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Liao S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Min J. The phenotypic changes of Schwann cells promote the functional repair of nerve injury. Neuropeptides 2024; 106:102438. [PMID: 38749170 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional recovery after nerve injury is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of nerve injury repair and the non-regeneration of neurons. Schwann cells (SCs), play a crucial role in the nerve injury repair process because of their high plasticity, secretion, and migration abilities. Upon nerve injury, SCs undergo a phenotypic change and redifferentiate into a repair phenotype, which helps in healing by recruiting phagocytes, removing myelin fragments, promoting axon regeneration, and facilitating myelin formation. However, the repair phenotype can be unstable, limiting the effectiveness of the repair. Recent research has found that transplantation of SCs can be an effective treatment option, therefore, it is essential to comprehend the phenotypic changes of SCs and clarify the related mechanisms to develop the transplantation therapy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yin Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jun Min
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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2
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Aparicio GI, Quintero JE, Plum L, Deng L, Wanczyk K, Henry M, Lynch E, Murphy M, Gerhardt GA, van Horne CG, Monje PV. Identification of cellular and noncellular components of mature intact human peripheral nerve. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024. [PMID: 38973168 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The goal of this study was to define basic constituents of the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS) using intact human nerve tissues. METHODS We combined fluorescent and chromogenic immunostaining methods, myelin-selective fluorophores, and routine histological stains to identify common cellular and noncellular elements in aldehyde-fixed nerve tissue sections. We employed Schwann cell (SC)-specific markers, such as S100β, NGFR, Sox10, and myelin protein zero (MPZ), together with axonal, extracellular matrix (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin), and fibroblast markers to assess the SC's relationship to myelin sheaths, axons, other cell types, and the acellular environment. RESULTS Whereas S100β and Sox10 revealed mature SCs in the absence of other stains, discrimination between myelinating and non-myelinating (Remak) SCs required immunodetection of NGFR along with axonal and/or myelin markers. Surprisingly, our analysis of NGFR+ profiles uncovered the existence of at least 3 different novel populations of NGFR+/S100β- cells, herein referred to as nonglial cells, residing in the stroma and perivascular areas of all nerve compartments. An important proportion of the nerve's cellular content, including circa 30% of endoneurial cells, consisted of heterogenous S100β negative cells that were not associated with axons. Useful markers to identify the localization and diversity of nonglial cell types across different compartments were Thy1, CD34, SMA, and Glut1, a perineurial cell marker. INTERPRETATION Our optimized methods revealed additional detailed information to update our understanding of the complexity and spatial orientation of PNS-resident cell types in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I Aparicio
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jorge E Quintero
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lauren Plum
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristen Wanczyk
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Miriam Henry
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Evan Lynch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Greg A Gerhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig G van Horne
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paula V Monje
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Neurorestoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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El Chemali L, Boutary S, Liu S, Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Bahrenberg G, Rupprecht R, Schumacher M, Massaad-Massade L. GRT-X Stimulates Dorsal Root Ganglia Axonal Growth in Culture via TSPO and Kv7.2/3 Potassium Channel Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7327. [PMID: 39000434 PMCID: PMC11242890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
GRT-X, which targets both the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) and the Kv7.2/3 (KCNQ2/3) potassium channels, has been shown to efficiently promote recovery from cervical spine injury. In the present work, we investigate the role of GRT-X and its two targets in the axonal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Neurite outgrowth was quantified in DRG explant cultures prepared from wild-type C57BL6/J and TSPO-KO mice. TSPO was pharmacologically targeted with the agonist XBD173 and the Kv7 channels with the activator ICA-27243 and the inhibitor XE991. GRT-X efficiently stimulated DRG axonal growth at 4 and 8 days after its single administration. XBD173 also promoted axonal elongation, but only after 8 days and its repeated administration. In contrast, both ICA27243 and XE991 tended to decrease axonal elongation. In dissociated DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures, GRT-X upregulated the expression of genes associated with axonal growth and myelination. In the TSPO-KO DRG cultures, the stimulatory effect of GRT-X on axonal growth was completely lost. However, GRT-X and XBD173 activated neuronal and Schwann cell gene expression after TSPO knockout, indicating the presence of additional targets warranting further investigation. These findings uncover a key role of the dual mode of action of GRT-X in the axonal elongation of DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa El Chemali
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Song Liu
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Global Preclinical R&D, Grünenthal Innovation, Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schumacher
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Liliane Massaad-Massade
- Maladies et Hormones du Système Nerveux, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Kvigstad EF, Øverland IK, Skedsmo FS, Jäderlund KH, Gröndahl G, Hanche-Olsen S, Gunnes G. Cultivation of Schwann cells from fresh and non-fresh adult equine peripheral nerves. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 403:110054. [PMID: 38181868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 25 years, acquired equine polyneuropathy (AEP) has emerged as a neurological disease in Scandinavian horses. This condition is characterized by histopathological features including the presence of Schwann cell (SC) inclusions. Cultivated equine SCs would serve as a valuable resource for investigations of factors triggering this Schwannopathy. Ideally, cells should be sampled for cultivation from fresh nerves immediately after death of the animal, however the availability of fresh material is limited, due to the inconsistent case load and the inherent technical and practical challenges to collection of samples in the field. This study aimed to cultivate SCs from adult equine peripheral nerves and assess their ability to survive in sampled nerve material over time to simulate harvesting of SCs in field situations. NEW METHODS Peripheral nerves from five non-neurological horses were used. After euthanasia, both fresh and non-fresh nerve samples were harvested from each horse. Flow cytometry was employed to confirm the cellular identity and to determine the SC purity. RESULTS The results revealed successful establishment of SC cultures from adult equine peripheral nerves, with the potential to achieve high SC purity from both fresh and non-fresh nerve samples. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD While most SC isolation methods focus on harvest of cells from fresh nerve materials from laboratory animals, our approach highlights the possibility of utilizing SC cultures from field-harvested and transported nerve samples from horses. CONCLUSIONS We describe a method for isolating SCs with high purity from both fresh and non-fresh peripheral nerves of adult horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Friis Kvigstad
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Ingvild Ketilsdotter Øverland
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Fredrik Strebel Skedsmo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Karin Hultin Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesensvei 24/30, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Gittan Gröndahl
- Department of Animal Health and Microbial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala 75189, Sweden
| | - Siv Hanche-Olsen
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oluf Thesensvei 24/30, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, Ås 1433, Norway.
