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Soupir AC, Townsend MK, Hathaway CA, Nguyen J, Moran Segura C, Saeed-Vafa D, Ospina OE, Peres LC, Conejo-Garcia JR, Terry KL, Tworoger SS, Fridley BL. WITHDRAWN: Impact of spatial clustering of cytotoxic and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes on overall survival in women with high grade serous ovarian cancer. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.16.24301371. [PMID: 38293174 PMCID: PMC10827255 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.24301371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to incorrect handling of multiple measures in the survival analyses. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
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Deng M, Tang F, Chang X, Liu P, Ji X, Hao M, Wang Y, Yang R, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Miao J. Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: Disappointing or Promising? Mol Pharm 2024; 21:454-466. [PMID: 38232985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest malignancies, lacks effective treatment, despite advancements in surgical techniques and chemotherapy. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are imperative to improving treatment outcomes. Immunotherapy, which has demonstrated considerable success in managing various cancers, has already found its place in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of ovarian tumor immunotherapy, including its basics, key strategies, and clinical research data supporting its potential. In particular, this discussion highlights promising strategies such as checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and pericyte transfer, both individually and in combination. However, the advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates large controlled randomized trials, which will undoubtedly shape the future of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Deng
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xiangyu Chang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Penglin Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xuechao Ji
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Menglin Hao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Ruiye Yang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Nanyuan Hospital of Fengtai District, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shandong 266011, China
| | - Jinwei Miao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
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Bapat J, Yamamoto TM, Woodruff ER, Qamar L, Mikeska RG, Aird KM, Watson ZL, Brubaker LW, Bitler BG. CASC4/GOLM2 drives high grade serous carcinoma anoikis resistance through the recycling of EGFR. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:300-310. [PMID: 38030811 PMCID: PMC10874890 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy, and accounts for over 150,000 deaths per year worldwide. The high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) subtype accounts for almost 70% of ovarian cancers and is the deadliest. HGSC originates in the fimbria of the fallopian tube and disseminates through the peritoneal cavity. HGSC survival in peritoneal fluid requires cells to resist anoikis (anchorage-independent apoptosis). Most anoikis resistant mechanisms are dependent on microenvironment interactions with cell surface-associated proteins, such as integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We previously identified the gene CASC4 as a driver of anoikis resistance. CASC4 is predicted to be a Golgi-associated protein that may regulate protein trafficking to the plasma membrane, but CASC4 is largely uncharacterized in literature; thus, we sought to determine how CASC4 confers anoikis resistance to HGSC cells. Mining of publicly available ovarian cancer datasets (TCGA) showed that CASC4 is associated with worse overall survival and increased resistance to platinum-based chemotherapies. For experiments, we cultured three human HGSC cell lines (PEO1, CaOV3, OVCAR3), and a murine HGSC cell line, (ID8) with shRNA-mediated CASC4 knockdowns (CASC4 KD) in suspension, to recapitulate the peritoneal fluid environment in vitro. CASC4 KD significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability, and increased apoptosis. A Reverse Phase Protein Assay (RPPA) showed that CASC4 KD resulted in a broad re-programming of membrane-associated proteins. Specifically, CASC4 KD led to decreased protein levels of the RTK Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), an initiator of several oncogenic signaling pathways, leading us to hypothesize that CASC4 drives HGSC survival through mediating recycling and trafficking of EGFR. Indeed, loss of CASC4 led to a decrease in both EGFR membrane localization, reduced turnover of EGFR, and increased EGFR ubiquitination. Moreover, a syngeneic ID8 murine model of ovarian cancer showed that knocking down CASC4 leads to decreased tumor burden and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaidev Bapat
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lubna Qamar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Railey G Mikeska
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary L Watson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lindsay W Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Chen R, Coleborn E, Bhavsar C, Wang Y, Alim L, Wilkinson AN, Tran MA, Irgam G, Atluri S, Wong K, Shim JJ, Adityan S, Lee JS, Overwijk WW, Steptoe R, Yang D, Wu SY. miR-146a inhibits ovarian tumor growth in vivo via targeting immunosuppressive neutrophils and enhancing CD8 + T cell infiltration. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100725. [PMID: 37781339 PMCID: PMC10539880 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have emerged as promising strategies for cancer treatment. However, existing immunotherapies have poor activity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the associated low tumoral CD8+ T cell (CTL) infiltration. Through multiple lines of evidence, including integrative analyses of human HGSC tumors, we have identified miR-146a as a master regulator of CTL infiltration in HGSC. Tumoral miR-146a expression is positively correlated with anti-cancer immune signatures in human HGSC tumors, and delivery of miR-146a to tumors resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth in both ID8-p53-/- and IG10 murine HGSC models. Increasing miR-146a expression in tumors improved anti-tumor immune responses by decreasing immune suppressive neutrophils and increasing CTL infiltration. Mechanistically, miR-146a targets IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 adaptor molecules of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB signaling pathway in ID8-p53-/- cells and decreases production of the downstream neutrophil chemoattractant, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1. In addition to HGSC, tumoral miR-146a expression also correlates strongly with CTL infiltration in other cancer types including thyroid, prostate, breast, and adrenocortical cancers. Altogether, our findings highlight the ability of miR-146a to overcome immune suppression and improve CTL infiltration in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elaina Coleborn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chintan Bhavsar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Louisa Alim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew N. Wilkinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Gowri Irgam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sharat Atluri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kiefer Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siddharth Adityan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Willem W. Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raymond Steptoe
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sherry Y. Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Ismail A, Choi S, Boussios S. Frontiers of Ovarian Carcinosarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1667-1682. [PMID: 37938504 PMCID: PMC10781844 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS), also known as a malignant mixed Müllerian tumour (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that accounts for less than 5% of ovarian cancers. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than 2 years. Several factors, including advancing age, nulliparity, reduced lactation rates, decreased use of oral contraceptive pills, genetic mutations in BRCA (breast cancer) genes, and the use of assisted reproductive technology, may increase the risk of OCS. Poor prognostic factors include an advanced stage at diagnosis, older age, lymph node metastasis, suboptimal surgical cytoreduction, the presence of heterologous features on histopathology, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumour protein p53, and p53 alongside Wilms tumour 1 (WT1). The main treatment approach for OCS is cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, although immunotherapy is showing promise. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing may enhance outcomes by enabling personalized immunotherapy and targeted therapies for specific patient groups, thereby reducing unnecessary side effects and healthcare costs. However, there is currently a lack of standardised treatment regimens for OCS patients, with most studies consisting of case reports and a shortage of suitable comparator groups. This article aims to provide clinicians with information on the epidemiology, risk factors, prognostic factors, and latest therapeutic advancements in OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayden Ismail
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Kent, Gillingham, ME7 5NY, UK.
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7LX, UK.
- AELIA Organization, 9Th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bachmann C. New Achievements from Molecular Biology and Treatment Options for Refractory/Relapsed Ovarian Cancer-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5356. [PMID: 38001616 PMCID: PMC10669965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high rate of mortality and is the fifth most common cause of death in females all over the world. The etiology is still unclear. Numerous factors such as smoking, obesity, and unhealthy diet may affect the risk of OC. Having a family history of breast and OC is one of the main risks for developing OC. Mutations of BRCA1/2 are associated with OC risk as well. The histopathological classification of OC reveals the four most common types: serous, clear cell, endometrioid, and mucinous; these are epithelial OC types, and other types are rare. Furthermore, OC can be subdivided into types I and II. Type I tumors are most probably caused by atypical proliferative tumors. Type II tumors include high-grade carcinoma of the serous type, carcinosarcoma, and carcinoma, which are not differentiated and generally originate from tubal intraepithelial carcinoma of the serous type. Typically, type I tumors are present in early stages, usually with good prognosis. Type II tumors are classified as high-grade tumors and are most often diagnosed at advanced FIGO stages with poor prognosis. High-grade serous OC accounts for 90% of serous OC. Tumor heterogeneity aggravates OC treatment. The standard care for primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used in certain cases followed by cytoreductive surgery. The main prognostic factor is complete tumor resection. However, about 70% of patients relapse. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains a major challenge in EOC treatment, in which many different factors are involved. In recent years, the examination of molecular parameters and their prognostic impact has become increasingly relevant in EOC, and furthermore, the use of immunotherapy has expanded the therapeutic range. As the clinical need is greatest for relapsed patients, this systematic review will focus on recent advances in molecular biology with prognostic and predictive markers and treatment options for recurrent/refractory OC. Inclusion criteria for the review: potential prospective or predictive biomarkers in preclinical or clinical use in relapsed and refractory OC, prognostic impact, clinical and preclinical trials, and immunotherapy. Exclusion criteria for the review: primary OC, no full text or abstract available, not the topic mentioned above, and text not available in English. Risk of bias: the included studies were evaluated descriptively for the topics mentioned above, and data were not compared with each other. The objective is to highlight the molecular mechanisms of the most promising targeted agents under clinical investigation to demonstrate their potential relevance in recurrent/refractory OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bachmann
- Department of Womens' Health, University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
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Borella F, Fucina S, Mangherini L, Cosma S, Carosso AR, Cusato J, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Katsaros D, Benedetto C. Hormone Receptors and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Recent Advances in Biology and Treatment Options. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2157. [PMID: 37626654 PMCID: PMC10452581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, EOC remains a challenging disease to manage, and the 5-year survival rate is still poor. The role of hormone receptors (HRs) in EOC carcinogenesis and prognosis has been actively explored; however, the role of hormone therapy (HT) in the treatment of these tumors is not well established. Most available data on HT mainly come from retrospective series and small early clinical trials. Several of these studies suggest that HT may have a role in adjuvant, maintenance therapy, or in the case of recurrent disease, especially for some subtypes of EOC (e.g., low-grade serous EOC). Furthermore, HT has recently been combined with targeted therapies, but most studies evaluating these combinations are still ongoing. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the progress made in the last decade to characterize the biological and prognostic role of HRs for EOC and the developments in their therapeutic targeting through HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefano Fucina
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1U, Departments of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (D.K.); (C.B.)
