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Maier C, Egger L, Köck A, Reichmann K. A Review of Gas Sensors for CO 2 Based on Copper Oxides and Their Derivatives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5469. [PMID: 39275379 DOI: 10.3390/s24175469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Buildings worldwide are becoming more thermally insulated, and air circulation is being reduced to a minimum. As a result, measuring indoor air quality is important to prevent harmful concentrations of various gases that can lead to safety risks and health problems. To measure such gases, it is necessary to produce low-cost and low-power-consuming sensors. Researchers have been focusing on semiconducting metal oxide (SMOx) gas sensors that can be combined with intelligent technologies such as smart homes, smart phones or smart watches to enable gas sensing anywhere and at any time. As a type of SMOx, p-type gas sensors are promising candidates and have attracted more interest in recent years due to their excellent electrical properties and stability. This review paper gives a short overview of the main development of sensors based on copper oxides and their composites, highlighting their potential for detecting CO2 and the factors influencing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Maier
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, TU Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Egger
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Anton Köck
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Klaus Reichmann
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, TU Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Tom A, Singh DK, Shaw VK, Abhijith PV, Sajana S, Kirandas PS, Dixit V, Kamble V, Pai SP, Jaiswal-Nagar D. Feedback based gas sensing setup for ppb to ppm level sensing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:085003. [PMID: 39145696 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Sensing and quantification of gas at low concentrations is of paramount importance, especially with highly flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen. Standard gas sensing setups have a limit of measuring ultra-low concentrations of few parts per billion unless the external gas cylinders are changed to ones with low concentrations. In this work, we describe a home-built resistance based gas sensing setup that can sense across a wide concentration range, from parts per billion to parts per million, accurately. This was achieved using two dilution chambers: a process chamber and a feedback assembly where a part of the output gas from the dilution chamber is fed back to the inlet mass flow controller, enabling enhanced dilutions without increasing the number of mass flow controllers. In addition, the gas-sensing setup can measure across a large temperature range of 77-900 K. The developed setup was then calibrated using palladium thin films and ZnO nanoparticle thin films. The setup was tested for reproducibility, concentration response, temperature response, etc. Corresponding sensitivity values were calculated and found to be in good agreement with published values, validating our setup design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Tom
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- Excel Instruments, Dias Industrial Estate, Vasai East, Sativli, Maharashtra 401208, India
| | - Vishal Krishna Shaw
- Excel Instruments, Dias Industrial Estate, Vasai East, Sativli, Maharashtra 401208, India
| | - P V Abhijith
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - S Sajana
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - P S Kirandas
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Viney Dixit
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Vinayak Kamble
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - S P Pai
- Excel Instruments, Dias Industrial Estate, Vasai East, Sativli, Maharashtra 401208, India
| | - D Jaiswal-Nagar
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
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3
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Abideen ZU, Arifeen WU, Bandara YMNDY. Emerging trends in metal oxide-based electronic noses for healthcare applications: a review. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9259-9283. [PMID: 38680123 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) is a technology fundamentally inspired by the human nose, designed to detect, recognize, and differentiate specific odors or volatile components in complex and chaotic environments. Comprising an array of sensors with meticulously designed nanostructured architectures, E-noses translate the chemical information captured by these sensors into useful metrics using complex pattern recognition algorithms. E-noses can significantly enhance the quality of life by offering preventive point-of-care devices for medical diagnostics through breath analysis, and by monitoring and tracking hazardous and toxic gases in the environment. They are increasingly being used in defense and surveillance, medical diagnostics, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and product validation and authentication. The major challenge in developing a reliable E-nose involves miniaturization and low power consumption. Various sensing materials are employed to address these issues. This review presents the key advancements over the last decade in E-nose technology, specifically focusing on chemiresistive metal oxide sensing materials. It discusses their sensing mechanisms, integration into portable E-noses, and various data analysis techniques. Additionally, we review the primary metal oxide-based E-noses for disease detection through breath analysis. Finally, we address the major challenges and issues in developing and implementing a portable metal oxide-based E-nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Abideen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Waqas Ul Arifeen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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İnce S, Yalçın MS, İnce T, Geçgel C, Yılmaz MK. Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Agaricus bisporus Extract as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301411. [PMID: 38015743 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using a rapid, eco-friendly, cost-effective, efficient, and biological method employing aqueous Agaricus bisporus extract as a capping and reducing agent. The formation of CuONPs was checked by UV-vis spectroscopy and was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface area and porosimetry analyzer. The characterization results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had a spherical-like appearance and a crystal structure with 40-100 nm particle size. The green synthesized CuONPs were found to be an excellent and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst (TOF up to 29700 h-1 ) for the Suzuki C-C coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid in a very short reaction time (10 minutes). Moreover, the easily recovered catalyst can be reused five times with just a negligible reduction in catalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simay İnce
- Mersin University, Institute of Science, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - M Serkan Yalçın
- Mersin University, Technical Science Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuncay İnce
- Mersin University, Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cihan Geçgel
- Mersin University, Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Yılmaz
- Mersin University, Institute of Science, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
- Mersin University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
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5
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Kundale SS, Kamble GU, Patil PP, Patil SL, Rokade KA, Khot AC, Nirmal KA, Kamat RK, Kim KH, An HM, Dongale TD, Kim TG. Review of Electrochemically Synthesized Resistive Switching Devices: Memory Storage, Neuromorphic Computing, and Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1879. [PMID: 37368309 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Resistive-switching-based memory devices meet most of the requirements for use in next-generation information and communication technology applications, including standalone memory devices, neuromorphic hardware, and embedded sensing devices with on-chip storage, due to their low cost, excellent memory retention, compatibility with 3D integration, in-memory computing capabilities, and ease of fabrication. Electrochemical synthesis is the most widespread technique for the fabrication of state-of-the-art memory devices. The present review article summarizes the electrochemical approaches that have been proposed for the fabrication of switching, memristor, and memristive devices for memory storage, neuromorphic computing, and sensing applications, highlighting their various advantages and performance metrics. We also present the challenges and future research directions for this field in the concluding section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath S Kundale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Girish U Kamble
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Pradnya P Patil
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Snehal L Patil
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Kasturi A Rokade
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Atul C Khot
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran A Nirmal
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajanish K Kamat
- Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai 400032, India
| | - Kyeong Heon Kim
- Department of Convergence Electronic Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinjudae-ro 501, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Myoung An
- Department of Electronics, Osan University, 45, Cheonghak-ro, Osan-si 18119, Republic of Korea
| | - Tukaram D Dongale
- Computational Electronics and Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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6
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Band-Gap Engineering of Layered Perovskites by Cu Spacer Insertion as Photocatalysts for Depollution Reaction. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-step ion-exchange methodology was developed for the fabrication of Cu(LaTa2O7)2 lamellar architectures capable of wastewater depollution. The (001) diffraction line of RbLaTa2O7 depended on the guest species hosted by the starting material. SEM and TEM images confirmed the well-preserved lamellar structure for all intercalated layered perovskites. The UV–Vis, XPS, and photocurrent spectroscopies proved that Cu intercalation induces a red-shift band gap compared to the perovskite host. Moreover, the UV–Vis spectroscopy elucidated the copper ions environment in the Cu-modified layered perovskites. H2-TPR results confirmed that Cu species located on the surface are reduced at a lower temperature while those from the interlayer occur at higher temperature ranges. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol under simulated solar irradiation was used as a model reaction to assess the performances of the studied catalysts. Increased photocatalytic activity was observed for Cu-modified layered perovskites compared to RbLaTa2O7 pristine. This behavior resulted from the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and light absorption induced by copper spacer insertion.