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Ding Z, Jiang M, Qian J, Gu D, Bai H, Cai M, Yao D. Role of transforming growth factor-β in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:380-386. [PMID: 37488894 PMCID: PMC10503632 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits. Unlike in the central nervous system, damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells. However, axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function, which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge. Transforming growth factor (TGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair, embryo development, and cell growth and differentiation. There is accumulating evidence that TGF-β family proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells; recruiting specific immune cells; controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier, thereby stimulating axon growth; and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons. TGF-β has been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models. In this context, we review the functions of TGF-β in peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Cai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Fuentes-Flores A, Geronimo-Olvera C, Girardi K, Necuñir-Ibarra D, Patel SK, Bons J, Wright MC, Geschwind D, Hoke A, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Schilling B, Rebolledo DL, Campisi J, Court FA. Senescent Schwann cells induced by aging and chronic denervation impair axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17907. [PMID: 37860842 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, successful axonal growth and functional recovery require Schwann cell (SC) reprogramming into a reparative phenotype, a process dependent upon c-Jun transcription factor activation. Unfortunately, axonal regeneration is greatly impaired in aged organisms and following chronic denervation, which can lead to poor clinical outcomes. While diminished c-Jun expression in SCs has been associated with regenerative failure, it is unclear whether the inability to maintain a repair state is associated with the transition into an axonal growth inhibition phenotype. We here find that reparative SCs transition into a senescent phenotype, characterized by diminished c-Jun expression and secretion of inhibitory factors for axonal regeneration in aging and chronic denervation. In both conditions, the elimination of senescent SCs by systemic senolytic drug treatment or genetic targeting improved nerve regeneration and functional recovery, increased c-Jun expression and decreased nerve inflammation. This work provides the first characterization of senescent SCs and their influence on axonal regeneration in aging and chronic denervation, opening new avenues for enhancing regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fuentes-Flores
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Geronimo-Olvera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Girardi
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - David Necuñir-Ibarra
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Megan C Wright
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, UMH-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Daniela L Rebolledo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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7
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Monje PV. Human Schwann Cells in vitro II. Passaging, Purification, Banking, and Labeling of Established Cultures. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4882. [PMID: 38023793 PMCID: PMC10665714 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes step-by-step procedures to establish and manage fresh and cryopreserved cultures of nerve-derived human Schwann cells (hSCs) at the desired scale. Adaptable protocols are provided to propagate hSC cultures through serial passaging and perform routine manipulations such as enzymatic dissociation, purification, cryogenic preservation, live-cell labeling, and gene delivery. Expanded hSCs cultures are metabolically active, proliferative, and phenotypically stable for at least three consecutive passages. Cell yields are expected to be variable as determined by the rate of growth of individual batches and the rounds of subculture. The purity, however, can be maintained high at >95% hSC regardless of passage. The cells obtained in this manner are suitable for various applications, including small drug screens, in vitro modeling of neurodevelopmental processes, and cell transplantation. One caveat of this protocol is that continued expansion of same-batch hSC populations is eventually restricted due to senescence-linked growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V. Monje
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Mutschler C, Fazal SV, Schumacher N, Loreto A, Coleman MP, Arthur-Farraj P. Schwann cells are axo-protective after injury irrespective of myelination status in mouse Schwann cell-neuron cocultures. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261557. [PMID: 37642648 PMCID: PMC10546878 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelinating Schwann cell (SC)-dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cocultures are an important technique for understanding cell-cell signalling and interactions during peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination, injury, and regeneration. Although methods using rat SCs and neurons or mouse DRG explants are commonplace, there are no established protocols for compartmentalised myelinating cocultures with dissociated mouse cells. There consequently is a need for a coculture protocol that allows separate genetic manipulation of mouse SCs or neurons, or use of cells from different transgenic animals to complement in vivo mouse experiments. However, inducing myelination of dissociated mouse SCs in culture is challenging. Here, we describe a new method to coculture dissociated mouse SCs and DRG neurons in microfluidic chambers and induce robust myelination. Cocultures can be axotomised to study injury and used for drug treatments, and cells can be lentivirally transduced for live imaging. We used this model to investigate axon degeneration after traumatic axotomy and find that SCs, irrespective of myelination status, are axo-protective. At later timepoints after injury, live imaging of cocultures shows that SCs break up, ingest and clear axonal debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mutschler
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Shaline V. Fazal
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Nathalie Schumacher
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapies, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrea Loreto
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Michael P. Coleman
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Peter Arthur-Farraj
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