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Wang C, Yu C, Chang H, Song J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang T, Qi Q, Shan C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:733-743. [PMID: 37571851 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2247558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological tumor disease, which is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. It has been established that the glucose metabolism rate of cancer cells is significantly higher than that of normal cells, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an important branch pathway for glucose metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the PPP, which plays an important role in the initiation and development of cancer (such as OC), and has been considered as a promisinganti-cancer target. AREAS COVERED In this review, based on the structure and biological function of G6PD, recent research on the roles of G6PD in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of OC are summarized and accompanied by proposed molecular mechanisms, which may provide a systematic understanding of targeting G6PD for the treatment of patients with OC. EXPERT OPINION Accumulating evidence demonstrates that G6PD is a promising target of cancer. The development of G6PD inhibitors for cancer treatment merits broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zorea J, Motro Y, Mazor RD, Carmi YK, Shulman Z, Mahajna J, Moran-Gilad J, Elkabets M. TRAF3 suppression encourages B cell recruitment and prolongs survival of microbiome-intact mice with ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:107. [PMID: 37121997 PMCID: PMC10150478 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is known for exhibiting low response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors that activate T cells. However, immunotherapies that activate B cells have not yet been extensively explored and may be a potential target, as B cells that secrete immunoglobulins have been associated with better outcomes in OC. Although the secretion of immunoglobulins is often mediated by the microbiome, it is still unclear what role they play in limiting the progression of OC. METHODS We conducted an in-vivo CRISPR screen of immunodeficient (NSG) and immune-intact wild type (WT) C57/BL6 mice to identify tumor-derived immune-escape mechanisms in a BRAC1- and TP53-deficient murine ID8 OC cell line (designated ITB1). To confirm gene expression and signaling pathway activation in ITB1 cells, we employed western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also used to identify immune cell populations in the peritoneum of ITB1-bearing mice. To determine the presence of IgA-coated bacteria in the peritoneum of ITB1-bearing mice and the ascites of OC patients, we employed 16S sequencing. Testing for differences was done by using Deseq2 test and two-way ANOVA test. Sequence variants (ASVs) were produced in Qiime2 and analyzed by microeco and phyloseq R packages. RESULTS We identified tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) as a tumor-derived immune suppressive mediator in ITB1 cells. Knockout of TRAF3 (TRAF3KO) activated the type-I interferon pathway and increased MHC-I expression. TRAF3KO tumors exhibited a growth delay in WT mice vs. NSG mice, which was correlated with increased B cell infiltration and activation compared to ITB1 tumors. B cells were found to be involved in the progression of TRAF3KO tumors, and B-cell surface-bound and secreted IgA levels were significantly higher in the ascites of TRAF3KO tumors compared to ITB1. The presence of commensal microbiota was necessary for B-cell activation and for delaying the progression of TRAF3KO tumors in WT mice. Lastly, we observed unique profiles of IgA-coated bacteria in the ascites of OC-bearing mice or the ascites of OC patients. CONCLUSIONS TRAF3 is a tumor-derived immune-suppressive modulator that influences B-cell infiltration and activation, making it a potential target for enhancing anti-tumor B-cell responses in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zorea
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yair Motro
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Roei D Mazor
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yifat Koren Carmi
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, 11016, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, 11016, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Update on Prognostic and Predictive Markers in Mucinous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041172. [PMID: 36831515 PMCID: PMC9954175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review includes state-of-the-art prognostic and predictive factors of mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC), a rare tumor. Clinical, pathological, and molecular features and treatment options according to prognosis are comprehensively discussed. Different clinical implications of MOC are described according to the The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage: early MOC (stage I-II) and advanced MOC (stage III-IV). Early MOC is characterized by a good prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Fertility-sparing surgery could be performed in patients who wish to become pregnant and that present low recurrence risk of disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended, except in patients with high-risk clinical and pathological features. Regarding the histological features, an infiltrative growth pattern is the major prognostic factor of MOC. Furthermore, novel molecular biomarkers are emerging for tailored management of early-stage MOC. In contrast, advanced MOC is characterized by poor survival. Radical surgery is the cornerstone of treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended, although the efficacy is limited by the intrinsic chemoresistance of these tumors. Several molecular hallmarks of advanced MOC have been described in recent years (e.g., HER2 amplification, distinct methylation profiles, peculiar immunological microenvironment), but target therapy for these rare tumors is not available yet.
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11
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Rajtak A, Ostrowska-Leśko M, Żak K, Tarkowski R, Kotarski J, Okła K. Integration of local and systemic immunity in ovarian cancer: Implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018256. [PMID: 36439144 PMCID: PMC9684707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that induces many local and systemic changes in immunity. The difficult nature of ovarian cancer stems from the lack of characteristic symptoms that contributes to a delayed diagnosis and treatment. Despite the enormous progress in immunotherapy, its efficacy remains limited. The heterogeneity of tumors, lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and complex immune landscape are the main challenges in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Integrative approaches that combine the tumor microenvironment - local immunity - together with periphery - systemic immunity - are urgently needed to improve the understanding of the disease and the efficacy of treatment. In fact, multiparametric analyses are poised to improve our understanding of ovarian tumor immunology. We outline an integrative approach including local and systemic immunity in ovarian cancer. Understanding the nature of both localized and systemic immune responses will be crucial to boosting the efficacy of immunotherapies in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rajtak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Żak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Okła
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ding J, Zhang Y, Che Y. Ovarian cancer stem cells: Critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. Front Genet 2022; 13:998220. [PMID: 36437919 PMCID: PMC9685611 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.998220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Over the past 3 decades, there has been a high incidence of recurrent chemoresistant disease, despite the relative effectiveness of current treatment strategies. This is partly attributed to cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation that has acquired stem cell properties that allow these cells to evade standard chemotherapy and cause disease recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic knowledge about CSC to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer. These CSC subpopulations have been identified in ovarian cancer cell lines, tumors or ascites, and findings suggest that ovarian CSCs may be as heterogeneous as the disease itself. CSCs regulate the phenotype and function of immune cells involved in antitumor immunity, so a better understanding of the signaling pathways that interact between CSCs, immune cells and tumor cells will pave the way for the clinical application of CS in cancer immunotherapy. This review will focus on the markers currently used to identify and isolate these cells summarize current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for CSC-dependent regulation of antitumor immune responses. We will discuss the signaling pathways involved in CSC survival, replication, and differentiation as well as potential therapeutic targeting strategies.
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Kozłowski M, Borzyszkowska D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Role of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2826. [PMID: 36359346 PMCID: PMC9687228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. The main treatment options are surgical removal of the tumor and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment has been revolutionized by immunotherapy, which has developed explosively over the past two decades. Clinical anticancer strategies used in immunotherapy include therapies based on the inhibition of PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4. Despite encouraging results, a large proportion of cancer patients are resistant to these therapies or eventually develop resistance. It is important to perform research that will focus on immunotherapy based on other immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of the review was to analyze studies considering the expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the ovarian cancer microenvironment and considering immunotherapy for ovarian cancer that includes antibodies directed against TIM-3 and LAG-3. As the data showed, the expression of the described immune checkpoints was shown in different ways. Higher TIM-3 expression was associated with a more advanced tumor stage. Both TIM-3 and LAG-3 were co-expressed with PD-1 in a large proportion of studies. The effect of LAG-3 expression on progression-free survival and/or overall survival is inconclusive and certainly requires further study. Co-expression of immune checkpoints prompts combination therapies using anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIM-3. Research on immune checkpoints, especially TIM-3 and LAG-3, should be further developed.