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7
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Chesler P, Hornoiu C, Anastasescu M, Calderon-Moreno JM, Gheorghe M, Gartner M. Cobalt- and Copper-Based Chemiresistors for Low Concentration Methane Detection, a Comparison Study. Gels 2022; 8:721. [PMID: 36354631 PMCID: PMC9689713 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane is a colorless/odorless major greenhouse effect gas, which can explode when it accumulates at concentrations above 50,000 ppm. Its detection cannot be performed without specialized equipment, namely sensing devices. A series of MOX sensors (chemiresistors type), with CoO and CuO sensitive films were obtained using an eco-friendly and low-cost deposition technique (sol-gel). The sensing films were characterized using AFM and SEM as thin film. The transducers are based on an alumina wafer, with Au or Pt interdigital electrodes (IDE) printed onto the alumina surface. The sensor response was recorded upon sensor exposure to different methane concentrations (target gas) under lab conditions (dried target and carrier gas from gas cylinders), in a constant gas flow, with target gas concentrations in the 5-2000 ppm domain and a direct current (DC) applied to the IDE as sensor operating voltage. Humidity and cross-sensitivity (CO2) measurements were performed, along with sensor stability measurements, to better characterize the obtained sensors. The obtained results emphasize good 3-S sensor parameters (sensitivity, partial selectivity and stability) and also short response time and complete sensor recovery, completed by a low working temperature (220 °C), which are key factors for further development of a new commercial chemiresistor for methane detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chesler
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry—Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Hornoiu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry—Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Anastasescu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry—Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jose Maria Calderon-Moreno
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry—Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marin Gheorghe
- NANOM MEMS SRL, Strada George Cosbuc 9, Rasnov, 505400 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mariuca Gartner
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry—Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Research Report on the Application of MEMS Sensors Based on Copper Oxide Nanofibers in the Braking of Autonomous Vehicles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5852729. [PMID: 36105514 PMCID: PMC9467722 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5852729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel nanofiber as a humidity sensor applied to autonomous vehicles. We prepared copper oxide nanofibers by electrospinning, characterized the obtained materials by XRD, SEM, and TEM, and fabricated MEMS sensors based on copper oxide nanofibers. The humidity sensitivity performance of the sensor was tested in different humidity environments. We found that the MEMS humidity sensor based on copper oxide nanofibers can detect the change of humidity in the environment over a large humidity range. Its fast response/mixing speed (1 s), good stability, and sensitivity make it to fully adapt to the high speed of the car.
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9
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Digvijay B, Amala J, Aravind SP, Bhuvaneshwari S, Mohanraj P. Cu xO/Cu based electrochemical sensor for the detection of CO 2 gas. Chem Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Digvijay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - J. Amala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - S. P. Aravind
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - S. Bhuvaneshwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - P. Mohanraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
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10
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Dadkhah M, Tulliani JM. Green Synthesis of Metal Oxides Semiconductors for Gas Sensing Applications. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134669. [PMID: 35808164 PMCID: PMC9269292 DOI: 10.3390/s22134669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) have sparked more attention in various applications and industries due to their excellent sensing characteristics, thermal stability, abundance, and ease of synthesis. They are reliable and accurate for measuring and monitoring environmentally important toxic gases, such as NO2, NO, N2O, H2S, CO, NH3, CH4, SO2, and CO2. Compared to other sensing technologies, MOS sensors are lightweight, relatively inexpensive, robust, and have high material sensitivity with fast response times. Green nanotechnology is a developing branch of nanotechnology and aims to decrease the negative effects of the production and application of nanomaterials. For this purpose, organic solvents and chemical reagents are not used to prepare metal nanoparticles. On the contrary, the synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles is done by microorganisms, either from plant extracts or fungi, yeast, algae, and bacteria. Thus, this review aims at illustrating the possible green synthesis of different metal oxides such as ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, SnO2, In2O3, CuO, NiO, WO3, and Fe3O4, as well as metallic nanoparticles doping.
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Andra S, Balu SK, Ponnada S, Mohan S, Hossain MS, Sivakumar B, Palanivel B, Alsalme A, Muthalagu M. Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies of
Dodonaea aungustifolia
Extracts‐Mediated Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Particles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Andra
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai 600069 Tamilnadu India
| | - Satheesh kumar Balu
- Department of Oral Pathology Saveetha Dental College Chennai 600077 Tamilnadu India
| | - Srikanth Ponnada
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL) Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Karwad Jodhpur 342037 India
- Department of Engineering Chemistry Andhra University College of Engineering (A) Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 India
| | - Sakar Mohan
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Innovation Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Yoto 7–1-2 Utsunomiya 321–8585 Japan
| | - Bharathkumar Sivakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Madras Chennai 600025 Tamilnadu India
| | - Baskaran Palanivel
- Department of Physics Kings Engineering College Sriperumbudur, Kancheepuram 602117 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 1145 Saudi Arabia
| | - Murugesan Muthalagu
- Department of Textile Technology Anna University Chennai 600025 Tamilnadu India
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12
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Moumen A, Kumarage GCW, Comini E. P-Type Metal Oxide Semiconductor Thin Films: Synthesis and Chemical Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1359. [PMID: 35214257 PMCID: PMC8963036 DOI: 10.3390/s22041359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the synthesis of p-type metal-oxide (p-type MOX) semiconductor thin films, such as CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3, used for chemical-sensing applications. P-type MOX thin films exhibit several advantages over n-type MOX, including a higher catalytic effect, low humidity dependence, and improved recovery speed. However, the sensing performance of CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3 thin films is strongly related to the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the material and the thickness of these MOX thin films. The latter is heavily dependent on synthesis techniques. Many techniques used for growing p-MOX thin films are reviewed herein. Physical vapor-deposition techniques (PVD), such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, thermal oxidation, and molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth were investigated, along with chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Liquid-phase routes, including sol-gel-assisted dip-and-spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and electrodeposition, are also discussed. A review of each technique, as well as factors that affect the physicochemical properties of p-type MOX thin films, such as morphology, crystallinity, defects, and grain size, is presented. The sensing mechanism describing the surface reaction of gases with MOX is also discussed. The sensing characteristics of CuO, NiO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3 thin films, including their response, sensor kinetics, stability, selectivity, and repeatability are reviewed. Different chemical compounds, including reducing gases (such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), H2, and NH3) and oxidizing gases, such as CO2, NO2, and O3, were analyzed. Bulk doping, surface decoration, and heterostructures are some of the strategies for improving the sensing capabilities of the suggested pristine p-type MOX thin films. Future trends to overcome the challenges of p-type MOX thin-film chemical sensors are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Comini
- Sensor Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Valotti 9, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.W.K.)
