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Balaji PG, Bhimrao LS, Yadav AK. Revolutionizing Stroke Care: Nanotechnology-Based Brain Delivery as a Novel Paradigm for Treatment and Diagnosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04215-3. [PMID: 38829514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Stroke, a severe medical condition arising from abnormalities in the coagulation-fibrinolysis cycle and metabolic processes, results in brain cell impairment and injury due to blood flow obstruction within the brain. Prompt and efficient therapeutic approaches are imperative to control and preserve brain functions. Conventional stroke medications, including fibrinolytic agents, play a crucial role in facilitating reperfusion to the ischemic brain. However, their clinical efficacy is hampered by short plasma half-lives, limited brain tissue distribution attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and lack of targeted drug delivery to the ischemic region. To address these challenges, diverse nanomedicine strategies, such as vesicular systems, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, exosomes, inorganic nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanoparticles, have emerged. These platforms enhance drug pharmacokinetics by facilitating targeted drug accumulation at the ischemic site. By leveraging nanocarriers, engineered drug delivery systems hold the potential to overcome challenges associated with conventional stroke medications. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiological mechanism underlying stroke and BBB disruption in stroke. Additionally, this review investigates the utilization of nanocarriers for current therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in stroke management. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide insight into potential strategies for improving stroke treatment and diagnosis through a nanomedicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gajanan Balaji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Londhe Sachin Bhimrao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli (An Institute of National Importance under Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, GOI), A Transit Campus at Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Amirabdollahian A, Moeini M. An In Situ-Gelling Conductive Hydrogel for Potential Use in Neural Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38445375 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavitation is usual following acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries, as well as after tumor resection. Minimally invasive implantation of an injectable scaffold in the cavity is a promising approach for potential regeneration of tissue loss. This study aimed at designing an in situ-gelling conductive hydrogel containing silk fibroin (SF), brain decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for potential use in brain tissue regeneration. Two percent w/v SF hydrogels with different concentrations of dECM (0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% w/v) and CNTs (0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.25% w/v) were fabricated and characterized. It was observed that with the addition of dECM, the porosity decreased, whereas swelling and electrical conductivity tended to increase. The addition of dECM also led to a faster resorption rate, but no significant change in compressive modulus. Addition of CNTs, on the other hand, led to a denser, stronger, and more regular porous structure, higher swelling ratio, faster gelation time, slower degradation rate, and a significant increase in electrical conductivity. dECM and CNTs combined together resulted in superior porosity, swelling, resorption rate, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity compared with SF scaffolds containing only dECM or CNTs. Hydrogel samples containing 2% SF, 0.3% dECM, and 0.1% CNTs had a high porosity (58.9%), low swelling ratio (15.9%), high conductivity (2.35 × 10-4 S/m), and moderate degradation rate (37.3% after 21 days), appropriate for neural tissue engineering applications. Cell evaluation studies also showed that the hydrogel systems support the cell adhesion and growth, with no sign of significant cytotoxicity. Impact statement Tissue loss and formation of a fluid-filled cavity following stroke, traumatic brain injury, or brain tumor resection lead to sensorimotor and/or cognitive deficits. The lack of a healthy extracellular matrix in the cavity avoids the endogenous cell migration and axonal sprouting and may also worsen the secondary injuries to peri-lesional tissue. Due to the brain anatomy, simple implantation of tissue engineering scaffolds to the injured site is not possible in many cases. Therefore, the development of injectable scaffolds that support neural growth and differentiation is crucial for tissue repair or limiting the expansion of damage region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Amirabdollahian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moeini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Mu J, Hao P, Duan H, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li X. Non-human primate models of focal cortical ischemia for neuronal replacement therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1456-1474. [PMID: 37254891 PMCID: PMC10414004 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence, stroke remains incurable due to the limited regeneration capacity in the central nervous system. Neuronal replacement strategies are highly diverse biomedical fields that attempt to replace lost neurons by utilizing exogenous stem cell transplants, biomaterials, and direct neuronal reprogramming. Although these approaches have achieved encouraging outcomes mostly in the rodent stroke model, further preclinical validation in non-human primates (NHP) is still needed prior to clinical trials. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress of promising neuronal replacement therapy in NHP stroke studies. Moreover, we summarize the key characteristics of the NHP as highly valuable translational tools and discuss (1) NHP species and their advantages in terms of genetics, physiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, and behavior; (2) various methods for establishing NHP focal ischemic models to study the regenerative and plastic changes associated with motor functional recovery; and (3) a comprehensive analysis of experimentally and clinically accessible outcomes and a potential adaptive mechanism. Our review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate NHP cortical ischemic models and efficient prognostic evaluation methods in preclinical stroke research design of neuronal replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Yonesi M, Ramos M, Ramirez-Castillejo C, Fernández-Serra R, Panetsos F, Belarra A, Chevalier M, Rojo FJ, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV, González-Nieto D. Resistance to Degradation of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Exposed to Neuroinflammatory Environments. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112491. [PMID: 37299290 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases represent an extreme burden with significant social and economic costs. A common link in most brain pathologies is the appearance of inflammatory components that can jeopardize the stability of the implanted biomaterials and the effectiveness of therapies. Different silk fibroin scaffolds have been used in applications related to CNS disorders. Although some studies have analyzed the degradability of silk fibroin in non-cerebral tissues (almost exclusively upon non-inflammatory conditions), the stability of silk hydrogel scaffolds in the inflammatory nervous system has not been studied in depth. In this study, the stability of silk fibroin hydrogels exposed to different neuroinflammatory contexts has been explored using an in vitro microglial cell culture and two in vivo pathological models of cerebral stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This biomaterial was relatively stable and did not show signs of extensive degradation across time after implantation and during two weeks of in vivo analysis. This finding contrasted with the rapid degradation observed under the same in vivo conditions for other natural materials such as collagen. Our results support the suitability of silk fibroin hydrogels for intracerebral applications and highlight the potentiality of this vehicle for the release of molecules and cells for acute and chronic treatments in cerebral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Yonesi
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Milagros Ramos
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Rocío Fernández-Serra
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, Puerto de Navacerrada 18. Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group, Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Belarra
- Laboratorio Micro-CT UCM, Departamento de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Chevalier
- Laboratorio Micro-CT UCM, Departamento de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rojo
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, Puerto de Navacerrada 18. Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, Puerto de Navacerrada 18. Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, Puerto de Navacerrada 18. Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Calle Prof. Martín Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Calle Navacerrada 18, Urb. Puerto Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Bioactive Surfaces SL, Puerto de Navacerrada 18. Galapagar, 28260 Madrid, Spain
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Fan YH, He ZY, Zheng WX, Hu LT, Wang BY. Exosomal miR-23b from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviates oxidative stress and pyroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:560-567. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Peng L, Hu G, Yao Q, Wu J, He Z, Law BYK, Hu G, Zhou X, Du J, Wu A, Yu L. Microglia autophagy in ischemic stroke: A double-edged sword. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013311. [PMID: 36466850 PMCID: PMC9708732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major types of cerebrovascular diseases causing neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the pathophysiological process of IS, microglia play a beneficial role in tissue repair. However, it could also cause cellular damage, consequently leading to cell death. Inflammation is characterized by the activation of microglia, and increasing evidence showed that autophagy interacts with inflammation through regulating correlative mediators and signaling pathways. In this paper, we summarized the beneficial and harmful effects of microglia in IS. In addition, we discussed the interplay between microglia autophagy and ischemic inflammation, as along with its application in the treatment of IS. We believe this could help to provide the theoretical references for further study into IS and treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Medicine Imaging, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guangqiang Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qianfang Yao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziyang He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guishan Hu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junrong Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Medicine Imaging, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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7
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Alfonsetti M, d’Angelo M, Castelli V. Neurotrophic factor-based pharmacological approaches in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1220-1228. [PMID: 36453397 PMCID: PMC9838155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological event dependent on multiple pathways that are linked to lifespan and processes leading to cognitive decline. This process represents the major risk factor for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. The incidence of all these pathologies increases exponentially with age. Research on aging biology has currently focused on elucidating molecular mechanisms leading to the development of those pathologies. Cognitive deficit and neurodegeneration, common features of aging-related pathologies, are related to the alteration of the activity and levels of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. For this reason, treatments that modulate neurotrophin levels have acquired a great deal of interest in preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neural regeneration in several neurological diseases. Those treatments include both the direct administration of neurotrophic factors and the induced expression with viral vectors, neurotrophins' binding with biomaterials or other molecules to increase their bioavailability but also cell-based therapies. Considering neurotrophins' crucial role in aging pathologies, here we discuss the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in the most common brain aging-related diseases and the most recent therapeutic approaches that provide direct and sustained neurotrophic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy,Correspondence to: Vanessa Castelli, .