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Dolatyar B, Zeynali B, Shabani I, Parvaneh Tafreshi A. High-efficient serum-free differentiation of trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann-like cells on polylactide electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137417. [PMID: 37549866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies of the peripheral nerve injury (PNI) have provided satisfactory outcomes among which Schwann cells (SCs) are the most reliable candidate to improve repair of the damaged nerve, however, it is difficult to obtain sufficient amount of SCs for clinical applications. Trabecular meshwork-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TM-MSCs) are newly introduced neural crest originated MSCs, which may have a desirable potential for Schwann-like differentiation due to their common lineage. On the other hand, one of the challenges of cell-based therapies is usage of serum containing media which is inappropriate for clinical applications. In the present study, we investigated the differentiation potential of TM-MSCs into Schwann-like cells on polylactide (PLA) nanofibrous scaffolds in the presence or absence of serum. Our results revealed that PLA nanofibers had no negative effects on the cell growth and proliferation of TM-MSCs, and improved Schwann-like differentiation compared with tissue culture plates (TCPs). More importantly, when the cells cultured on the scaffold in the presence of serum-free media (SFM), expression mRNA levels of SC markers (S100B, GAP43, GFAP and SOX10) were significantly increased compared with those of serum-rich groups. Immunostaining of TM-MSCs cultured on serum-free PLA nanofibrous scaffolds also showed significant expression of GAP43, GFAP and SOX10 compared to those of control, indicating the efficient role of SFM in the differentiation of TM-MSCs into SCs lineage. Overall, the findings of this study revealed the differentiation potential of TM-MSCs to SC fate for the first time, and also showed the beneficial effects of SFM and PLA nanofibrous scaffolds as a promising approach for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Dolatyar
- Developmental Biology Lab, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zeynali
- Developmental Biology Lab, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iman Shabani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Parvaneh Tafreshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Lin H. Research progress on the reduced neural repair ability of aging Schwann cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1228282. [PMID: 37545880 PMCID: PMC10398339 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1228282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is associated with delayed repair of the injured nerves in elderly patients, resulting in loss of nerve function, chronic pain, muscle atrophy, and permanent disability. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the delayed repair of peripheral nerves in aging patients should be investigated. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in repairing PNI and regulating various nerve-repair genes after injury. SCs also promote peripheral nerve repair through various modalities, including mediating nerve demyelination, secreting neurotrophic factors, establishing Büngner bands, clearing axon and myelin debris, and promoting axon remyelination. However, aged SCs undergo structural and functional changes, leading to demyelination and dedifferentiation disorders, decreased secretion of neurotrophic factors, impaired clearance of axonal and myelin debris, and reduced capacity for axon remyelination. As a result, aged SCs may result in delayed repair of nerves after injury. This review article aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the diminished neural repair ability of aging SCs.
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11
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Numata-Uematasu Y, Wakatsuki S, Kobayashi-Ujiie Y, Sakai K, Ichinohe N, Araki T. In vitro myelination using explant culture of dorsal root ganglia: An efficient tool for analyzing peripheral nerve differentiation and disease modeling. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285897. [PMID: 37224113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves conducting motor and somatosensory signals in vertebrate consist of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. In vitro myelination culture, generated by co-culturing Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, is an indispensable tool for modeling physiological and pathological conditions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This technique allows researchers to overexpress or downregulate molecules investigated in neurons or SCs to evaluate the effect of such molecules on myelination. In vitro myelination experiments are usually time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. Here we report an optimized protocol for in vitro myelination using DRG explant culture. We found that our in vitro myelination using DRG explant (IVMDE) culture not only achieves myelination with higher efficiency than conventional in vitro myelination methods, but also can be used to observe Remak bundle and non-myelinating SCs, which were unrecognizable in conventional methods. Because of these characteristics, IVMDE may be useful in modeling PNS diseases, including Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT), in vitro. These results suggest that IVMDE may achieve a condition more similar to peripheral nerve myelination observed during physiological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Numata-Uematasu
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi-Ujiie
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Huang Z, Powell R, Kankowski S, Phillips JB, Haastert-Talini K. Culture Conditions for Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Schwann Cells: A Two-Centre Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065366. [PMID: 36982441 PMCID: PMC10049204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human Schwann cells represent a relevant tool for studying peripheral neuropathies and developing regenerative therapies to treat nerve damage. Primary adult human Schwann cells are, however, difficult to obtain and challenging to propagate in culture. One potential solution is to generate Schwann cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Previously published protocols, however, in our hands did not deliver sufficient viable cell numbers of hiPSC-derived Schwann cells (hiPSC-SCs). We present here, two modified protocols from two collaborating laboratories that overcome these challenges. With this, we also identified the relevant parameters to be specifically considered in any proposed differentiation protocol. Furthermore, we are, to our knowledge, the first to directly compare hiPSC-SCs to primary adult human Schwann cells using immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. We conclude the type of coating to be important during the differentiation process from Schwann cell precursor cells or immature Schwann cells to definitive Schwann cells, as well as the amounts of glucose in the specific differentiation medium to be crucial for increasing its efficiency and the final yield of viable hiPSC-SCs. Our hiPSC-SCs further displayed high similarity to primary adult human Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Huang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL, London WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - James B. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL, London WC1H 0AL, UK
- Correspondence: (J.B.P.); (K.H.-T.)
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30623 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.P.); (K.H.-T.)