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13
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Garg N, Deep A, Sharma AL. Metal-organic frameworks based nanostructure platforms for chemo-resistive sensing of gases. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Application of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for Gas Sensing and Effects of Synthesis Strategies on Gas-Sensitive Performance. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensing materials, such as semiconducting metal oxides (SMOx), carbon-based materials, and polymers have been studied in recent years. Among of them, SMOx-based gas sensors have higher operating temperatures; sensors crafted from carbon-based materials have poor selectivity for gases and longer response times; and polymer gas sensors have poor stability and selectivity, so it is necessary to develop high-performance gas sensors. As a porous material constructed from inorganic nodes and multidentate organic bridging linkers, the metal-organic framework (MOF) shows viable applications in gas sensors due to its inherent large specific surface area and high porosity. Thus, compounding sensor materials with MOFs can create a synergistic effect. Many studies have been conducted on composite MOFs with three materials to control the synergistic effects to improve gas sensing performance. Therefore, this review summarizes the application of MOFs in sensor materials and emphasizes the synthesis progress of MOF composites. The challenges and development prospects of MOF-based composites are also discussed.
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15
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Gounder Thangamani J, Khadheer Pasha SK. Hydrothermal synthesis of copper (׀׀) oxide-nanoparticles with highly enhanced BTEX gas sensing performance using chemiresistive sensor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130237. [PMID: 34384171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the cost effective and facile hydrothermal synthesis technique was adopted to synthesize the copper (׀׀) oxide (CuO)-Nanoparticles (NPs). Physico-chemical characterization of the synthesized CuO-NPs was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to study the structural, optical, and surface morphology of nanomaterial. XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized CuO-NPs had monoclinic structure and the average crystallite size is 20 nm. FTIR spectra indicate the vibrational bands of metal oxygen bonds (Cu-O). UV-visible absorption spectra were utilized to determine the energy band gap (Eg) of the CuO-NPs. In addition, we fabricated the chemiresistive sensor using synthesized CuO-NPs for detecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). These results demonstrate that CuO-NPs based chemiresistive sensor is ideal for qualitative detection of BTEX chemicals vapors (i.e. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gounder Thangamani
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S K Khadheer Pasha
- Department of Physics, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Guntur, 522501, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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16
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How Chemoresistive Sensors Can Learn from Heterogeneous Catalysis. Hints, Issues, and Perspectives. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The connection between heterogeneous catalysis and chemoresistive sensors is emerging more and more clearly, as concerns the well-known case of supported noble metals nanoparticles. On the other hand, it appears that a clear connection has not been set up yet for metal oxide catalysts. In particular, the catalytic properties of several different oxides hold the promise for specifically designed gas sensors in terms of selectivity towards given classes of analytes. In this review, several well-known metal oxide catalysts will be considered by first exposing solidly established catalytic properties that emerge from related literature perusal. On this basis, existing gas-sensing applications will be discussed and related, when possible, with the obtained catalysis results. Then, further potential sensing applications will be proposed based on the affinity of the catalytic pathways and possible sensing pathways. It will appear that dialogue with heterogeneous catalysis may help workers in chemoresistive sensors to design new systems and to gain remarkable insight into the existing sensing properties, in particular by applying the approaches and techniques typical of catalysis. However, several divergence points will appear between metal oxide catalysis and gas-sensing. Nevertheless, it will be pointed out how such divergences just push to a closer exchange between the two fields by using the catalysis knowledge as a toolbox for investigating the sensing mechanisms.
