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Zhu L, Du Y. A promising new approach to cancer therapy: Manipulate ferroptosis by hijacking endogenous iron. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124517. [PMID: 39084581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has emerged as a focal point in the field of cancer therapy. Compared with other cell death modes such as apoptosis and necrosis, ferroptosis exhibits many distinct characteristics in the molecular mechanisms and cell morphology, offering a promising avenue for combating cancers that are resistant to conventional therapeutic modalities. In light of the serious side effects associated with current Fenton-modulating ferroptosis therapies utilizing exogenous iron-based inorganic nanomaterials, hijacking endogenous iron could serve as an effective alternative strategy to trigger ferroptosis through targeting cellular iron regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the underlying iron regulatory mechanism in the process of ferroptosis has shed light on the current findings of endogenous ferroptosis-based nanomedicine strategies for cancer therapy. Here in this review article, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the regulatory network of iron metabolism and its pivotal role in ferroptosis, and present recent updates on the application of nanoparticles endowed with the ability to hijack endogenous iron for ferroptosis. We envision that the insights in the study may expedite the development and translation of endogenous ferroptosis-based nanomedicines for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321299, China.
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2
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Xie X, Huang C. Role of the gut-muscle axis in mitochondrial function of ageing muscle under different exercise modes. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102316. [PMID: 38703951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental role of the gut microbiota through the gut-muscle axis in skeletal muscle ageing is increasingly recognised. Metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota are essential in maintaining skeletal muscle function and metabolism. The energy produced by mitochondria and moderate levels of reactive oxygen species can contribute to this process. Metabolites can effectively target the mitochondria, slowing the progression of muscle ageing and potentially representing a marker of ageing-related skeletal muscle loss. Moreover, mitochondria can contribute to the immune response, gut microbiota biodiversity, and maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. However, the causal relationship between mitochondrial function and gut microbiota crosstalk remains poorly understood. In addition to elucidating the regulatory pathways of the gut-muscle axis during the ageing process, we focused on the potential role of the "exercise-gut-muscle axis", which represents a pathway under stimulation from different exercise modes to induce mitochondrial adaptations, skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity stability. Meanwhile, different exercise modes can induce mitochondrial adaptations and skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity. Resistance exercise may promote mitochondrial adaptation, increase the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle and muscle hypertrophy, and promote muscle fibre and motor unit recruitment. Whereas endurance exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic capacity, and energy utilisation, activating oxidative metabolism-related pathways to improve skeletal muscle metabolism and function. This review describes the effects of different exercise modes through the gut-muscle axis and how they act through mitochondria in ageing to define the current state of the field and issues requiring resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xie
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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3
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Marzetti E, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Picca A. Mitochondrial Quantity and Quality in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2052. [PMID: 38396729 PMCID: PMC10889427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a condition with a complex pathophysiology. Among the factors underlying the development of sarcopenia are the progressive demise of motor neurons, the transition from fast to slow myosin isoform (type II to type I fiber switch), and the decrease in satellite cell number and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been indicated as a key contributor to skeletal myocyte decline and loss of physical performance with aging. Several systems have been implicated in the regulation of muscle plasticity and trophism such as the fine-tuned and complex regulation between the stimulator of protein synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the inhibitor of mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), that promotes muscle catabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial signaling and quality with muscle homeostasis and performance and discuss the main pathways elicited by their imbalance during age-related muscle wasting. We also discuss lifestyle interventions (i.e., physical exercise and nutrition) that may be exploited to preserve mitochondrial function in the aged muscle. Finally, we illustrate the emerging possibility of rescuing muscle tissue homeostasis through mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00618 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
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4
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Gawargi FI, Mishra PK. Ironing out the details: ferroptosis and its relevance to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R665-R681. [PMID: 37746707 PMCID: PMC11178299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00117.