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13
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Chu TH, Midha R. Behavioral and axon histomorphometric analyses after intraneural transplantation of human skin- and nerve-derived Schwann cells in nude rats. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:177-181. [PMID: 36507578 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS We have recently isolated and expanded skin-derived Schwann cells (Sk-SCs) from human skin and showed that they are largely similar to nerve-derived Schwann cells (N-SCs). Here, we extend our investigation into functional assessments of the nude rats that received human Sk-SCs and N-SCs after intraneural delivery into crushed and decellularized tibial nerve in adult nude rats. METHODS Sk-SCs, N-SCs, dermal fibroblasts, or control culture medium was injected into the crushed and decellularized tibial nerve using in situ repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Animals were then subjected to a ladder rung walking test, nociceptive von Frey testing, and walking gait analysis weekly. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were weighed, distal nerves were harvested, and whole semithin cross-sections were analyzed using segmentation software. RESULTS N-SC-injected and dermal fibroblast-injected animals improved significantly at 4 to 6 weeks postinjury in nociceptive assessment compared with medium-injected controls. Sk-SCs recovered more rapidly in tibial functional index at 2 weeks postinjury compared with medium-injected controls. No significant difference was observed for the ladder rung walking test or muscle weight ratio. Histologically, the number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all cell injection groups compared with medium-injected controls. No significant difference was observed in g ratio, axon diameter, or myelin thickness. DISCUSSION Cell injection significantly improved axon regeneration across an in situ decellularized nerve segment. However, a more human cell-permissive animal model is required to delineate functional differences between cell types for preclinical transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Khosropanah MH, Majidi Zolbin M, Kajbafzadeh AM, Amani L, Harririan I, Azimzadeh A, Nejatian T, Alizadeh Vaghsloo M, Hassannejad Z. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Mature Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) and Silkworm Pupae Extracts on Schwann Cell Proliferation and Axon Growth: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e133552. [PMID: 36896320 PMCID: PMC9990520 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Silkworm products were first used by physicians more than 8500 years ago, in the early Neolithic period. In Persian medicine, silkworm extract has several uses for treating and preventing neurological, cardiac, and liver diseases. Mature silkworms (Bombyx mori) and their pupae contain a variety of growth factors and proteins that can be used in many repair processes, including nerve regeneration. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the effects of mature silkworm (Bombyx mori), and silkworm pupae extract on Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth. Methods Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and silkworm pupae extracts were prepared. Then, the concentration and type of amino acids and proteins in the extracts were evaluated by Bradford assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Also, the regenerative potential of extracts for improving Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth was examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, electron microscopy, and NeuroFilament-200 (NF-200) immunostaining. Results According to the results of the Bradford test, the total protein content of pupae extract was almost twice that of mature worm extract. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed numerous proteins and growth factors, such as bombyrin and laminin, in extracts that are involved in the repair of the nervous system. In accordance with Bradford's results, the evaluation of extracts using LC-MS/MS revealed that the number of amino acids in pupae extract was higher than in mature silkworm extract. It was found that the proliferation of Schwann cells at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL in both extracts was higher than the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL. When using both extracts on dorsal root ganglion (DRGs), an increase in length and number was observed in axons. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated that extracts obtained from silkworms, especially pupae, can play an effective role in Schwann cell proliferation and axonal growth, which can be strong evidence for nerve regeneration, and, consequently, repairing peripheral nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khosropanah
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Amani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Harririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Azimzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touraj Nejatian
- AFHEA Prosthodontics and ORE University College London, London, England
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghsloo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine Network, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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16
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Li WY, Li ZG, Fu XM, Wang XY, Lv ZX, Sun P, Zhu XF, Wang Y. Transgenic Schwann cells overexpressing POU6F1 promote sciatic nerve regeneration within acellular nerve allografts. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36317259 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9e1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Acellular nerve allograft (ANA) is an effective surgical approach used to bridge the sciatic nerve gap. The molecular regulators of post-surgical recovery are not well-known. Here, we explored the effect of transgenic Schwann cells (SCs) overexpressing POU domain class 6, transcription factor 1 (POU6F1) on sciatic nerve regeneration within ANAs. We explored the functions of POU6F1 in nerve regeneration by using a cell model of H2O2-induced SCs injury and transplanting SCs overexpressing POU6F1 into ANA to repair sciatic nerve gaps.Approach.Using RNA-seq, Protein-Protein Interaction network analysis, gene ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we identified a highly and differentially expressed transcription factor, POU6F1, following ANA treatment of sciatic nerve gap. Expressing a high degree of connectivity, POU6F1 was predicted to play a role in peripheral nervous system myelination.Main results.To test the role of POU6F1 in nerve regeneration after ANA, we infected SCs with adeno-associated virus-POU6F1, demonstrating that POU6F1 overexpression promotes proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and migration of SCsin vitro. We also found that POU6F1 significantly upregulated JNK1/2 and c-Jun phosphorylation and that selective JNK1/2 inhibition attenuated the effects of POU6F1 on proliferation, survival, migration, and JNK1/2 and c-Jun phosphorylation. The direct interaction of POU6F1 and activated JNK1/2 was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In rat sciatic nerve injury model with a 10 mm gap, we confirmed the pattern of POU6F1 upregulation and co-localization with transplanted SCs. ANAs loaded with POU6F1-overexpressing SCs demonstrated the enhanced survival of transplanted SCs, axonal regeneration, myelination, and functional motor recovery compared to the ANA group loaded by SCs-only in line within vitrofindings.Significance.This study identifies POU6F1 as a novel regulator of post-injury sciatic nerve repair, acting through JNK/c-Jun signaling in SCs to optimize therapeutic outcomes in the ANA surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiao Lv