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Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Copper Oxide Films Grown by the SILAR Method with Post-Annealing. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxides are widely used in photocatalysts, sensors, batteries, optoelectronic, and electronic devices. In order to obtain different material properties to meet the requirements of different application fields, varied technologies and process conditions are used to prepare copper oxides. In this work, copper oxide films were grown on glass substrates by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method with subsequent annealing under an atmospheric environment. The films were characterized by using an X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope, UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometer, and Hall Effect measurement. The results show that the as-deposited film has a Cu2O crystal structure, which begins to transform into Cu2O-CuO mixed crystal and CuO crystal structure after annealing at 300 °C for a period of time, resulting in the bandgap of being reduced from 1.90 to 1.34 eV. The results show that not only are the crystal structure and bandgap of the films affected by the post-annealing temperature and time, but also the resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility of the films are varied with the annealing conditions. In addition, the film with a Cu2O-CuO mixed crystal shows a high carrier mobility of 93.7 cm2·V−1·s−1 and a low carrier concentration of 1.8 × 1012 cm−3 due to the formation of a Cu2O-CuO heterojuction.
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Mahmood MH, Maleque MA. Effective Parameter of Nano-CuO Coating on CO Gas-Sensing Performance and Heat Transfer Efficiency. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe high gas-sensing performance of semiconductors is mainly due to the high surface-to-volume ratio because it permits a large exposed surface area for gas detection. This paper presents an evaluation study for the effects of nano-CuO coating parameters on the CO gas-sensing performance. The effects on gas-sensing performance and heat transfer efficiency of CuO coating were evaluated by investigating the effects of coating parameters (concentration, temperature, and solution speed) on thickness, grain size, and porosity. The CuO nanoparticle coatings were synthesized using the oxidation method at various operating conditions. Coating characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and electrical resistivity meter. The average coating thickness, grain size, and porosity were around 13 μm, 48 nm, and 30%, respectively. The thermal transfer and gas-sensing properties of CuO coating were evaluated according to the total surface area of the coating formed at various operating conditions. The gas-sensing and thermal transfer performance were obtained from the optimization of coating parameters based on the coating morphology to achieve the highest contact surface area. The coating’s surface area was increased by 350 times, which improved the heat transfer efficiency of 96.5%. The result shows that the coating thickness increased with the increase in solution concentration and decrease the temperature. The results also show that the sensitivity of the coating for CO gas was increased by 50% due to the reduction of coatings grain size.
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Paleczek A, Szafraniak B, Fuśnik Ł, Brudnik A, Grochala D, Kluska S, Jurzecka-Szymacha M, Maciak E, Kałużyński P, Rydosz A. The Heterostructures of CuO and SnO x for NO 2 Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134387. [PMID: 34206823 PMCID: PMC8272026 DOI: 10.3390/s21134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling environmental pollution is a burning problem for all countries more than ever. Currently, due to the increasing industrialization, the number of days when the limits of air pollutants are over the threshold levels exceeds 80-85% of the year. Therefore, cheap and effective sensors are always welcome. One idea is to combine such solutions with cars and provide real-time information about the current pollution level. However, the environmental conditions are demanding, and thus the developed sensors need to be characterized by the high 3S parameters: sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In this paper, we present the results on the heterostructure of CuO/SnOx and SnOx/CuO as a possible approach for selective NO2 detection. The developed gas sensors exhibited lower operating temperature and high response in the wide range of NO2 and in a wide range of relative humidity changes. Material characterizations and impedance spectroscopy measurements were also conducted to analyze the chemical and electrical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paleczek
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szafraniak
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Łukasz Fuśnik
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-172-900
| | - Andrzej Brudnik
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Dominik Grochala
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Stanisława Kluska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (S.K.); (M.J.-S.)
| | - Maria Jurzecka-Szymacha
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (S.K.); (M.J.-S.)
| | - Erwin Maciak
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kałużyński
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Artur Rydosz
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (B.S.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (A.R.)