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Kazemi MH, Sadri M, Najafi A, Rahimi A, Baghernejadan Z, Khorramdelazad H, Falak R. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for treatment of solid tumors: It takes two to tango? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018962. [PMID: 36389779 PMCID: PMC9651159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and reduced activity limit their ability to overcome the tumor. Enhancement of TILs number and activity against tumors has been of interest for a long time. A lack of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME) has limited success in primary TIL therapies. Although the advent of engineered T cells has revolutionized the immunotherapy methods of hematologic cancers, the heterogeneity of solid tumors warrants the application of TILs with a wide range of specificity. Recent advances in understanding TME, immune exhaustion, and immune checkpoints have paved the way for TIL therapy regimens. Nowadays, TIL therapy has regained attention as a safe personalized immunotherapy, and currently, several clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of TIL therapy in patients who have failed conventional immunotherapies. Gaining favorable outcomes following TIL therapy of patients with metastatic melanoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer has raised hope in patients with refractory solid tumors, too. Nevertheless, TIL therapy procedures face several challenges, such as high cost, timely expansion, and technical challenges in selecting and activating the cells. Herein, we reviewed the recent advances in the TIL therapy of solid tumors and discussed the challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Baghernejadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Barpujari A, Klaas E, Roberts J, Vo KA, Azizi E, Martinez M, Sung E, Lucke-Wold B. Ovarian Cancer Metastasis to the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY, CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2022; 1:10.37191/Mapsci-JGCORM-1(1)-004. [PMID: 36326265 PMCID: PMC9625854 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-jgcorm-1(1)-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Metastasis to the central nervous system has become more frequent in the previous decades, however, treatment options remain limited. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and how metastasis to the central nervous system typically occurs. We then discuss cases of metastasis presented in the literature to evaluate current treatment regimens and protocols. Finally, we highlight emerging treatment options that are being utilized in clinics to provide personalized treatment therapy for a patient's unique diagnosis. This review aims to further the understanding of pathophysiology, stimulate further innovative treatments, and present accessible resources through tables and figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Barpujari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Elizabeth Klaas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Jeffery Roberts
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Vo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Esaan Azizi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Melanie Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Eric Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Dumitru A, Dobrica EC, Croitoru A, Cretoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Focus on PD-1/PD-L1 as a Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012067. [PMID: 36292922 PMCID: PMC9603705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered one of the most aggressive and deadliest gynecological malignancies worldwide. Unfortunately, the therapeutic methods that are considered the gold standard at this moment are associated with frequent recurrences. Survival in ovarian cancer is associated with the presence of a high number of intra tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Therefore, immunomodulation is considered to have an important role in cancer treatment, and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be useful for restoring T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. However, the data presented in the literature until now are not sufficient to allow for the identification and selection of patients who really respond to immunotherapy among those with ovarian cancer. Although there are some studies with favorable results, more prospective trials are needed in this sense. This review focuses on the current and future perspectives of PD-1/L1 blockade in ovarian cancer and analyzes the most important immune checkpoint inhibitors used, with the aim of achieving optimal clinical outcomes. Future studies and trials are needed to maximize the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in ovarian cancer, as well as in all cancers, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena-Codruta Dobrica
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Elias University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Croitoru
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Surgery Clinic, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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Kherallah B, Samaha E, Bach SE, Guede C, Kattah JC. Case report: Acute vestibular syndrome and cerebellitis in anti-Yo paraneoplastic syndrome. Front Neurol 2022; 13:960584. [PMID: 36090885 PMCID: PMC9462393 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.960584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We define acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) as a sudden onset vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and head motion intolerance, more frequently associated with an acute peripheral and unilateral vestibulopathy. About 10–20% of all cases with central vestibulopathy are secondary to stroke. We report three patients evaluated over the past decade with an acute AVS along with subtle downbeat nystagmus (DBN), followed by dysarthria and progressive truncal and limb ataxia, as well as increasing DBN intensity. Methods All patients underwent neurologic examination, video-oculography, MRI, serum cancer markers, spinal fluid examination, paraneoplastic panel testing, and oncologic workup. With a consolidated diagnosis of cancer/paraneoplastic syndrome, we treated with plasma exchange (PLEX), high-dose steroids, surgery, and oncologic investigation. We additionally provided oncotherapy in one out of three patients. Results All three patients had an acute AVS, downbeat nystagmus DBN, and inability to perform tandem gait. Two of three patients had a normal head impulse test (HIT). As acute vertigo, nausea, and vomiting subsided, a progressive cerebellar syndrome ensued characterized by persistent DBN, impaired horizontal and vertical pursuit, impaired VOR suppression, truncal and limb ataxia, and dysarthria. All patients had normal MRI brain studies excluding stroke. CSF studies demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein. One patient had confirmed ovarian cancer with high CA-125 serum levels; another had undifferentiated cancer of unknown primary with high CA-125 and one patient with esophageal cancer. All had a positive PCA-1 antibody titer, also known as anti-Yo antibody. In one patient with expeditious immunosuppression, the ataxia progression slowed for 18 months, whereas the other two patients with delayed initiation of treatment had more rapidly progressive ataxia. Discussion Paraneoplastic encephalitis related to PCA-1 antibody (Anti-Yo) targets Purkinje cells and cells in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Clinically, our patients had a central AVS characterized by DBN and followed with progressive ataxia and unremarkable neuroimaging studies. Rapid initiation of treatment may offer a greater chance to prevent further neurologic decline. Any patient with an AVS as well as DBN and normal MRI should have an expeditious workup to rule out metabolic, toxic, and infectious causes just prior to considering prompt treatment with high-dose steroids and plasma exchange (PLEX) to mitigate the risk of rapidly progressive and irreversible neurologic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassil Kherallah
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Elias Samaha
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bach
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Cindy Guede
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Jorge C. Kattah
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jorge C. Kattah
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Caro AA, Deschoemaeker S, Allonsius L, Coosemans A, Laoui D. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Promising Approach in the Fight against Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164037. [PMID: 36011029 PMCID: PMC9406463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With an overall 5-year survival of only 20% for advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients, enduring and effective therapies are a highly unmet clinical need. Current standard-of-care therapies are able to improve progression-free survival; however, patients still relapse. Moreover, immunotherapy has not resulted in clear patient benefits so far. In this situation, dendritic cell vaccines can serve as a potential therapeutic addition against ovarian cancer. In the current review, we provide an overview of the different dendritic cell subsets and the roles they play in ovarian cancer. We focus on the advancements in dendritic cell vaccination against ovarian cancer and highlight the key outcomes and pitfalls associated with currently used strategies. Finally, we address future directions that could be taken to improve the dendritic cell vaccination outcomes in ovarian cancer. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in developed countries and is the seventh-highest cause of death in women diagnosed with cancer worldwide. Currently, several therapies are in use against OC, including debulking surgery, chemotherapy, as well as targeted therapies. Even though the current standard-of-care therapies improve survival, a vast majority of OC patients relapse. Additionally, immunotherapies have only resulted in meager patient outcomes, potentially owing to the intricate immunosuppressive nexus within the tumor microenvironment. In this scenario, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination could serve as a potential addition to the therapeutic options available against OC. In this review, we provide an overview of current therapies in OC, focusing on immunotherapies. Next, we highlight the potential of using DC vaccines in OC by underscoring the different DC subsets and their functions in OC. Finally, we provide an overview of the advances and pitfalls of current DC vaccine strategies in OC while providing future perspectives that could improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Audhut Caro
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deschoemaeker
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lize Allonsius
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-6291969
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An Immune-Related lncRNA Pairing Model for Predicting the Prognosis and Immune-Infiltrating Cell Condition in Human Ovarian Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3168408. [PMID: 36033566 PMCID: PMC9400430 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3168408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second common cancer among the gynecological tumors. It is difficult to be found and diagnosed in the early stage and easy to relapse due to chemoresistance and deficiency in choices of treatment. Therefore, future exploring the biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of ovarian cancer is significant to women in the world. We downloaded data from TCGA and GTEx and used R “limma” package for analyzing the differentially expressed immune-related lncRNA in ovarian cancer and finally got 7 downregulated and 171 upregulated lncRNA. Then, we paired the differentially expressed immune-related lncRNA and constructed a novel lncRNA pairing model containing 7 lncRNA pairs. Based on the cut-off point with the highest AUC value, 102 patients were selected in high-risk group and 272 in low-risk group. The KM analysis suggested that the patients in the low-risk group had a longer overall survival. Future analysis showed the correlations between risk scores and clinicopathological parameters and infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, we identified an immune-related lncRNA pairing model for predicting the prognosis and immune-infiltrating cell condition in human ovarian cancer, which thus further can instruct immunotherapy.