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Intisar A, Shin HY, Kim W, Kang HG, Kim MY, Kim YS, Cho Y, Mo YJ, Lim H, Lee S, Lu QR, Lee Y, Kim MS. Implantable Electroceutical Approach Improves Myelination by Restoring Membrane Integrity in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Demyelinating Neuropathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201358. [PMID: 35975427 PMCID: PMC9661852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although many efforts are undertaken to treat peripheral demyelinating neuropathies based on biochemical interventions, unfortunately, there is no approved treatment yet. Furthermore, previous studies have not shown improvement of the myelin membrane at the biomolecular level. Here, an electroceutical treatment is introduced as a biophysical intervention to treat Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease-the most prevalent peripheral demyelinating neuropathy worldwide-using a mouse model. The specific electrical stimulation (ES) condition (50 mV mm-1 , 20 Hz, 1 h) for optimal myelination is found via an in vitro ES screening system, and its promyelinating effect is validated with ex vivo dorsal root ganglion model. Biomolecular investigation via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that ES ameliorates distribution abnormalities of peripheral myelin protein 22 and cholesterol in the myelin membrane, revealing the restoration of myelin membrane integrity. ES intervention in vivo via flexible implantable electrodes shows not only gradual rehabilitation of mouse behavioral phenotypes (balance and endurance), but also restored myelin thickness, compactness, and membrane integrity. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that an electroceutical approach with the optimal ES condition has the potential to treat CMT disease and restore impaired myelin membrane integrity, shifting the paradigm toward practical interventions for peripheral demyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseer Intisar
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Shin
- CTCELLS Corp.Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- SBCure Corp.Daegu43017Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Gyu Kang
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Well Aging Research CenterDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Cho
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics EngineeringDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeoung Mo
- Well Aging Research CenterDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Lim
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics EngineeringDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Department of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Yun‐Il Lee
- Well Aging Research CenterDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok S. Kim
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
- CTCELLS Corp.Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Translational Responsive Medicine Center (TRMC)DGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC)DGISTDaegu42988Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Q, Chen FY, Ling ZM, Su WF, Zhao YY, Chen G, Wei ZY. The Effect of Schwann Cells/Schwann Cell-Like Cells on Cell Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:836931. [PMID: 35350167 PMCID: PMC8957843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.836931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological issue that leads to sensory and motor disorders. Over time, the treatment for peripheral neuropathy has primarily focused on medications for specific symptoms and surgical techniques. Despite the different advantages of these treatments, functional recovery remains less than ideal. Schwann cells, as the primary glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, play crucial roles in physiological and pathological conditions by maintaining nerve structure and functions and secreting various signaling molecules and neurotrophic factors to support both axonal growth and myelination. In addition, stem cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells, skin precursor cells and neural stem cells, have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells to perform similar functions as Schwann cells. Therefore, accumulating evidence indicates that Schwann cell transplantation plays a crucial role in the resolution of peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding the use of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation for different peripheral neuropathies and the potential role of promoting nerve repair and functional recovery. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of Schwann cell/Schwann cell-like cell transplantation in future clinical applications. Together, these studies provide insights into the effect of Schwann cells/Schwann cell-like cells on cell therapy and uncover prospective therapeutic strategies for peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Chen,
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Zhong-Ya Wei,
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19
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Yun W, Kim YJ, Lee G. Direct Conversion to Achieve Glial Cell Fates: Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:14-25. [PMID: 35220289 PMCID: PMC8889328 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia have been known for its pivotal roles in physiological and pathological conditions in the nervous system. To study glial biology, multiple approaches have been applied to utilize glial cells for research, including stem cell-based technologies. Human glial cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells are now available, allowing us to study the structural and functional roles of glia in the nervous system, although the efficiency is still low. Direct conversion is an advanced strategy governing fate conversion of diverse cell types directly into the desired lineage. This novel strategy stands as a promising approach for preliminary research and regenerative medicine. Direct conversion employs genetic and environmental cues to change cell fate to that with the required functional cell properties while retaining maturity-related molecular features. As an alternative method, it is now possible to obtain a variety of mature cell populations that could not be obtained using conventional differentiation methods. This review summarizes current achievements in obtaining glia, particularly oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Yun
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Goluba K, Kunrade L, Riekstina U, Parfejevs V. Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:832. [PMID: 35269454 PMCID: PMC8908985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the digestive system is ensured by coordinated action of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Peripheral innervation of the digestive system can be viewed as intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic portion is mainly composed of the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), while the extrinsic part is formed by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory branches of the PNS. Glial cells are a crucial component of digestive tract innervation, and a great deal of research evidence highlights the important status of ENS glia in health and disease. In this review, we shift the focus a bit and discuss the functions of Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the extrinsic innervation of the digestive system. For more context, we also provide information on the basic findings regarding the function of innervation in disorders of the digestive organs. We find diverse SC roles described particularly in the mouth, the pancreas, and the intestine. We note that most of the scientific evidence concerns the involvement of SCs in cancer progression and pain, but some research identifies stem cell functions and potential for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, House of Science, Jelgavas Str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.G.); (L.K.); (U.R.)