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified myocardial cell death mechanism driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The presence of elevated intramyocardial lipid levels and excessive iron in patients with diabetes suggest a predominant role of ferroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. As myocardial cell death is a precursor of heart failure, and intensive glycemic control cannot abate the increased risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes, targeting myocardial cell death via ferroptosis is a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent and/or treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review provides updated and comprehensive molecular mechanisms underpinning ferroptosis, clarifies several misconceptions about ferroptosis, emphasizes the importance of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced myocardial cell death, and offers valuable approaches to evaluate and target ferroptosis in the diabetic heart. Furthermore, basic concepts and ideas presented in this review, including glutathione peroxidase-4-independent and mitochondrial mechanisms of ferroptosis, are also important for investigating ferroptosis in other diabetic organs, as well as nondiabetic and metabolically compromised hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flobater I Gawargi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Mukem S, Sayoh I, Maungchanburi S, Thongbuakaew T. Ebselen, Iron Uptake Inhibitor, Alleviates Iron Overload-Induced Senescence-Like Neuronal Cells SH-SY5Y via Suppressing the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:6641347. [PMID: 37731679 PMCID: PMC10509000 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6641347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights that excessive iron accumulation in the brain plays a vital role in neuronal senescence and is implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the chemical compounds that eliminate an iron overload may provide better protection against oxidative stress conditions that cause the accumulation of senescent cells during brain aging. Ebselen has been identified as a strongly useful compound in the research on redox biology mechanisms. We hypothesized that ebselen could alleviate an iron overload-induced oxidative stress and consequently reverses the senescence-like phenotypes in the neuronal cells. In the present study, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) before ebselen, and the evaluation of the cellular iron homeostasis, the indicators of oxidative stress, and the onset of senescence phenotypes and mechanisms were carried out accordingly. Our findings showed that ebselen ameliorated the FAC-mediated iron overload by decreasing the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferritin light chain (FT-L) proteins. In contrast, it increased the expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1) protein and its correlation led to a decrease in the expression of the cytosolic labile iron pool (LIP). Furthermore, ebselen significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and rescued the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Notably, ebselen restored the biomarkers of cellular senescence by reducing the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP). This also suppressed the expression of p53 protein targeting DNA damage response (DDR)/p21 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor through a mTORC1 signaling pathway. Potentially, ebselen could be a therapeutic agent for treating brain aging and AD by mitigating iron accumulation and restoring senescence in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirirak Mukem
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Ibrahim Sayoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Maungchanburi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Picca A, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leewenburgh C, Marzetti E. Inflammatory, mitochondrial, and senescence-related markers: Underlying biological pathways of muscle aging and new therapeutic targets. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112204. [PMID: 37169101 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of functional health is pivotal for achieving independent life in older age. The aged muscle is characterized by ultrastructural changes, including loss of type I and type II myofibers and a greater proportion of cytochrome c oxidase deficient and succinate dehydrogenase positive fibers. Both intrinsic (e.g., altered proteostasis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and extrinsic factors (e.g., denervation, altered metabolic regulation, declines in satellite cells, and inflammation) contribute to muscle aging. Being a hub for several cellular activities, mitochondria are key to myocyte viability and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in age-associated physical decline. The maintenance of functional organelles via mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes is, therefore, crucial to skeletal myofiber viability and organismal health. The autophagy-lysosome pathway has emerged as a critical step of MQC in muscle by disposing organelles and proteins via their tagging for autophagosome incorporation and delivery to the lysosome for clearance. This pathway was found to be altered in muscle of physically inactive older adults. A relationship between this pathway and muscle tissue composition of the lower extremities as well as physical performance was also identified. Therefore, integrating muscle structure and myocyte quality control measures in the evaluation of muscle health may be a promising strategy for devising interventions fostering muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Mankowski RT, Wohlgemuth SE, Bresciani G, Martin AD, Arnaoutakis G, Martin T, Jeng E, Ferreira L, Machuca T, Rackauskas M, Smuder AJ, Beaver T, Leeuwenburgh C, Smith BK. Intraoperative Hemi-Diaphragm Electrical Stimulation Demonstrates Attenuated Mitochondrial Function without Change in Oxidative Stress in Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051009. [PMID: 37237876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation during cardiothoracic surgery is life-saving but can lead to ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) and prolong ventilator weaning and hospital length of stay. Intraoperative phrenic nerve stimulation may preserve diaphragm force production to offset VIDD; we also investigated changes in mitochondrial function after stimulation. During cardiothoracic surgeries (n = 21), supramaximal, unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation was performed every 30 min for 1 min. Diaphragm biopsies were collected after the last stimulation and analyzed for mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers and protein expression and enzymatic activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress and mitophagy. Patients received, on average, 6.2 ± 1.9 stimulation bouts. Stimulated hemidiaphragms showed lower leak respiration, maximum electron transport system (ETS) capacities, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and spare capacity compared with unstimulated sides. There were no significant differences between mitochondrial enzyme activities and oxidative stress and mitophagy protein expression levels. Intraoperative phrenic nerve electrical stimulation led to an acute decrease of mitochondrial respiration in the stimulated hemidiaphragm, without differences in biomarkers of mitophagy or oxidative stress. Future studies warrant investigating optimal stimulation doses and testing post-operative chronic stimulation effects on weaning from the ventilator and rehabilitation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - A Daniel Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - George Arnaoutakis