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Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Ischemic Stroke: A New Outlet for Classical Neuroprotective Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169381. [PMID: 36012647 PMCID: PMC9409263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, of which ischemia accounts for the majority. There is growing evidence of changes in synaptic connections and neural network functions in the brain of stroke patients. Currently, the studies on these neurobiological alterations mainly focus on the principle of glutamate excitotoxicity, and the corresponding neuroprotective strategies are limited to blocking the overactivation of ionic glutamate receptors. Nevertheless, it is disappointing that these treatments often fail because of the unspecificity and serious side effects of the tested drugs in clinical trials. Thus, in the prevention and treatment of stroke, finding and developing new targets of neuroprotective intervention is still the focus and goal of research in this field. In this review, we focus on the whole processes of glutamatergic synaptic transmission and highlight the pathological changes underlying each link to help develop potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic brain damage. These strategies include: (1) controlling the synaptic or extra-synaptic release of glutamate, (2) selectively blocking the action of the glutamate receptor NMDAR subunit, (3) increasing glutamate metabolism, and reuptake in the brain and blood, and (4) regulating the glutamate system by GABA receptors and the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Based on these latest findings, it is expected to promote a substantial understanding of the complex glutamate signal transduction mechanism, thereby providing excellent neuroprotection research direction for human ischemic stroke (IS).
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Pharmacological Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Cerebral Ischemia in Animal Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4281483. [PMID: 35968235 PMCID: PMC9371884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4281483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), bioactive compounds, are commonly used to treat ischemic heart and cerebral diseases in China and other Asian countries. Most previous studies of PNS have focused on the mechanisms underlying their treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases but not cerebral ischemic diseases. This study sought to explore the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of PNS in treating cerebral ischemic diseases. Different experimental cerebral ischemia models (including middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the blockade of four arteries in rats, collagen-adrenaline-induced systemic intravascular thrombosis in mice, thrombosis of carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats, and hypoxia tolerance in mice) were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the actions of PNS on cerebral ischemia. The results indicated that (1) PNS improved neurological function and reduced the cerebral ischemia infraction area in MCAO rats; (2) PNS improved motor coordination function in rats with complete cerebral ischemia (blockade of four arteries), decreased Ca2+ levels, and ameliorated energy metabolism in the brains of ischemia rats; (3) PNS reduced thrombosis in common carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats; (4) PNS provided significant promise in antistroke hemiplegia and hypoxia tolerance in mice. In conclusion, PNS showed antagonistic effects on ischemic stroke, and pharmacological mechanisms are likely to be associated with the reduction of cerebral pathological damage, thrombolysis, antihypoxia, and improvement in the intracellular Ca2+ overload and cerebral energy metabolism.
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10
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Lin X, Li N, Tang H. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885190. [PMID: 35836741 PMCID: PMC9274459 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials’ inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
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11
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Zhao Y, Haney MJ, Fallon JK, Rodriguez M, Swain CJ, Arzt CJ, Smith PC, Loop MS, Harrison EB, El-Hage N, Batrakova EV. Using Extracellular Vesicles Released by GDNF-Transfected Macrophages for Therapy of Parkinson Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1933. [PMID: 35741061 PMCID: PMC9222008 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that facilitate transport of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, playing important roles in intracellular communication. They have remarkable potential as non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanocarriers for drug delivery to unreachable organs and tissues, in particular, the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we developed a novel platform based on macrophage-derived EVs to treat Parkinson disease (PD). Specifically, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of EVs secreted by autologous macrophages that were transfected ex vivo to express glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). EV-GDNF were collected from conditioned media of GDNF-transfected macrophages and characterized for GDNF content, size, charge, and expression of EV-specific proteins. The data revealed that, along with the encoded neurotrophic factor, EVs released by pre-transfected macrophages carry GDNF-encoding DNA. Four-month-old transgenic Parkin Q311(X)A mice were treated with EV-GDNF via intranasal administration, and the effect of this therapeutic intervention on locomotor functions was assessed over a year. Significant improvements in mobility, increases in neuronal survival, and decreases in neuroinflammation were found in PD mice treated with EV-GDNF. No offsite toxicity caused by EV-GDNF administration was detected. Overall, an EV-based approach can provide a versatile and potent therapeutic intervention for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Matthew J. Haney
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - John K. Fallon
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (N.E.-H.)
| | - Carson J. Swain
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Camryn J. Arzt
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Matthew Shane Loop
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Emily B. Harrison
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (N.E.-H.)
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.J.H.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.K.F.); (C.J.S.); (C.J.A.); (P.C.S.); (M.S.L.); (E.B.H.)
