released under steady state conditions from their tissue locations and circulate at a low level in peripheral blood (PB). Their number increases in response to stressors as well as tissue/organ damage. This increase is evident during neonatal delivery, as delivery stress prompts enrichment of umbilical cord blood (UCB) with VSELs. These cells could be purified from BM, PB, and UCB by multiparameter sorting as a population of very small CXCR4+ Lin- CD45- cells that express the CD34 or CD133 antigen. In this report, we evaluated a number of CD34+ Lin- CD45- and CD133+ Lin- CD45- UCB-derived VSELs. We also performed initial molecular characterization of both cell populations for expression of selected pluripotency markers and compared these cells at the proteomic level. We noticed that CD133+ Lin- CD45- population is more rare and express, at a higher level, mRNA for pluripotency markers Oct-4 and Nanog as well as the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) CXCR4 receptor that regulates trafficking of these cells, however both cells population did not significantly differ in the expression of proteins assigned to main biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Bujko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Stem Cell Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Xu Y, Huo D, Shan W, Tie R, Zhang M, Qian P, Huang H. Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37656237 PMCID: PMC10474004 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Zheng R, Zhang L, Parvin R, Su L, Chi J, Shi K, Ye F, Huang X. Progress and Perspective of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Translational Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300195. [PMID: 37356052 PMCID: PMC10477906 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Translational medicine aims to improve human health by exploring potential treatment methods developed during basic scientific research and applying them to the treatment of patients in clinical settings. The advanced perceptions of gene functions have remarkably revolutionized clinical treatment strategies for target agents. However, the progress in gene editing therapy has been hindered due to the severe off-target effects and limited editing sites. Fortunately, the development in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system has renewed hope for gene therapy field. The CRISPR-Cas9 system can fulfill various simple or complex purposes, including gene knockout, knock-in, activation, interference, base editing, and sequence detection. Accordingly, the CRISPR-Cas9 system is adaptable to translational medicine, which calls for the alteration of genomic sequences. This review aims to present the latest CRISPR-Cas9 technology achievements and prospect to translational medicine advances. The principle and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are firstly introduced. The authors then focus on recent pre-clinical and clinical research directions, including the construction of disease models, disease-related gene screening and regulation, and disease treatment and diagnosis for multiple refractory diseases. Finally, some clinical challenges including off-target effects, in vivo vectors, and ethical problems, and future perspective are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Zheng
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lexiang Zhang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lihuang Su
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Junjie Chi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
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Soto J, Linsley C, Song Y, Chen B, Fang J, Neyyan J, Davila R, Lee B, Wu B, Li S. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2455. [PMID: 37686965 PMCID: PMC10490511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chase Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Josephine Neyyan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Djemai M, Cupelli M, Boutjdir M, Chahine M. Optical Mapping of Cardiomyocytes in Monolayer Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2168. [PMID: 37681899 PMCID: PMC10487143 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping is a powerful imaging technique widely adopted to measure membrane potential changes and intracellular Ca2+ variations in excitable tissues using voltage-sensitive dyes and Ca2+ indicators, respectively. This powerful tool has rapidly become indispensable in the field of cardiac electrophysiology for studying depolarization wave propagation, estimating the conduction velocity of electrical impulses, and measuring Ca2+ dynamics in cardiac cells and tissues. In addition, mapping these electrophysiological parameters is important for understanding cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms. In this review, we delve into the fundamentals of cardiac optical mapping technology and its applications when applied to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and discuss related advantages and challenges. We also provide a detailed description of the processing and analysis of optical mapping data, which is a crucial step in the study of cardiac diseases and arrhythmia mechanisms for extracting and comparing relevant electrophysiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Djemai
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Michael Cupelli
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 11209, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 11209, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Bayurova E, Zhitkevich A, Avdoshina D, Kupriyanova N, Kolyako Y, Kostyushev D, Gordeychuk I. Common Marmoset Cell Lines and Their Applications in Biomedical Research. Cells 2023; 12:2020. [PMID: 37626830 PMCID: PMC10453182 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus; CMs) are small New World primates widely used in biomedical research. Early stages of such research often include in vitro experiments which require standardized and well-characterized CM cell cultures derived from different tissues. Despite the long history of laboratory work with CMs and high translational potential of such studies, the number of available standardized, well-defined, stable, and validated CM cell lines is still small. While primary cells and immortalized cell lines are mostly used for the studies of infectious diseases, biochemical research, and targeted gene therapy, the main current applications of CM embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are regenerative medicine, stem cell research, generation of transgenic CMs, transplantology, cell therapy, reproductive physiology, oncology, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we summarize the data on the main advantages, drawbacks and research applications of CM cell lines published to date including primary cells, immortalized cell lines, lymphoblastoid cell lines, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Alla Zhitkevich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Daria Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Natalya Kupriyanova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Kolyako
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Ng XY, Peh GSL, Yam GHF, Tay HG, Mehta JS. Corneal Endothelial-like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12433. [PMID: 37569804 PMCID: PMC10418878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness, and the current conventional treatment option is corneal transplantation using a cadaveric donor cornea. However, there is a global shortage of suitable donor graft material, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. A stem cell-based regenerative medicine approach using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising solution, as they possess self-renewal capabilities, can be derived from adult somatic cells, and can be differentiated into all cell types including corneal endothelial cells (CECs). This review discusses the progress and challenges in developing protocols to induce iPSCs into CECs, focusing on the different media formulations used to differentiate iPSCs to neural crest cells (NCCs) and subsequently to CECs, as well as the characterization methods and markers that define iPSC-derived CECs. The hurdles and solutions for the clinical application of iPSC-derived cell therapy are also addressed, including the establishment of protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. The potential risks of genetic mutations in iPSC-derived CECs associated with long-term in vitro culture and the danger of potential tumorigenicity following transplantation are evaluated. In all, this review provides insights into the advancement and obstacles of using iPSC in the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu Ng