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21
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Negro S, Pirazzini M, Rigoni M. Models and methods to study Schwann cells. J Anat 2022; 241:1235-1258. [PMID: 34988978 PMCID: PMC9558160 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are fundamental components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of all vertebrates and play essential roles in development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves. There are distinct populations of SCs including: (1) myelinating SCs that ensheath axons by a specialized plasma membrane, called myelin, which enhances the conduction of electric impulses; (2) non‐myelinating SCs, including Remak SCs, which wrap bundles of multiple axons of small caliber, and perysinaptic SCs (PSCs), associated with motor axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). All types of SCs contribute to PNS regeneration through striking morphological and functional changes in response to nerve injury, are affected in peripheral neuropathies and show abnormalities and a diminished plasticity during aging. Therefore, methodological approaches to study and manipulate SCs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are crucial to expand the present knowledge on SC biology and to devise new therapeutic strategies to counteract neurodegenerative conditions and age‐derived denervation. We present here an updated overview of traditional and emerging methodologies for the study of SCs for scientists approaching this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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22
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Pandey S, Mudgal J. A Review on the Role of Endogenous Neurotrophins and Schwann Cells in Axonal Regeneration. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:398-408. [PMID: 34843075 PMCID: PMC9810669 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the peripheral nerve is traditionally referred to acquired nerve injury as they are the result of physical trauma due to laceration, stretch, crush and compression of nerves. However, peripheral nerve injury may not be completely limited to acquired physical trauma. Peripheral nerve injury equally implies clinical conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Physical trauma is commonly mono-neuropathic as it engages a single nerve and produces focal damage, while in the context of pathological conditions the damage is divergent involving a group of the nerve causing polyneuropathy. Damage to the peripheral nerve can cause a diverse range of manifestations from sensory impairment to loss of function with unpredictable recovery patterns. Presently no treatment option provides complete or functional recovery in nerve injury, as nerve cells are highly differentiated and inert to regeneration. However, the regenerative phenotypes in Schwann cells get expressed when a signalling cascade is triggered by neurotrophins. Neurotrophins are one of the promising biomolecules that are released naturally post-injury with the potential to exhibit better functional recovery. Pharmacological intervention modulating the expression of these neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) can prove to be a significant treatment option as endogenous compounds which may have remarkable innate advantage showing maximum 'biological relevance'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyak Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104.
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Xian F, Sondermann JR, Gomez Varela D, Schmidt M. Deep proteome profiling reveals signatures of age and sex differences in paw skin and sciatic nerve of naïve mice. eLife 2022; 11:81431. [PMID: 36448997 PMCID: PMC9711526 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The age and sex of studied animals profoundly impact experimental outcomes in biomedical research. However, most preclinical studies in mice use a wide-spanning age range from 4 to 20 weeks and do not assess male and female mice in parallel. This raises concerns regarding reproducibility and neglects potentially relevant age and sex differences, which are largely unknown at the molecular level in naïve mice. Here, we employed an optimized quantitative proteomics workflow in order to deeply profile mouse paw skin and sciatic nerves (SCN) - two tissues implicated in nociception and pain as well as diseases linked to inflammation, injury, and demyelination. Remarkably, we uncovered significant differences when comparing male and female mice at adolescent (4 weeks) and adult (14 weeks) age. Our analysis deciphered protein subsets and networks that were correlated with the age and/or sex of mice. Notably, among these were proteins/biological pathways with known (patho)physiological relevance, e.g., homeostasis and epidermal signaling in skin, and, in SCN, multiple myelin proteins and regulators of neuronal development. Extensive comparisons with available databases revealed that various proteins associated with distinct skin diseases and pain exhibited significant abundance changes in dependence on age and/or sex. Taken together, our study uncovers hitherto unknown sex and age differences at the level of proteins and protein networks. Overall, we provide a unique proteome resource that facilitates mechanistic insights into somatosensory and skin biology, and integrates age and sex as biological variables - a prerequisite for successful preclinical studies in mouse disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- Systems Biology of Pain, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julia Regina Sondermann
- Systems Biology of Pain, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - David Gomez Varela
- Systems Biology of Pain, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Systems Biology of Pain, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Rosso G, Wehner D, Schweitzer C, Möllmert S, Sock E, Guck J, Shahin V. Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10257. [PMID: 35079632 PMCID: PMC8780053 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, mature Schwann cells (SCs) de-differentiate and undergo cell reprogramming to convert into a specialized cell repair phenotype that promotes nerve regeneration. Reprogramming of SCs into the repair phenotype is tightly controlled at the genome level and includes downregulation of pro-myelinating genes and activation of nerve repair-associated genes. Nerve injuries induce not only biochemical but also mechanical changes in the tissue architecture which impact SCs. Recently, we showed that SCs mechanically sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and that SC mechanosensitivity modulates their morphology and migratory behavior. Here, we explore the expression levels of key transcription factors and myelin-associated genes in SCs, and the outgrowth of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, in response to changes in the stiffness of generated matrices. The selected stiffness range matches the physiological conditions of both utilized cell types as determined in our previous investigations. We find that stiffer matrices induce upregulation of the expression of transcription factors Sox2, Oct6, and Krox20, and concomitantly reduce the expression of the repair-associated transcription factor c-Jun, suggesting a link between SC substrate mechanosensing and gene expression regulation. Likewise, DRG neurite outgrowth correlates with substrate stiffness. The remarkable intrinsic physiological plasticity of SCs, and the mechanosensitivity of SCs and neurites, may be exploited in the design of bioengineered scaffolds that promote nerve regeneration upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Department of PhysicsFAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
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25