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20
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New Insights into Immunotherapy for Gynecological Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144198. [PMID: 35887962 PMCID: PMC9318465 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Maroto P, Porta C, Capdevila J, Apolo AB, Viteri S, Rodriguez-Antona C, Martin L, Castellano D. Cabozantinib for the treatment of solid tumors: a systematic review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221107112. [PMID: 35847482 PMCID: PMC9284205 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cabozantinib is approved, in various settings, for the treatment of renal
cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and
it has been investigated for the treatment of other cancers. With the
available evidence and the real-world performance of cabozantinib compared
with clinical trial data, we performed a systematic review of cabozantinib
monotherapy as treatment for solid tumors in adults. Methods: This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and registered with PROSPERO
(CRD42020144680). We searched for clinical and observational studies of
cabozantinib monotherapy for solid tumors using Embase, MEDLINE, and
Cochrane databases (October 2020), and screened relevant congress abstracts.
Eligible studies reported clinical or safety outcomes, or biomarker data.
Small studies (n < 25) and studies of cabozantinib
combination therapies were excluded. Quality was assessed using National
Institute for Health and Care Excellence methodology, and study
characteristics were described qualitatively. Results: Of 2888 citations, 114 were included (52 randomized studies, 29 observational
studies, 32 nonrandomized phase I or II studies or pilot trials, and 1
analysis of data from a randomized study and a nonrandomized study). Beyond
approved indications, other tumors studied were castration-resistant
prostate cancer, urothelial carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, uveal
melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, glioblastoma,
pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, cholangiocarcinoma, gastrointestinal
stromal tumor, colorectal cancer, salivary gland cancer, carcinoid and
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and breast, endometrial and ovarian
cancers. The most common adverse events were hypertension, diarrhea, and
fatigue. Conclusion: The identified evidence demonstrates the positive efficacy/effectiveness of
cabozantinib monotherapy in various solid tumor types, with safety findings
being consistent with those observed with other VEGFR-targeting tyrosine
kinase inhibitors. When available, real-world findings were consistent with
the data reported from clinical trials. A limitation of this review is the
high proportion of abstracts; however, this allowed us to capture the most
up-to-date findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maroto
- Medical Oncology Services, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Mas Casanovas, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Camillo Porta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jaume Capdevila
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Santiago Viteri
- UOMI Cancer Center, Clínica Mi Tres Torres, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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González-Martín A, Matulonis UA, Korach J, Mirza MR, Moore KN, Wu X, York W, Gupta D, Lechpammer S, Monk BJ. Niraparib treatment for patients with BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer: review of clinical data and therapeutic context. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2505-2536. [PMID: 35791804 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed clinical data for niraparib monotherapy in BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) epithelial ovarian cancer (OC), contextualizing results with data from other poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). Niraparib reduced the likelihood of progression or death by 60% as first-line maintenance therapy and by 73-78% in recurrent disease. In heavily pretreated OC, efficacy was greater in the BRCAm versus non-BRCAm cohort. Quality-of-life (QoL) was maintained throughout treatment. Adverse events were consistent with the known niraparib safety profile. Cumulative efficacy, safety and QoL evidence demonstrate niraparib maintenance monotherapy has a positive benefit:risk ratio in BRCAm OC. Niraparib significantly improved progression-free survival as first-line maintenance therapy in all patients with OC (i.e., of any biomarker status).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Martín
- Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO) and Medical Oncology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain & Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Madrid, 31008, Spain
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacob Korach
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel
| | - Mansoor R Mirza
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kathleen N Moore
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 & Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Whitney York
- GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Bradley J Monk
- HonorHealth Research Institute & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ 85258, USA
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23
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Macrophage-derived CCL23 upregulates expression of T-cell exhaustion markers in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1026-1033. [PMID: 35750747 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are an important component of the tumour immune microenvironment (TME) and can promote tumour growth and metastasis. Macrophage-secreted chemokine-ligand-23 (CCL23) induces ovarian cancer cell migration via chemokine-receptor 1 (CCR1). However, the effect of CCL23 on other immune cells in the TME is unknown. METHODS CCL23 levels were measured by ELISA. The expression of surface markers in exhaustion assays was quantified by flow cytometry. Signalling pathways were identified by phosphokinase array and validated by western blot. RESULTS Ascites from patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) contain high levels of CCL23. Similarly, significantly higher CCL23 levels were found in plasma from HGSC patients compared to healthy individuals. RNA-seq analysis of ovarian cancer tissues from TCGA showed that expression of CCL23 correlated with the presence of macrophages. In tissues with high levels of CCL23 and macrophage content, the fraction of CD8 + T cells expressing exhaustion markers CTLA-4 and PD-1 were significantly higher compared to low-level CCL23 tissues. In vitro, CCL23 induced upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins on CD8 + T cells, including CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM-3 and LAG-3 via phosphorylation of GSK3β in CD8 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CCL23 produced by macrophages contributes to the immune-suppressive TME in ovarian cancer by inducing an exhausted T-cell phenotype.
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24
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Atwal A, Snowsill T, Cabrera Dandy M, Krum T, Newton C, Evans DG, Crosbie EJ, Ryan NAJ. The prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency in ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1626-1639. [PMID: 35792468 PMCID: PMC9539584 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the least survivable gynecological malignancy and presents late. Five‐year survival for OC is around 45% increasing the need for innovative treatments. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant clinical efficacy in mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) cancers and could be a powerful treatment in OC. However, their application in OC is limited due to the lack of data on the prevalence of MMRd. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis to provide an accurate estimate of the prevalence of MMRd in OC. We followed PRISMA guidelines throughout. Studies were identified by electronic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science followed by citation searching. Studies not written in English were excluded. All studies were reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. Proportions of test positivity were calculated by random and fixed‐effects meta‐analysis models. I2 score was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. In total 54 studies were included with 17 532 analyzed for MMRd. The overall proportions of MMRd by immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability analysis were 6.7% and 10.4%, respectively. MMRd was reported in all histotypes of epithelial OC but was most common in endometrioid OC. We estimate that on average 46.7% (95% CI: 28.8‐65.4) of ovarian carcinomas showing MMRd by IHC had a germline path_MMR variant identified. OC in those with Lynch syndrome seems to present at an earlier age and stage. Studies however were generally of low quality and there was a high degree of heterogeneity. A significant minority (up to 16%) of OC displays MMRd and, therefore, could be amenable to checkpoint inhibition therapy. However, the current literature base is of limited quality and therefore high‐quality prospective studies exploring MMRd in OC with the use of multimodal testing are required. In addition, trials researching efficacy of checkpoint inhibition in MMRd OC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Atwal
- Clinical Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Tristan Snowsill
- Health Economics Group University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter
| | - Marcus Cabrera Dandy
- The Lancashire Women's and Newborn Centre, Burnley General Hospital East Lancashire UK
| | - Thomas Krum
- Clinical Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Claire Newton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St Michaels Hospital Bristol UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital Manchester UK
| | - Neil AJ Ryan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology St Michaels Hospital Bristol UK
- The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
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25
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Immune Subtype Profiling and Establishment of Prognostic Immune-Related lncRNA Pairs in Human Ovarian Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8338137. [PMID: 35578596 PMCID: PMC9107039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8338137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study collected immune-related genes (IRGs) and used gene expression data from TCGA database to construct a molecular subtype of ovarian cancer (OV) based on immune-related lncRNA gene pairs (IRLnc_GPs). The relationships between molecular subtypes and prognosis and clinical characteristics were further explored. IRGs were acquired from the ImmPort database, and round-robin pairing of immune-related lncRNAs was performed. The NMF algorithm was used to identify molecular subtypes, and the immune score of a single sample was calculated through ESTIMATE, TIMER, ssGSEA, MCPcounter, and CIBERSORT. The relationship between molecular subtypes and immune microenvironments was identified. A hypergeometric test was used to test the lncRNA pairs among the OV molecular subtypes (C1 and C2 subtypes). The BH method was used to screen the different lncRNA pairs, and a predictive risk model was constructed and verified. Finally, correlation analysis between the risk model, immune checkpoint genes, and chemotherapy drugs was carried out. Based on IRLnc_GP to classify 373 OV samples of TCGA, the samples were divided into two subtypes, and the prognosis between the subtypes showed significant differences. The C1 subtype with a poor prognosis was more related to the pathways of tumor occurrence and development. We identified 180 differential lncRNA pairs between subtypes and constructed a prognostic risk model based on 8 IRLnc_GPs. In the independent dataset, the distribution of subtypes in functional modules was different and highly repeatable. There were significant differences in the molecular and clinical characteristics of the subtypes and the drug sensitivity of immunotherapy/chemotherapy. In conclusion, the risk model established based on IRLnc_GP can better evaluate the prognosis of OV samples and can also assess the effects of different drug treatments in the high- and low-risk groups, providing new insights and ideas for the treatment of OV.