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
| | - Gary S. L. Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 6614, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hwee Goon Tay
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Centre for Vision Research, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (X.Y.N.); (G.S.L.P.); (G.H.-F.Y.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Centre for Vision Research, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
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48
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Jusop AS, Thanaskody K, Tye GJ, Dass SA, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Nordin F. Development of brain organoid technology derived from iPSC for the neurodegenerative disease modelling: a glance through. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1173433. [PMID: 37602192 PMCID: PMC10435272 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1173433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are adult-onset neurological conditions that are notoriously difficult to model for drug discovery and development because most models are unable to accurately recapitulate pathology in disease-relevant cells, making it extremely difficult to explore the potential mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, alternative models of human or animal cells have been developed to bridge the gap and allow the impact of new therapeutic strategies to be anticipated more accurately by trying to mimic neuronal and glial cell interactions and many more mechanisms. In tandem with the emergence of human-induced pluripotent stem cells which were first generated in 2007, the accessibility to human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from patients can be differentiated into disease-relevant neurons, providing an unrivaled platform for in vitro modeling, drug testing, and therapeutic strategy development. The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids derived from iPSCs as the best alternative models for the study of the pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the overview of current iPSC-based disease modeling and recent advances in the development of iPSC models that incorporate neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a summary of the existing brain organoid-based disease modeling of Alzheimer's disease was presented. We have also discussed the current methodologies of regional specific brain organoids modeled, its potential applications, emphasizing brain organoids as a promising platform for the modeling of patient-specific diseases, the development of personalized therapies, and contributing to the design of ongoing or future clinical trials on organoid technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Syamimi Jusop
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kalaiselvaan Thanaskody
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Singh PV, Singh PV, Anjankar A. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44498. [PMID: 37711945 PMCID: PMC10497883 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and debilitating respiratory condition with limited treatment options. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for COPD management due to its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This review article aims to comprehensively explore the therapeutic potential of stem cells in COPD management. The introduction provides background on COPD, highlighting its impact on health and the need for novel therapies. The different types of stem cells relevant to COPD, including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, are described along with their properties and characteristics. The pathogenesis of COPD is discussed, emphasizing the key mechanisms involved in disease development and progression. Subsequently, the role of stem cells in tissue repair, regeneration, and immunomodulation is examined, highlighting their ability to address specific pathological processes in COPD. Mechanisms of action, such as paracrine signaling, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and tissue regeneration, are explored. The interaction between stem cells and the host environment, which promotes lung repair, is also discussed. Challenges in stem cell therapy for COPD, including optimal cell sources, delivery methods, safety, and efficacy, are identified. Regulatory considerations and the importance of standardization are emphasized. Potential strategies for optimizing the therapeutic potential of stem cells in COPD management, such as combination therapies and preconditioning techniques, are outlined. Emerging trends and future directions are highlighted, including advanced cell engineering and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. In conclusion, stem cell therapy holds significant promise for COPD management, addressing the limitations of current treatments. Continued research and development are necessary to overcome challenges, optimize therapies, and realize stem cells' full potential in improving the lives of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth V Singh
- Internal Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, IND
| | - Prateesh V Singh
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashish Anjankar
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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50
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Aderinto N, Abdulbasit MO, Olatunji D. Stem cell-based combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury: a narrative review of current research and future directions. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:3943-3954. [PMID: 37554849 PMCID: PMC10406006 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that can result in lifelong disability. Despite significant progress in SCI research, current treatments only offer limited functional recovery. Stem cell-based combinatorial therapies have emerged promising to enhance neural repair and regeneration after SCI. Combining stem cells with growth factors, biomaterials, and other therapeutic agents can improve outcomes by providing a multifaceted approach to neural repair. However, several challenges must be addressed before these therapies can be widely adopted in clinical practice. Standardisation of stem cell isolation, characterisation, and production protocols ensures consistency and safety in clinical trials. Developing appropriate animal models that accurately mimic human SCI is crucial for successfully translating these therapies. Additionally, optimal delivery methods and biomaterials that support the survival and integration of stem cells into injured tissue must be identified. Despite these challenges, stem cell-based combinatorial therapies for SCI hold great promise. Innovative approaches such as gene editing and the use of neural tissue engineering may further enhance the efficacy of these therapies. Further research and development in this area are critical to advancing the field and providing effective therapies for SCI patients. This paper discusses the current evidence and challenges from the literature on the potential of stem cell-based combinatorial therapies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Aderinto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
| | | | - Deji Olatunji
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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