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Intisar A, Kim WH, Shin HY, Kim MY, Kim YS, Lim H, Kang HG, Mo YJ, Aly MAS, Lee YI, Kim MS. An electroceutical approach enhances myelination via upregulation of lipid biosynthesis in the dorsal root ganglion. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34933294 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As the myelin sheath is crucial for neuronal saltatory conduction, loss of myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) leads to demyelinating neuropathies causing muscular atrophy, numbness, foot deformities and paralysis. Unfortunately, few interventions are available for such neuropathies, because previous pharmaceuticals have shown severe side effects and failed in clinical trials. Therefore, exploring new strategies to enhance PNS myelination is critical to provide solution for such intractable diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation (ES) to enhance myelination in the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) - an ex vivo model of the PNS. Mouse embryonic DRGs were extracted at E13 and seeded onto Matrigel-coated surfaces. After sufficient growth and differentiation, screening was carried out by applying ES in the 1-100 Hz range at the beginning of the myelination process. DRG myelination was evaluated via immunostaining at the intermediate (19 DIV) and mature (30 DIV) stages. Further biochemical analyses were carried out by utilizing RNA sequencing, qPCR and biochemical assays at both intermediate and mature myelination stages. Imaging of DRG myelin lipids was carried out via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). With screening ES conditions, optimal condition was identified at 20 Hz, which enhanced the percentage of myelinated neurons and average myelin length not only at intermediate (129% and 61%) but also at mature (72% and 17%) myelination stages. Further biochemical analyses elucidated that ES promoted lipid biosynthesis in the DRG. ToF-SIMS imaging showed higher abundance of the structural lipids, cholesterol and sphingomyelin, in the myelin membrane. Therefore, promotion of lipid biosynthesis and higher abundance of myelin lipids led to ES-mediated myelination enhancement. Given that myelin lipid deficiency is culpable for most demyelinating PNS neuropathies, the results might pave a new way to treat such diseases via electroceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseer Intisar
- New Biology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- CTCELLS Corp., 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun Young Shin
- CTCELLS Corp., 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Min Young Kim
- New Biology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Heejin Lim
- New Biology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun Gyu Kang
- New Biology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yun Jeoung Mo
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Mohamed Aly Saad Aly
- New Biology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Minseok S Kim
- New Biology, DGIST, Room 313, Building E5, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea (the Republic of)
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26
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Monje PV, Bacallao K, Aparicio GI, Lalwani A. Heregulin Activity Assays for Residual Testing of Cell Therapy Products. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:22. [PMID: 34772336 PMCID: PMC8590303 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heregulin is a ligand for the protooncogene product ErbB/HER that acts as a key mitogenic factor for human Schwann cells (hSCs). Heregulin is required for sustained hSC growth in vitro but must be thoroughly removed before cell collection for transplantation due to potential safety concerns. The goal of this study was to develop simple cell-based assays to assess the effectiveness of heregulin addition to and removal from aliquots of hSC culture medium. These bioassays were based on the capacity of a β1-heregulin peptide to elicit ErbB/HER receptor signaling in adherent ErbB2+/ErbB3+ cells. Results Western blotting was used to measure the activity of three different β1-heregulin/ErbB-activated kinases (ErbB3/HER3, ERK/MAPK and Akt/PKB) using phospho-specific antibodies against key activating residues. The duration, dose-dependency and specificity of β1-heregulin-initiated kinase phosphorylation were investigated, and controls were implemented for assay optimization and reproducibility to detect β1-heregulin activity in the nanomolar range. Results from these assays showed that the culture medium from transplantable hSCs elicited no detectable activation of the aforementioned kinases in independent rounds of testing, indicating that the implemented measures can ensure that the final hSC product is devoid of bioactive β1-heregulin molecules prior to transplantation. Conclusions These assays may be valuable to detect impurities such as undefined soluble factors or factors for which other biochemical or biological assays are not yet available. Our workflow can be modified as necessary to determine the presence of ErbB/HER, ERK, and Akt activators other than β1-heregulin using native samples, such as fresh isolates from cell- or tissue extracts in addition to culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Monje
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Ketty Bacallao
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriela I Aparicio
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Rodolfo A. Ugalde", Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIBio-UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anil Lalwani
- Cell and Gene Therapy CMC and Regulatory Advisor, Boulder, CO, USA
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Sundaram VK, El Jalkh T, Barakat R, Fernandez CJI, Massaad C, Grenier J. Retracing Schwann Cell Developmental Transitions in Embryonic Dissociated DRG/Schwann Cell Cocultures in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:590537. [PMID: 34093128 PMCID: PMC8173108 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.590537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic Dissociated Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) cultures are often used to investigate the role of novel molecular pathways or drugs in Schwann cell development and myelination. These cultures largely recapitulate the order of cellular and molecular events that occur in Schwann cells of embryonic nerves. However, the timing of Schwann cell developmental transitions, notably the transition from Schwann Cell Precursors (SCP) to immature Schwann cells (iSC) and then to myelinating Schwann cells, has not been estimated so far in this culture system. In this study, we determined the expression profiles of Schwann cell developmental genes during the first week of culture and then compared our data to the expression profiles of these genes in developing spinal nerves. This helped in identifying that SCP transition into iSC between the 5th and 7th day in vitro. Furthermore, we also investigated the transition of immature cells into pro-myelinating and myelinating Schwann cells upon the induction of myelination in vitro. Our results suggest that Schwann cell differentiation beyond the immature stage can be observed as early as 4 days post the induction of myelination in cocultures. Finally, we compared the myelinating potential of coculture-derived Schwann cell monocultures to cultures established from neonatal sciatic nerves and found that both these culture systems exhibit similar myelinating phenotypes. In effect, our results allow for a better understanding and interpretation of coculture experiments especially in studies that aim to elucidate the role of a novel actor in Schwann cell development and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana El Jalkh