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Nanda A, Singh V, Jha RK, Sinha J, Avasthi S, Bhat N. Growth-Temperature Dependent Unpassivated Oxygen Bonds Determine the Gas Sensing Abilities of Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown CuO Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21936-21943. [PMID: 33913692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CuO is a multifunctional metal oxide excellent for chemiresistive gas sensors. In this work, we report CuO-based NO2 sensors fabricated via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). CVD allows great control on composition, stoichiometry, impurity, roughness, and grain size of films. This endows sensors with high selectivity, responsivity, sensitivity, and repeatability, low hysteresis, and quick recovery. All these are achieved without the need of expensive and unscalable nanostructures, or heterojunctions, with a technologically mature CVD. Films deposited at very low temperatures (≤350 °C) are sensitive but slow due to traps and small grains. Films deposited at high temperatures (≥550 °C) are not hysteretic but suffer from low sensitivity and slow response due to lack of surface states. Films deposited at optimum temperatures (350-450 °C) combine the best aspects of both regimes to yield NO2 sensors with a response of 300 % at 5 ppm, sensitivity limit of 300 ppb, hysteresis of <20%, repeatable performance, and recovery time of ∼1 min. The work demonstrates that CVD might be a more effective way to deposit oxide films for gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Nanda
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Jha
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Jyoti Sinha
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sushobhan Avasthi
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Navakanta Bhat
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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John AT, Murugappan K, Nisbet DR, Tricoli A. An Outlook of Recent Advances in Chemiresistive Sensor-Based Electronic Nose Systems for Food Quality and Environmental Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2271. [PMID: 33804960 PMCID: PMC8036444 DOI: 10.3390/s21072271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An electronic nose (Enose) relies on the use of an array of partially selective chemical gas sensors for identification of various chemical compounds, including volatile organic compounds in gas mixtures. They have been proposed as a portable low-cost technology to analyse complex odours in the food industry and for environmental monitoring. Recent advances in nanofabrication, sensor and microcircuitry design, neural networks, and system integration have considerably improved the efficacy of Enose devices. Here, we highlight different types of semiconducting metal oxides as well as their sensing mechanism and integration into Enose systems, including different pattern recognition techniques employed for data analysis. We offer a critical perspective of state-of-the-art commercial and custom-made Enoses, identifying current challenges for the broader uptake and use of Enose systems in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alishba T. John
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Chemistry and the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductors have found widespread applications in chemical sensors based on electrical transduction principles, in particular for the detection of a large variety of gaseous analytes, including environmental pollutants and hazardous gases. This review recapitulates the progress in copper oxide nanomaterial-based devices, while discussing decisive factors influencing gas sensing properties and performance. Literature reports on the highly sensitive detection of several target molecules, including volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen oxide from parts-per-million down to parts-per-billion concentrations are compared. Physico-chemical mechanisms for sensing and transduction are summarized and prospects for future developments are outlined.
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Das HT, Vinoth S, Thirumoorthi M, Alshahrani T, Hegazy HH, Somaily HH, Shkir M., AIFaify S. Tuning the Optical, Electrical, and Optoelectronic Properties of CuO Thin Films Fabricated by Facile SILAR Dip‐Coating Technique for Photosensing Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Peng F, Sun Y, Yu W, Lu Y, Hao J, Cong R, Shi J, Ge M, Dai N. Gas Sensing Performance and Mechanism of CuO( p)-WO 3( n) Composites to H 2S Gas. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1162. [PMID: 32545772 PMCID: PMC7353353 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the compositional optimization in copper oxide/tungsten trioxide (CuO/WO3) composites was systematically studied for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sensing. The response of CuO/WO3 composites changes from p-type to n-type as the CuO content decreases. Furthermore, the p-type response weakens while the n-type response strengthens as the Cu/W molar ratio decreases from 1:0 to 1:10. The optimal Cu/W molar ratio is 1:10, at which the sensor presents the ultrahigh n-type response of 1.19 × 105 to 20 ppm H2S gas at 40 °C. Once the temperature rises from 40 °C to 250 °C, the CuO/WO3 (1:1) sensor presents the p-n response transformation, and the CuO/WO3 (1:1.5) sensor changes from no response to n-type response, because the increased temperature facilitates the Cu-S bonds break and weakens the p-type CuO contribution to the total response, such that the CuS bond decomposition by a thermal effect was verified by a Raman analysis. In addition, with a decrease in CuO content, the CuO is transformed from partly to completely converting to CuS, causing the resistance of CuO to decrease from increasing and, hence, a weakening mode of p-CuO and n-WO3 to the total response turns to a synergistic mode to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