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tomas Martin
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eric Jeng
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Leonardo Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tiago Machuca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas Beaver
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Barbara K Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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8
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Picca A, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Autophagy Meets Aging: An Overview. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030489. [PMID: 36766829 PMCID: PMC9914474 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by biological disarrangements that increase vulnerability to stressors, the development of chronic diseases (e [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-902-1598
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Ali MY, Griguer CE, Flor S, Oliva CR. Mitoferrin-1 Promotes Proliferation and Abrogates Protein Oxidation via the Glutathione Pathway in Glioblastoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020349. [PMID: 36829908 PMCID: PMC9952016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Median overall survival is very low in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), largely because these tumors become resistant to therapy. Recently, we found that a decrease in the cytosolic labile iron pool underlies the acquisition of radioresistance. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial iron are important for regulating ROS production, which largely facilitates tumor progression and response to therapy. Here, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial iron transporters mitoferrin-1 (MFRN1) and mitoferrin-2 (MFRN2) in GBM progression. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed upregulation of MFRN1 mRNA and downregulation of MFRN2 mRNA in GBM tumor tissue compared with non-GBM tissue, yet only the tumor expression level of MFRN1 mRNA negatively correlated with overall survival in patients. Overexpression of MFRN1 in glioma cells significantly increased the level of mitochondrial iron, enhanced the proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth of these cells, and significantly decreased mouse survival in an orthotopic model of glioma. Finally, MFRN1 overexpression stimulated the upregulation of glutathione, which protected glioma cells from 4-hydroxynonenal-induced protein damage. Overall, these results demonstrate a mechanistic link between MFRN1-mediated mitochondrial iron metabolism and GBM progression. Manipulation of MFRN1 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for improving clinical outcomes in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Corinne E. Griguer
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Susanne Flor
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Claudia R. Oliva
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Picca A, Triolo M, Wohlgemuth SE, Martenson MS, Mankowski RT, Anton SD, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C, Hood DA. Relationship between Mitochondrial Quality Control Markers, Lower Extremity Tissue Composition, and Physical Performance in Physically Inactive Older Adults. Cells 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 36611976 PMCID: PMC9818256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial quality and function in muscle may be involved in age-related physical function decline. The role played by the autophagy-lysosome system, a major component of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), is incompletely understood. This study was undertaken to obtain initial indications on the relationship between autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosomal markers in muscle and measures of physical performance and lower extremity tissue composition in young and older adults. Twenty-three participants were enrolled, nine young (mean age: 24.3 ± 4.3 years) and 14 older adults (mean age: 77.9 ± 6.3 years). Lower extremity tissue composition was quantified volumetrically by magnetic resonance imaging and a tissue composition index was calculated as the ratio between muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue volume. Physical performance in older participants was assessed via the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Protein levels of the autophagy marker p62, the mitophagy mediator BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), the lysosomal markers transcription factor EB, vacuolar-type ATPase, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were measured by Western immunoblotting in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Older adults had smaller muscle volume and lower tissue composition index than young participants. The protein content of p62 and BNIP3 was higher in older adults. A negative correlation was detected between p62 and BNIP3 and the tissue composition index. p62 and BNIP3 were also related to the performance on the 5-time sit-to-stand test of the SPPB. Our results suggest that an altered expression of markers of the autophagy/mitophagy-lysosomal system is related to deterioration of lower extremity tissue composition and muscle dysfunction. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of defective MQC in human muscle aging and identify novel biological targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matthew Triolo
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Matthew S. Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert T. Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stephen D. Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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11
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Mitoferrin, Cellular and Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213464. [PMID: 36359860 PMCID: PMC9658796 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for many cellular processes, but cellular iron homeostasis must be maintained to ensure the balance of cellular signaling processes and prevent disease. Iron transport in and out of the cell and cellular organelles is crucial in this regard. The transport of iron into the mitochondria is particularly important, as heme and the majority of iron-sulfur clusters are synthesized in this organelle. Iron is also required for the production of mitochondrial complexes that contain these iron-sulfur clusters and heme. As the principal iron importers in the mitochondria of human cells, the mitoferrins have emerged as critical regulators of cytosolic and mitochondrial iron homeostasis. Here, we review the discovery and structure of the mitoferrins, as well as the significance of these proteins in maintaining cytosolic and mitochondrial iron homeostasis for the prevention of cancer and many other diseases.