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26
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Borella F, Cosma S, Ferraioli D, Preti M, Gallio N, Valabrega G, Scotto G, Rolfo A, Castellano I, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Benedetto C. From Uterus to Brain: An Update on Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment of Brain Metastases From Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859071. [PMID: 35493999 PMCID: PMC9045690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide the state of the art about brain metastases (BMs) from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), a rare condition. Data concerning the epidemiology, clinical presentation, innovations in therapeutic modalities, and outcomes of GTN BMs are comprehensively presented with particular attention to the role of radiotherapy, neurosurgery, and the most recent chemotherapy regimens. Good response rates have been achieved thanks to multi-agent chemotherapy, but brain involvement by GTNs entails significant risks for patients’ health since sudden and extensive intracranial hemorrhages are possible. Moreover, despite the evolution of treatment protocols, a small proportion of these patients ultimately develops a resistant disease. To tackle this unmet clinical need, immunotherapy has been recently proposed. The role of this novel option for this subset of patients as well as the achieved results so far are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mario Preti
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Gallio
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, "City of Health and Science University Hospital", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Tameishi M, Ishikawa H, Tanaka C, Kobori T, Urashima Y, Ito T, Obata T. Ezrin Contributes to the Plasma Membrane Expression of PD-L1 in A2780 Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092457. [PMID: 35566582 PMCID: PMC9100183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand–1 (PD–L1) is one of the immune checkpoint molecule localized on the plasma membrane of numerous cancer cells that negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Despite the remarkable efficacy and safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD–L1 antibodies, restricted poor therapeutic responses to ICIs are often observed in patients with ovarian cancer. Because higher expression of PD–L1 in advanced ovarian cancer is associated with a decreased survival rate, identifying the potential molecules to regulate the plasma membrane expression of PD–L1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of ICIs against ovarian cancers. Here, we reveal the involvement of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family, which crosslinks transmembrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton by serving as a scaffold protein, in the plasma membrane expression of PD–L1 in the human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Our results demonstrate that PD–L1 and all three ERMs were expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in A2780 cells, and that PD–L1 was highly colocalized with ezrin and moesin, but moderately with radixin, in the plasma membrane. Interestingly, RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of ezrin, but not of radixin or moesin, substantially reduced the plasma membrane expression of PD–L1 without altering its mRNA expression. In conclusion, our results indicate that ezrin may be responsible for the plasma membrane expression of PD–L1, possibly by serving as a scaffold protein in A2780 cells. Ezrin is a potential therapeutic target for improving the efficacy of ICIs against ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
| | - Honami Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan;
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi 584-8540, Japan; (M.T.); (H.I.); (C.T.); (T.K.); (Y.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-721-24-9371
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28
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Harnessing Synthetic Lethal Interactions for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010098. [PMID: 35055413 PMCID: PMC8779047 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two genes are said to have synthetic lethal (SL) interactions if the simultaneous mutations in a cell lead to lethality, but each individual mutation does not. Targeting SL partners of mutated cancer genes can kill cancer cells but leave normal cells intact. The applicability of translating this concept into clinics has been demonstrated by three drugs that have been approved by the FDA to target PARP for tumors bearing mutations in BRCA1/2. This article reviews applications of the SL concept to translational cancer medicine over the past five years. Topics are (1) exploiting the SL concept for drug combinations to circumvent tumor resistance, (2) using synthetic lethality to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers, (3) applying SL interactions to stratify patients for targeted and immunotherapy, and (4) discussions on challenges and future directions.
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29
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Sun X, Li S, Lv X, Yan Y, Wei M, He M, Wang X. Immune-Related Long Non-coding RNA Constructs a Prognostic Signature of Ovarian Cancer. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:24. [PMID: 34906078 PMCID: PMC8903634 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since ovarian cancer leads to the poor prognosis in women all over the world, we aim to construct an immune-related lncRNAs signature to improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Methods Normal and cancer patient samples and corresponding clinical data of ovarian were obtained from The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) portal and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The predictive signature was constructed by the lasso penalty Cox proportional hazard regression model. The division of different risk groups was accounting for the optimal critical value of the time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, we validated and evaluated the application of this prognostic signature based on the clinical factors, chemo-sensitivity and immune status of different risk groups. Results The signature was established from 145 DEirlncRNAs and can be shown as an independent prognostic risk factor with accurate prediction on overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Further analysis on the application of the prognostic signature showed that patients with low-risk had a better sensitivity to chemotherapy and a higher immunogenicity. Conclusion We constructed and verified an effective signature based on DEirlncRNA pairs, which could predict the prognosis, drug sensitivity and immune status of ovarian cancer patients and promote the prognostic estimation and individualized treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12575-021-00161-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuemei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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30
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Scotto G, Borella F, Turinetto M, Tuninetti V, Valsecchi AA, Giannone G, Cosma S, Benedetto C, Valabrega G. Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Involvement from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:3408. [PMID: 34943916 PMCID: PMC8699445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among women affected by gynaecological malignancies. Most patients show advanced disease at diagnosis (FIGO stage III-IV) and, despite the introduction of new therapeutic options, most women experience relapses. In most cases, recurrence is abdominal-pelvic; however, EOC can occasionally metastasize to distant organs, including the central nervous system. The incidence of brain metastases (BMs) from EOC is low, but it has grown over time; currently, there are no follow-up strategies available. In the last decade, a few biomarkers able to predict the risk of developing BMs from OC or as potential therapeutic targets have been investigated by several authors; to date, none have entered clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to offer a summary on the role of the most relevant predictors of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (hormone receptors; BRCA; MRD1; PD-1/PD-L1) and to highlight possible therapeutic strategies for the management of metastatic brain disease in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Margherita Turinetto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Anna A. Valsecchi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gaia Giannone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.T.); (V.T.); (A.A.V.); (G.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
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31
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Steinhart B, Jordan KR, Bapat J, Post MD, Brubaker LW, Bitler BG, Wrobel J. The Spatial Context of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Associates with Improved Ovarian Cancer Survival. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1973-1979. [PMID: 34615692 PMCID: PMC8642308 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Multi-omics techniques have provided a platform for improved predictive modeling of therapy response and patient outcomes. While high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) tumors are immunogenic and numerous studies have defined positive correlation to immune cell infiltration, immunotherapies in clinical trials have exhibited low efficacy rates. There is a significant need to better comprehend the role and composition of immune cells in mediating ovarian cancer therapeutic response and progression. We performed multiplex IHC with an HGSOC tissue microarray (n = 127) to characterize the immune cell composition within tumors. After analyzing the composition and spatial context of T cells (CD4/CD8), macrophages (CD68), and B cells (CD19) within the tumor, we found that increased B-cell and CD4 T-cell presence correlated with overall survival. More importantly, we observed that the proximity between tumor-associated macrophages and B cells or CD4 T cells significantly correlated with overall survival. IMPLICATIONS: The results highlight the antitumor role of B cells and CD4 T cells, and that the spatial interactions between immune cell types are a novel predictor of therapeutic response and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Steinhart
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kimberly R Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jaidev Bapat
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miriam D Post
- Department of Pathology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay W Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julia Wrobel
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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32
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Ghoneum A, Almousa S, Warren B, Abdulfattah AY, Shu J, Abouelfadl H, Gonzalez D, Livingston C, Said N. Exploring the clinical value of tumor microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:83-98. [PMID: 33476723 PMCID: PMC8286277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) is rising at an alarming rate, with recurrence of chemo-resistant high grade serous OvCa (HGSC) in roughly 75 % of all patients. Additionally, HGSC has an abysmal five-year survival rate, standing at 39 % and 17 % for FIGO stages III and IV, respectively. Herein we review the crucial cellular interactions between HGSC cells and the cellular and non-cellular components of the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment (TME). We highlight the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), ascitic fluid as well as the mesothelial cells, tumor associated macrophages, neutrophils, adipocytes and fibroblasts in platinum-resistance. Moreover, we underscore the importance of other immune-cell players in conferring resistance, including natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory cells. We show the clinical relevance of the key platinum-resistant markers and their correlation with the major pathways perturbed in OvCa. In parallel, we discuss the effect of immunotherapies in re-sensitizing platinum-resistant patients to platinum-based drugs. Through detailed analysis of platinum-resistance in HGSC, we hope to advance the development of more effective therapy options for this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Warren
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Alexandria University School of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Junjun Shu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hebatullah Abouelfadl
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Genetics, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Daniela Gonzalez
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Christopher Livingston
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Departments of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Akay M, Funingana IG, Patel G, Mustapha R, Gjafa E, Ng T, Ng K, Flynn MJ. An In-Depth Review of Niraparib in Ovarian Cancer: Mechanism of Action, Clinical Efficacy and Future Directions. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:347-364. [PMID: 34363200 PMCID: PMC8593085 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Niraparib is an oral, potent, highly selective poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2 inhibitor. In most developed countries, it is approved as a maintenance treatment for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients with complete or partial response to platinum-based therapy. These approvals are based on results of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, particularly the NOVA trial and more recently the PRIMA trial. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the scientific basis of PARP inhibition, discussing both preclinical and clinical data which have led to the current approval status of niraparib. We also discuss ongoing trials and biological rationale of combination treatments involving niraparib, with particular focus on antiangiogenic drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway. In addition, we reflect on potential strategies and challenges of utilising current biomarkers for treatment selection of patients to ensure maximal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Akay
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Grisma Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Rami Mustapha
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners Centre, London, UK
| | - Ernese Gjafa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tony Ng
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners Centre, London, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Kenrick Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
- Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK.