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12
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Improvement of synaptic plasticity by nanoparticles and the related mechanisms: Applications and prospects. J Control Release 2022; 347:143-163. [PMID: 35513209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is an important basis of learning and memory and participates in brain network remodelling after different types of brain injury (such as that caused by neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischaemic injury, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychiatric disorders). Therefore, improving synaptic plasticity is particularly important for the treatment of nervous system-related diseases. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, increasing evidence has shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in different ways, directly or indirectly act on nerve cells, regulate synaptic plasticity, and ultimately improve nerve function. Therefore, to better elucidate the effect of NPs on synaptic plasticity, we review evidence showing that NPs can improve synaptic plasticity by regulating different influencing factors, such as neurotransmitters, receptors, presynaptic membrane proteins and postsynaptic membrane proteins, and further discuss the possible mechanism by which NPs improve synaptic plasticity. We conclude that NPs can improve synaptic plasticity and restore the function of damaged nerves by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, inducing autophagy, and regulating ion channels on the cell membrane. By reviewing the mechanism by which NPs regulate synaptic plasticity and the applications of NPs for the treatment of neurological diseases, we also propose directions for future research in this field and provide an important reference for follow-up research.
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13
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Zhang Y, Mu Y, Ding H, Du B, Zhou M, Li Q, Gong S, Zhang F, Geng D, Wang Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes Angiogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats by Upregulating the TGF-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:769717. [PMID: 35369317 PMCID: PMC8966232 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.769717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality, which seriously endangers the life span and quality of life of people worldwide. Angiogenesis and neuroprotection are the key to the functional recovery of penumbra function after acute cerebral infarction. In this study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. A laser speckle flow imaging system was used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) around the ischemic cortex of the infarction, followed by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) and isolectin-B4 (IB4) immunofluorescence. The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), TGF-β, Smad2/3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by western blot and RT-qPCR. Results showed that compared with the sham group, the cerebral infarction volume was significantly increased while the CBF was reduced remarkably in the MCAO group. 1,25-D3 reduced cerebral infarction volume, increased the recovery of CBF and expressions of VDR, TGF-β, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and VEGF, significantly increased IB4+ tip cells and CD31+ vascular length in the peri-infarct area compared with the DMSO group. The VDR antagonist pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P) partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of 1,25-D3 described above. In summary, 1,25-D3 plays a neuroprotective role in stroke by activating VDR and promoting the activation of TGF-β, which in turn up-regulates the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, increases the release of VEGF and thus promotes angiogenesis, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be an effective target for ischemic stroke treatment. 1,25-D3 is considered to be a neuroprotective agent and is expected to be an effective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Mu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shitong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fuchi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Deqin Geng
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqiang Wang
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14
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Advanced drug delivery system against ischemic stroke. J Control Release 2022; 344:173-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Yu Q, Liu W, Chen Z, Zhang M. Specificity Protein 1: A Protein With a Two-Sided Role in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:757670. [PMID: 34970121 PMCID: PMC8712767 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.757670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, there is a lack of effective medications to speed up the recovery process. Ischemic stroke, as the result of cerebral infarction or cerebral artery narrowing, is accompanied by hemiplegia or impaired consciousness. There are many transcription factors involved in the development of this condition, whose alterations can influence or signal the prognostic outcomes of ischemic stroke. Among them, the augmented expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1) can participate in the progression of the disease by binding DNA to regulate the transcriptions of many genes. Different studies have provided different answers as to whether SP1 plays a positive or a negative role in ischemic stroke. On the one hand, SP1 can play a cytoprotective role as both an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent for neurons and glial cells. On the other hand, it can also damage neuronal cells by promoting inflammation and exacerbating brain edema. In this review, we highlight the roles of SP1 in ischemic stroke and shed light on the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Yang X, Wu S. N-oleoylethanolamine - phosphatidylcholine complex loaded, DSPE-PEG integrated liposomes for efficient stroke. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2525-2533. [PMID: 34842016 PMCID: PMC8635618 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2008058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Causing more and more deaths, stroke has been a leading cause of death worldwide. However, success in clinical stroke trials has remained elusive. N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) was an endogenous highly hydrophobic molecule with outstanding neuroprotective effect. In this article, hydrogen bonds were successfully formed between OEA and soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC). The synthetic OEA-SPC complex and DSPE-PEG were self-assembled into liposomes (OEA NPs), with OEA-SPC loaded in the core and PEG formed a hydrophilic shell. Hence, highly hydrophobic OEA was loaded into liposomes as amorphous state with a drug loading of 8.21 ± 0.18 wt%. With fairly uniform size and well-distributed character, the OEA NPs were systemically assessed as an intravenous formulation for stroke therapy. The results indicated that the administration of OEA NPs could significantly improve the survival rate and the Garcia score of the MCAO rats compared with free OEA. The TTC-stained brain slices declared that the cerebral infarct volume and the edema degree induced by MCAO could be decreased to an extremely low level via the administration of OEA NPs. The Morris water maze (MWM) test suggested that the spatial learning and memory of the MCAO rats could also be ameliorated by OEA NPs. The immunofluorescence assay stated that the apoptosis of the neurons and the inflammation within the brain were greatly inhibited. The results suggest that the OEA NPs have a great chance to develop OEA as a potential anti-stroke formulation for clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET Center), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET Center), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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17
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Geng X, Wang M, Leng Y, Li L, Yang H, Dai Y, Wang Y. Protective effects on acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in mfat-1 transgenic mice by alleviating neuroinflammation. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:474-490. [PMID: 34744086 PMCID: PMC8637658 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) mainly occurs in adults as a result of perioperative cardiac arrest and asphyxia. The benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in maintaining brain growth and development are well documented. However, possible protective targets and underlying mechanisms of mfat-1 mice on HIBD require further investigation. The mfat-1 transgenic mice exhibited protective effects on HIBD, as indicated by reduced infarct range and improved neurobehavioral defects. RNA-seq analysis showed that multiple pathways and targets were involved in this process, with the anti-inflammatory pathway as the most significant. This study has shown for the first time that mfat-1 has protective effects on HIBD in mice. Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120)-related anti-inflammatory pathway may be associated with perioperative and postoperative complications, thus innovating clinical intervention strategy may potentially benefit patients with HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yunjun Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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18
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Phenothiazine Inhibits Neuroinflammation and Inflammasome Activation Independent of Hypothermia After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6136-6152. [PMID: 34455546 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A depressive or hibernation-like effect of chlorpromazine and promethazine (C + P) on brain activity was reported to induce neuroprotection, with or without induced-hypothermia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study evaluated the pharmacological function of C + P on the inhibition of neuroinflammatory response and inflammasome activation after ischemia/reperfusion. A total of 72 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 6 or 24 h reperfusion. At the onset of reperfusion, rats received C + P (8 mg/kg) with temperature control. Brain cell death was detected by measuring CD68 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Inflammasome activation was measured by mRNA levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, and TXNIP, and protein quantities of NLRP3, IL-1β, TXNIP, cleaved-Caspase-1, and IL-18. Activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway was detected by the phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3) and JAK2 (p-JAK2), and the co-localization of p-STAT3 and NLRP3. Activation of the p38 pathway was assessed with the protein levels of p-p38/p38. The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α, FoxO1, and p-FoxO1, and the co-localization of p-STAT3 with HIF-1α or FoxO1 were quantitated. As expected, C + P significantly reduced cell death and attenuated the neuroinflammatory response as determined by reduced CD68 and MPO. C + P decreased ischemia-induced inflammasome activation, shown by reduced mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, TXNIP, cleaved-Caspase-1, and IL-18. Phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38 pathways and the co-localization of p-STAT3 with NLRP3 were also inhibited by C + P. Furthermore, mRNA levels of HIF-1α and FoxO1 were decreased in the C + P group. While C + P inhibited HIF-1α protein expression, it increased FoxO1 phosphorylation, which promoted the exclusion of FoxO1 from the nucleus and inhibited FoxO1 activity. At the same time, C + P reduced the co-localization of p-STAT3 with HIF-1α or FoxO1. In conclusion, C + P treatment conferred neuroprotection in stroke by suppressing neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study suggests that JAK2/STAT3/p38/HIF-1α/FoxO1 are vital regulators and potential targets for efficacious therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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20
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Guo S, Cosky E, Li F, Guan L, Ji Y, Wei W, Peng C, Geng X, Ding Y. An inhibitory and beneficial effect of chlorpromazine and promethazine (C + P) on hyperglycolysis through HIF-1α regulation in ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2021; 1763:147463. [PMID: 33811844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ischemic stroke, the increased catabolism of glucose (hyperglycolysis) results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX). A depressive or hibernation-like effect of C + P on brain activity was reported to induce neuroprotection. The current study assesses the effect of C + P on hyperglycolysis and NOX activation. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 6 or 24 h of reperfusion. At the onset of reperfusion, rats received C + P with or without temperature control, or phloretin [glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 inhibitor], or cytochalasin B (GLUT-3 inhibitor). We detected brain ROS, apoptotic cell death, and ATP levels along with HIF-1α expression. Cerebral hyperglycolysis was measured by glucose, protein expression of GLUT-1/3, and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), as well as lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The enzymatic activity of NOX and protein expression of its subunits (gp91phox) were detected. Neural SHSY5Y cells were placed under 2 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation for 6 and 24 h with C + P treatment. Cell viability and protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox were measured. A HIF-1α overexpression vector was transfected into the cells, and then protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, and LDH were quantitated. In sham-operated rats and control cells, the protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox were measured at 6 and 24 h after C + P administration. RESULTS C + P reduced the protein elevations after stroke in HIF-1α, glycolytic enzymes, as well as in ROS, cell death, glucose and lactate, but raised ATP levels in the brain. In ischemic rats exposed to GLUT-1/3 inhibitors, ROS, cell death, glucose, and lactate were all decreased, as well as GLUT-1, GLUT-3, LDH, and PFK-1 protein levels. C + P decreased ischemia-induced NOX activation by reducing the enzymatic activity and protein expression of the NOX subunit gp91phox, as was observed in the presence of GLUT-1/3 inhibitors. These markers were significantly decreased following C + P administration with the induced hypothermia, while C + P administration with temperature control at 37 °C induced lesser protection after ischemia stroke. In the OGD/reoxygenation model, C + P treatment increased cell viability and diminished protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox. However, in OGD with HIF-1α overexpression, C + P was unable to effectively reduce the upregulated GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and LDH. In normal conditions, C + P reduced HIF-1α and the levels of key glycolytic enzymes depending on its pharmacological effect. CONCLUSION C + P, partially depending on hypothermia, attenuates hyperglycolysis and NOX activation through HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Guo
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eric Cosky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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21
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Shi Y, Tian T, Cai EL, Yang C, Yang X. miR-214 Alleviates Ischemic Stroke-Induced Neuronal Death by Targeting DAPK1 in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:649982. [PMID: 33841091 PMCID: PMC8032895 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.649982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke induces neuronal cell death and causes brain dysfunction. Preventing neuronal cell death after stroke is key to protecting the brain from stroke damage. Nevertheless, preventative measures and treatment strategies for stroke damage are scarce. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. METHODS A photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) mouse model was used as an ischemic stroke model. qRT-PCR was employed to assess changes in miRNAs in ischemic lesions of PIT-stroke mice and primary cultured neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to evaluate brain infarction tissues in vivo. TUNEL staining was employed to assess neuronal death in vitro. Neurological scores and motor coordination were investigated to evaluate stroke damage, including neurological deficits and motor function. RESULTS In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that levels of miR-124 were significantly decreased following stroke, whereas changes in death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) levels exhibited the converse pattern. DAPK1 was identified as a direct target of miR-124. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and OGD-induced neuronal death was rescued by miR-124 overexpression. Upregulation of miR-124 levels significantly improved PIT-stroke damage, including the overall neurological function in mice. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the involvement of the miR-124/DAPK1 pathway in ischemic neuronal death. Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Tian
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Guangdong Key Lab of Brain Connectomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Er-Li Cai
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Guangdong Key Lab of Brain Connectomics, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Yonesi M, Garcia-Nieto M, Guinea GV, Panetsos F, Pérez-Rigueiro J, González-Nieto D. Silk Fibroin: An Ancient Material for Repairing the Injured Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:429. [PMID: 33806846 PMCID: PMC8004633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk refers to a family of natural fibers spun by several species of invertebrates such as spiders and silkworms. In particular, silkworm silk, the silk spun by Bombyx mori larvae, has been primarily used in the textile industry and in clinical settings as a main component of sutures for tissue repairing and wound ligation. The biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical performance, controllable degradation, and the possibility of producing silk-based materials in several formats, have laid the basic principles that have triggered and extended the use of this material in regenerative medicine. The field of neural soft tissue engineering is not an exception, as it has taken advantage of the properties of silk to promote neuronal growth and nerve guidance. In addition, silk has notable intrinsic properties and the by-products derived from its degradation show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Finally, this material can be employed for the controlled release of factors and drugs, as well as for the encapsulation and implantation of exogenous stem and progenitor cells with therapeutic capacity. In this article, we review the state of the art on manufacturing methodologies and properties of fiber-based and non-fiber-based formats, as well as the application of silk-based biomaterials to neuroprotect and regenerate the damaged nervous system. We review previous studies that strategically have used silk to enhance therapeutics dealing with highly prevalent central and peripheral disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral trauma. Finally, we discuss previous research focused on the modification of this biomaterial, through biofunctionalization techniques and/or the creation of novel composite formulations, that aim to transform silk, beyond its natural performance, into more efficient silk-based-polymers towards the clinical arena of neuroprotection and regeneration in nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Yonesi
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group, Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (M.Y.); (G.V.G.)