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,EC2M, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1016, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Charbel Massaad
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Grenier
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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28
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Advances in 3D neuronal microphysiological systems: towards a functional nervous system on a chip. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:191-206. [PMID: 33438114 PMCID: PMC7802613 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to study the complexities of the peripheral and central nervous systems have made marked improvements over the years and have allowed researchers to assess in two and three dimensions the functional interconnectivity of neuronal tissues. The recent generation of brain organoids has further propelled the field into the nascent recapitulation of structural, functional, and effective connectivities which are found within the native human nervous system. Herein, we will review advances in culture methodologies, focused especially on those of human tissues, which seek to bridge the gap from 2D cultures to hierarchical and defined 3D MPS with the end goal of developing a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
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29
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Wei Z, Shu S, Zhang M, Xie S, Tang S, Nie K, Li H. A Subpopulation of Schwann Cell-Like Cells With Nerve Regeneration Signatures Is Identified Through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637924. [PMID: 34093220 PMCID: PMC8171402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs) derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have been shown to promote peripheral nerve regeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanism was still poorly understood. In order to investigate the heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanism of SCLCs in the treatment of peripheral nerve regeneration at a single cell level, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to profile single cell populations of hAMSCs and SCLCs. We profiled 6,008 and 5,140 single cells from hAMSCs and SCLCs, respectively. Based on bioinformatics analysis, pathways associated with proliferation, ECM organization, and tissue repair were enriched within both populations. Cell cycle analysis indicated that single cells within these two populations remained mostly in the G0/G1 phase. The transformation of single cells from hAMSCs to SCLCs was characterized by pseudotime analysis. Furthermore, we identified a subpopulation of SCLCs that highly expressed genes associated with Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and survival, such as JUN, JUND, and NRG1., Genes such as PTGS2, PITX1, VEGFA, and FGF2 that promote nerve regeneration were also highly expressed in single cells within this subpopulation, and terms associated with inflammatory and tissue repair were enriched in this subpopulation by pathway enrichment analysis. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of SCLCs with nerve regeneration signatures may be the key populations that promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zairong Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shenyou Shu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sitian Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaiyu Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Haihong Li,
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30
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Huang Z, Powell R, Phillips JB, Haastert-Talini K. Perspective on Schwann Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering. Cells 2020; 9:E2497. [PMID: 33213068 PMCID: PMC7698557 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells play a crucial role in successful peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by supporting both axonal growth and myelination. Schwann cells are therefore a feasible option for cell therapy treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, sourcing human Schwann cells at quantities required for development beyond research is challenging. Due to their availability, rapid in vitro expansion, survival, and integration within the host tissue, stem cells have attracted considerable attention as candidate cell therapies. Among them, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the associated prospects for personalized treatment are a promising therapy to take the leap from bench to bedside. In this critical review, we firstly focus on the current knowledge of the Schwann cell phenotype in regard to peripheral nerve injury, including crosstalk with the immune system during peripheral nerve regeneration. Then, we review iPSC to Schwann cell derivation protocols and the results from recent in vitro and in vivo studies. We finally conclude with some prospects for the use of iPSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Huang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James B. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Peng K, Sant D, Andersen N, Silvera R, Camarena V, Piñero G, Graham R, Khan A, Xu XM, Wang G, Monje PV. Magnetic separation of peripheral nerve-resident cells underscores key molecular features of human Schwann cells and fibroblasts: an immunochemical and transcriptomics approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18433. [PMID: 33116158 PMCID: PMC7595160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve-derived human Schwann cell (SC) cultures are irreplaceable models for basic and translational research but their use can be limited due to the risk of fibroblast overgrowth. Fibroblasts are an ill-defined population consisting of highly proliferative cells that, contrary to human SCs, do not undergo senescence in culture. We initiated this study by performing an exhaustive immunological and functional characterization of adult nerve-derived human SCs and fibroblasts to reveal their properties and optimize a protocol of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate them effectively both as viable and biologically competent cells. We next used immunofluorescence microscopy imaging, flow cytometry analysis and next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to unambiguously characterize the post-MACS cell products. High resolution transcriptome profiling revealed the identity of key lineage-specific transcripts and the clearly distinct neural crest and mesenchymal origin of human SCs and fibroblasts, respectively. Our analysis underscored a progenitor- or stem cell-like molecular phenotype in SCs and fibroblasts and the heterogeneity of the fibroblast populations. In addition, pathway analysis of RNA-seq data highlighted putative bidirectional networks of fibroblast-to-SC signaling that predict a complementary, yet seemingly independent contribution of SCs and fibroblasts to nerve regeneration. In sum, combining MACS with immunochemical and transcriptomics approaches provides an ideal workflow to exhaustively assess the identity, the stage of differentiation and functional features of highly purified cells from human peripheral nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Peng
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Sant
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natalia Andersen
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Risset Silvera
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir Camarena
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gonzalo Piñero
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, and CONICET, Instituto de Química Y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regina Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula V Monje
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The Miami Project To Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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