| | - Michael J Flynn
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Osborn G, Stavraka C, Adams R, Sayasneh A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Lacy KE, Kristeleit R, Spicer J, Josephs DH, Arnold JN, Karagiannis SN. Macrophages in ovarian cancer and their interactions with monoclonal antibody therapies. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 209:4-21. [PMID: 35020853 PMCID: PMC9307234 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The unmet clinical need for effective treatments in ovarian cancer has yet to be addressed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which have largely failed to overcome tumour-associated immunosuppression, restrict cancer growth, and significantly improve survival. In recent years, experimental mAb design has moved away from solely targeting ovarian tumours and instead sought to modulate the wider tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) may represent an attractive therapeutic target for mAbs in ovarian cancer due to their high abundance and close proximity to tumour cells and their active involvement in facilitating several pro-tumoural processes. Moreover, the expression of several antibody crystallisable fragment (Fc) receptors and broad phenotypic plasticity of TAMs provide opportunities to modulate TAM polarisation using mAbs to promote anti-tumoural phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the role of TAMs in ovarian cancer TME and the emerging strategies to target the contributions of these cells in tumour progression through the rationale design of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Adams
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Sayasneh
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Surgical Oncology Directorate, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kristeleit
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Zhou B, Wang C, Liu X, Wu B, Li J, Yao S, Zhang S. Combination of nigericin with cisplatin enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis by inhibiting slug expression via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:700. [PMID: 34457055 PMCID: PMC8358618 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal cancer among female genital tumours. Standard therapies, including postoperative chemotherapy, exhibit high proportions of recurrence and resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies are combined with chemotherapy. Emerging studies have demonstrated that nigericin, an H+, K+ and Pb2+ ionophore, exhibits promising anticancer activity in various types of malignancy, such as colorectal and epithelial ovarian cancer. Our previous study suggested that nigericin could regulate EOC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and may be a novel chemotherapy candidate for EOC. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of combined therapy with cisplatin, and the associated underlying mechanisms, are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of combined chemical therapy with nigericin and cisplatin on EOC cells and to reveal its mechanism. Wound healing, Transwell, cell viability and colony formation assays were used to measure the migration, invasion and proliferation of EOC cells. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. A slug overexpression lentivirus was used to create a slug overexpression model in SK-OV-3 cells. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down slug expression. Nigericin combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the migration and colony formation of EOC cells. Nigericin also enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the expression levels of MMP7, as well as the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the expression levels of β-catenin and GSK-3β, indicating that nigericin and cisplatin regulated in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. When slug was knocked down, the effect of nigericin was weakened. Overexpression of slug could repress the inhibitory effect of nigericin on the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Furthermore, nigericin inhibited slug expression by enhancing its modification through small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs; referred to as SUMOylation). Overall, the present results demonstrated that nigericin combined with cisplatin might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with metastatic EOC because the combined therapy had higher effectiveness than single drug use. The underlying mechanism of combined therapy maybe the enhanced inhibitory effect of slug through its nigericin-induced SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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36
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Macrophages Impair TLR9 Agonist Antitumor Activity through Interacting with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Fc Domain. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164081. [PMID: 34439233 PMCID: PMC8391891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the contribution of macrophages to the effect of combinatorial immunotherapeutic treatments based on TLR9 stimulation (with CpG-ODNs) and PD-1 blockade in an ovarian cancer preclinical model. We observed a strong reduction in the antitumor efficacy of a TLR9 agonist upon anti-PD-1 antibody administration. Specifically, we found that TLR9-stimulated macrophages, through interacting with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of the anti-PD-1 antibody, acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype leading to dampening of CpG-ODN antitumor effect. Since the stimulation of macrophage TLRs can be achieved not only by synthetic agonists but also by molecules present in the tumor microenvironment, the data we are presenting may represent another possible mechanism of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy resistance. Indeed, it is possible that when delivered as a monotherapy, anti-PD-1 antibody Fc domain may interact with macrophages in which TLR signaling has already been triggered by endogenous ligands, mirroring the biological effects described in the present study. Abstract Background. A combination of TLR9 agonists and an anti-PD-1 antibody has been reported to be effective in immunocompetent mice but the role of innate immunity has not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the innate immune system to this combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens using an immunodeficient mouse model in which the effector functions of innate immunity can clearly emerge without any interference from T lymphocytes. Methods. Athymic mice xenografted with IGROV-1 human ovarian cells, reported to be sensitive to TLR9 agonist therapy, were treated with cytosine–guanine (CpG)-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), an anti-PD-1 antibody or their combination. Results. We found that PD-1 blockade dampened CpG-ODN antitumor activity. In vitro studies indicated that the interaction between the anti-PD-1 antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and macrophage Fc receptors caused these immune cells to acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype, contributing to a decrease in the efficacy of CpG-ODNs. Accordingly, in vivo macrophage depletion abrogated the detrimental effect exerted by the anti-PD-1 antibody. Conclusion. Our data suggest that if TLR signaling is active in macrophages, coadministration of an anti-PD-1 antibody can reprogram these immune cells towards a polarization state able to negatively affect the immune response and eventually promote tumor growth.
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Gonzalez-Junca A, Liu FD, Nagaraja AS, Mullenix A, Lee CT, Gordley RM, Frimannsson DO, Maller O, Garrison BS, Iyer D, Benabbas A, Truong TA, Quach A, Tian M, Martinez R, Savur R, Perry-McNamara A, Nguyen D, Almudhfar N, Blanco C, Huynh C, Nand A, Lay YAE, Magal A, Mangalampalli S, Lee PJ, Lu TK, Lee G. SENTI-101, a Preparation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Engineered to Express IL12 and IL21, Induces Localized and Durable Antitumor Immunity in Preclinical Models of Peritoneal Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1508-1520. [PMID: 34210826 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced peritoneal carcinomatosis including high-grade ovarian cancer has poor prognoses and a poor response rate to current checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies; thus, there is an unmet need for effective therapeutics that would provide benefit to these patients. Here we present the preclinical development of SENTI-101, a cell preparation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal (also known as stem) cells (MSC), which are engineered to express two potent immune-modulatory cytokines, IL12 and IL21. Intraperitoneal administration of SENTI-101 results in selective tumor-homing and localized and sustained cytokine production in murine models of peritoneal cancer. SENTI-101 has extended half-life, reduced systemic distribution, and improved antitumor activity when compared with recombinant cytokines, suggesting that it is more effective and has lower risk of systemic immunotoxicities. Treatment of tumor-bearing immune-competent mice with a murine surrogate of SENTI-101 (mSENTI-101) results in a potent and localized immune response consistent with increased number and activation of antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells, which leads to antitumor response and memory-induced long-term immunity. Consistent with this mechanism of action, co-administration of mSENTI-101 with checkpoint inhibitors leads to synergistic improvement in antitumor response. Collectively, these data warrant potential clinical development of SENTI-101 for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and high-grade ovarian cancer.Graphical abstract: SENTI-101 schematic and mechanism of actionSENTI-101 is a novel cell-based immunotherapeutic consisting of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) engineered to express IL12 and IL21 intended for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis including high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Upon intraperitoneal administration, SENTI-101 homes to peritoneal solid tumors and secretes IL12 and IL21 in a localized and sustained fashion. The expression of these two potent cytokines drives tumor infiltration and engagement of multiple components of the immune system: antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells, resulting in durable antitumor immunity in preclinical models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gonzalez-Junca
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Frances D Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alyssa Mullenix
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Chen-Ting Lee
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Russell M Gordley
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel O Frimannsson
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ori Maller
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Brian S Garrison
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California.,Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Anissa Benabbas
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Tiffany A Truong
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Allison Quach
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mengxi Tian
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rowena Martinez
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rishi Savur
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alyssa Perry-McNamara
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Denny Nguyen
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Niran Almudhfar
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Carmina Blanco
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christina Huynh
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Asish Nand
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yu-An E Lay
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ashita Magal
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sravani Mangalampalli
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Philip J Lee
- Department of Technology and Operations, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Gary Lee
- Department of Research and Development, Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Paijens ST, Vledder A, Loiero D, Duiker EW, Bart J, Hendriks AM, Jalving M, Workel HH, Hollema H, Werner N, Plat A, Wisman GBA, Yigit R, Arts H, Kruse AJ, de Lange N, Koelzer VH, de Bruyn M, Nijman HW. Prognostic image-based quantification of CD8CD103 T cell subsets in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1935104. [PMID: 34123576 PMCID: PMC8183551 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1935104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103-positive tissue resident memory-like CD8+ T cells (CD8CD103 TRM) are associated with improved prognosis across malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, whether quantification of CD8, CD103 or both is required to improve existing survival prediction and whether all HGSOC patients or only specific subgroups of patients benefit from infiltration, remains unclear. To address this question, we applied image-based quantification of CD8 and CD103 multiplex immunohistochemistry in the intratumoral and stromal compartments of 268 advanced-stage HGSOC patients from two independent clinical institutions. Infiltration of CD8CD103 immune cell subsets was independent of clinicopathological factors. Our results suggest CD8CD103 TRM quantification as a superior method for prognostication compared to single CD8 or CD103 quantification. A survival benefit of CD8CD103 TRM was observed only in patients treated with primary cytoreductive surgery. Moreover, survival benefit in this group was limited to patients with no macroscopic tumor lesions after surgery. This approach provides novel insights into prognostic stratification of HGSOC patients and may contribute to personalized treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Paijens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Vledder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Loiero