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Hwang IK, Choi GM, Chang IB, Kim DW, Moon SM. Tat-Endophilin A1 Fusion Protein Protects Neurons from Ischemic Damage in the Gerbil Hippocampus: A Possible Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation and Neuroinflammation Mitigation as Well as Synaptic Plasticity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020357. [PMID: 33572372 PMCID: PMC7916150 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of endophilin A1 (SH3GL2) against oxidative damage brought about by H2O2 in HT22 cells and ischemic damage induced upon transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Tat-SH3GL2 and its control protein (Control-SH3GL2) were synthesized to deliver it to the cells by penetrating the cell membrane and blood–brain barrier. Tat-SH3GL2, but not Control-SH3GL2, could be delivered into HT22 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and the hippocampus 8 h after treatment in gerbils. Tat-SH3GL2 was stably present in HT22 cells and degraded with time, by 36 h post treatment. Pre-incubation with Tat-SH3GL2, but not Control-SH3GL2, significantly ameliorated H2O2-induced cell death, DNA fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species formation. SH3GL2 immunoreactivity was decreased in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region with time after ischemia, but it was maintained in the other regions after ischemia. Tat-SH3GL2 treatment in gerbils appreciably improved ischemia-induced hyperactivity 1 day after ischemia and the percentage of NeuN-immunoreactive surviving cells increased 4 days after ischemia. In addition, Tat-SH3GL2 treatment in gerbils alleviated the increase in lipid peroxidation as assessed by the levels of malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6; while the reduction of protein levels in markers for synaptic plasticity, such as postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and synaptosome associated protein 25 after transient forebrain ischemia was also observed. These results suggest that Tat-SH3GL2 protects neurons from oxidative and ischemic damage by reducing lipid peroxidation and inflammation and improving synaptic plasticity after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Goang-Min Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea;
| | - In Bok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); or (S.M.M.); Tel.: +82-31-8086-2412 (ext. 2330) (S.M.M.)
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 18450, Korea
- Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); or (S.M.M.); Tel.: +82-31-8086-2412 (ext. 2330) (S.M.M.)
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24
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Nazarinia D, Sharifi M, Dolatshahi M, Nasseri Maleki S, Madani Neishaboori A, Aboutaleb N. FoxO1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: Molecular targets of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium (hAMSC-CM) in protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 112:101918. [PMID: 33421540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has weakened the effects of available treatment options for ischemic stroke. Although conditioned medium obtained from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC-CM) has been reported to exert protective effect against stroke, detailed knowledge about its possible molecular mechanisms is not still completely available. The present study was designed to investigate whether hAMSC-CM can modulate FoxO1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after ischemic stroke to create neuroprotective effects. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model with male Wistar rats was used to evaluate the effects of hAMSC-CM on activities of FoxO1, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and endogenous antioxidant system and apoptotic cell death. The results demonstrated that induction of MCAO significantly reduced activities of FoxO1, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and endogenous antioxidant system and enhanced apoptotic cell death (P < 0.05). In addition, treatment by hAMSC-CM immediately after cerebral reperfusion resulted in significantly reduced infarct size and increased activities of FoxO1, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and restoring endogenous antioxidant system and suppressing apoptotic cell death (P < 0.05). Likewise, increased activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway resulted in suppressing the neuroinflammation by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and increasing the expression of IL-10. These findings demonstrate that hAMSC-CM can be considered as an excellent candidate in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Masoomeh Sharifi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Dolatshahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arian Madani Neishaboori
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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M. Tóth O, Menyhárt Á, Frank R, Hantosi D, Farkas E, Bari F. Tissue Acidosis Associated with Ischemic Stroke to Guide Neuroprotective Drug Delivery. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120460. [PMID: 33322264 PMCID: PMC7764344 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockade of a blood vessel in the brain. Consequently, the brain region supplied by the blocked vessel suffers brain damage and becomes acidic. Here we provide a summary of the causes and consequences of acid accumulation in the brain tissue. Ischemic stroke requires immediate medical attention to minimize the damage of brain tissue, and to save function. It would be desirable for the medical treatment to target the site of injury selectively, to enrich the site of ongoing injury with the protective agent, and to avoid undesirable side effects at the same time. We propose that acid accumulation at the sight of brain tissue injury can be used to delineate the region that would benefit most from medical treatment. Tiny drug carriers known as nanoparticles may be loaded with drugs that protect the brain tissue. These nanoparticles may be designed to release their drug cargo in response to an acidic environment. This would ensure that the therapeutic agent is directed selectively to the site where it is needed. Ultimately, this approach may offer a new way to treat stroke patients with the hope of more effective therapy, and better stroke outcome. Abstract Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet, the effective therapy of focal cerebral ischemia has been an unresolved challenge. We propose here that ischemic tissue acidosis, a sensitive metabolic indicator of injury progression in cerebral ischemia, can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of neuroprotective agents. Ischemic tissue acidosis, which represents the accumulation of lactic acid in malperfused brain tissue is significantly exacerbated by the recurrence of spreading depolarizations. Deepening acidosis itself activates specific ion channels to cause neurotoxic cellular Ca2+ accumulation and cytotoxic edema. These processes are thought to contribute to the loss of the ischemic penumbra. The unique metabolic status of the ischemic penumbra has been exploited to identify the penumbra zone with imaging tools. Importantly, acidosis in the ischemic penumbra may also be used to guide therapeutic intervention. Agents with neuroprotective promise are suggested here to be delivered selectively to the ischemic penumbra with pH-responsive smart nanosystems. The administered nanoparticels release their cargo in acidic tissue environment, which reliably delineates sites at risk of injury. Therefore, tissue pH-targeted drug delivery is expected to enrich sites of ongoing injury with the therapeutical agent, without the risk of unfavorable off-target effects.