- School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
- School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
| | - Jiaming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
| | - Rui Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
| | - Jichao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200235, China;
| | - Meiying Ge
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, No. 28 East Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Ning Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; (F.P.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (R.C.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Dyndal K, Zarzycki A, Andrysiewicz W, Grochala D, Marszalek K, Rydosz A. CuO-Ga 2O 3 Thin Films as a Gas-Sensitive Material for Acetone Detection. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113142. [PMID: 32498287 PMCID: PMC7309060 DOI: 10.3390/s20113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The p-n heterostructures of CuO-Ga2O3 obtained by magnetron sputtering technology in a fully reactive mode (deposition in pure oxygen) were tested under exposure to low acetone concentrations. After deposition, the films were annealed at previously confirmed conditions (400 °C/4 h/synthetic air) and further investigated by utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The gas-sensing behavior was tested in the air/acetone atmosphere in the range of 0.1–1.25 ppm, as well as at various relative humidity (RH) levels (10–85%). The highest responses were obtained for samples based on the CuO-Ga2O3 (4% at. Ga).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dyndal
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-054 Kraków, Poland; (K.D.); (K.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Zarzycki
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland;
| | | | - Dominik Grochala
- Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-054 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Konstanty Marszalek
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-054 Kraków, Poland; (K.D.); (K.M.)
| | - Artur Rydosz
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-054 Kraków, Poland; (K.D.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-172-594
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GLAD Magnetron Sputtered Ultra-Thin Copper Oxide Films for Gas-Sensing Application. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) ultra-thin films were obtained using magnetron sputtering technology with glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD) in a reactive mode by sputtering copper target in pure argon. The substrate tilt angle varied from 45 to 85° and 0°, and the sample rotation at a speed of 20 rpm was stabilized by the GLAD manipulator. After deposition, the films were annealed at 400 °C/4 h in air. The CuO ultra-thin film structure, morphology, and optical properties were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and optical spectroscopy. The thickness of the films was measured post-process using a profilometer. The obtained copper oxide structures were also investigated as gas-sensitive materials after exposure to acetone in the sub-ppm range. After deposition, gas-sensing measurements were performed at 300, 350, and 400 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH) level. We found that the sensitivity of the device is related to the thickness of CuO thin films, whereas the best results are obtained with an 8 nm thick sample.
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Proença M, Rodrigues MS, Borges J, Vaz F. Optimization of Au:CuO Nanocomposite Thin Films for Gas Sensing with High-Resolution Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4349-4356. [PMID: 32068387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensing based on bulk refractive index (RI) changes, has been a challenging task for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy, presenting only a limited number of reports in this field. In this work, it is demonstrated that a plasmonic thin film composed of Au nanoparticles embedded in a CuO matrix can be used to detect small changes (as low as 6 × 10-5 RIU) in bulk RI of gases at room temperature, using a high-resolution LSPR spectroscopy system. To optimize the film's surface, a simple Ar plasma treatment revealed to be enough to remove the top layers of the film and to partially expose the embedded nanoparticles, and thus enhance the film's gas sensing capabilities. The treated sample exhibits high sensitivity to inert gases (Ar, N2), presenting a refractive index sensitivity (RIS) to bulk RI changes of 425 nm/RIU. Furthermore, a 2-fold signal increase is observed for O2, showing that the film is clearly more sensitive to this gas due to its oxidizing nature. The results showed that the Au:CuO thin film system is a RI sensitive platform able to detect inert gases, which can be more sensitive to detect noninert gases as O2 or even other reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Proença
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Joel Borges
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Ali FIM, Mahmoud ST, Awwad F, Greish YE, Abu-Hani AFS. Low power consumption and fast response H 2S gas sensor based on a chitosan-CuO hybrid nanocomposite thin film. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116064. [PMID: 32172879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel selective and low temperature H2S gas sensor was fabricated based on copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in different concentrations, embedded in a conductivity-engineered organic (glycerol ionic liquid-doped chitosan) membrane/film. The sensing membranes of organic-inorganic nanocomposites (CS-IL-CuO) were prepared by casting method and were tested against H2S gas with reference to time at different temperatures and H2S gas concentrations. The fabricated sensor showed a fast response (14 s) and good sensitivity (15 ppm) towards H2S gas at a low temperature of 40 °C. Moreover, the sensor showed a high reversibility and less humidity dependence at 40 °C. Moreover, this type of hybrid nanocomposites sensor is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and is energy efficient. Thus, it has potential to be used for industrial applications in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajr I M Ali