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. W. Duiker
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Bart
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. M. Hendriks
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. H. Workel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Hollema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Werner
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Plat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G. B. A. Wisman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Yigit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Arts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. J. Kruse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isala Hospital Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - N.M. de Lange
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isala Hospital Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - V. H. Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. W. Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Borella F, Carosso AR, Cosma S, Preti M, Collemi G, Cassoni P, Bertero L, Benedetto C. Gut Microbiota and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Future Directions. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:987-1009. [PMID: 33848139 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, important relationships between the microbiota and human health have emerged. A link between alterations of microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and cancer development has been recently demonstrated. In particular, the composition and the oncogenic role of intestinal bacterial flora has been extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies focusing on gastrointestinal tumors. Overall, the development of gastrointestinal tumors is favored by dysbiosis as it leads to depletion of antitumor substances (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) produced by healthy microbiota. Moreover, dysbiosis leads to alterations of the gut barrier, promotes a chronic inflammatory status through activation of toll-like receptors, and causes metabolic and hormonal dysregulations. However, the effects of these imbalances are not limited to the gastrointestinal tract and they can influence gynecological tumor carcinogenesis as well. The purpose of this Review is to provide a synthetic update about the mechanisms of interaction between gut microbiota and the female reproductive tract favoring the development of neoplasms. Furthermore, novel therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of microbiota and their role in gynecological oncology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Borella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giammarco Collemi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Sant’ Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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40
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Mann EK, Lee KJ, Chen D, da Silva LM, Dal Zotto VL, Scalici J, Gassman NR. Associations between DNA Damage and PD-L1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer, a Potential Biomarker for Clinical Response. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050385. [PMID: 33946684 PMCID: PMC8146974 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary This work establishes that ovarian tumors contain persistent oxidative DNA damage levels that can be measured using Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD). The persistent DNA damage correlates with increased protein expression of PD-L1, establishing a link between genomic instability and PD-L1 expression across ovarian tumors. DNA damage may be a potential biomarker for immunotherapy. Abstract Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently under investigation as a potential treatment option for ovarian cancer. Although this therapy has shown promise, its efficacy is highly variable among patients. Evidence suggests that genomic instability influences the expression of PD-L1, but little is known about this relationship in ovarian cancer. To examine the relationship between PD-L1 expression and genomic instability, we measured DNA damage using Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD). We then correlated the presence of persistent DNA damage in the ovarian tumor with protein expression of PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry. Ovarian tumors showed a high prevalence of oxidative DNA damage. As the level of oxidative DNA damage increased, we saw a significant correlation with PD-L1 expression. The highest correlation between DNA damage and PD-L1 expression was observed for mucinous ovarian tumors (r = 0.82), but a strong correlation was also observed for high grade serous and endometrioid tumors (r = 0.67 and 0.69, respectively). These findings link genomic instability to PD-L1 protein expression in ovarian cancer and suggest that persistent DNA damage can be used as a potential biomarker for patient selection for immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K. Mann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (E.K.M.); (K.J.L.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (L.M.d.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Kevin J. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (E.K.M.); (K.J.L.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (L.M.d.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Luciana Madeira da Silva
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (L.M.d.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Valeria L. Dal Zotto
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
| | - Jennifer Scalici
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (L.M.d.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (E.K.M.); (K.J.L.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (L.M.d.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Sarivalasis A, Morotti M, Mulvey A, Imbimbo M, Coukos G. Cell therapies in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211008399. [PMID: 33995591 PMCID: PMC8072818 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211008399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most important cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. Despite improvements in medical therapies, particularly with the incorporation of drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, EOC survival rates remain low. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a personalized form of immunotherapy in which autologous lymphocytes are expanded, manipulated ex vivo, and re-infused into patients to mediate cancer rejection. This highly promising novel approach with curative potential encompasses multiple strategies, including the adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, natural killer cells, or engineered immune components such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs and engineered T-cell receptors. Technical advances in genomics and immuno-engineering have made possible neoantigen-based ACT strategies, as well as CAR-T cells with increased cell persistence and intratumoral trafficking, which have the potential to broaden the opportunity for patients with EOC. Furthermore, dendritic cell-based immunotherapies have been tested in patients with EOC with modest but encouraging results, while the combination of DC-based vaccination as a priming modality for other cancer therapies has shown encouraging results. In this manuscript, we provide a clinically oriented historical overview of various forms of cell therapies for the treatment of EOC, with an emphasis on T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Sarivalasis
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Mulvey
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne BH09-701, Switzerland
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Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Qiao X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Gu X, Wang L, Cui J. MUC16 promotes EOC proliferation by regulating GLUT1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3031-3040. [PMID: 33543559 PMCID: PMC7957195 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common malignancy in females with a higher incidence rate, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease with complexity and diversity in histology and therapeutic response. Although great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, novel therapeutic strategies are required to improve survival. Although the promoting effect of mucin 16 (MUC16) on tumour progression has been reported, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. In our study, we reported that overexpression of MUC16 was significantly related to cell proliferation and disease progression in EOC. Results from clinical specimen analysis and cell experiment support this conclusion. Patients with a high MUC16 expression usually had a worse prognosis that those with a low expression. Cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased in EOC cell lines when the knockdown of MUC16. Further study shows that the function of MUC16 in cell proliferation is based on the regulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression. MUC16 can control glucose uptake by regulating GLUT1 in EOC cells, thereby promoting glycogen synthesis, so that tumour cells produce more energy for proliferation. This conclusion is based on two findings. First, the significant correlation between MUC16 and GLUT1 was verified by clinical specimen and TCGA data analysis. Then, alteration of MUC16 expression levels can affect the expression of GLUT1 and glucose uptake was also verified. Finally, this conclusion is further verified in vivo by tumour‐bearing mice model. To summarize, our results suggest that MUC16 promotes EOC proliferation and disease progression by regulating GLUT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaogai Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Lo AA, Johnston J, Li J, Mandikian D, Hristopoulos M, Clark R, Nickles D, Liang WC, Hötzel K, Dunlap D, Pham T, Cai H, Ovacik M, Bravo-Perez D, Mai E, Slaga D, Ellerman D, Ziai J, Totpal K, Lee G, Boswell CA, Payandeh J, Wu Y, Junttila TT. Anti-LYPD1/CD3 T-Cell-Dependent Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:716-725. [PMID: 33536191 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a diverse class of tumors with very few effective treatment options and suboptimal response rates in early clinical studies using immunotherapies. Here we describe LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1 (LYPD1) as a novel target for therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of ovarian cancer. LYPD1 is broadly expressed in both primary and metastatic ovarian cancer with ∼70% prevalence in the serous cancer subset. Bispecific antibodies targeting CD3 on T cells and a tumor antigen on cancer cells have demonstrated significant clinical activity in hematologic cancers. We have developed an anti-LYPD1/CD3 T-cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB) to redirect T-cell responses to LYPD1 expressing ovarian cancer. Here we characterize the nonclinical pharmacology of anti-LYPD1/CD3 TDB and show induction of a robust polyclonal T-cell activation and target dependent killing of LYPD1 expressing ovarian cancer cells resulting in efficient in vivo antitumor responses in PBMC reconstituted immune-deficient mice and human CD3 transgenic mouse models. Anti-LYPD1/CD3 TDB is generally well tolerated at high-dose levels in mice, a pharmacologically relevant species, and showed no evidence of toxicity or damage to LYPD1 expressing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Lo
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ji Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Robyn Clark
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Thinh Pham
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hao Cai
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Elaine Mai
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - James Ziai
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Genee Lee
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Yan Wu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Pembrolizumab-induced immune-mediated fatal colitis with concurrent giardia infection. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2385-2388. [PMID: 33481043 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in medicine have enabled the use of monoclonal antibodies in the field of oncology. However, the new adverse effects of immunotherapeutic agents are still being reported. We present the first case of pembrolizumab-induced fatal colitis with concurrent Giardia infection in a patient with metastatic ovarian cancer. A 47-year-old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer who was being treated with pembrolizumab admitted to our clinic complaining of persisting bloody diarrhoea. Her stool antigen test was positive for Giardia. The patient received metronidazole. A colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy was performed upon no clinical or laboratory improvement. Colonoscopy detected deep exudative ulcers in sigmoid colon and rectum. The cytopathological evaluation revealed immune-mediated ischemic colitis. The treatment was rearranged with methylprednisolone. Upon an increase in bloody diarrhoea frequency and C-reactive protein levels, infliximab was started. However, the patient became refractory to infliximab therapy after the second dose and was deceased due to septic shock.