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26
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Toniolo S, Sen A, Husain M. Modulation of Brain Hyperexcitability: Potential New Therapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9318. [PMID: 33297460 PMCID: PMC7730926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have significantly higher rates of subclinical and overt epileptiform activity. In animal models, oligomeric Aβ amyloid is able to induce neuronal hyperexcitability even in the early phases of the disease. Such aberrant activity subsequently leads to downstream accumulation of toxic proteins, and ultimately to further neurodegeneration and neuronal silencing mediated by concomitant tau accumulation. Several neurotransmitters participate in the initial hyperexcitable state, with increased synaptic glutamatergic tone and decreased GABAergic inhibition. These changes appear to activate excitotoxic pathways and, ultimately, cause reduced long-term potentiation, increased long-term depression, and increased GABAergic inhibitory remodelling at the network level. Brain hyperexcitability has therefore been identified as a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing cognition, and, possibly, disease modification in the longer term. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the potential efficacy in targeting hyperexcitability in AD, with levetiracetam showing some encouraging effects. Newer compounds and techniques, such as gene editing via viral vectors or brain stimulation, also show promise. Diagnostic challenges include identifying best biomarkers for measuring sub-clinical epileptiform discharges. Determining the timing of any intervention is critical and future trials will need to carefully stratify participants with respect to the phase of disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Toniolo
- Cognitive Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6AE, UK
| | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, Nuffield Department Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Masud Husain
- Cognitive Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6AE, UK
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27
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Jemni-Damer N, Guedan-Duran A, Cichy J, Lozano-Picazo P, Gonzalez-Nieto D, Perez-Rigueiro J, Rojo F, V Guinea G, Virtuoso A, Cirillo G, Papa M, Armada-Maresca F, Largo-Aramburu C, Aznar-Cervantes SD, Cenis JL, Panetsos F. First steps for the development of silk fibroin-based 3D biohybrid retina for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). J Neural Eng 2020; 17:055003. [PMID: 32947273 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb9c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disease, causing progressive loss of the central vision and even blindness. Up-to-date therapeutic approaches can only slow down he progression of the disease. OBJECTIVE Feasibility study for a multilayered, silk fibroin-based, 3D biohybrid retina. APPROACH Fabrication of silk fibroin-based biofilms; culture of different types of cells: retinal pigment epithelium, retinal neurons, Müller and mesenchymal stem cells ; creation of a layered structure glued with silk fibroin hydrogel. MAIN RESULTS In vitro evidence for the feasibility of layered 3D biohybrid retinas; primary culture neurons grow and develop neurites on silk fibroin biofilms, either alone or in presence of other cells cultivated on the same biomaterial; cell organization and cellular phenotypes are maintained in vitro for the seven days of the experiment. SIGNIFICANCE 3D biohybrid retina can be built using silk silkworm fibroin films and hydrogels to be used in cell replacement therapy for AMD and similar retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Jemni-Damer
- Neuro-computing & Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Innovation Research Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. These authors equally contributed to this article
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28
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Marine Biocompounds for Neuroprotection-A Review. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060290. [PMID: 32486409 PMCID: PMC7344849 DOI: 10.3390/md18060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While terrestrial organisms are the primary source of natural products, recent years have witnessed a considerable shift towards marine-sourced biocompounds. They have achieved a great scientific interest due to the plethora of compounds with structural and chemical properties generally not found in terrestrial products, exhibiting significant bioactivity ten times higher than terrestrial-sourced molecules. In addition to the antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and cardio-protection properties, marine-sourced biocompounds have been investigated for their neuroprotective potential. Thus, this review aims to describe the recent findings regarding the neuroprotective effects of the significant marine-sourced biocompounds.
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