- Department of Physics, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh T Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falah Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaser E Greish
- Department of Chemistry, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Ceramics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayah F S Abu-Hani
- Department of Computer Engineering, German Jordanian University, Jordan
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29
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Singh S, Singh A, Singh A, Tandon P. An efficient room-temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensor based on trirutile copper antimonate nano-polygons. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new direction to copper antimonate nano-polygons as an efficient LPG sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Singh
- Department of Physics
- M.P. Govt. P.G. College
- Hardoi-241001
- India
| | - Archana Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - Ajendra Singh
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
| | - Poonam Tandon
- Macromolecular Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow-226007
- India
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30
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Fabrication of Gas-Sensor Chips Based on Silicon–Carbon Films Obtained by Electrochemical Deposition. CHEMOSENSORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed two types of gas-sensor chips with silicon–carbon film, doped with CuO, as the sensitive layer. The first type of gas-sensor chip consists of an Al2O3 substrate with a conductive chromium sublayer of ~10 nm thickness and 200 Ω/□ surface resistance, deposited by magnetron sputtering. The second type was fabricated via the electrochemical deposition of a silicon–carbon film onto a dielectric substrate with copper electrodes formed by photoelectrochemical etching. The gas sensors are sensitive to the presence of CO and CH4 impurities in the air at operating temperatures above 150 °C, and demonstrated p- (type-1) and n-type (type-2) conductivity. The type-1 gas sensor showed fast response and recovery time but low sensitivity, while the type-2 sensor was characterized by high sensitivity but longer response and recovery time. The silicon–carbon films were characterized by the presence of the hexagonal 6H SiC polytype with the impurities of the rhombohedral 15 R SiC phase. XRD analysis revealed the presence of a CuO phase.
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31
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Rydosz A, Staszek K, Brudnik A, Gruszczynski S. Tin Dioxide Thin Film with UV-enhanced Acetone Detection in Microwave Frequency Range. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090574. [PMID: 31480230 PMCID: PMC6780249 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the UV illumination effect for microwave gas sensors based on the tin dioxide was verified. A UV LED with emission wavelength close to the absorption edge of the SnO2 gas-sensing layer was selected as the UV source. The developed gas sensors were tested under exposure to acetone in the 0-200 ppm range at room temperature. The sensor's complex reflection coefficient corresponding to target gas concentration was measured with the use of a five-port reflectometer system exhibiting enhanced uncertainty distribution, which allows for the detection of low gas concentration. The UV illumination significantly emphasizes the sensors' response in terms of both magnitude and phase for low gas concentrations, in contrast to previously reported results, in which only the reflection coefficient's phase was affected. The highest responses were obtained for modulated UV illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Rydosz
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kamil Staszek
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brudnik
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Gruszczynski
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
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Synthesis of Cu₂O/CuO Nanocrystals and Their Application to H₂S Sensing. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19010211. [PMID: 30626139 PMCID: PMC6339020 DOI: 10.3390/s19010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting metal oxide nanocrystals are an important class of materials that have versatile applications because of their useful properties and high stability. Here, we developed a simple route to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) of copper oxides such as Cu2O and CuO using a hot-soap method, and applied them to H2S sensing. Cu2O NCs were synthesized by simply heating a copper precursor in oleylamine in the presence of diol at 160 °C under an Ar flow. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated the formation of monodispersed Cu2O NCs having approximately 5 nm in crystallite size and 12 nm in colloidal size. The conversion of the Cu2O NCs to CuO NCs was undertaken by straightforward air oxidation at room temperature, as confirmed by XRD and UV-vis analyses. A thin film Cu2O NC sensor fabricated by spin coating showed responses to H2S in dilute concentrations (1–8 ppm) at 50–150 °C, but the stability was poor because of the formation of metallic Cu2S in a H2S atmosphere. We found that Pd loading improved the stability of the sensor response. The Pd-loaded Cu2O NC sensor exhibited reproducible responses to H2S at 200 °C. Based on the gas sensing mechanism, it is suggested that Pd loading facilitates the reaction of adsorbed oxygen with H2S and suppresses the irreversible formation of Cu2S.
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