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Saini SK, Pérez‐Cremades D, Cheng HS, Kosmac K, Peterson CA, Li L, Tian L, Dong G, Wu KK, Bouverat B, Wohlgemuth SE, Ryan T, Sufit RL, Ferrucci L, McDermott MM, Leeuwenburgh C, Feinberg MW. Dysregulated Genes, MicroRNAs, Biological Pathways, and Gastrocnemius Muscle Fiber Types Associated With Progression of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Preliminary Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023085. [PMID: 36300658 PMCID: PMC9673627 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with gastrocnemius muscle abnormalities. However, the biological pathways associated with gastrocnemius muscle dysfunction and their associations with progression of PAD are largely unknown. This study characterized differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in gastrocnemius biopsies from people without PAD compared with those with PAD. Participants with PAD included those with and without PAD progression. Methods and Results mRNA and miRNA sequencing were performed to identify differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNA-miRNA interactions, and associated biological pathways for 3 sets of comparisons: (1) PAD progression (n=7) versus non-PAD (n=7); (2) PAD no progression (n=6) versus non-PAD; and (3) PAD progression versus PAD no progression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine gastrocnemius muscle fiber types and muscle fiber size. Differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed miRNAs were more abundant in the comparison of PAD progression versus non-PAD compared with PAD with versus without progression. Among the top significant cellular pathways in subjects with PAD progression were muscle contraction or development, transforming growth factor-beta, growth/differentiation factor, and activin signaling, inflammation, cellular senescence, and notch signaling. Subjects with PAD progression had increased frequency of smaller Type 2a gastrocnemius muscle fibers in exploratory analyses. Conclusions Humans with PAD progression exhibited greater differences in the number of gene and miRNA expression, biological pathways, and Type 2a muscle fiber size compared with those without PAD. Fewer differences were observed between people with PAD without progression and control patients without PAD. Further study is needed to confirm whether the identified transcripts may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Saini
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of BiophysicsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Daniel Pérez‐Cremades
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | - Henry S. Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Gengfu Dong
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Kevin K. Wu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Brian Bouverat
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Terence Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Robert L. Sufit
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreMD
| | - Mary M. McDermott
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Iron Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073612. [PMID: 35408967 PMCID: PMC8998315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace metal element necessary to maintain life and is also involved in a variety of biological processes. Aging refers to the natural life process in which the physiological functions of the various systems, organs, and tissues decline, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. During aging, the accumulation of nonheme iron destroys the stability of the intracellular environment. The destruction of iron homeostasis can induce cell damage by producing hydroxyl free radicals, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, brain aging, and even organismal aging. In this review, we have briefly summarized the role of the metabolic process of iron in the body, then discussed recent developments of iron metabolism in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and finally, explored some iron chelators as treatment strategies for those disorders. Understanding the roles of iron metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases will fill the knowledge gap in the field. This review could provide new insights into the research on iron metabolism and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Camarena V, Huff TC, Wang G. Epigenomic regulation by labile iron. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:44-49. [PMID: 33493555 PMCID: PMC8217092 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient metal for cellular functions but can generate highly reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative damage. For these reasons its uptake and metabolism is highly regulated. A small but dynamic fraction of ferrous iron inside the cell, termed intracellular labile iron, is redox-reactive and ready to participate multiples reactions of intracellular enzymes. Due to its nature its determination and precise quantification has been a roadblock. However, recent progress in the development of intracellular labile iron probes are allowing the reevaluation of our current understanding and unmasking new functions. The role of intracellular labile iron in regulating the epigenome was recently discovered. This chapter examine how intracellular labile iron can modulate histone and DNA demethylation and how its pool can mediate a signaling pathway from cAMP serving as a sensor of the metabolic needs of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tyler C Huff
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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15
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Carraro U, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31:9743. [PMID: 33733717 PMCID: PMC8056169 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On 19-21 November 2020, the meeting of the 30 years of the Padova Muscle Days was virtually held while the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was hitting the world after a seemingly quiet summer. During the 2020-2021 winter, the epidemic is still active, despite the start of vaccinations. The organizers hope to hold the 2021 Padua Days on Myology and Mobility Medicine in a semi-virtual form (2021 S-V PDM3) from May 26 to May 29 at the Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padova, Italy. Here the program and the Collection of Abstracts are presented. Despite numerous world problems, the number of submitted/selected presentations (lectures and oral presentations) has increased, prompting the organizers to extend the program to four dense days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova, Italy; CIR-Myo - Myology Centre, University of Padova, Italy; A-C Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova.
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
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