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Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells: Characterization and Role in Tumorigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:151-169. [PMID: 34339036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogenous disease with variable clinicopathological and molecular mechanisms being responsible for tumorigenesis. Despite substantial technological improvement, lack of early diagnosis contributes to its highest mortality. Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal female gynaecological cancer across the world. Conventional treatment modules with platinum- and Taxane-based chemotherapy can cause an initial satisfactory improvement in ovarian cancer patients. However, approximately 75-80% patients of advanced stage ovarian cancer, experience relapse and nearly 40% have overall poor survival rate. It has been observed that a subpopulation of cells referred as cancer stem cells (CSCs), having self renewal property, escape the conventional chemotherapy because of their quiescent nature. Later, these CSCs following its interaction with microenvironment and release of various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases, induce invasion and propagation to distant organs of the body mainly peritoneal cavity. These CSCs can be enriched by their specific surface markers such as CD44, CD117, CD133 and intracellular enzyme such as aldehyde dehydrogenase. This tumorigenicity is further aggravated by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of CSCs and neovascularisation via epigenetic reprogramming and over-expression of various signalling cascades such as Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog, etc. to name a few. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of various cellular events involving interaction between cancer cells and cancer stem cells as well as its surrounding micro environmental components would be of unmet need to achieve the ultimate goal of better management of ovarian cancer patients. This chapter deals with the impact of ovarian cancer stem cells in tumorigenesis which would help in the implementation of basic research into the clinical field in the form of translational research in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality in ovarian cancer patients through amelioration of diagnosis and impoverishment of therapeutic resistance.
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Is There a Place for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Vulvar Neoplasms? A State of the Art Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010190. [PMID: 33375467 PMCID: PMC7796178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer (VC) is a rare neoplasm, usually arising in postmenopausal women, although human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated VC usually develop in younger women. Incidences of VCs are rising in many countries. Surgery is the cornerstone of early-stage VC management, whereas therapies for advanced VC are multimodal and not standardized, combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy to avoid exenterative surgery. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are scarce due to the rarity of the disease and prognosis has not improved. Hence, new therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of these patients. In recent years, improved knowledge regarding the crosstalk between neoplastic and tumor cells has allowed researchers to develop a novel therapeutic approach exploiting these molecular interactions. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems play a key role in anti-tumor immunesurveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated efficacy in multiple tumor types, improving survival rates and disease outcomes. In some gynecologic cancers (e.g., cervical cancer), many studies are showing promising results and a growing interest is emerging about the potential use of ICIs in VC. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the latest developments in the field of VC immunoncology, to present the role of state-of-the-art ICIs in VC management and to discuss new potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Yan S, Fang J, Chen Y, Xie Y, Zhang S, Zhu X, Fang F. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic gene signatures based on immune infiltration of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1205. [PMID: 33287740 PMCID: PMC7720540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the most common malignant tumors of gynecology oncology. The lack of effective early diagnosis methods and treatment strategies result in a low five-year survival rate. Also, immunotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the treatment of advanced OV patient, so it is of great significance to find out effective immune-related tumor markers for the diagnosis and treatment of OV. METHODS Based on the consensus clustering analysis of single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) score transformed via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA profile, we obtained two groups with high and low levels of immune infiltration. Multiple machine learning methods were conducted to explore prognostic genes associated with immune infiltration. Simultaneously, the correlation between the expression of mark genes and immune cells components was explored. RESULTS A prognostic classifier including 5 genes (CXCL11, S1PR4, TNFRSF17, FPR1 and DHRS95) was established and its robust efficacy for predicting overall survival was validated via 1129 OV samples. Some significant variations of copy number on gene loci were found between two risk groups and it showed that patients with fine chemosensitivity has lower risk score than patient with poor chemosensitivity (P = 0.013). The high and low-risk groups showed significantly different distribution (P < 0.001) of five immune cells (Monocytes, Macrophages M1, Macrophages M2, T cells CD4 menory and T cells CD8). CONCLUSION The present study identified five prognostic genes associated with immune infiltration of OV, which may provide some potential clinical implications for OV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibai Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juntao Fang
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yongcai Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan North Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan North Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan North Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 Lingnan North Avenue, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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Increased canonical NF-kappaB signaling specifically in macrophages is sufficient to limit tumor progression in syngeneic murine models of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:970. [PMID: 33028251 PMCID: PMC7542116 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment options for ovarian cancer are urgently required. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an attractive target for therapy; repolarizing TAMs from M2 (pro-tumor) to M1 (anti-tumor) phenotypes represents an important therapeutic goal. We have previously shown that upregulated NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages promotes M1 polarization, but effects in the context of ovarian cancer are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of increasing macrophage NF-κB activity in immunocompetent mouse models of ovarian cancer. METHODS We have generated a transgenic mouse model, termed IKFM, which allows doxycycline-inducible overexpression of a constitutively active form of IKK2 (cIKK2) specifically within macrophages. The IKFM model was used to evaluate effects of increasing macrophage NF-κB activity in syngeneic murine TBR5 and ID8-Luc models of ovarian cancer in two temporal windows: 1) in established tumors, and 2) during tumor implantation and early tumor growth. Tumor weight, ascites volume, ascites supernatant and cells, and solid tumor were collected at sacrifice. Populations of macrophages and T cells within solid tumor and/or ascites were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and qPCR, and soluble factors in ascitic fluid were analyzed by ELISA. Comparisons of control versus IKFM groups were performed by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney test, and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Increased expression of the cIKK2 transgene in TAMs from IKFM mice was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Tumors from IKFM mice, regardless of the timing of doxycycline (dox) administration, demonstrated greater necrosis and immune infiltration than control tumors. Analysis of IKFM ascites and tumors showed sustained shifts in macrophage populations away from the M2 and towards the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. There were also increased tumor-infiltrating CD3+/CD8+ T cells in IKFM mice, accompanied by higher levels of CXCL9, a T cell activating factor secreted by macrophages, in IKFM ascitic fluid. CONCLUSIONS In syngeneic ovarian cancer models, increased canonical NF-κB signaling in macrophages promoted anti-tumor TAM phenotypes and increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration, which was sufficient to limit tumor progression. This may present a novel translational approach for ovarian cancer treatment, with the potential to increase responses to T cell-directed therapy in future studies.
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Understanding and addressing barriers to successful adenovirus-based virotherapy for ovarian cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:375-389. [PMID: 32951021 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancer, with an overall 5-year survival rate below 50% due to a lack of specific symptoms, late stage at time of diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence after standard therapy. A better understanding of heterogeneity, genetic mutations, biological behavior and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have allowed the development of more effective therapies based on anti-angiogenic treatments, PARP and immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies and oncolytic vectors. Oncolytic adenoviruses are commonly used platforms in cancer gene therapy that selectively replicate in tumor cells and at the same time are able to stimulate the immune system. In addition, they can be genetically modified to enhance their potency and overcome physical and immunological barriers. In this review we highlight the challenges of adenovirus-based oncolytic therapies targeting ovarian cancer and outline recent advances to improve their potential in combination with immunotherapies.
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Brain Metastases from Ovarian Cancer: Current Evidence in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082156. [PMID: 32759682 PMCID: PMC7464214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With this review, we provide the state of the art concerning brain metastases (BMs) from ovarian cancer (OC), a rare condition. Clinical, pathological, and molecular features, treatment options, and future perspectives are comprehensively discussed. Overall, a diagnosis of high-grade serous OC and an advanced disease stage are common features among patients who develop brain metastases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, as well as the expression of androgen receptors in the primary tumor, are emerging risk and prognostic factors which could allow one to identify categories of patients at greater risk of BMs, who could benefit from a tailored follow-up. Based on present data, a multidisciplinary approach combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy seem to be the best approach for patients with good performance status, although the median overall survival (<1 year) remains largely disappointing. Hopefully, novel therapeutic avenues are being explored, like PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy, based on our improved knowledge regarding tumor biology, but further investigation is warranted.
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